2015_Fence_IDIQ_Section_02300.doc

CONSTRUCT / REPAIR FENCE IDIQ

IFB No.:

Contract No.: FA4861-

Copyright 1997, The American Institute of Architects (AIA)

SECTION 02300 - EARTHWORK

This Section uses the term "Architect." Change this term to match that used to identify the design professional as defined in the General and Supplementary Conditions.

Verify that Section titles referenced in this Section are correct for this Project's Specifications; Section titles may have changed.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

Adjust list below to suit Project.

1. Preparing subgrades for slabs-on-grade, walks, pavements, lawns, and plantings.

2. Excavating and backfilling for buildings and structures.

3. Drainage course for slabs-on-grade.

4. Subbase course for concrete walks and pavements.

5. Base course for asphalt paving.

6. Excavating and backfilling trenches within building lines.

7. Excavating and backfilling trenches for buried mechanical and electrical utilities and pits for buried utility structures.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

Delete definitions not required. Revise to suit office or local earthwork practices.

A. Backfill: Soil materials used to fill an excavation.

1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe.

2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.

B. Base Course: Layer placed between the subbase course and asphalt paving.

C. Bedding Course: Layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.

D. Borrow: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

Revise title in paragraph below to "Capillary Water Barrier" or a similar title if required.

E. Drainage Course: Layer supporting slab-on-grade used to minimize capillary flow of pore water.

F. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations.

1. Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations as directed by Contracting Officer. Additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work.

2. Bulk Excavation: Excavations more than 10 feet (3 m) in width and pits more than 30 feet (9 m) in either length or width.

3. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated dimensions without direction by Contracting Officer. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Contracting Officer, shall be without additional compensation.

G. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.

Retain one or both definitions of rock in paragraphs below for classified excavation. Consider retaining one or both paragraphs, if excavation is unclassified, to define rock in event of claims for concealed or unknown conditions. See Evaluations for further discussion.

Retain paragraph below if standard penetration values are used to define rock. Consider retaining below with equipment-based definition of rock above as Contractor's option. Revise number of blows to suit office practice. No correlation is intended between equipment-based and geotechnical-based definition of rock; both are arbitrary values chosen to standardize criteria for defining rock.

H. Rock: Rock material in beds, ledges, unstratified masses, and conglomerate deposits and boulders of rock material 3/4 cu. yd. (0.57 cu. m) or more in volume that when tested by an independent geotechnical testing agency, according to ASTM D 1586, exceeds a standard penetration resistance of 100 blows/2 inches (97 blows/50 mm).

I. Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

J. Subbase Course: Layer placed between the subgrade and base course for asphalt paving, or layer placed between the subgrade and a concrete pavement or walk.

K. Subgrade: Surface or elevation remaining after completing excavation, or top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

L. Utilities include on-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as well as underground services within buildings.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Retain only those Submittals required for Project.

A. Comply with AF Form 66, “Submittals and Substitutions.”

Delete test reports below if not required.

B. Material Test Reports: Density reports.

Omit classification and compaction curve of on-site soil if geotechnical report will suffice.

Submittals in paragraphs below are for record purposes only.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

Revise two paragraphs below and identify soil materials according to geotechnical engineer's written recommendations. Revise soil groups and size of stone to suit Project. Add liquid limit and plasticity index if further qualifying satisfactory soil.

B. Satisfactory Soils: ASTM D 2487 soil classification groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and SM, or a combination of these group symbols; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches (75 mm) in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

For heavy civil or highway projects, possibly revise above to AASHTO M 145 Soil Classification Groups A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5, and A-3 and revise below to AASHTO M 145 Soil Classification Groups A-2-6, A-2-7, A-4, A-5, A-6, and A-7.

C. Unsatisfactory Soils: ASTM D 2487 soil classification groups GC, SC, ML, MH, CL, CH, OL, OH, and PT, or a combination of these group symbols.

1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

Terms, descriptions, and gradations of materials below are examples only. Revise to comply with local practices and to suit Project. For example, soil materials may be referenced by state or local highway designations rather than by ASTM classifications.

D. Backfill and Fill: Satisfactory soil materials.

E. Subbase: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2- inch (38-mm) sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve.

F. Base: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 95 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch (38-mm) sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve.

G. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch (38-mm) sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve.

H. Bedding: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch (25-mm) sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve.

I. Drainage Fill: Washed, narrowly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a 1-1/2- inch (38-mm) sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve.

J. Filter Material: Narrowly graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, or crushed stone and natural sand; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 67; with 100 percent passing a 1-inch (25-mm) sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.

K. Impervious Fill: Clayey gravel and sand mixture capable of compacting to a dense state.

2.2 ACCESSORIES

Omit warning tapes if not required. Use may be mandatory for underground hazardous utilities.

A. Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches (150 mm) wide and 4 mils (0.1 mm) thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility; colored as follows:

Select paragraph above or below and revise description, if required, to suit Project. Retain both and indicate where each tape is required.

B. Detectable Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, minimum 6 inches (150 mm) wide and 4 mils (0.1 mm) thick, continuously inscribed with a description of utility, with metallic core encased in a protective jacket for corrosion protection, detectable by metal detector when tape is buried up to 30 inches (750 mm) deep; colored as follows:

Revise colors below to comply with local practice or requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

1. Red: Electric.

2. Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, and dangerous materials.

3. Orange: Telephone and other communications.

4. Blue: Water systems.

5. Green: Sewer systems.

Revise paragraph below to suit Project or recommendations of geotechnical engineer. Nonwoven fabric below is midrange example only and is based on Hoechst Celanese Corporation's "Polyester 011/140." Amoco's "4545" fabric has similar properties.

C. Drainage Fabric: Nonwoven geotextile, specifically manufactured as a drainage geotextile; made from polyolefins, polyesters, or polyamides; and with the following minimum properties determined according to ASTM D 4759 and referenced standard test methods:

1. Grab Tensile Strength: 110 lbf (490 N); ASTM D 4632.

2. Tear Strength: 40 lbf (178 N); ASTM D 4533.

3. Puncture Resistance: 50 lbf (222 N); ASTM D 4833.

4. Water Flow Rate: 150 gpm per sq. ft. (100 L/s per sq. m); ASTM D 4491.

5. Apparent Opening Size: No. 50 (0.3 mm); ASTM D 4751.

Revise paragraph below to suit Project or recommendations of geotechnical engineer. Below is an example of medium-strength geotextile for ground separation and stabilization and is based on Amoco's "2002" woven fabric. Revise description if nonwoven fabrics are also permitted. With otherwise similar properties, Goechst Celanese's "011/250" nonwoven fabric has a higher water flow rate and a smaller apparent opening size.

D. Separation Fabric: Woven geotextile, specifically manufactured for use as a separation geotextile; made from polyolefins, polyesters, or polyamides; and with the following minimum properties determined according to ASTM D 4759 and referenced standard test methods:

1. Grab Tensile Strength: 200 lbf (890 N); ASTM D 4632.

2. Tear Strength: 75 lbf (333 N); ASTM D 4533.

3. Puncture Resistance: 90 lbf (400 N); ASTM D 4833.

4. Water Flow Rate: 4 gpm per sq. ft. (2.7 L/s per sq. m); ASTM D 4491.

5. Apparent Opening Size: No. 30 (0.6 mm); ASTM D 4751.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

Delete paragraph below if not applicable.

B. Protect subgrades and foundation soils against freezing temperatures or frost. Provide protective insulating materials as necessary.

C. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways.

3.2 EXPLOSIVES

A. Explosives: Do not use explosives.

Delete paragraph above or below.

3.3 EXCAVATION, GENERAL

Retain paragraph and subparagraph below if excavation is unclassified and no changes in Contract Sum and Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation.

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavation to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered, including rock, soil materials, and obstructions.

1. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.

Delete paragraph and subparagraph above and retain paragraph and subparagraphs below if excavation is classified and changes in Contract Sum and Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation. See discussion in Evaluations.

B. Classified Excavation: Excavation to subgrade elevations classified as earth and rock. Notify Contracting Officer if rock is encountered. Rock is not anticipated for this Project.

Revise description below if removal of surface features and underground utility structures is specified in Division 2 Sections "Building Demolition" or "Site Clearing."

1. Earth excavation includes excavating pavements and obstructions visible on surface; underground structures, utilities, and other items indicated to be removed; together with soil, boulders, and other materials not classified as rock or unauthorized excavation.

a. Intermittent drilling; ram hammering; or ripping of material not classified as rock excavation is earth excavation.

2. Rock excavation includes removal and disposal of rock.

a. Do not excavate rock until it has been classified by Contracting Officer.

3.4 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

Revise tolerances to suit office practice.

A. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm). Extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections.

Revise subparagraph below if footings and foundations are placed on engineered fill.

1. Excavations for footings and foundations: Do not disturb bottom of excavation. Excavate by hand to final grade just before placing concrete reinforcement. Trim bottoms to required lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.

Delete subparagraph below if not required.

3.5 APPROVAL OF SUBGRADE

A. Notify Contracting Officer when excavations have reached required subgrade.

B. If Contracting Officer determines that unsatisfactory soil is present, continue excavation and replace with compacted backfill or fill material as directed.

1. Additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work.

Revise paragraph below to limit locations of proof rolling if required. Add minimum weight or type of equipment if better definition is needed.

C. Proof roll subgrade with heavy pneumatic-tired equipment to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Do not proof roll wet or saturated subgrades.

D. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Contracting Officer.

3.6 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION

Revise paragraph below to suit Project.

A. Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom elevation of concrete foundation or footing to excavation bottom, without altering top elevation. Lean concrete fill may be used when approved by Contracting Officer.

1. Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction or utility pipe as directed by Contracting Officer.

3.7 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow materials and satisfactory excavated soil materials. Stockpile soil materials without intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations.

3.8 BACKFILL

A. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

Delete or revise subparagraphs below to suit Project.

1. Construction below finish grade including, where applicable, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2. Surveying locations of underground utilities for record documents.

3. Inspecting and testing underground utilities.

4. Removing concrete formwork.

5. Removing trash and debris.

6. Removing temporary shoring and bracing, and sheeting.

3.9 FILL

Delete paragraph below if preparation is in Division 2 Section "Site Clearing."

A. Preparation: Remove vegetation, topsoil, debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface before placing fills.

B. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

C. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:

Delete any subparagraph below if not required. Revise materials to suit Project. Other materials, such as a drainage course or subbase or base courses, may still be required over fill.

1. Under walks and pavements, use satisfactory soil material.

2. Under steps and ramps, use engineered fill.

3. Under building slabs, use engineered fill.

Retain below if backfill or fill beneath footings and foundations is required. Coordinate material selection with geotechnical engineer's written recommendations.

4. Under footings and foundations, use engineered fill.

3.10 MOISTURE CONTROL

Revise percentage in paragraph below to follow geotechnical engineer's written recommendations. Replace "unit weight" with "density" if required.

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill layer before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.

1. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air-dry, otherwise satisfactory soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit weight.

3.11 COMPACTION OF BACKFILLS AND FILLS

Revise depth of layers in paragraph below to suit Project.

A. Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 8 inches (200 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches (100 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Place backfill and fill materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations, and uniformly along the full length of each structure.

Select paragraph above or below based on ASTM test method preferred. Replace "unit weight" with "density" if required.

C. Compact soil to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698:

Retain applicable subparagraphs below. Percentages of maximum dry unit weight are examples only; revise to suit Project. Delete scarifying and recompacting existing subgrade when proof rolling will suffice.

1. Under structures, building slabs, steps, and pavements, scarify and recompact top 12 inches (300 mm) of existing subgrade and each layer of backfill or fill material at 95 percent.

2. Under walkways, scarify and recompact top 6 inches (150 mm) below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill material at 92 percent.

3. Under unpaved areas, scarify and recompact top 6 inches (150 mm) below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill material at 85 percent.

3.12 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free from irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances.

B. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding. Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:

Revise subparagraphs below to suit Project.

1. Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm).

2. Walks: Plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm).

3. Pavements: Plus or minus 1/2 inch (13 mm).

C. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) when tested with a 10-foot (3-m) straightedge.

3.13 SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES

Delete this Article if not required. Delete paragraph below if separation fabric is not used.

A. Install separation fabric on prepared subgrade according to manufacturer's written instructions, overlapping sides and ends.

Delete paragraph above or below.

B. Under pavements and walks, place subbase course on prepared subgrade and as follows:

Retain applicable subparagraphs below with paragraph selected above. Delete separate base course if not used. Revise degree of compaction and compaction test from ASTM D 1557 to ASTM D 698 if required. Replace "unit weight" with "density" if required.

1. Place base course material over subbase.

2. Compact subbase and base courses at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 1557.

3. Shape subbase and base to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.

4. When thickness of compacted subbase or base course is 6 inches (150 mm) or less, place materials in a single layer.

5. When thickness of compacted subbase or base course exceeds 6 inches (150 mm), place materials in equal layers, with no layer more than 6 inches (150 mm) thick or less than 3 inches (75 mm) thick when compacted.

Delete below if not applicable or revise to suit Project. Replace "unit weight" with "density" if required.

3.14 DRAINAGE COURSE

Delete this Article if not required.

Delete paragraph above or below.

A. Under slabs-on-grade, place drainage course on prepared subgrade as follows:

Retain applicable subparagraphs below with paragraph selected above. Revise degree of compaction and compaction test from ASTM D 698 to ASTM D 4254 or ASTM D 1557 if required. Replace "unit weight" with "density" if required.

1. Compact drainage course to required cross sections and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698.

2. When compacted thickness of drainage course is 6 inches (150 mm) or less, place materials in a single layer.

3. When compacted thickness of drainage course exceeds 6 inches (150 mm), place materials in equal layers, with no layer more than 6 inches (150 mm) thick or less than 3 inches (75 mm) thick when compacted.

3.15 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing Agency: Engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering testing agency to perform field quality-control testing.

Delete or revise testing below to suit Project.

B. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work comply with requirements.

Delete or revise paragraph below to suit Project. Add other field tests, such as California bearing ratio of subgrades, subbases, and bases for paving, if required.

Revise paragraph below to suit Project.

C. Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable. Tests will be performed at the following locations and frequencies:

Frequencies of testing in subparagraphs below are examples only. Revise to suit Project.

1. Paved and Building Slab Areas: At subgrade and at each compacted fill and backfill layer, at least one test for every 2000 sq. ft. (186 sq. m) or less of paved area or building slab, but in no case fewer than three tests.

2. Foundation Wall Backfill: At each compacted backfill layer, at least one test for each 100 feet (30 m) or less of wall length, but no fewer than two tests.

3. Trench Backfill: At each compacted initial and final backfill layer, at least one test for each 150 feet (46 m) or less of trench length, but no fewer than two tests.

D. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to depth required; recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.

3.16 PROTECTION

A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions.

1. Scarify or remove and replace soil material to depth as directed by Contracting Officer; reshape and recompact.

C. Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.

1. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to the greatest extent possible.

3.17 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

Retain paragraph above or paragraph and subparagraph below.

A. Disposal: Transport surplus satisfactory soil to designated storage areas on NAFB property. Stockpile or spread soil as directed by Contracting Officer.

1. Remove waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off NAFB property.

END OF SECTION 02300

EARTHWORK

Page 02300 - 1 (16 June 2014)