36C78619Q0204-002.pdf

03 30 53 - 1

SECTION 03 30 53

(SHORT-FORM) CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION:

This section specifies cast-in-place structural concrete and material and mixes for other concrete.

1.2 RELATED WORK:

A. Materials testing and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING

LABORATORY SERVICES.

B. Concrete roads, walks, and similar exterior site work: Section 32 05 23, CEMENT AND

CONCRETE FOR EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS.

1.3 TOLERANCES:

A. ACI 117.

B. Slab Finishes: ACI 117, F-number method in accordance with ASTM E1155.

1.4 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS:

A. ACI SP-66 ACI Detailing Manual

B. ACI 318 - Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.

1.5 SUBMITTALS:

A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND

SAMPLES.

B. Concrete Mix Design.

C. Shop Drawings: Reinforcing steel: Complete shop drawings.

D. Manufacturer's Certificates: Air-entraining admixture, chemical admixtures, curing compounds.

1.6 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS:

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent referenced. Publications are referenced in text by basic designation only.

B. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

117R-06 ..................................... Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials

211.1-91(R2002) ........................ Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete

301-05 ........................................ Specification for Structural Concrete

305R-06 ..................................... Hot Weather Concreting

306R-2002 ................................. Cold Weather Concreting

SP-66-04 ................................... ACI Detailing Manual

318/318R-05 .............................. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

347R-04 ..................................... Guide to Formwork for Concrete

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C. American Society for Testing And Materials (ASTM):

A185-07 ..................................... Steel Welded Wire, Fabric, Plain for Concrete Reinforcement

A615/A615M-08 ........................ Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete

Reinforcement

A996/A996M-06 ........................ Standard Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed

Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

C31/C31M-08 ............................ Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field

C33-07 ....................................... Concrete Aggregates

C39/C39M-05 ............................ Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

C94/C94M-07 ............................ Ready-Mixed Concrete

C143/C143M-05 ........................ Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

C150-07 ..................................... Portland Cement

C171-07 ..................................... Sheet Material for Curing Concrete

C172-07 ..................................... Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete

C173-07.Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

C192/C192M-07 ........................ Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory

C231-08 ..................................... Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

C260-06 ..................................... Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

C330-05 ..................................... Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete

C494/C494M-08 ........................ Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

C618-08 ..................................... Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in

Concrete

D1751-04.Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

(Non-extruding and Resilient Bituminous Types)

D4397-02 ................................... Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial and

Agricultural Applications

E1155-96(2008) ......................... Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor Levelness Numbers

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FORMS:

Wood, plywood, metal, or other materials, approved by COR, of grade or type suitable to obtain type of finish specified.

2.2 MATERIALS:

A. Portland Cement: ASTM C150, Type I or II.

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B. Fly Ash: ASTM C618, Class C or F including supplementary optional requirements relating to reactive aggregates and alkalis, and loss on ignition (LOI) not to exceed 5 percent.

C. Coarse Aggregate: ASTM C33, Size 67. Size 467 may be used for footings and walls over 300 mm (12 inches) thick. Coarse aggregate for applied topping and metal pan stair fill shall be Size

7.

D. Fine Aggregate: ASTM C33.

E. Lightweight Aggregate for Structural Concrete: ASTM C330, Table 1

F. Mixing Water: Fresh, clean, and potable.

G. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C260.

H. Chemical Admixtures: ASTM C494.

I. Reinforcing Steel: ASTM A615 or ASTM A996, deformed. See structural drawings for grade.

J. Expansion Joint Filler: ASTM D1751.

K. Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete: ASTM C171.

2.3 CONCRETE MIXES:

A. Design of concrete mixes using materials specified shall be the responsibility of the Contractor as set forth under Option C of ASTM C94.

B. Compressive strength at 28 days shall be not less than 30 Mpa (4000 psi).

C. Establish strength of concrete by testing prior to beginning concreting operation. Test consists of average of three cylinders made and cured in accordance with ASTM C192 and tested in accordance with ASTM C39.

D. Maximum slump for vibrated concrete is 100 mm (4 inches) tested in accordance with ASTM

C143.

E. Cement and water factor (See Table I):

TABLE I - CEMENT AND WATER FACTORS FOR CONCRETE

Concrete: Strength Non-Air-Entrained Air-Entrained

Min. 28 Day Comp. Str.

MPa (psi)

Min. Cement kg/m3 (lbs/c. yd)

Max. Water Cement Ratio

Min. Cement kg/m3 (lbs/c.

yd)

Max. Water

Cement Ratio

35 (5000)1,3 375 (630) 0.45 385 (650) 0.40

30 (4000)1,3 325 (550) 0.55 340 (570) 0.50

25 (3000)1,3 280 (470) 0.65 290 (490) 0.55

25 (3000)1,2 300 (500) * 310 (520) *

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1. If trial mixes are used, the proposed mix design shall achieve a compressive strength 8.3 MPa

(1200 psi) in excess of f'c. For concrete strengths above 35 Mpa (5000 psi), the proposed mix design shall achieve a compressive strength 9.7 MPa (1400 psi) in excess of f’c.

* Determined by Laboratory in accordance with ACI 211.1 for normal concrete or ACI 211.2 for lightweight structural concrete.

F. Air-entrainment is required for all exterior concrete and as required for Section 32 05 23, CEMENT AND CONCRETE FOR EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS. Air content shall conform with the following table:

TABLE I - TOTAL AIR CONTENT

FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF COARSE AGGREGATES (NORMAL CONCRETE)

Nominal Maximum Size of

Coarse Aggregate

Total Air Content

Percentage by Volume

10 mm (3/8 in) 6 to 10

13 mm (1/2 in) 5 to 9

19 mm (3/4 in) 4 to 8

25 mm (1 in) 3 1/2 to 6 1/2

40 mm (1 1/2 in) 3 to 6

2.4 BATCHING & MIXING:

A. Store, batch, and mix materials as specified in ASTM C94.

1. Job-Mixed: Concrete mixed at job site shall be mixed in a batch mixer in manner specified for stationary mixers in ASTM C94.

2. Ready-Mixed: Ready-mixed concrete comply with ASTM C94, except use of non-agitating equipment for transporting concrete to the site will not be permitted. With each load of concrete delivered to project, ready-mixed concrete producer shall furnish, in duplicate, certification as required by ASTM C94.

3. Mixing structural lightweight concrete: Charge mixer with 2/3 of total mixing water and all of the aggregate. Mix ingredients for not less than 30 seconds in a stationary mixer or not less than 10 revolutions at mixing speed in a truck mixer. Add remaining mixing water and other ingredients and continue mixing. Above procedure may be modified as recommended by aggregate producer.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 FORMWORK:

A. Installation shall conform to ACI 347. Sufficiently tight to hold concrete without leakage, sufficiently braced to withstand vibration of concrete, and to carry, without appreciable deflection, all dead and live loads to which they may be subjected.

B. Treating and Wetting: Treat or wet contact forms as follows:

1. Coat plywood and board forms with non-staining form sealer. In hot weather cool forms by wetting with cool water just before concrete is placed.

2. Clean and coat removable metal forms with light form oil before reinforcement is placed. In hot weather cool metal forms by thoroughly wetting with water just before placing concrete.

3. Use sealer on reused plywood forms as specified for new material.

C. Inserts, sleeves, and similar items: Flashing reglets, masonry ties, anchors, inserts, wires, hangers, sleeves, boxes for floor hinges and other items specified as furnished under this and other sections of specifications and required to be in their final position at time concrete is placed shall be properly located, accurately positioned and built into construction, and maintained securely in place.

D. Construction Tolerances:

1. Contractor is responsible for setting and maintaining concrete formwork to assure erection of completed work within tolerances specified to accommodate installation or other rough and finish materials. Remedial work necessary for correcting excessive tolerances is the responsibility of the Contractor. Erected work that exceeds specified tolerance limits shall be remedied or removed and replaced, at no additional cost to the Government.

2. Permissible surface irregularities for various classes of materials are defined as "finishes" in specification sections covering individual materials. They are to be distinguished from tolerances specified which are applicable to surface irregularities of structural elements.

3.2 REINFORCEMENT:

Details of concrete reinforcement, unless otherwise shown, in accordance with ACI 318 and ACI

SP-66. Support and securely tie reinforcing steel to prevent displacement during placing of concrete.

3.3 PLACING CONCRETE:

A. Remove water from excavations before concrete is placed. Remove hardened concrete, debris and other foreign materials from interior of forms, and from inside of mixing and conveying equipment. Obtain approval of COR before placing concrete. Provide screeds at required elevations for concrete slabs.

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B. Before placing new concrete on or against concrete which has set, existing surfaces shall be roughened and cleaned free from all laitance, foreign matter, and loose particles.

C. Convey concrete from mixer to final place of deposit by method which will prevent segregation or loss of ingredients. Do not deposit in work concrete that has attained its initial set or has contained its water or cement more than 1 1/2 hours. Do not allow concrete to drop freely more than 1500 mm (5 feet) in unexposed work nor more than 900 mm (3 feet) in exposed work. Place and consolidate concrete in horizontal layers not exceeding 300 mm (12 inches) in thickness.

Consolidate concrete by spading, rodding, and mechanical vibrator. Do not secure vibrator to forms or reinforcement. Vibration shall be carried on continuously with placing of concrete.

D. Hot weather placing of concrete: Follow recommendations of ACI 305R to prevent problems in the manufacturing, placing, and curing of concrete that can adversely affect the properties and serviceability of the hardened concrete.

E. Cold weather placing of concrete: Follow recommendations of ACI 306R, to prevent freezing of thin sections less than 300 mm (12 inches) and to permit concrete to gain strength properly, except that use of calcium chloride shall not be permitted without written approval from COR.

3.4 PROTECTION AND CURING:

Protect exposed surfaces of concrete from premature drying, wash by rain or running water, wind, mechanical injury, and excessively hot or cold temperature. Curing method shall be subject to approval by COR.

3.5 FORM REMOVAL:

Forms remain in place until concrete has a sufficient strength to carry its own weight and loads supported. Removal of forms at any time is the Contractor's sole responsibility.

3.6 SURFACE PREPARATION:

Immediately after forms have been removed and work has been examined and approved by COR, remove loose materials, and patch all stone pockets, surface honeycomb, or similar deficiencies with cement mortar made with 1 part portland cement and 2 to 3 parts sand.

3.7 FINISHES:

A. Vertical and Overhead Surface Finishes:

1. Exterior Exposed Areas (finished): Finished areas, unless otherwise shown, shall be given a grout finish of uniform color and shall have a smooth finish treated as follows:

a. After concrete has hardened and laitance, fins and burrs have been removed, scrub concrete with wire brushes. Clean stained concrete surfaces by use of a hone or stone.

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b. Apply grout composed of 1 part portland cement and 1 part clean, fine sand (smaller than

600 micro-m (No. 30) sieve). Work grout into surface of concrete with cork floats or fiber brushes until all pits and honeycomb are filled.

c. After grout has hardened, but still plastic, remove surplus grout with a sponge rubber float and by rubbing with clean burlap.

d. In hot, dry weather use a fog spray to keep grout wet during setting period. Complete finish for any area in same day. Confine limits of finished areas to natural breaks in wall surface. Do not leave grout on concrete surface overnight.

B. Slab Finishes:

1. Floating: Allow water brought to surface by float used for rough finishing to evaporate before surface is again floated or troweled. Do not sprinkle dry cement on surface to absorb water.

2. Float Finish: Ramps, stair treads, and platforms, both interior and exterior, equipment pads, and slabs to receive non-cementitious materials, except as specified, shall be screened and floated to a smooth dense finish. After first floating, while surface is still soft, surfaces shall be checked for alignment using a straightedge or template. Correct high spots by cutting down with a trowel or similar tool and correct low spots by filling in with material of same composition as floor finish. Remove any surface projections on floated finish by rubbing or dry grinding. Refloat the slab to a uniform sandy texture.

3. Broom Finish: Finish all exterior slabs, ramps, and stair treads with a bristle brush moistened with clear water after the surfaces have been floated.

4. Finished slab flatness (FF) and levelness (FL) values comply with the following minimum requirements:

Slab on grade & Shored suspended slabs Unshored suspended slabs

Specified overall value FF 25/FL 20 Specified overall value FF 25

Minimum local value FF 17/FL 15 Minimum local value FF 17

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11-01-16

EARTH MOVING (SHORT FORM)

31 20 11 - 1

SECTION 31 20 11

EARTH MOVING (SHORT FORM)

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Earthwork including excavation, fill, backfill, and lawn restoration.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Unsuitable Materials:

1. Fills: Topsoil, frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic materials, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable.

2. Existing Subgrade (except footings): Same materials as above paragraph, not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items, with the possible exception of improvement by compaction, proof rolling, or similar methods of improvement.

B. Earthwork: Earthwork operations required within the new construction area. Also includes earthwork required for auxiliary structures and buildings and sewer and other trench work throughout the job site.

C. Degree of Compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in AASHTO

T99 Method A.

D. The term fill means fill or backfill.

E. Topsoil: Fertile, friable, natural topsoil of loamy character and characteristic of locality, capable of growing healthy horticultural crops of grasses.

1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION

A. Unclassified Excavation: Removal and disposal of pavements and other man-made obstructions visible on the surface; utilities, and other items including underground structures indicated to be demolished and removed; together with any type of materials regardless of character of material and obstructions encountered.

31 20 11 - 2

SPEC WRITER NOTES: Retain Unclassified excavation above or classified excavation below.

B. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material not defined as rock.

C. Rock Excavation (None expected on this job):

1. Solid ledge rock (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock).

2. Bedded or conglomerate deposits, cemented to present characteristics of solid rock which cannot be excavated without blasting; or the use of modern power excavator (shovel, backhoe, or similar power excavators) minimum 0.75 m3 (1 cubic yard) capacity, properly used, having adequate power and in good running condition.

3. Boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 0.4 cubic meter (1/2 cubic yard) or more.

1.4 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

B. American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA):

1. 2004 - American Standard for Nursery Stock.

C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

1. T99-01 (R2004) - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5 kg

(5.5 lb) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop.

2. T180-01 (2004) - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg

[10 lb] Rammer and a 457 mm (18 inch) Drop.

D. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. D698-07 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Standard Effort.

2. D1557-07 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Modified Effort.

E. Standard Specifications of (Insert name of local state) State

Department of Transportation, latest revision.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Fills: Materials approved from on site and off site sources.

1. Dry Density: 1760 kg/m3 (110 pcf) minimum.

2. Plasticity Index: 6 maximum.

3. Liquid Limit: 30 maximum.

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B. Granular Fill:

1. Under Concrete Slab: Crushed stone or gravel graded from 25 mm

(1 inch) to 4.75 mm (No. 4).

C. Fertilizer: 5 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus, and 5 percent potash.

D. Sod: Comparable species with existing turf. Use State Certified or

State Approved sod when available. Deliver sod to site immediately after cutting and in a moist condition. Thickness of cut must be 19 mm to 32 mm (3/4 inch to 1 1/4 inches) excluding top growth. There shall be no broken pads and torn or uneven ends.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SITE PREPARATION

A. Clearing:

1. Clear within the limits of earthwork operations as described or designated by the COR.

2. Remove trees, shrubs, fences, foundations, incidental structures, paving, debris, trash and any other obstructions.

3. Remove materials from the Cemetery Property.

B. Grubbing:

1. Remove stumps and roots 75 mm (3 inches) and larger diameter.

2. Leave undisturbed sound stumps, roots up to 75 mm (3 inches) diameter, and nonperishable solid objects minimum 900 mm (3 feet) below subgrade or finished embankment.

3. Do not leave material within the burial profile up to 2400 mm

(8 feet) below finished grade.

C. Trees and Shrubs:

1. Remove trees and shrubs, not shown for removal, within 4500 mm

(15 feet) of new construction and 2250 mm (7’-6”) of utility lines when approved in advance by the COR.

2. Remove materials from the Cemetery Property.

3. Transplant trees and shrubs with a ball of earth and burlap according to the latest issue of the, "American Standard for Nursery

Stock", of the American Association of Nurserymen, Inc.

4. Transplant trees and shrubs to a permanent or temporary position within two hours after digging.

5. Maintain trees and shrubs held in temporary locations by watering as necessary and feeding liquid fertilizer semi-annually with a minimum

31 20 11 - 4 analysis of 5 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus and 5 percent potash.

6. Maintain plants moved to permanent positions as specified for plants in temporary locations until substantial completion.

7. Protect from damage, existing trees and shrubs. Trim, clean, and paint existing trees and shrubs including the roots, according to standard industry horticultural practice for the geographic area and plant species.

8. Do not store building materials closer to trees and shrubs to remain than the farthest extension of limbs.

D. Stripping Topsoil: Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, extend limits of earthwork operations anywhere the existing grade is filled or cut or where construction operations have compacted or otherwise disturbed the existing grade or turf. Strip topsoil as defined herein, or as indicated in the geotechnical report, within the limits of earthwork operations as specified above, unless specifically indicated or specified elsewhere in the specifications or shown on the drawings.

Stockpile topsoil and protect as directed by the COR. Eliminate foreign material larger than 0.014 cubic meter (1/2 cubic foot) in volume, from soil when stockpiled. Retain topsoil on station. Remove foreign materials larger than 50 mm (2 inches) in any dimension from topsoil used in final grading. Do not excavate wet topsoil.

1. Test soil for chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers when topsoil is removed from formerly utilized as farmland, to verify suitability for use in new lawn areas.

E. Concrete Slabs and Paving:

1. Score deeply or saw cut existing concrete slabs and paving to be removed in a neat, straight cut, sections where excavation or trenching occurs.

2. Extend pavement section, minimum of 300 mm (12 inches) on both sides of widest part of trench excavation. Provide parallel final score lines unless otherwise indicated on Drawings.

3. Remove material from the Cemetery Property.

F. Disposal:

1. Remove materials from site and disposed of at legally approved site.

2. Comply with applicable Federal, State and local regulations. Do not burn materials on site.

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3.2 EXCAVATION

A. Shoring, Sheeting and Bracing: Shore, brace, or slope to an angle of repose banks of excavations to protect workmen, banks, adjacent paving, structures, and utilities, in compliance with OSHA requirements.

1. Extend shoring and bracing to bottom of the excavation. Shore excavations carried below the elevations of adjacent existing foundations.

2. Provide concrete fill support when bearing of foundation is disturbed by excavation, improper shoring or removal of shoring, placing of backfill, and similar operations, under disturbed foundations, as directed by COR. Do not remove shoring until permanent work in excavation has been inspected and approved by COR.

B. Excavation Drainage:

1. Operate pumping equipment to keep excavations free from water and subgrades dry, firm, and undisturbed until permanent work is received by COR.

2. Obtain approval from COR before placement of permanent work on subgrades.

3. Remove disturbed material to firm undisturbed material after water is brought under control, when subgrade for foundations is disturbed by water. Replace disturbed subgrade in trenches by mechanically tamped sand or gravel.

C. Trench Earthwork:

1. Utility Trenches (Except Sanitary and Storm Sewer):

a. Excavate to width required for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of Work.

b. Grade bottom of trenches with bell-holes, scooped-out to provide uniform bearing.

c. Support piping on undisturbed earth unless a mechanical support is indicated on Drawings.

d. The length of open trench in advance of pipe laying shall not be greater than is authorized by the COR.

D. Site Earthwork:

1. Perform excavation as indicated on Drawings and as follows:

a. Remove and replace unsuitable subgrade materials, as determined by the COR.

b. When unsuitable material is encountered and removed, the contract price and time will be adjusted according to Articles, 31 20 11 - 6

DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS as applicable. Adjustments to be based on cubic meters (cubic yard) in cut section only.

2. Finished subgrade elevation as follows:

a. Planting and Lawn Areas: 100 mm (4 inches) below finished grade, unless otherwise specified or indicated on the Drawings.

3.3 FILLING AND BACKFILLING

A. General: Fill or backfill when all debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials have been removed from excavation. Use excavated materials or borrow for fill and backfill, as applicable. Do not use unsuitable excavated materials. Do not backfill until pipes in contact with backfill have been installed, and work inspected and approved by COR.

B. Placing: Place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm

(8 inches) loose depth and then compacted. Do not place material muddy, frozen, or with frost surfaces.

C. Compaction: Use approved equipment (hand or mechanical) to suit type of material compacted. Moisten or aerate material necessary to provide moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining specified compaction with equipment used. Compact each layer until there is no evidence of further compaction.

3.4 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas within limits specified, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished surface within specified tolerance. Provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated, or between points and existing finished grades. Provide smooth transition between abrupt changes in slope.

B. In unfinished areas, fill low spots and level off with coarse sand or fine gravel.

C. Place crushed stone or gravel fill under concrete slabs on grade, tamped, and leveled, 150 mm (6 inches) thick, unless otherwise indicated on Drawings.

3.5 LAWN AREAS

A. General: Harrow and till new or existing lawn areas to remain, 100 mm

(4 inches) deep. Establish existing or design grades by dragging or similar operations. Do not do earthwork on wet soil. Obtain plant bed approval from COR before seeding or sodding operation begins.

31 20 11 - 7

B. Finished Grading: Begin after rough grading has settled. Scarify subgrade surface areas 100 mm (4 inches) deep. Apply topsoil smooth, even surface, and true grades minimum 100 mm (4 inches). Shape top and bottom of banks to form reverse curves in section; make junctions with undisturbed areas to conform to existing topography.

C. Fertilizing: Mix fertilizer into the soil 100 mm (4 inches) deep at a rate of 12 kg/100 m2 (25 pounds per 1000 square feet).

D. Sodding: Water topsoil lightly before laying sod. Tightly butt sod strips at the ends and stagger in a running bond fashion. Place sod strips running across slope from bottom to top. Secure sodded slopes by pegging or other approved methods. Roll sodded area not to exceed 225 kg/m (150 pounds per foot) of the roller width.

E. Watering: Upon completion in any one section, water thoroughly new sod pad and soil to a sufficient depth. COR will be responsible for sod after installation and acceptance.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE AND EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of off Cemetery property.

3.7 CLEANING

A. Upon completion of earthwork operations, clean areas within contract limits, remove tools, and equipment. Clean site, free of debris, and suitable for subsequent construction operations. Remove debris, rubbish, and excess material from the Cemetery Property.

ASPHALT PAVING

32 12 16 - 1

SECTION 32 12 16

ASPHALT PAVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Composition, mixing, and construction on prepared subgrade and protection of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement.

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Roadway subgrade preparation: Section 31 20 00, EARTH MOVING.

B. Materials testing and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES.

1.3 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

D. Oklahoma State Highway and Transportation Department:

1. Standard Specifications Book, 2009 Edition.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Test Reports: Results of specified tests indicating that materials and constructed work comply with the specifications.

1. Aggregate Base Course.

2. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Pavement Course.

B. Certificates: Certify products comply with specifications.

1. Asphalt prime and tack coat material complying with requirements of of the Oklahoma Standard Specifications.

2. Asphalt cement (binder) complying with requirements of the Oklahoma

Standard Specifications.

3. Job Mix Design (JMD) documentation indicating that mix equals or exceeds requirements of the Oklahoma Standard Specifications.

C. Qualifications: Substantiate qualifications comply with specifications.

1. Manufacturer with project experience list.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications:

1. Regularly manufactures specified products.

2. Manufactured specified products with satisfactory service on five similar installations for minimum five years.

a. Project Experience List: Provide contact names and addresses for completed projects.

32 12 16 - 2

B. COR to have access to all parts of material producing plants to check mixing operations and materials and adequacy of equipment.

C. Preconstruction Testing:

1. Submit manufacturer’s test reports referenced in the following paragraphs, or as otherwise approved by the COR.

2. Aggregate Base Course:

a. Test sources, gradation, liquid limit, plasticity index, percentage of wear, and other properties in accordance with applicable requirements of subsection 303 of the Oklahoma

Standard Specifications.

3. HMA Pavement Job Mix Design (JMD):

a. Provide a JMD for HMA pavement course in accordance with applicable requirements of subsection 411 of the Oklahoma

Standard Specifications.

1.6 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Environment:

1. Conform to Section 411.04 of the Oklahoma Standard Specifications for weather limitations for HMA placement.

1.7 WARRANTY

A. Construction Warranty: FAR clause 52.246-21, "Warranty of

Construction."

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 AGGREGATES FOR BASE COURSE AND HMA PAVEMENT

A. Aggregate for Base Course: Crushed stone or crushed gravel conforming to the requirements of section 703 of the Oklahoma Standard

Specifications.

B. Aggregates for HMA: Conform to the requirements of section 708 of the

Oklahoma Standard Specifications.

2.2 ASPHALT MATERIALS

A. Asphalt Binder: Conform to the requirements of subsection 708.03 of the

Oklahoma Standard Specifications.

B. Asphalt Tack Coat: Conform to the requirements of Section 407 of the

Oklahoma Standard Specifications.

C. Asphalt Prime Coat: Conform to the requirements of Section 408 of the

Oklahoma Standard Specifications.

32 12 16 - 3

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 MIXING AND DELIVERY OF HMA PAVEMENT MATERIALS

A. Provide HMA pavement materials in accordance with Division 411 of the

Oklahoma Standard Specifications, including requirements for JMD, equipment, asphalt mixing plant, preparation of asphalt and aggregates, and mixture.

3.2 SUBGRADE

A. Prepare subgrade as specified in Section 31 20 00 EARTH MOVING, and in accordance with the following requirements.

B. Shape to line and grade and compact.

C. Fill depressions developed under rolling with acceptable material and re-roll area.

D. Remove soft areas, fill with acceptable materials and re-roll area.

E. If subgrade becomes rutted or displaced before the placing of subbase, rework subgrade to bring to line and grade.

3.3 OPEN-GRADED HOT-MIX AGGREGATE AND BINDER BASE COURSE CONSTRUCTION

A. Placement of Base Course:

1. Conform to the requirements of Section 319 of the Oklahoma Standard

Specifications for mixing, placement and compaction. Sampling of aggregate during placement will not be required.

2. Spread and compact to thickness shown on Drawings.

3. Begin compacting sides, continue toward center, and continue until there is no movement ahead of roller/vibrator.

4. After completion of base compaction, no hauling is permitted over base except top course material delivery.

B. Compaction: Compacted to a density of at least 95 percent of the material's maximum density per Section 319 of the Oklahoma Standard

Specifications.

C. Thickness Tolerance: Compacted thicknesses shown on Drawings within minus 1/2 inch to plus 1 inch.

D. Smoothness Tolerance: Maximum surface deviations of 3/8 inch as measured using a 10-foot straightedge.

E. Moisture Content: Only amount required to achieve specified compaction.

F. Areas of aggregate base course that do not meet the required density, thickness or smoothness, within allowed tolerances, shall be reconstructed as approved by the COR.

32 12 16 - 4

3.4 HMA PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION

A. Remove all loose materials from compacted aggregate base course.

B. Apply prime coat, and tack coat where required.

C. Receipt of Asphaltic Concrete Materials:

1. Do not accept material unless covered with tarpaulin until unloaded, and unless material is minimum 280 degrees F.

2. Do not begin asphaltic concrete material placement when atmospheric temperature is below 50 degrees F, nor during fog, rain, or other unsuitable conditions.

D. Spreading:

1. Spread material with minimal handling.

2. HMA pavement course shall be constructed in one or more uniform lifts to the required total compacted thickness indicated on the

Drawings. The maximum compacted lift thickness allowed is 3 inches.

E. Compaction and Surface Requirements

1. During placement of the HMA pavement material, thoroughly and uniformly compact to the thickness and elevations shown on Drawings and to the density specified in the Oklahoma Standard

Specifications.

2. Finished paving smoothness and thickness tolerance:

a. No depressions which will retain standing water.

b. Smoothness Tolerance: Maximum surface deviations of 3/16 inch as measured using a 10-foot straightedge.

c. Thickness Tolerance: Maximum of 1/2 inch less than required.

d. Deviations exceeding specified tolerances for smoothness and thickness are subject to payment reductions or correction as determined by the COR.

3.5 CLEANING

A. Remove debris, rubbish, and excess material from project site.

3.6 MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION

A. The completed HMA pavement surface shall be protected from damage until acceptance of the construction work and substantial completion of the

Project.

B. Damaged areas shall be repaired using methods approved by the COR.

01-01-17

PLANTING IRRIGATION

32 84 00 - 1

SECTION 32 84 00

PLANTING IRRIGATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Manually controlled irrigation shut-off (isolation) valves indicated on drawings.

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Maintenance of Existing Utilities: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS.

B. As-Built Drawings: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.

C. Availability and Use of Utility Services: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS.

D. Submittals: Section 01 33 23 SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES.

E. Concrete: Section 03 30 53, CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE (SHORT FORM).

F. Excavation, Backfill: Section 31 20 00, EARTH MOVING.

G. Electrical supply and connection to irrigation controller // and irrigation pumps //: Section 26 05 00, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR

ELECTRICAL.

H. Spigot: Section 323000, SITE FURNISHINGS.

I. Water Distribution Systems: Section 33 10 00, WATER UTILITIES.

J. Irrigation Pressure Booster System: Section 32 82 00, IRRIGATION PUMPS.

K. Plants, Turf, and Grasses: Section 32 90 00, PLANTING.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Lateral Piping: Piping located downstream from control valves to sprinklers, specialties. Piping is under pressure during flow.

B. Mainline Piping: Located downstream from point of connection to water distribution piping to, and including, control valves. Piping is under system pressure.

C. Low Voltage: As defined in NFPA 70 for circuits and equipment operating at less than 50 Volts or for remote-control, signaling power-limited circuits.

D. Hardscape: Site roads, walks, walls, or any other surface improvements for which removal for excavation to perform maintenance or replacement of the irrigation system pipes, or wires will require disturbance of other than landscape materials.

E. COR: Contracting Officer's Representative (COR) on-site.

32 84 00 - 2

F. PM: Government Project Manager (PM); District Engineer.

1.4 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

B. ASTM International (ASTM).

1. A36/A36M-14 - Carbon Structural Steel.

2. A53/A53M-12 - Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zin-Coated, Welded and Seamless.

3. A242/A242M-04 (2009) - High Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel.

4. A307-14 - Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60,000 PSI

Tensile Strength.

5. A536-84 (2009) - Ductile Iron Castings.

6. B33-10(2014) - Tin-Coated Soft or Annealed Copper Wire for

Electrical Purposes.

7. B61-08 - Steam or Valve Bronze Castings.

8. B62-09 - Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal Castings.

9. B584-14 - Copper Alloy Sand Casting for General Applications.

10. D1785-15 - Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedule 40, 80, and 120.

11. D1238-04c - Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of

Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer.

12. D1784-11 - Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and

Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds.

13. D1785-06 - Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules

40, 80, 120.

14. D2241-15 - Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR

Series).

15. D2464-15 - Threaded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe

Fittings, Schedule 80.

16. D2466-15 - Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40.

17. D2564-12 - Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)

Plastic Piping Systems.

18. D3139-98 (2005) - Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using

Flexible Elastomeric Seals.

19. F477-14 - Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe.

20. F656-15 - Primers for Use in Solvent Cement Joints of Poly (Vinyl

Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings.

C. American Water Works Association (AWWA).

32 84 00 - 3

1. C110/A21.10-08 - Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 inch Through

48 inch for Water.

2. C111/A21.11-06 - Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings.

3. C115/A21.15-05 - Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Ductile-Iron or

Gray-Iron Threaded Flanges.

4. C151/A21.51-09 - Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast.

C153/A21.53-00 - Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings for Water Service.

5. C509-09 - Resilient-Seated Gate Valves for Water Supply Service.

6. C600-10 - Installation of Ductile Iron Water Mains and Their

Appurtenances.

7. C900-07 - Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated

Fitting, 100 mm and Through 300mm (4 In. Through 12 inches) for

Water Transmission and Distribution.

8. C905-10 - Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Water Transmission Pipe, Nominal

Diameters 14 In. Through 48 In. (350 Through 1,200 mm) for Water

Transmission and Distribution.

D. Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS).

1. SP70-2006 - Cast Iron gate Valves, Flanged and Thread Ends.

E. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA).

1. 250-2008 - Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum).

1.5 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS

A. Conduct pre-installation meeting at project site minimum 10 calendar days before beginning Work of this section.

1. Required Participants:

a. Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR).

b. Contractor.

c. Installer.

2. Optional Participants (located off-site; to be included in distribution):

a. Contracting Officer (CO)

b. Project Manager (PM)

3. Meeting Agenda: Distribute agenda to participants minimum 3 days before meeting.

a. Installation schedule.

b. Installation sequence.

c. Preparatory work.

d. Protection before, during, and after installation.

32 84 00 - 4

e. Installation.

f. Transitions and connections to other work.

g. Inspecting and testing.

h. Other items affecting successful completion.

4. Document and distribute meeting minutes to participants, Contracting

Officer, and PM to record decisions affecting installation.

1.6 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal Procedures: Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES.

B. Submittal Drawings:

1. Shop Drawings: Show size, configuration, and fabrication and installation details.

C. Manufacturer's Literature and Data:

1. Description of each product.

2. Valves.

3. Restraints.

4. Installation instructions.

5. Warranty.

D. Materials List:

1. Pipe and fittings.

2. Valves.

3. Mainline components.

E. Test Reports: Certify products comply with specifications.

F. Operation and Maintenance Data:

1. Care instructions for each exposed finish product.

2. Start-up, maintenance, troubleshooting, emergency, and shut-down instructions for each operational product.

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications:

1. Regularly manufactures specified products.

B. Installer Qualifications: Manufacturer authorized installer.

1. Regularly installs specified products.

2. Installed specified products with satisfactory service on five similar installations for minimum five years.

a. Project Experience List: Provide contact names and addresses for completed projects.

C. Products Criteria:

32 84 00 - 5

1. Multiple Units: When two or more units, same type or class of materials or equipment required, provide compatible products from one manufacturer.

2. Assembled Units: Manufacturers of equipment assemblies, which use components made by others, assume complete responsibility for final assembled product.

a. All components of assembled unit need not be products of same manufacturer but component parts which are alike are product of single manufacturer.

b. Components are compatible with each other and with total assembly for intended service.

D. Codes and Regulations:

1. Comply with latest edition of National Electrical Code, Uniform

Plumbing Code, and applicable laws and regulations of governing authorities.

1.8 WARRANTY

A. Construction Warranty: FAR clause 52.246-21, "Warranty of

Construction." (i.e. Contractor's one-year labor and material warranty.)

B. Manufacturer's Warranty: Warrant irrigation materials against material and manufacturing defects.

1. Warranty Period: Ten years.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. System Requirements:

1. Layout work as shown on the drawings. Drawings are diagrammatic to the extent that swing joints, offsets and fittings are not shown.

Diagrammatic also refers to the location of the pipelines and valves, which may have been adjusted for clarity of Drawings.

Lines are to be common trenched wherever possible.

2. Locations of new shut-off (isolation) valves is schematic.

Coordinate exact location with COR before installation.

B. Follow manufacturer's instructions for installation.

C. Submit manufacturer's written certification that Control System is complete, including related components, and fully operational to COR.

32 84 00 - 6

2.2 MATERIALS

A. Use new materials without flaws or defects.

2.3 PRODUCTS - GENERAL

A. Provide each product from one manufacturer.

2.4 PIPE AND FITTINGS

A. Irrigation Main Pipe:

1. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe: ASTM D1784, PVC 1120, SDR 21 minimum working pressure 1375 kPa (200 psi), gasketing conforming to ASTM F477. Pipe outside diameters, comply with AWWA C151 cast iron pressure pipe to accommodate cast iron fittings.

2. Mainline Pipe Within Sleeves: Provide restrained casing spacers for gasketed joints.

B. Irrigation Main Fittings:

1. Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings:

a. Mechanical Joint Fittings: ANSI A 21.10 (AWWA C110) and

ANSI A21.11 (AWWA C111).

b. Flanged Fittings: ANSI/AWWA C110 and ANSI B16.1 850 kPa(125 lbs.).

c. Push-On Joints: ASTM D3139 for Laboratory Qualifying Tests. Use push-on rubber-gasketed ductile iron fittings.

d. Gaskets: ASTM F477, rubber.

e. Joint Restraints: Class 350 Ductile Iron per ASTM A536.

2. PVC Pipes Fittings:

a. Mechanical Joint Fittings: ANSI A 21.10 (AWWA C110) and

ANSI A21.11 (AWWA C111).

b. Flanged Fittings: ANSI/AWWA C110 and ANSI B16.1 850 kPa(125 lbs.).

c. Gaskets: ASTM F477, rubber.

d. Joint Restraints: Class 350 Ductile Iron per ASTM A536.

C. Lateral Pipe:

1. PVC Pipe: ASTM D1784 Rigid, Unplasticized (PVC) 1120, Class 12454-A or 12454-B, with integral bell end suitable for solvent welding.

2. Pressure Rated PVC Pipe: ASTM D2241, Class 200, SDR-21, 1375 kPa(200 psi) pressure rating.

3. PVC Pipe: ASTM D2466 and D1784.

4. Threaded Pipe: ASTM D1785, PVC 1120, Schedule 80 threaded connections, risers and swing joints.

32 84 00 - 7

5. Pipe Above Grade and in Concrete Structures: Ductile Iron meeting

AWWA C600, AWWA C115, flanged joints and fittings, working pressure 1025 kPa (150 psi).

D. Joining Materials:

1. Irrigation Mains: Rubber gaskets, AWWA C111.

2. Irrigation Laterals: ASTM D2466 and D1784 PVC Schedule 40, Type 1, solvent weld fittings.

a. Primer: ASTM F656.

b. Solvent Cement: ASTM D2564.

3. Threaded pipes: Teflon-type tape or Teflon based paste pipe joint sealant. Use non-hardening, non-toxic pipe joint sealant for water-carrying pipes on metal threaded connections.

2.5 RESTRAINTS

A. Self-Restrained Fittings: Meeting // ASTM A536 // ANSI/AWWA C153/A21.53

“Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings For Water Service” or

ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10 “Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 76 mm through 1219 mm (3 inches through 48 inches), For Water”.

1. Provide on rubber gasketed pipe pipes 75 mm (3 inch) diameter or larger.

2. Size: As indicated on Drawings.

B. Thrust Blocks: Concrete, 20 MPa (3,000 psi), 50 micrometers (2-mil) plastic and 12.7 mm (No. 4) rebar wrapped or painted with asphalt tar based mastic coating.

1. Provide on pipe fittings greater than or equal to 75 mm (3 inch) diameter or rubber gasketed pipe.

2. Size: As indicated on Drawings.

C. Joint Restraint Harness: Provide joint restraint harness where joints not positively restrained by flanged fittings, threaded fittings, or retainer glands and thrust blocks.

1. Provide in ductile iron fittings 76 mm (3 inch) and larger, transition fittings between metal and PVC pipe, where thrust block is not allowed, or where extra support is required to retain fitting or joint.

2. Provide joint restraint harness or retainer glands with preset torque shearing set screws on mainline gate valve assemblies

76 mm (3 inch) and larger.

3. Provide stainless steel bolts, nuts, retaining clamps, all-thread, or other joint restraint harness materials retainer, ASTM A536, 32 84 00 - 8 and high strength, low alloy steel bolts and connecting hardware, ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11.

2.6 MAINLINE COMPONENTS

A. Valves (Except Remote Control Valves):

1. Underground Shut-Off Valves:

a. Gate Valves 50 mm (2 inches) and Larger: AWWA C509, iron body, bronze mounted, double disc with parallel or inclined seats, non-rising stem turning clockwise to close, 1375 kPa

(200 psi) minimum working pressure.

b. Accommodate end valves with type of pipe being installed.

Provide mechanical joint ends with self-restrained joints on buried irrigation main valves.

c. Operations:

1) T-Handle Socket Wrench Operation: Underground valves 50 mm

(2 inch) nut.

B. Valve Box:

1. Cast iron extension box with screw or slide-type adjustment and flared base. Minimum thickness of metal shall be 5 mm (3/16 inch).

Box shall be adapted, without full extension, to depth of cover required over pipe at valve location. Cast the word "WATER" in cover. Provide two (2) "T" handle socket wrenches of 18 mm (5/8 inch) round stock long enough to extend 600 mm (2 feet) above top of deepest valve box. The least diameter of the shaft of the box shall be 135 mm (5-1/4 inches). Cast iron box shall have a heavy coat of bituminous paint. Valve box and cover shall be installed where indicated on the drawings to be utilized as access points for the tracer wire or detectable warning tape.

2.7 SPRINKLER IRRIGATION COMPONENTS

A. Drainage Backfill: Clean gravel or crushed stone, graded from 6 mm

(1/4 inches) minimum to 19 mm (3/4 inch) maximum.

B. Pipe Bedding and Initial Backfill: Clean sand per Section 31 20 00

EARTH MOVING for trenching and backfilling of utilities.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Examine and verify substrate suitability for product installation.

B. Protect existing construction and completed work from damage.

32 84 00 - 9

C. Remove existing 4” gate valve to permit new installation.

1. Dispose of removed materials.

3.2 INSPECTIONS AND REVIEWS

A. Site Inspections:

1. Verify site conditions and note irregularities affecting work.

Report irregularities to COR before beginning work.

B. Utility Location ("Call Before You Dig"):

1. Arrange and coordinate underground utility locations with local authorities and cemetery maintenance personnel.

2. Repair underground utilities damaged during construction with no increase in contract price.

C. Irrigation System Layout Review: Stake locations of irrigation system components as defined below for COR's review. Notify the COR one week in advance of review. COR will identify and approve modifications during this review.

3.3 INSTALLATION - GENERAL

A. Install products according to manufacturer's instructions and approved submittal drawings.

1. When manufacturer's instructions deviate from specifications, submit proposed resolution for COR consideration.

B. Perform excavation, trenching, and backfilling for sprinkler system as specified in Section 31 20 00, EARTHWORK and as indicated on Drawings.

3.4 LAYOUT OF WORK

A. Stake out irrigation system.

B. When staked irrigation components conflict with utilities or other components or site features, coordinate rerouting of components with

COR. To comply with requirements of the following conditions specified herein this specification section to obtain compliance of regulatory regulations.

3.5 PIPE AND FITTING ASSEMBLY

A. General:

1. Keep pipe free from dirt and pipe scale. Cut pipe ends square and debur.

2. Cap assembled pipe ends. Remove caps only to continue assembly.

B. Specialized Pipe and Fittings:

32 84 00 - 10

1. Mechanical Joint Connections: Install fittings, fasteners and gaskets according to manufacturer's instructions and accepted industry practices.

2. PVC Threaded Connections:

a. Factory-formed threads. Field-cut threads are not acceptable.

b. Apply thread sealant according to manufacturer's instructions and accepted industry practices.

c. Use plastic components male threads and metal components female threads for plastic-to-metal connection.

C. Thrust Blocks:

1. Use cast-in-place concrete bearing against undisturbed soil.

2. Size, orientation and placement as indicated in installation details on Drawings.

3. Wrap fitting with plastic protecting bolts, joint, and fitting from concrete.

4. Install rebar with mastic coating as indicated on Drawings.

D. Joint Restraint Harness:

1. Install harness according to manufacturer's…