DESIGN_CRITEIA_PACKAGE_-_Weedon_Schemstics.pdf

Weedon Island Preserve Cultural & Natural History Center

Deliverable Set 5, Part 1 of 2, Brief/Outline Museum Exhibits - Schematic Design

September 12th, 2022

Pinellas County Parks and Conservation

Resources Department

PO # 447679

WEEDON ISLAND PRESERVE CULTURAL & NATURAL HISTORY CENTER

SCHEMATIC INTERPRETIVE PLANS

DELIVERABLE 5 FINAL

September 12, 2022

This package includes the following documents which describe in words and form the reimagined exhibitions and center public spaces:

1. Floorplan

2. Detail Quadrant Floorplans

3. Elevations of all interpretive areas

4. Creative Visions for unique experiences

5. Brief Exhibition Outline

a. Sections are now denoted by numbers that coordinate between outlines, floorplans and elevations. This version supercedes all previous versions of outlines.

6. Research Outlines (4)

7. Terminology for Peoples section

8. Preliminary Mockups for Media and select media and Interactive experiences

a. See below for link to media schematic “views” of videos on Dropbox.

9. Preliminary Asset Inventories for Ecosystem & Rapid Transformation Images

10. Graphic Palette

11. Existing Conditions

MEDIA STORYBOARDS

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/rievej10z3qtgre/AADe8-FpvK_GrIAY48ttjhbIa?dl=0

Respectfully Submitted

Pattie Smith

PRESIDENT

FRINA DESIGN, INC.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/rievej10z3qtgre/AADe8-FpvK_GrIAY48ttjhbIa?dl=0

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 1

WEEDON ISLAND PRESERVE NATURAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY CENTER

BRIEF EXHIBITION OUTLINE_D5

Last Update: 9/12/22

Mission – The mission of the Weedon Island Preserve Cultural and Natural History Center is to empower citizens to make informed decisions about natural and cultural resources. Center programs interpret the natural, cultural and archaeological history of the preserve in order to demonstrate how the environment and people support and shape each other.

SECTION 100

ENTRY & LOBBY

100 Lobby Experience Renovation

101 Grand Title at Info Desk

102 Spirit Vision

103 Wayfinding

104 Desk Detail

105 Gift Shop

106 Theater/ Assembly Hall

107 Donor Recognition

No. Number Existing Prehistoric Canoe Display remains as is

108 Canoe Model Base

109 Painting Highlight

110 Column Interpretive Opportunity

111 Gallery Entry 3D LTRS

112 Mangrove Reface

113 Preserve Partners

113.1 Niche Welcome to Weedon

113.2 Niche Partners in Preservation

113.3 Niche Research on the Ground

113.4 Niche Programs & Activities (Optional MONITOR)

113.5 Niche Conservation & Science

113.6 Niche Join Us Today

114 Flooring Design

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 2

NOTE: Overall much of the original exhibit features, décor, models and experiences will remain in place. In an effort to improve the interpretive storyline several components have been moved or retired. The design team is addressing opportunities to use valued experiences.

SECTION 200

ENTRY & ECOSYSTEMS

NOTE: The ecosystem area will have minor structural changes however, the existing interpretation is reorganized and requires new sign system and graphics. The current (2006) copy will be included in the outline (or as separate documents) for inclusion (subject to editing for clarity, brevity and accuracy).

200 Gallery Entry (inside gallery)

201 Intro Background & Title

202 Intro Pylon

203 Intro to Ecosystem

204 Anchovy School / Bait ball Portal

205 Aquatic Community

206 Estuary Ecosystem

207 Tiny Treasures

208 A Productive Place

209 Seafood Counter

209b Seafood Shelves

209c Estuary Habitat Zone (1 of 3)

210 Something Fishy match puzzle

211a Seagrass Décor base graphic

211b Shore Scenic base & counter / resin display

212 Crabs: Up and Down

213 Life in the Shallows

214 Fishing Heritage

215 Catfish for dinner

216 Fisher Silhouette

217 Weedon’s Waterline

218 Hidey Hole

219 Oysters Anchoring the Estuary

220 Dock Diversity

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 3

221 Dock to Mangrove Mural

222 What’s Amuck in the Muck

223 A Zone of Change

224 Habitat Sign existing Illustrations

225 Tidal Life: To Move of Not to Move

226 Mangrove Mural

227 More than a Tree

228 A Protective Fringe

229 Tree ID: Red, Black, and White

230 Match Game

231 Rookeries

232 User Species

233 Mangrove Wrap Around Murals

233_sp Mangrove Crawl in Area

234a Awesome Adaptations

234b No Salt Please

234c Instructions

235_rr Mangrove Magic, Start and Breathing Underwater

236 Pneumatophores

237 Little Change = Big Variation

238 Mural Scenic upgrade

239 Circle of Life Above and Below Ground

240a Oak Tree

240b Pine Tree

241_rr Dig deep or spread out?

242 Soil Science

243a Nutrient Assembly Line (side a)

243b Ecosystem Salvage (side b)

244 High and Dry

245_av Walk in Weedon’s Wood

246 Gopher Tortoise Burrow

247 A Place of Refuge

248a Upland Mural

248b Species ID and relief sculpts

249 Storms bring Rain and Lightning

250 Nature’s Spring Cleaning

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 4

251_av Fire’s Benefits

252_rr Fires: A Natural Tool

253_xx Fire’s Benefits Match GAME

The numbering of the first few elements of the People section are listed here as the elements flow on the same wall following Ecosystems.

See Section 300 for continuation of People Interpretive Plan.

254 Ancient Land Clearing

254_sp Photo Palmettos on fire graphic

255_sp FIRE PIT FX

Note: Design moves fire media and messages closer to the “Peoples” section to create a connection between natural fire, native / cooking, charcoal tree burning, and pot firing as well as modern burns which mimic nature in a controlled fashion.

Reuse pine boughs and tree flats to create portal. Position so fire FX and 6d messages are easily seen past portal. Discussed keeping “flat tree silhouettes” as is; this allow fire stories more room for display (method to be determined. Possible design solution is to create “HOT SPOTS” on trees or floor with short messages related to fire use benefits by / for native people. The trees are generic and may not best represent the tree species they used.

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 5

SECTION 300

PEOPLE

300 Portal and Scenic Elements of Tableau

301 The Early People of Tampa Bay

302 Estuary Supports Lifeways

303 Something to Eat

304 Trade & Transportation

305 Build a Boat

306 Tools

307 *NEW* Flint-knapping photo/close up (was Silhouette – Carver)

308 Scenic Mural background

309 Shelter

310 Dwelling Silhouette in background

311 Expressions of Culture / Cultural Context

312 Potter Silhouette

313 Deer Silhouette

314 Weeden People

315 Shell ID

316 Filling Mound Silhouette

317 Mound building

318 Midden

319 Peer into the Past / Exploring the Middle of the Midden (interactive)

320 A Bigger View

321 Fire Hot Spots

322 Fire FX Scene & Sound

323 Background Wallpaper / Paint / Texture

324 Fire as a Tool

325 Cooking

326 Charcoal Kiln Fire

327 Temper – Gives Clay Strength

328 Nature’s Raw Materials

329 Decoration & How they decorated pottery

330 Pottery Puzzles (2022 version)

331 A Closer Look (Archaeology/Laboratory analysis

332 Bird’s Eye View of Village (mural)

333 Tent Portal

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 6

334 South Wallpaper Dig Scene

335 Header Graphics with texture

336 What is Archaeology?

337 Discovering Cultures

338 Progress for a Profession

339 Digging in Deeper

340 North Wallpaper Graphic (w/ dates)

341 From Fewkes

342 Excavating Weedon Island

343 Moving Forward

344 Cabinet & “Headline” Sign

345 In the News

346 Display base & Props

347 Hands-on History

348 Timeline wallpaper mural

349 Historic Context (sign?) TITLE

350 Paleo case and labels

351 Archaic case and labels

352 Woodland case and labels

353 Mississippi case and labels

354 European Contact

355 At Trail's End

356 Rapid Transformation Title sign

357 Overview of 1880-1980 period

358 Island gets a Name

359 Smithsonian Visitors

360 Dreams of Florida Rivera Dashed

361 A Center for Aviation

362 Shooting on Location

363 Power Comes to Weedon

364 Making a Grid

365 Changes to Ecosystem

367 Land Clearing and Development

368 The People Speak

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 7

SECTION 400

PRESERVE

400 Existing Mangrove Portal

401 Background Aerial view of WIP

402 Weedon: More than an island

403 What is a Preserve?

404 Ranger full color stand out

405 Why is this Preserve Important?

406 Caring for the Preserve

407 Species Spotlight: Seahorse

408 Seagrass, Saltern Restoration

409 Removing ditches, replant marshes

410 Managing Preserve for people

411 Protecting past Heritage

412 Protecting Endangered Species

413 Managing Invasive species

414 Managing Land with Fire

415 EI: Water Quality

416 EI: Sea level rise

417 EI: Habitat loss

418 EI: Invasive Species

419 Species Spotlight: Lichen

420 Air: Taken for Granted

421 Land: Soil, Rain and Pollution story

422 Watershed Story

422_av Watershed Interactive

423 Water Sustains Us: Estuary Story

424 Biodiversity display (mural vs photos)

425 WIP is an Oasis

426 Who lives here?

427 Where do people fit in?

428 Flora and Fauna Database

429 Flora & Fauna (mural) ID

430 Species Spotlight: Rivulus

431 Species Research and Monitoring

432 R&M at WIP database

433 A Conversation about Climate Change

Brief Exhibition Outline_D5_Final.docx 8

434 Introduction Statement

435 How is the climate changing?

436 Impacts in Pinellas County

437 Mitigation and Adaptation

438 Solutions at Home

439 I-Pad Stand Action station

440 She Shed Structure

441 Water is Precious

442 The Preserve at Home

443 Backyard Ecology

444 Nature is Good for You

445 Explore Pinellas County

446 EPC Selfie Station Mural

447 Be A Steward

448 Make an Impact

449 How to See More

450 Things to do Today

451 Explore Weedon Island Today

452 Photomural

SECTION 100

ENTRY & LOBBY

Last Update: 9-3-22

100 Lobby Experience Renovation

101 Grand Title at Info Desk

102 Spirit Vision

103 Wayfinding

104 Desk Detail

105 Gift Shop

106 Theater/ Assembly Hall

107 Donor Recognition

No. Number Existing Prehistoric Canoe Display remains as is

108 Canoe Model Base

109 Painting Highlight

110 Column Interpretive Opportunity

• Minor research required as these elements are all to be “mini-billboards” with short messages and limited design requirements.

• Create new structure / display graphics to surround two columns

• Up to six themes to be determined o About the Painting o Investigation Station

▪ Introduce a mascot/animal character o A Building Direction o A Preserve for Wildlife o A Place to Remember o We Dig Archaeology

111 Gallery Entry Title 3D LTRS

112 Mangrove Reface

113 Preserve Partners

Design Structural Changes

1. If possible, the “furniture” will remain in place and the panoramic photo refreshed with a very similar view. The condition of the panoramic and graphic images one both sides are in fair to good condition and as a cost saving measure may stay as is.

2. Graphic elements will be removed or refaced

3. All 3D sculpts will remain.

4. See document “Lobby Upgrades” for details

Plan C for Mangrove Panoramic display: (organized by activities) Initial Research and outline of “Partners” from 400 Preserve Section will be reorganized after Client approves general organization of niche themes (see above and elevation Sheet #43).

113.1 Niche Welcome to Weedon

State Mission (above) Collaboration is Critical

113.2 Niche Partners in Preservation

Partners in Preservation Listing all Partners – who they are eg FOWI – CSO, url, QR code

113.3 Niche Research on the Ground

In the Field or Research on the Ground Various cultural & scientific studies by tertiary partners at WIP

113.4 Niche Programs & Activities (Optional MONITOR)

Programs & Activities Inspiring Life-long Learning Programs by UF, Friends & AWIARE) Experience Nature Up-close Outside (trail map, vendors)

113.5 Niche Conservation & Science

Making a difference everyday Highlights of work partners are doing

113.6 Niche Join Us Today

Get Involved Info on all group activities & volunteer “jobs” Get more details at the Information Desk

114 Flooring Design

Above the gallery fire exit door; install a large “Exit” wayfinding sign?

END OF MAIN EXHIBIT RETURNS BACK HERE – THINK ABOUT CONTENT IN REVERSE.

NOTES: Include segue back to lobby; review of exhibit material in mangrove panorama

CURRENT CONTENT OUTLINE PREVIOUSLY IN PRESERVE – MOVED TO LOBBY

NEEDS TO BE REORGANIZED AND SIMPLIFIED.

A. Partnerships Benefit Us All

1. Volunteer Groups and Other Organizations are Essential Workers!

2. Raising Awareness for AWIARE;

a. founded in 2008 by Brent Weisman 1 and others?

b. Ongoing archaeological work and research that may illuminate the historic cultures that once called this place home.

c. Conducting work (research, digging etc) in a responsible way in order to learn more while minimizing damage to ecosystems & its’ inhabitants

d. Highlight research2 (2007-> to present + future planned projects)

i. 2007: USF St Pete focused on food and dating 50 items which showed the site not only active during the Weeden era but also through Safety Harbor and possibly as late as through Contact period (1500s).

ii. 2013-2015: U of Michigan examined domestic areas of the preserve including a house floor and found “lots of features”

iii. 2014-2016 AWIARE: Trying to recover history by examining, reconstructing and studying looters’ trench. Once complete they mapped the findings and the site, filled in the trenches and retired the site by planting native plants returning the site to Present day conditions.

iv. 2007 – 2014: Mention discovery of a 40’ foot saltwater canoe (circa 800- 1100AD) and its historic importance; ensure visitors didn’t miss it. Never hurts to repeat a good story.

e. Support Scholarship of archaeological studies and provide support to Undergraduate history studies with Grants

f. Promote camps (adults and kids) and describe a “day in the field”

g. Partnership Resource (?) with FPAN3 (FL Public Archaeology Network), Central

Gulf Coast Archaeology Society and various universities.

h. Preserving and documenting artifacts found on the island. Artifacts discovered before the establishment of AWIARE are housed at the Smithsonian or the Florida Museum of History. Since 2009 artifacts stored at their facility.

i. Investigate if objects (of lessor research value) could be put on view

i. AWIARE supports work that is beyond the Native Culture. Studies of the flora and fauna left in middens can help inform stories about climate change, sea level rise, health of ecosystems and a host of other themes that are critical to understand how our wildlife and habitats may need to change????

i. [I’m theorizing here….; talk to EM]

1 (AWIARE zoom date? with Jeff Moates of FPAN & Dr. Bob Austin)

2 Source: PDF AWIARE 2021 Annual Report / Dr. Austin and Report to County for Land Management Plan 3 https://www.fpan.us https://www.fpan.us/

j. Speaker Series & Outreach: goal to inform a wide ranging audience (not just locals or visitors to the island. (Currently limited to Zoom but historically held in the Auditorium)4

3. Friends of Weedon Island (established in 1992)

a. Dedicated volunteers fund special projects on behalf of the Preserve

i. Raised funds to Preserve Florida’s “longest” canoe found in the preserve

ii. Beautify the Center by funding artistic commissions such as A Glimpse through the Mangroves and the bronze Gopher Tortoise Sculpture.

b. Fund programs for children including camps, kayak trips and field trips.5

c. Advocate for ongoing projects to maintain, support and make the Center and

Preserve accessible and engaging for all visitors.

d. Lead adult education experiences and fundraising events

i. Leave space for Calendar that can be updated?

e. You can become a Friend too! Join the group and support the Preserve.

4. Other Support Groups

a. UF | IFAS Extension: provide leadership, management support and educational experts serving the community as a resource. [JP / Greg want emphasized]

b. County Volunteers: These front-line workers support the County by manning front desk; they connect with visitors and help to creat a positive experience as well as help inform the public about this natural resource. The volunteers also help operate the gift shop, etc. THE FOLLOWING FOR 2022 WIP MP PG 13

i. How many, does county track hours, other significant benefits

ii. J. VOLUNTEER SUPPORT SERVICES OF PCR

iii. A large team of volunteers assist staff with a wide variety of Preserve tasks. At WIPCNHC, volunteers often are visitors’ first contact.

Volunteers answer questions, perform general office work, lead guided hikes, and provide interpretation and general support. Trail maintenance, exotic vegetation maintenance, trash removal, and landscaping are some of the tasks volunteers complete in support of land management and general preserve work. Monitoring projects supported by volunteers include butterfly and bird counts, floristic surveys and archaeological surveys and mapping. Volunteers have an important role in supporting the management of the Preserve now, and in the future, due to financial limitations. Volunteers have provided

54,461 hours of support to the Preserve since 2012 (Table 1). Volunteer hours were greatly diminished in 2020 and 2021, as Pinellas County decided for the safety of the volunteers and staff that WIPCNHC would be closed to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONT’

iv. SCREEN SHOT OF NUMBER OF VOLS

4 Conversation with Liz Childress 1/7/2022

5 https://friendsofweedonisland.org/what-we-do/programs/ https://friendsofweedonisland.org/what-we-do/programs/

v. PCR works to increase our volunteer activity and support to WIPCNHC through increased numbers and volunteer hours. Staff is committed to growing the volunteers’ knowledge and expertise through training and seminars. Volunteers are encouraged to attend various educational opportunities presented at the Preserve. PCR also works with area universities to attract interns. Volunteer groups are encouraged for special events and clean ups, especially those who have a sustained interest in the environment.

vi. Additionally, a Lead Volunteer program is used to designate volunteers able to mentor volunteers under their area of expertise. The Lead

Volunteers must be certified to offer training to other volunteers on any equipment needed for a particular task.

c. USF – need to research role, relationship and significance

i. √ 2023 draft management document

d. FPAN – Collaborators with AWIARE

e. Central Gulf Coast Archaeological Society 6

f. SWFWMD

g. TBEP

h. FL SEA GRANT

i. DUKE ENERGY – Partners and Neighbors [JP / Greg want emphasized]

i. Collaborative relation – County monitors their conservation property and when new construction is warranted, County / AWIARE conduct investigations in the case of potential cultural assets.

j. Business Partnerships (not named since contractors can change)

i. Kayak Companies let visitors get out on the water.

ii. “Sensing Nature” Nature programs for youth are provided by an FWCC

SYCC contractor.7 They lead scouts, groups and tours through an experience that promote understanding of ecology, the environment, cultural significance of Weedon and how to be socially responsible.8

iii. Do you want to mention / promote?

iv. I think tapping into the program’s audience would be an excellent opportunity to hear what they think of the exhibits and the new plans.

6 https://cgcas.org 7 https://sensingnature.com/weedon-island--fyccn.html 8 From flyer picked up at Center.

https://cgcas.org/ https://sensingnature.com/weedon-island--fyccn.html

9/10/22 9:00 PM

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 1

ENTRY & ECOSYSTEMS

OVERVIEW

Overriding Messages The Ecosystems section takes a dive into the diverse organisms that live, visit, or influence the Weedon Island Preserve. It allows visitors to discover the richness of life that is around them, and how each organism impacts one another.

Structural Changes

1. In the lobby near the doorway a mascot/animal character should be introduced. Kids can look for the mascot graphic in the exhibit to find youth-centric interpretive content & experiences.

2. A new “portal” is incorporated between first and second areas of the gallery.

3. Removing defunct media and interactives. New experiences added in their spaces.

FULL OUTLINE: ECOSYSTEMS

NOTE: OUTLINE INCLUDES EXISTING TEXT [SHOWN IN RUST] WHICH WILL MOST LIKELY BE UPDATED, EDITED FOR LENGTH OR MESSAGES SHIFTED TO OTHER NEARBY SIGNS.

HIGHLIGHT TEXT INDICATES CLARIFICATION OR ADDITIONAL WORK NEEDED

NOTE: DESIGN INFO IS HIGHLIGHTED IN BLUE

SECTION 200 ENTRY & ECOSYSTEMS

200 Entrance Titles

EXPERIENCE WEEDON

A PLACE TO REMEMBER

201 Weedon Island Intro Statement (revised existing)

DESIGN: Lush underwater photo (on curved wall) of bay and seagrass beds continues the Lobby experience and transitions to the Ecosystem Portal. Theme: Introduction to major themes of full gallery Weedon Island Preserve Experience Our: Ecosystems–People–History–Preserve

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 2

202 Weedon is Where People & Place Connect (main sign)

EDIT EXISTING TEXT [Pattie has new version NOT IN OUTLINE]

Explore Weedon Island Preserve Connecting People and Place

Weedon Island Preserve is part of a dynamic coastal environment that transitions from water to land through a variety of ecosystems. Simply put, an ecosystem includes living plants, animals, and fungi as well as non-living components like soil, climate, and water. These living and not living parts function together as an intricate unit. The geographical size of ecosystems may vary, but the relationships between organisms and their environment are always complex.

Once an island, Weedon Island Preserve is mostly a low-lying peninsula today. Major ecosystems of the Preserve include seagrass beds, tidal swamps, and flatwoods. Natural forces have always shaped these ecosystems. Sea level changes, fires, and storms still leave their mark on the landscape today. In addition, human activities ranging from prehistoric mound building to modern road construction have impacted Weedon Island. Exploring the Preserve provides insight into the natural and cultural history of Pinellas County.

We now invite you to explore Weedon Island Preserve, an intriguing story about people and their environment. Become part of A Place to Remember.**

171 WORDS– CUT BY 50%

SIDEBAR PHOTO Lenticular

IMAGE OF OSPREY – 2 VIEWS CATCHING FISH

203 Explore Our Ecosystems

List of WIP main ecosystems: Aquatic/Esturine, Tidal Zone, Mangrove Forests, transitional niches and Upland habitats.

What is an Ecosystem?

“Simply put, an ecosystem is a geographical area where certain types of plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms, water, soil and climate interact together.” from copy in 2006 ex research binder

204_sp Anchovy bait ball portal (image only)

205 An Aquatic Community Diversity Abounds in Tampa Bay

DESIGN – background color remains – add new life size fish species (TBD) and ensure light FX is working well (does it need upgrading?). 3D lettering; note wall is curved.

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 3

206 Estuary Ecosystem: From Gulf and Bay Waters to the Shore

• Short intro to Tampa Bay / Estuary (overlap stories from “a productive place”)

• Tampa Bay is Florida's largest open-water estuary. It is 400 square miles, with a watershed more than five times that large, covering 2,200 square miles. On average, Tampa Bay measures only about 11 feet deep. However, many man-made shipping channels have been dredged to allow large ships a safe passageway.1

• Life in H2O (Estuarine habitat2)

• Fish & Cartilaginous species (200+/-)3

• The Estuary is a Nursery for many species including sharks4

• Introduce Seafood Supermarket concept (basic food webs)

• Fish ID (for overhead fish species) on fishing reel

Existing text from: Productive place sign Weedon Island Preserve is part of the Tampa Bay estuary. An estuary is a partially-enclosed body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean or bay. Tampa Bay is actually a composite of several ecosystems including seagrass beds, oyster reefs, mudflats, and tidal swamps.

Estuaries are considered among the most productive systems in Earth. As a complex web of life, they are fueled by their rich supply of organic material and nutrients.

From tampa bay brew original copy:

What’s in it for Us?

Anyone who has fished in Tampa Bay or eaten seafood at local restaurant will appreciate the value of plankton. As the staple of the estuary food web, plankton support our local fishing industry.

207 Tiny Treasures

Former: Tampa Bay Brew – plankton story

• What am I? Low tech interactive shows “adult” version of magnified creatures.

• How many species float in the water (individuals in big round number)

• # flip book coordinated with model #1-11 or 12); include full grown meroplankton

• Illustrate magnification concept. (compare average adult to known structure)

• Model Plankton

1 https://tbep.org/estuary/bay-snapshot/

2 https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_estuaries/est06_habitats.html

3 https://tbep.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Exploring-Tampa-Bay.pdf?x35790

4 https://baysoundings.com/legacy-archives/fall04/predators.html https://tbep.org/estuary/bay-snapshot/ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_estuaries/est06_habitats.html https://tbep.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Exploring-Tampa-Bay.pdf?x35790 https://baysoundings.com/legacy-archives/fall04/predators.html

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 4 o 100x magnification (group of Holoplankton)

▪ 1 Comb jelly (Ctenophore) (Mnemiopsis leidyi)

▪ 2 Copepod (Acartia tonsa)

▪ 3 Foraminifera (Globigerina sp.)

o 100x magnification (group of Meroplankton) from book

▪ 1 Barnacle Nauplius √√ number on case

▪ 2 Larval fish (various species)

▪ 3 Blue Crab Zoea

▪ 4 Eastern oyster (Veliger) can’t read scientific name)

▪ √ if echoniderm in the case (documentation has photo?).

o 1000x magnification (group of Phytoplankton)

▪ 1 Dinoflagellate (Ceratium sp.)

▪ 2 Diatom (Coscinodiscus sp.)

▪ 3 Diatom (Chaetoceros decipiens) *is this in the case?

▪ 4 Diatom (Skeletonema costatum)

• Basis of our food chain; without micro species = no food for baby fish or other aquatic species

(birds √√) or humans

• Oxygen Factories

DESIGN: LED Backlit the display to illuminate the sculptures (existing).

Need to inspect mounts and general condition for repairs if needed.

The ID #s are loose and have moved around. Need better solution on vertical display.

EXISTING TEXT

Tampa Bay Brew Tampa Bay is a brew of tiny, sometimes microscopic, organisms called plankton. A single quart of Bay water may contain as many as 1 million of these fascinating, often bizarrely-shaped, species that seem to belong more to science fiction than science.

Planktonic organisms largely rely on water currents and tides to drift long distances. Plankton serve as a critical link in the marine food chain. These drifters are food for many animals from the smallest barnacle to the largest fish.

What’s in it for Us?

Anyone who has fished in Tampa Bay or eaten seafood at local restaurant will appreciate the value of plankton. As the staple of the estuary food web, plankton support our local fishing industry.

Much of the Tampa Bay economy depends on commercial and recreation fishing. Thousands of jobs and millions of dollars rely on fish and shellfish species. Isn’t it amazing that something as small as plankton plays sinch a big role in our local economy?

Plankton Forever

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 5

Zooplankton are the “animals” of the plankton community. Although they largely drift on tides and currents, zooplankton are capable of complex feeding and fleeing movements. The two major types of zooplankton are holoplankton and meroplankton.

Holoplankton spend their entire lives suspended in water. In Tampa Bay, copepods, which are tiny relatives of crabs and lobsters, are one of the most numerous holoplankton organisms.

Some copepods feed on phytoplankton. In turn, they are an important food source for many small fish, shrimp, oysters, and mussels.

100x magnification (group of Holoplankton) 1 Comb jelly (Ctenophore) (Mnemiopsis leidyi) 2 Copepod (Acartia tonsa) 3 Foraminiferan (Globigerina sp.)

MISSING PHOTO OF other 100x MODELS & id text; partial see DSC00599.jpg (group of Meroplankton) 1 Barnacle Nauplius √√ number on case 2 Larval fish (various species) 3 Blue Crab Zoea 4 Eastern oyster (Veliger) can’t read scientific name)

1000x magnification (group of phytoplankton) [see DSC04737.jpg] 1 Dinoflagellate (Ceratium sp.)

2 Diatom (Coscinodiscus sp.)

3 Diatom (Chaetoceros decipiens) **is this in the case; documents indicate scale too big?

4 Diatom (Skeletonema costatum)

Single-celled Oxygen Factories Phytoplankton are single-celled photosynthetic organisms. This means they make their own food, using energy from the sun. They give off oxygen as a by-product. Phytoplankton provide more oxygen than all plant life of Earth. They are vital in maintaining the earth’s atmosphere.

JP request: ADD red tide (microscopic algae responsible for Florida red tide is Karenia brevis – libby blog5

208 A Productive Place - about the estuary’s food chain & species

Seagrass Beds, Tampa Bay species (3) and eaters.

• Seagrass Strong (why we need it; stabilize shores)6

5 https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/pinellasco/2014/09/19/living-with-red-tide/ 6 https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2019/09/25/seagrass-ocean-unsung-hero/?ea.tracking.id=20HPXGJAXX&gclid=CjwKCAiA55mPBhBOEiwANmzoQp7-

SgRHUikfUBQjD_uh8Baha_IQUuJtoiUPlQGODBLwSTrKqegJjBoCxVEQAvD_BwE https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2019/09/25/seagrass-ocean-unsung-hero/?ea.tracking.id=20HPXGJAXX&gclid=CjwKCAiA55mPBhBOEiwANmzoQp7-SgRHUikfUBQjD_uh8Baha_IQUuJtoiUPlQGODBLwSTrKqegJjBoCxVEQAvD_BwE https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2019/09/25/seagrass-ocean-unsung-hero/?ea.tracking.id=20HPXGJAXX&gclid=CjwKCAiA55mPBhBOEiwANmzoQp7-SgRHUikfUBQjD_uh8Baha_IQUuJtoiUPlQGODBLwSTrKqegJjBoCxVEQAvD_BwE https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2019/09/25/seagrass-ocean-unsung-hero/?ea.tracking.id=20HPXGJAXX&gclid=CjwKCAiA55mPBhBOEiwANmzoQp7-SgRHUikfUBQjD_uh8Baha_IQUuJtoiUPlQGODBLwSTrKqegJjBoCxVEQAvD_BwE

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 6

• Provides habitat for many smaller species and hiding spots from larger predators. Animals such as seahorses, crabs, small fish, snails, etc. live within the blades of the seagrass “forest”

• Food for manatees, sea turtles7 and acts as a serving platter of detritus upon which small invertebrates or other organisms feast upon.

• Five Species found in Tampa Bay with 3 seen here: Turtle grass Thalalssia testudinum, Manatee grass Syringodium filiforme, and Shoal grass Halodule wrightii are among the most common near WIP.

• Producer / Consumer Story

A Productive Place

Weedon Island Preserve is part of the Tampa Bay estuary. An estuary is a partially-enclosed body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean or bay. Tampa Bay is actually a composite of several ecosystems including seagrass beds, oyster reefs, mudflats, and tidal swamps.

CUT & PASTE CROSSED OUT TEXT IN ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW

Estuaries are considered among the most productive systems in Earth. As a complex web of life, they are fueled by their rich supply of organic material and nutrients.

NOTE SOME OF THIS TEXT RELEVANT TO FIRST INTRO TO AQUATIC / ALSO MISSING THE NUTRIENT

STORY

Many species rely on estuaries for food and shelter. Some organisms, such as seahorses, are only found in seagrass beds. Still others travel throughout the estuary, even into upland ecosystems, to meet their daily needs.

As you delve into these exhibits, think about the variety of species that move easily from one ecosystem to another. Also consider those that depend on specific parts of Tampa Bay for their survival.

NOTE 4 RELIEF SCULPTS ON SIGN MAY BE REUSED (screwed on but may also be glued?)

REPURPOSE AS A TACTILE EXPERIENCE FOR LITTLE ONES: OSPREY, BROWN PELICAN, SEAHORSE, MANATEE.

209a Estuary Zone

• Background storyline to introduce supermarket theme.

• Tampa Bay isnt’ just life on the edges; it is a big complex of mini-ecosystems which ebb and flow to support a diversity of life.

Add illustration of zone (1 of 3) either on 208 OR as part of 209 pending copy writing

209b Seafood Supermarket

7 https://www.naturecoaster.com/help-conserve-florida-wildlife/ [photo] https://www.naturecoaster.com/help-conserve-florida-wildlife/

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 7

INTEGRATE INTO 206-208 UNITS (and perhaps others)

REQUIRES MAJOR EDIT OF TEXT TO MOST SIMPLE MESSAGES

EXISTING TEXT 2-SIDED “Spinner” SIGNS

Shopping for Nutrients (ANGLED HANDLE WITH INTRO AT BOTTOM; IT’S SAME ON BOTH SIDES)

All organisms need nutrients for growth and survival. We obtain food from grocery stores.

Other organisms shop in the marketplace of the Preserve to satisfy their nutritional requirements.

Three major categories of organisms continually cycle nutrients through the ecosystem:

producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers and consumers pass nutrients up the food chain. Decomposers recycle nutrients and make them available at the base of the food chain.

From microscopic bacteria to bottlenose dolphins, all shoppers play a role in this ongoing nutrient cycle.

NOTES:

The turning handrail has the “orientation message” and the top section has some details.

Critically – the terms consumer, producer and decomposers are not well defined and the analogy of store, marketplace don’t make much sense.

The term nutrient is not defined (So does a 7-year-old know what a nutrient is? They are learning to read food nutrition labels so we could make connection to Nutrient to food sources and too many veggies all at once is not good for your belly…)

SIDE A

Re-stocked by Recyclers

When producers and consumers die, they are broken down by numerous decomposers. These organisms are some of the most important, but often overlooked, organisms in any ecosystem.

Decomposition takes place in two steps: mechanical and chemical. In the estuary, crabs shred leaf litter and other debris into small pieces that further broken down by microscopic organisms. Many snails are scavengers, feeding on dead material. Bacteria, however, are the principal decomposers in the watery marketplace. As they break down debris into chemical components, bacteria release much-needed nutrients back into the system.

The recyclers re-stock the estuary’s “shelves” with nutrients, making them available for producers.

Leaf litter and other debris:

Mechanical decomposition

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 8

Crabs and other shredders:

Mechanical decomposition

Snails and other scavengers:

Mechanical and Chemical decomposition

Bacteria:

Chemical decomposition

SIDE B

From Many to Few

The estuary has numerous food chains, some complex and some simple. Each chain transfers nutrients through a web of interactions among producers, consumers, and decomposers.

The first links in a food chain are producers. Subsequent links include composers to make an elaborate food web. In the estuary, the producers far outnumber the consumers. For example it takes billions of plankton to feed a small school of mullet, which in turn keeps one snook satisfied.

Most organisms feed on, or are consumed by, a variety of species. This results in a complex web of interconnected food chains.

Meat and Seafood Counter Third-level consumers food on second-level consumers. This level includes top predators such as osprey, and bull sharks. While not a top predator, another third level consumer is the least tern, which plucks anchovies from the Bay.

Photo of Least tern and photo credit (can’t read text)

Snack Foods Second-level consumers eat first-level consumers. Anchovies use combs on their gills to sift large amounts of zooplankton from the water. Barnacles also feed on zooplankton, using feathery feet to capture them from surrounding water.

Photo of Least tern and photo credit (can’t read text)

The Produce Section Called producers, photosynthetic organisms make food on the form of sugar, using energy from the sun. They are the first level in most food chains. In the estuary, phytoplankton and seagreassers are examples of Tampa Bay’s primary producers.

Photo of Anchovy and photo credit (can’t read text)

Vegetarian Fare

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 9

Feed on the producers in the estuary of the first-level consumers. Examples of first-level consumers are zooplankton, which feeds on phytoplankton and manatees that feed on seagrasses.

Photo of TBD and photo credit (can’t read text)

210 Fish Matching Game (repurpose spinner tube / space) Youth oriented puzzle features catfish, snook and

210_s Decorative seating for caregivers and little ones

211a Graphic new CHPL of seagrass to sandy bottom – reface curved base (portion of existing broken) Photo or detail rendering of subject to be determined.

211b Scenic-work; transform mound into shallow water scene (shells, etc. embedded in resin).

Build out base as necessary to create stable art form.

212 Crabs: Multi Level Living

• Sharing Resources Top to Bottom [note the levels are from existing sign however they don’t necessarily live on top of one another….right?]

• Crabs feed on a variety of plants and animals

• Fun or bio fact for each “pull up” Q&A

▪ Mangrove Crab (penthouse) see text below

▪ Blue Crab (basement) see text below but think it should say the blue in the middle…

▪ Fiddler crab (existing sign/photo caption says middle but no interpretive info on sign?)

fiddler burrow underground about 12” deep…

• For youth: Q&A “what do you call a group of fiddler crabs? A: a “troop”!8

▪ Horseshoe Crab

• Despite its name, it isn’t a crab at all. Isn’t a crustacean either. More closely related to spiders and scorpians!9

8 https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/invertebrates/fiddler-crab/

9 https://myfwc.com/research/saltwater/crustaceans/horseshoe-crabs/facts/ https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/profiles/invertebrates/fiddler-crab/ https://myfwc.com/research/saltwater/crustaceans/horseshoe-crabs/facts/

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 10

Existing text Crabs: Multi-level Living

Did you know that crabs live in their own version of a condominium complex?

Like people living in multi-level apartment buildings, crab species at Weedon Island Preserve occupy different levels of mangroves. Each level of the tidal swamp has different resources for food and shelter.

In the basement, blue crabs swim in the water around mangrove roots. Just above the surface of the water, fiddler crabs scramble along the mud’s surface. Mangrove crabs climb throughout the leafy penthouse of the mangrove canopy.

The crabs that live at each level have special adaptations to take advantage of their “floor” of the mangrove system.

SO tell them WHAT THE HECK THE ADAPTATIONS ARE or not…

213 Shell Life in the Shallows

Feature species: periwinkle, venus clam, etc. as well as other organisms and texture

214 Fishing Heritage (mount to existing “tombstone”)

• From ancient people to present day people have “fished” from shores and boats using somewhat similar tools like nets and fishhooks.

• Tampa Bay was once known as one of the finest fishing in the U.S. and according to historic accounts, it was so full of fish some vessels were impeded.10

• Tampa Bay was historically bountiful but water quality changes, pollution and over fishing have limited the fisheries numbers.

• Photos of people fishing circa 1910 – 1950

Harding Family collection

10 https://hillsborough.wateratlas.usf.edu/upload/documents/OldTampaBaylit.pdf https://hillsborough.wateratlas.usf.edu/upload/documents/OldTampaBaylit.pdf

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 11

215 Catfish for Dinner (near silhouette)

• Tampa Bay is a very popular fishing area though many fish for sport rather than food.

• Current popular fish to eat include bass, bluegill, snapper varities, grouper, and others11, while the Weeden People favored catfish, jack cravelle, sheepshead, spotted seatrout, mullet and pufferfish.

• Eating fish is an important part of a healthy diet

• Humans are part of the natural community; we are apex consumers

216 Modern-day “fisher” silhouette on shore

217 Weedon’s Waterline

Introduction to the various habitats and subjects following

• Oysters live in beds, flats and on mangrove roots

• Dock & Domes are manmade habitat that fish and inverts utilize

• Muck is a Motel for diverse organisms

• Tidal Areas – Ups and Downs

• Mangrove Swamps

Photos of environment and species not featured in scenic area

217xx Reef Ball DESIGN: refresh / clean existing reef ball. Repair and add new oysters as needed.

Add several hardy creatures to interior if possible (sea star, others tbd)

217d1 Dock Scenic

DESIGN: Dock improvements include: repair, additional models, and refresh spat bag to make more “alive” (add color). Clean all components. Remove Kayak or keep?

217d2 Add a few of 2x fish models & 2x size fishing line / hook and bobber?

Create a scene beyond the dock to connect it to the mangrove section. Show underwater, tide zone, shoreline mangrove islands in forced perspective. Painting or CGI to be determined along with other scenic work in all displays.

218 Hidey Holes (Oyster Dome)

11 https://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthy-weight/nutrition/seafood-consumption/_documents/fish-advisory-big-book.pdf https://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthy-weight/nutrition/seafood-consumption/_documents/fish-advisory-big-book.pdf https://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthy-weight/nutrition/seafood-consumption/_documents/fish-advisory-big-book.pdf

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 12

Text edit as needed SEE LINK in footnote12 ABOUT TBEP NO LONGER CALLS THEM DOMES… NOW CALLED REEF BALLS WHICH IS EQUALLY CONFUSING…because most people likely associate reefs with the keys and pretty corals. Or am I wrong?

• Humans helping Nature (photo of installation) see link above for photos / information

• Where on Weedon Island do we have oyster / reef balls?

• Who’s hiding in the holes? peek into dome to see fish, sea stars, and others.

Useful Domes <existing title; here’s new option: From Concrete to a Community

Oyster domes provide habitat for oysters, fish, crabs and other aquatic life in Tampa Bay.

Placed along seawalls and shorelines the domes help to reduce shoreline erosion, restore hard bottom habitat and improve water quality.

219 Oysters Anchoring the Estuary

EDIT EXISTING TEXT & SEE LINK / FOOTNOTE ABOUT TBEP NO LONGER CALLS THEM DOMES…

NOW CALLED REEF BALLS WHICH IS EQUALLY CONFUSING.

• Map of WIP oyster beds [or reefs?]

• Oyster cluster photo

• Q&A how much water does an oyster filter in 24 hours?

A: 3-12 gallons or as many as 50 in the best condition13 Or A: 20-50 gallons14

Oysters: Anchoring the Estuary In the estuary, oysters are nature’s filters, anchors, and building blocks.

Oysters capture food and other particles from the water. In their filter-feeding process, water is cleansed. Oysters also help clear the water by anchoring and stabilizing the shifting sand and mud of the sea floor.

Acting as building blocks, oysters form the foundation for Tampa Bay’s reefs. With many nooks and crevices, oyster reefs can create up to 50 times the surface area of an equally-sized sandy sea floor. Reefs provide habitat for animals including barnacles, worms, snails, shrimp, and crabs. At low tide, oyster reefs are exposed, providing a food supply for water birds and raccoons.

12 https://tampabaywatch.org/restoration/oyster-communities/oyster-reef-balls/

13 https://www.bayjournal.com/news/fisheries/pumped-up-performance-oysters-filtering-feat-overstated/article_bbe67d38-8f09-11ea-a5ab-5fd7465dee21.html

14 https://tbep.org/get-involved/volunteer/vertical-oyster-garden/ https://tampabaywatch.org/restoration/oyster-communities/oyster-reef-balls/ https://www.bayjournal.com/news/fisheries/pumped-up-performance-oysters-filtering-feat-overstated/article_bbe67d38-8f09-11ea-a5ab-5fd7465dee21.html https://www.bayjournal.com/news/fisheries/pumped-up-performance-oysters-filtering-feat-overstated/article_bbe67d38-8f09-11ea-a5ab-5fd7465dee21.html https://tbep.org/get-involved/volunteer/vertical-oyster-garden/

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 13

All things considered, oysters play an important role in support the Tampa Bay ecosystem.

220 Dock Diversity (redo ID signs; check if Latin names are required)

• Manmade structures like docks provide a place for small organisms to settle. This home community attracts other fish who may be looking for a bite or to hide from even larger predators.

• Look at the variety of creatures!

• Photo and caption of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in the veliger (model in 207) or spat phase; PS to ask Roy if he has any SEM images

• Option to make a graphic of the scene and put ID with silhouettes on the sign.

Decorator Worm

EXISTING TEXT (on dock piling) remove and put on new 220 sign.

Feeling flat? Add Spat! NOTE: WHAT DOES FLAT HAVE TO DO WITH ANYTHING?

Spat are free-floating juvenile oysters that need to attach to a solid surface to begin changing into an adult. Oyster shell-filled spat bags provide this solid surface for spat and encourage the formation of oyster reefs.

EXISTING TEXT MODEL IDs Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginicum

Spat Bags

Crown conch Melongena corona

Decorator worm NOTE – THIS “WORM” IS BUSTED. NEEDS REPAIR Diopatra sp.

Ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa

Barnacle Balanus sp.

WITH NEW DESIGN AND READING RAIL WE PROBABLY CAN OMIT THIS SIGN.

Caution Do Not Climb With symbol Wet surfaces may be slippery

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 14

221 DESIGN: mural of forced perspective image / photo “shopped” scene with 2’ tide line line FX Takes the dock scene (at 2Xs to smaller than life size mangrove areas).

222 Mudflats: What Amuck in the Muck?

DESIGN: Interactive to be retired; reimagine as low tech graphic

• Interpretive messages stay the same with edits for space

• Worms & other secretive creatures (not featured on interactive).

• Signs of Life (how to find ** in text below)

• Pending photo searches – draw cut away “dwellings” and creatures (scientific level)

• 4 species info on pull up or slide down

Ghost Shrimp

EXISTING TEXT SIGN AND 4 PULLOUTS

Mudflats:

What’s Amuck in the Muck?

Just below the surface of mudflats, a lot of activity goes on in this surprisingly rich ecosystem.

Hidden here is a diverse world of organisms that make their home in the sandy muck. Many mud-dwellers are burrowers. They feed from the safety of their tunnels. Burrowing helps move the nutrients and oxygen through sediments. Like tiny tractors, these species till mudflats, making this ecosystem suitable for other residents.

Organisms living in the muck are indicators of the health of Tampa Bay. Healthy mudflats contain a variety of species. Pollution trapped in the muck harms mud-dwellers, reducing their numbers and their ability to process sediments.

Mudflats can be seen from several places along the boardwalk. A close look** will reveal signs of life’s diversity just beneath the muck’s surface.

Lugworm

(Arenicola cristata)

Lugworms form J-shaped burrows. The head of the worm is at the end of the burrow, and its tail is at the opening. These worms ingest sand as they continually search for food.

The entrance to the burrow is identified by a worm cast. Worm casts are piles of sand that the lugworm has already used.

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 15

Jackknife clam (Ensis minor)

Jackknife clams burrow through the sandy mud of the estuary at a rapid pace. There are reports of jack knife clams that have disappeared beneath the surface in just 15 seconds!

By compressing and extending its foot, the jackknife clam forces its way down through the sand like a wedge. The foot then enlarges by filling with blood, forming an anchor in the muck.

Trumpet worm (Pectinaria gouldii)

Trumpet worms are also known as ice cream cone worms because they form a small tube of sand that bears a striking resemblance to an ice cream cone.

The animal sifts through the sediment, taking in microscopic particles of food and discarding the unwanted material.

Ghost shrimp (Sergio trilobata)

Ghost shrimp burrow in the sandy mud of Tampa Bay. Their burrows range from simple and straight to complex and branching. These shrimp are an important part of the estuary.

During feeding and burrow construction, they continuously process sediments. This allows nutrients and oxygen to mix into the muck, leading to a healthy ecosystem.

223 A Zone of Change

• Tampa Bay is flat and shallow; the tides go up and down about 2’ sometimes twice a day

• low tide exposes large areas of habitats (photo)

• Here creatures are adapted to going with the ebb and flow of tides

• Adaptations: include sessile and mobile (and others); tertiary message pulled from Tidal Life

• Tertiary message – Salt (tidal) marshes no longer thrive near WIP; why?

• Animals such as raccoon, osprey and others come to feed at the water’s edge at low tide.

o Reuse 4 sculpts on reading rail for tactile experience.

• Sidebar: What makes the water level go up and down? Gravitational pull from the moon.

o They are caused by the gravitational forces exerted on the earth by the moon, and to a lesser extent, the sun. When the highest point in the wave, or the crest, reaches a coast, the coast experiences a high tide. When the lowest point, or the trough, reaches a coast, the coast experiences a low tide.15

EXISTING TEXT 2 SIGNS (combine in edit) AND 4 RELIEF SCULPTS (move to reading rail) A Zone of Change

15 https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tidefrequency.html https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tidefrequency.html

Detailed Research_Ecosystems_D5_FINAL.docx 16

Where the waters of Tampa Bay meet the land lies a ribbon of constant change. This area between high and low tide is called an intertidal zone. The organisms that live here must adapt to the daily cycle of rising and falling water.

In Tampa Bay, the average tidal range is about two feet. The Bay’s flat landscape or topography means that large areas of mudflats, oyster reefs, and mangrove swamps are uncovered at low tide.

Osprey Pandion haliaetus

Racoon Procyon lotor

Behaviors of intertidal residents change as the tides fluctuate. Most feed actively at high tide. At low tide, these same residents hunker down to avoid predation by visiting birds and mammals.

Every visit to this ribbon of change provides us with a different glimpse into the lives of organisms adapted to the dynamic intertidal zone.

Green Anole Anolis carolinensis

Mangrove Water Snake Nerodia clarkii

224 Add illustration of zone (2 of 3) on existing base plus 4 sculpts

225 Optional sign may be omitted for space especially if film can be added Edit existing and add photos

• Barnacles

• Snails

• Crabs

• Sponges

• Tunicates

Mangrove Tunicates

EXISTING TEXT…