ATT Mobility - FirstNet Authority Emergency Management Guide.pdf

EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT

RESOURCE GUIDE

September 2024

The FirstNet Authority was established in light of 9/11 to lead the creation of a dedicated nationwide broadband network using spectrum set aside for the public safety community (Band 14). Through a combination of government, commercial, and public safety partnerships, we are committed to delivering a network and supporting an ecosystem of apps, devices, and capabilities that are innovative, reliable, accessible, and secure. By modernizing public safety communications with our partners, we can help responders keep America safe — every day and in every emergency.

To learn more, visit FirstNet.gov.

During a simulated rescue, Virginia Communications Cache teams placed FirstNet Wi-Fi hotspots at the mouth of a cave and ran fiber reels over 1,000 feet inside, bringing wireless capabilities for computers and cellphones. The teams used push-to-talk apps on FirstNet to communicate via radio channels and streamed video back to the local communications center.

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GUIDE CHANGE LOG

Section Change Last Update

What is FirstNet? Added FirstNet categories: Primary, Extended Primary, Agency Paid, Subscriber Paid; Added 5G description

September 2023

What is FirstNet? Added information about investments September 2024

Section 1 Updated content on Wireless Priority Service

(WPS)

September 2023

Section 2 Updated guidance on how to request a deployable

June 2022

Section 2 Major update September 2024

Section 3 Updated language regarding Advanced Network Status Tool capabilities

June 2022

Section 4 Updated descriptions of Uplift and Uplift Request Tool

June 2022

Section 5 Added language on 5G and FirstNet September 2023

Section 7 Added planning considerations June 2022

Section 10 Add information about Boulder FirstNet Lab September 2024

Appendix B Added new definitions September 2023

Appendix C Re-formatted deployables best practices guide

June 2022

September 20244

The New Hampshire Department of Safety worked with private healthcare organizations and state and local agencies to set up large testing and vaccination sites. “Go-kits” with cameras, battery packs, routers with FirstNet SIM cards, and other internet-based devices were used to oversee and coordinate the operation. The ability to stream video footage to unified command was critical to decision-making.

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CONTENTS

GUIDE CHANGE LOG

PURPOSE

WHAT IS FIRSTNET?

SECTION 1: RESPONDING WITH FIRSTNET

SECTION 2: MISSION CRITICAL SOLUTIONS

SECTION 3: UNDERSTANDING THE FIRSTNET DEPLOYABLE PROGRAM

SECTION 4: NETWORK ENHANCEMENTS UNIQUE TO FIRSTNET

SECTION 5: USING THE NETWORK STATUS TOOL

SECTION 6: USING THE UPLIFT REQUEST TOOL

SECTION 7: FIRSTNET DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS FOR EVERYDAY USE

SECTION 8: USING A FIRSTNET DEVICE CACHE

SECTION 9: INCORPORATING FIRSTNET INTO YOUR COMMUNICATIONS PLANS

SECTION 10: NETWORK EXPERIENCE ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX A: CONTACT GUIDE

APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C: BEST PRACTICES FOR USING FIRSTNET DEPLOYABLES

APPENDIX D: FIRSTNET DEPLOYABLE REQUEST FORM

APPENDIX E: SAMPLE ICS 205A FORM INCORPORATING FIRSTNET DEVICES

September 20246

The City of Boulder used its FirstNet Compact Rapid Deployable to respond to the 2022 NCAR Fire in Colorado. In an area where they normally don't have great coverage, in fifteen minutes they were up and running, coordinating evacuations on their phones and laptops.

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PURPOSE

This Emergency Management Resource Guide is intended to be a reference for Emergency Managers to use the products, services, and capabilities of the Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network (NPSBN) or “FirstNet.”

FirstNet service is provided by AT&T under a 25-year contract with the First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet Authority), an independent authority of the federal government.

Our mission, as mandated by Congress, is to ensure the buildout, deployment, and operation of the NPSBN. For more information on the FirstNet Authority, see FirstNet.gov. For more information on AT&T’s delivery of FirstNet services, see FirstNet.com.

With increasing numbers of emergency management agencies (EMAs), law enforcement, fire service, emergency medical services (EMS), emergency communications, and other partners in public safety response using FirstNet, this guide provides an overview of certain features and functions that Emergency Managers might use in their daily and emergency response roles. Many of the topics covered in this guide are applicable for coordinating response in the field or when an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has been activated.

Where practical, the guide includes reference links and suggestions for Emergency Managers to obtain additional information on a topic. FirstNet users can also find help with their FirstNet accounts and features on FirstNet.com, through the FirstNet Central portal, by contacting their AT&T FirstNet Solution Consultant, or by calling the FirstNet Customer Care line at 1-800- 574-7000. FirstNet Authority Public Safety Advisors can be contacted at FirstNet.gov/advisor.

For more information about Emergency Management and FirstNet, visit FirstNet.gov/EM.

September 20248

WHAT IS FIRSTNET?

The Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 created the FirstNet Authority, an independent agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The FirstNet Authority’s mission is to ensure the establishment and continuing operation and improvement of the NPSBN, and in 2017, the FirstNet Authority contracted with AT&T to build, operate, and maintain the network. The legislation creating FirstNet also allocated 20 megahertz (MHz) of spectrum, known as Band 14, to the FirstNet Authority to ensure a dedicated nationwide network is built to meet the needs of public safety.

Today, FirstNet provides a reliable broadband communications network that is available in all 50 states, 5 territories, and the District of Columbia, including Tribal lands. For Emergency Managers as well as front-line first responders, the availability of the FirstNet network provides secure, prioritized communications before, during, and after incidents, whether they are routine responses, major disasters, or pre-planned events and exercises.

In February 2024, the FirstNet Authority and AT&T announced an $8 billion investment initiative that will evolve and expand the FirstNet public safety communications network. The FirstNet Authority will invest $6.3 billion through its network contract with AT&T and anticipates an additional $2 billion for ongoing investments in coverage enhancements for public safety. These strategic investments will expand and evolve FirstNet so public safety stays at the forefront of innovative, lifesaving technologies.

With the initial buildout of FirstNet completed and validated as of December 2023, this investment initiative will continue to expand access to public safety’s Band 14 spectrum in the near term, with plans for additional coverage enhancements on a recurring basis. The FirstNet Authority will work closely with public safety across the states, territories, and tribal lands to ensure future coverage enhancements maximize investment dollars and make the biggest impact to public safety operations.

The Chesapeake Fire Department’s Office of Emergency Management in Virginia uses FirstNet-enabled tablets to support their emergency management damage assessments in the field.

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Broadband Technologies for Public Safety As public safety’s role continues to evolve — from natural and man-made emergencies to civil unrest, protests, and pandemic response — agencies have had to adapt to these new challenges. In doing so, the technology supporting responders through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation has matured, allowing for enhanced awareness and collaboration.

As wireless broadband technologies have become more ubiquitous, more agencies are choosing to use tools and resources powered by the FirstNet network. Tens of thousands of public safety agencies across the country use the FirstNet network for their critical communications needs, transmitting voice calls, text messages, and secure data over the only dedicated public safety network built specifically for first responders. Law enforcement agencies, fire departments, emergency medical services, emergency communications centers (ECCs), and emergency management agencies all rely on FirstNet for their daily and emergency operations.

No matter if the response is to a local mutual aid event or an Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) deployment assisting in a national emergency, FirstNet is the means by which responders in the field can communicate with each other and share situational awareness with Emergency Management Coordinators in their EOCs.

Who Can Use FirstNet FirstNet is available to traditional public safety agencies and to many of their partners who assist in emergency response.

Primary users are public safety entities that serve as first responders — the agencies that are involved in the initial stages of emergency response operations. This includes law enforcement, fire protection services, emergency medical services, emergency communications centers, and emergency management. Extended Primary users are those agencies, organizations, and non-profit or for-profit companies that provide public safety services in support of Primary users.

Agency-Paid FirstNet users are employees and contractors of a Primary public safety entity, where the employer pays for the FirstNet service on behalf of their users. FirstNet is also available for individuals to purchase on their own through the Subscriber-Paid program, where users are either verified employees or volunteers of a Primary public safety entity, or certain employees of an eligible Extended Primary entity.

These broad categories of eligibility provide many options for public safety agencies and their partners to take advantage of FirstNet service. The tools outlined in this Resource Guide are intended to help Emergency Managers get the most out of FirstNet’s capabilities for communicating efficiently and effectively with all agencies that are part of an emergency response.

FirstNet and 5G Wireless networks continually evolve, as we see 4G LTE give way to newer 5G communication technologies.

The FirstNet Authority recognized the need to address 5G evolution and approved network investments to support initial generational upgrades to enable 5G network capabilities. These initial investments have supported AT&T’s upgrades to the dedicated FirstNet network core to enable reliable 5G connectivity, resulting in access to 5G spectrum bands. Today, FirstNet users in select cities can access high-band 5G+ spectrum, mid-band 5G+, or low-band 5G.

Mid-band 5G+ offers ultra-fast speeds and wide geographic coverage. Low-band 5G can travel farther and penetrate buildings and infrastructure better than high-band 5G+.

The investment announced by FirstNet Authority in February 2024 marked the start of the transition to a full 5G network, enabling FirstNet to keep pace with current evolutions in technology and 3GPP standards-based mission critical advancements. The planned 5G network upgrades will generate faster speeds, increase capacity, enhance the quality of service for FirstNet users, and drive innovations in 5G mission critical services. Throughout this multi-year transition to a full 5G network, the existing FirstNet 4G LTE network will remain fully operational and maintain the high level of service that first responders have come to rely on.

5G’s ability to handle large amounts of data and connect more devices at once is essential to enabling the future of emergency response. From using drones to transmit high-definition video during search and rescue operations to opening the door to an influx of Internet of Things (IoT) data that will enhance situational awareness and improve emergency patient care, 5G is the foundation for the future of first responder-centric technologies.

Plus, by integrating 5G on FirstNet with 9-1-1, public safety will be able to leverage the full potential of this technology, allowing for a more informed and rapid response to emergencies.

For more information on 5G devices and connectivity, see Section 7.

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How FirstNet Can Support Emergency Managers One of the key teachings for Emergency Managers is that “all disasters are local.” So how does FirstNet specifically help Emergency Managers do their jobs during a planned event, a no-notice event, or a major disaster?

Whether they are standing up an EOC or operating in the field from an incident command post, Emergency Managers are focused on coordinating resources and partner agencies.

The EOC needs to know where response forces and equipment are located, when and where they might arrive to their deployed locations, and which forces are in standby or recovery mode waiting to be dispatched again.

Emergency Managers are also responsible for sharing situational awareness through a common operating picture (COP). Building a COP relies on gathering and quickly analyzing large volumes of data, such as sensor data, weather and environmental conditions, video feeds from fixed cameras and new platforms such as drones, and more.

By providing multi-faceted situational awareness, FirstNet helps EOC staff to effectively respond to current conditions as well as to plan for the assets and personnel that might be needed in the next operational period.

In this resource guide, you will learn more about how FirstNet capabilities can support your agency before, during, and after an emergency.

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SECTION 1: RESPONDING WITH FIRSTNET

As public safety responds to more complex events, responders need an interoperable communications platform that can adapt during the life cycle of an emergency.

FirstNet is more than a network; it encompasses a suite of technological platforms, applications (apps), and functionalities specifically designed for public safety.

Importantly, the functions and features offered by FirstNet can be used for local mutual aid as well as when responders are deployed to another part of the country through an Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) mission.

This section details how public safety agencies can deploy the FirstNet network to meet the needs of their responders.

Nationwide Available Network In any situation, first responders need to be able to communicate and coordinate with those on scene and those away from the action. FirstNet’s priority and preemption features ensure responders’ communications reach their partners in the field as well as those in the ECC or EOC, even when the general public is trying to communicate at the same time. Apps such as FirstNet Push-to-Talk or FirstNet

Rapid Response can enable responders to communicate with each other, including non-traditional mutual aid partners that may not share the same radio frequencies, in order to safely and effectively manage an incident. This communications traffic can be monitored and managed by the ECC or EOC command and control officials as the incident response expands.

These capabilities apply not only at the local or regional level, but during national response as well. EMAC has become the cornerstone of the national mutual aid system, and responders from a non-impacted state can quickly find themselves deployed to another state hard-hit by a disaster.

In response to a major hurricane or wildfire, for example, responders may deploy to a challenging environment in an entirely different part of the country.

The key to any field response is communicating with other responders and with command and control centers away from the front lines. Because FirstNet is a nationwide public safety broadband network, EMAC deployment teams can count on being able to use their FirstNet mobile devices, including phones, tablets, and hotspots, to communicate and share situational awareness — regardless of what state

A convoy of response vehicles from Missouri travel with AT&T FirstNet deployable vehicles to provide mutual aid assistance in Florida after a hurricane.

Victoria Carnes

September 202412 they are operating in. They can access databases, reference materials, and share planning documents. Real-time location data, sensor data, and video can be shared with responders and EOCs to keep everyone informed and working from the same common operating picture.

Deployable Assets In many instances, responders are forced to operate in remote or challenging environments where communication networks may be strained or damaged. To support operations, FirstNet users can request and use temporary deployable communications assets. Depending on mission requirements, these assets could include Cells on Wheels (COWs) and Satellite Cell on Light Trucks (SatCOLTs), Compact Rapid Deployables (CRDs), or aerial assets such as Flying Cells On Wings (Flying COWs™). Additionally, indoor solutions can be deployed to assist users in EOC, Command, or ECC settings. These FirstNet assets can help recover communications in disaster areas and supplement the normal terrestrial network during major events, such as large sporting events, concerts, parades, and other situations where many people are trying to access wireless networks at the same time.

FirstNet deployables can mean the difference between sending responders into an area with limited to no communications and enabling responders to transmit voice and data communications from the field to the EOC. Only FirstNet users can access the deployable assets, meaning that responders are not competing for bandwidth with the general public.

For more information and best practices on the FirstNet deployable fleet, see Section 3.

“Now that there’s a public safety broadband network across the country, my communications system goes ocean to ocean, Canada to Mexico, and everything in between. We had responders from here [Iowa] that went down to the aftermath of Katrina. Communications were a nightmare. If we’re all on the same network and all singing off the same sheet of music, stuff like that where we go a thousand miles away to help somebody, that’s going to be a lot better. Not only locally, but large distances, we’re going to be able to communicate.”

ROB DEHNERT

WEST DES MOINES EMS, IOWA

FirstNet.gov/WestDesMoines

Agency-Owned and Managed Assets In addition to utilizing the FirstNet deployable fleet, many agencies have acquired their own communications equipment, such as CRDs™ and Mini CRDs™, Rapid Deployable Kits, Mobile Broadband Kits, and satellite-enabled systems. These platforms can allow for quick, nimble deployment of FirstNet availability in the critical minutes and hours after an event or incident begins. Agencies now have the ability to extend the FirstNet network to remote, damaged, or even congested areas and provide secure field-to-EOC communication, at their own direction and on their own timeline.

In addition, agencies can establish deployable kits that can be pre-staged for events or at incident command post locations. Devices that are as small as a backpack or large suitcase can be transported by person, ATV, snowmobile, or helicopter into remote areas or high terrain to provide responders with a temporary signal during search-and-rescue operations. For EOCs and command posts, there are solutions such as the Cell Booster Pro for improving service inside a building, whether it is a permanent EOC or a temporary command post or staging area location. Finally, there are satellite communications solutions that enable both voice and data to be sent from very remote areas or in cases where network infrastructure is seriously damaged.

It is important to know the operational limitations (such as ingress/egress, road conditions, and setup requirements) for agency-owned assets, as well as to develop policies and

Pro Tips:

Agency-Owned and Managed Assets

1 Make the most of your agency-owned deployables by identifying where and how responders will operate before deploying the asset.

2 Explore “EOC-in-a-box” approaches where a vehicle or trailer asset is used to stand up a mobile command post.

3 Use devices like personal hotspots or mobile broadband kits to provide broadband service in rural, marine, or subterranean environments.

FirstNet.gov 13 procedures for how an asset is requested, who can request it, and how the asset will be deployed, maintained, and demobilized after an event.

Agency-owned assets provide responders with the ability to communicate back to the EOC, track and locate each other during an operation, reference online plans and databases, and communicate with one another via systems such as Push-to-Talk. Rapidly deployed FirstNet network equipment can fill a key niche in the command and communications chain, enabling communications from the EOC and ECC to the field command post, and to the individual responder on the ground.

FirstNet and Wireless Priority Service Wireless Priority Service (WPS) is an emergency phone service managed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). WPS supports national leadership; federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial governments; and other authorized national security and emergency preparedness users. It is intended to be used in emergencies or crisis situations when wireless networks are congested and the probability of completing a normal call is reduced. WPS provides pre-authorized personnel priority voice-only access on nationwide and several regional cellular networks, greatly increasing the probability of call completion. WPS does not preempt other users and does not provide any additional priority for user data sessions (such as SMS, pictures, etc.).

Note: WPS is not the same as Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS), which prioritizes voice calls over wireline networks.

FirstNet subscribers with a FirstNet SIM card or FirstNet eSIM are eligible for WPS and can access both FirstNet and WPS capabilities with a single FirstNet phone. FirstNet users are always given priority access on the FirstNet network; WPS is not needed for calls between FirstNet users. Using WPS in addition to FirstNet supports priority for voice calls to other wireless users outside of FirstNet. Once the FirstNet call traverses another network, it is up to the other carrier to ensure the WPS tag is recognized and the call is given priority on the non-FirstNet receiving device.

WPS is provided at no additional charge to FirstNet subscribers.

Current AT&T WPS users migrating to FirstNet do not need to request WPS for their FirstNet phone as the WPS feature will automatically transfer. Older FirstNet accounts may need to have WPS enabled, so it is best to check with an AT&T account representative to verify that WPS is correctly set up. New FirstNet customers coming from another carrier should request WPS using the standard WPS subscription process.

More information on WPS can be found at www.cisa.gov/ wireless-priority-service-wps.

Cached Devices: Mobile Handsets, Tablets, and Hotspots Many agencies maintain a cache of mobile devices that can be quickly distributed in an emergency to augment the communications tools used by responders. These devices may be handed out to mutual aid partners who are not tied into the local responders’ networks or allow for a surge in the number of responders at an incident. Providing responders with a common communications platform ensures all are able to maintain a common operating picture, situational awareness, and access to plans and resource documents.

It is important to note that when a FirstNet SatCOLT is deployed to assist with on-scene communications, it will only be available to FirstNet devices. Maintaining a local cache of FirstNet devices that can be handed out quickly to those without their own FirstNet device ensures that all responders can benefit from the SatCOLT’s coverage enhancements.

For more suggestions on using devices and apps, see Section 7: FirstNet Devices and Applications for Everyday Use.

For more suggestions on using caches of devices, see Section 8: Using a FirstNet Device Cache.

Responding with FirstNet Use Cases FirstNet allows first responders in the field to share situational awareness with each other, with field command posts, and with EOCs and ECCs coordinating large-scale response operations. Most importantly, the FirstNet network can be adapted to meet the needs of responders during planned events and emergencies. More information on how public safety of all disciplines and jurisdictions have adopted FirstNet can be found at FirstNet.gov/FirstNetInAction.

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SECTION 2: MISSION CRITICAL SOLUTIONS

What is mission critical?

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defines “mission critical” as a communication activity, application, service, or device that requires low latency, high availability and reliability, the ability to handle a large number of users and devices, strong security, and priority and preemption handling.

Within the world of public safety, a tool or service may be deemed “mission critical” when public safety users decide that it is required for successful response operations. The FirstNet Authority works with public safety to assess when and if a tool or service is determined to be mission critical to their operations.

3GPP is a global initiative made up of telecommunication professional organizations that sets standards for public safety communications systems. The FirstNet Authority is actively involved with 3GPP, working to ensure that public safety’s needs are included in the standards development process and resulting 3GPP standards reflect the actual requirements of public safety users. The FirstNet Authority also works to ensure the FirstNet network meets 3GPP standards.

Within 3GPP’s definition of Mission Critical Services (MCS), there are three major components that are relevant to public safety: Mission Critical Push-to-Talk (MCPTT), Mission Critical Data (MCData), and Mission Critical Video (MCVideo).

FirstNet’s mission critical broadband communications can supplement an existing Land Mobile Radio (LMR) system and help to fill indoor and outdoor coverage gaps, creating a more robust communications capability for public safety users.

Every year, the city of St. Augustine, Florida, is transformed during Nights of Lights. As visitors marvel, St. Augustine’s officials use FirstNet to coordinate with partners like the state highway patrol, the county sheriff’s office, county motor units, and the beach bike patrol.

Mission Critical Any factor of a system (equipment, process, procedure, software, etc.) that is critical to the success or failure of mission operations.

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MCS on FirstNet Offerings based on the 3GPP MCS Standard are evolving and maturing. They are also expanding thanks, in part, to the FirstNet Authority’s 10-year, $8 billion investment initiative, which aims to enhance MCS. Additional features, along with expanding device and accessory compatibility will continue to become available in the marketplace. There are several benefits to adopting MCS solutions:

� Expand the agency’s communications “footprint” with nationwide-available PTT solutions and the ability to connect LMR networks for improved capabilities outside of the normal LMR geography

� Save money by determining which devices agency staff need based on their roles and responsibilities ( i.e., LMR radios vs. commercial LTE devices using MCS PTT)

� Reduce radio traffic loads by moving some voice traffic off the LMR system and onto an MCS (data) exchange

� Leverage the capabilities of LTE devices to communicate with voice, MCData, MCVideo, location information, and more.

We recommend working with your AT&T FirstNet Solution Consultant to find the best solution for your agency’s communications needs.

There are currently two mission critical services to choose from on FirstNet: FirstNet Push-to-Talk (FNPTT) and FirstNet Rapid Response (FNRR).

They are both integrated into the FirstNet Core and have the highest priority for applications on the network.

Both support secure, encrypted mission critical services nationwide over the FirstNet network. Beyond voice communications, other features such as location services to identify responder positions, geofencing, mapping, ability to send text messages/broadcasts, ability to share documents, images, and video may be available, depending on the devices being used.

Both FNPTT and FNRR support MCPTT, MCData, and MCVideo along with mission critical Quality of Service (QoS) for all communications. Both support Push-to-Talk over Wi-Fi as well as the FirstNet network, and both applications can be set up for LMR interworking through a Radio-over- IP setup. The FNRR application can also support Inter-RF Subsystem Interface (ISSI) and Console Subsystem Interface (CSSI) interconnections. Both solutions provide the following dispatch clients:

FirstNet PTT Console: The FirstNet PTT Console provides one dispatch solution for both LMR and FirstNet PTT users and allows for the ability to multiselect or patch LMR groups to FirstNet groups. FirstNet PTT interface to the console is the native 3GPP client interface so the console has all of the normal client capabilities plus typical dispatcher features.

The console is provided by a third-party partner and is a mature EOC dispatch solution with APCO Project-25 (P25) CSSI, telephony, and logging recorder interfaces along with many of the other dispatch features you would expect.

FirstNet Rapid Response Web Dispatch: The FirstNet Rapid Response dispatch console provides typical dispatch features including call recording/playback and multiple talkgroup modules that have separate volume controls and can be routed to different speakers. In addition to traditional features, the Web Dispatch Console includes video streaming, a map that tracks users that can be popped out to a second screen, and geofences. Geofences can be used to monitor users crossing into or out of the geofence, along with defining area-based talkgroups.

FNPTT and FNRR offer many benefits to emergency managers by equipping them with real-time data and voice communications capabilities. With access to the FirstNet network, mission critical services have significant advantages in that configuration of groups and users can be accomplished over the air within seconds of the administrator making changes. These offerings enable emergency managers to communicate and track the location of responders in the field from the EOC. They can connect with individuals or entire talk groups to share critical information, such as voice communications, pictures, and video. They can scale the applications based on each

Use Case:

LMR-to-LTE in Indiana "Embracing LMR-to-LTE has helped Indiana first responders save money and save lives. While Indiana responders have access to a very robust statewide LMR system, in-building coverage such as inside school buildings, hospitals, and correctional facilities, presented a challenge.

Today, we can put a SIM card in an LTE-capable radio — which means a responder can stay connected when it counts. In addition to this improved coverage, we are also seeing a cost savings. The broadband connection to our LMR system is giving volunteer fire departments the option of a using a push-to-talk app on a low-cost device — saving money and possibly saving a life."

KELLY S. DIGNIN

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (RET.), INTEGRATED

PUBLIC SAFETY COMMISSION

September 202416 incident, creating or expanding talk groups as needed to develop a shared common operating picture of an incident.

With the ability to connect to LMR radio networks, FNPTT and FNNR further extend and enhance communication capabilities, especially when responders are outside their normal LMR footprint or are working on Wi-Fi within a building or structure.

Integration between LMR and LTE As MCS applications have evolved, public safety agencies have been vocal about the ability to integrate MCPTT into their current LMR systems. Integrating LTE into LMR provides flexibility and interworking for operations. There are several ways to do that today and we expect more in the future.

There are several benefits to integrating LMR and LTE communications, including:

� Expanded coverage: Users benefit by having both LMR and LTE coverage. Devices connected to Wi-Fi can also communicate to an LMR network.

� Optimization of LMR resources: Non-first responder groups can utilize LTE, leaving LMR capacity for first responders.

� Over-the-air programming: The MCS admin portals allow for easy user and talkgroup configuration, including the ability to add users to LMR connected talkgroups and have them available for users in seconds.

� Streamlining of devices: LMR-LTE integration reduces the need for large caches of LMR devices for large mutual aid events.

FirstNet supports LMR-LTE interoperability through several methods:

� Radio over IP (RoIP) gateway technology: This is a lower cost option to extend agency communications.

It also provides the ability to remain in contact with personnel who travel outside the agency’s LMR footprint and the option to free up capacity on an LMR network that is nearing its limits. This functionality can be achieved with as little as a single LMR portable or mobile radio connected to the RoIP gateway device.

� Inter-RF Subsystem Interface (ISSI) and Console Subsystem Interface (CSSI): These P25 standards-based solutions provide a greater feature set. For example, they support the ability to pass through “emergency button” activations, to see the unit ID/alias of a user, and to map multiple talk groups between an MCS service on FirstNet and an LMR network.

Interworking solutions are evolving and expected to continue to add capabilities in the coming years.

Interoperability with other Agencies and Carriers Like LMR, CAD, and other communications tools, working within your region to standardize on the same application/ solution and establish regional governance agreements will provide the best seamless communications between agencies. You will find the same benefits with a regional MCS solution. Because FirstNet is available nationwide, there are no restrictions on how small or large your region can extend. Both FirstNet MCS solutions allow for calls between all users and methods for users across agencies to join the same talkgroup.

Most agencies already have interoperability with their neighboring agencies via their existing LMR systems.

Therefore, when adding MCS PTT to your existing LMR system via one of the methods described in the previous section, your agency enhances the interoperability you have already established with your neighboring agencies.

If your neighboring agencies have not yet moved to FirstNet, there are solutions that can be leveraged in the interim.

Cross-carrier licenses allow for users that are leveraging other carriers to be part of the FirstNet Rapid Response MCS solution. Cross-carrier users will have access to the same talkgroups, except priority of their calls will be based on the level of service their carrier is providing. If your neighboring agency has a different broadband PTT solution from another carrier, then the same methods as described above for other PTT solutions on FirstNet can be leveraged. The wireline interfaces still can be leveraged, even when using RoIP as FirstNet coverage is available nationwide.

FirstNet offers a unique opportunity for incident response communications. The coverage footprint is nationwide, public safety has priority on the network, and there is Federal Government oversight. Most importantly, when the network is at the highest traffic level during a response, MCS communications have the highest priority. The FirstNet Authority is working to ensure a mutual aid talkgroup framework can be put in place to allow for incident command and users to easily identify talkgroups and leverage MCS communications during incident response.

Having easily identified talkgroups that all response users can join included in the Incident Communications Plan (e.g., ICS 205) is crucial for an efficient response. For emergency managers, these functions can be critical elements to incorporating mutual aid resources, especially from outside the area through EMAC. For example, response to wildfires, major flooding, tornadoes, or hurricanes often involves responders deploying from far away states. Because FirstNet is available nationwide, these responders can hit the ground running with their regular communication methods and quickly be absorbed into the host state/agency’s communications systems.

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Devices, Accessories, and Ecosystem for

MCS

Devices and accessories leveraged with the MCS service can be just as important as the service itself. For frontline users, they want to leverage devices and accessories that can be manipulated with muscle memory. Those devices allow them to keep their heads up and focused on the mission, while communication is second nature (e.g., turning a knob, pushing a button). Typically, these are LMRs with FirstNet capability or devices with knobs and buttons that are dedicated to PTT. Command staff and other responders may leverage MCS in an application on a smartphone, especially when paired with a remote speaker mic. Early adopters have cautioned those exploring MCS to limit the applications on smartphones with MCS to only those critical to the mission.

Just like early smartphones struggled with transferring data while the user was on the phone, there is still work to be done to ensure MCS, other mission applications, and telephony work seamlessly together.

We strongly recommend that you allot significant time for trying out device and accessory options along with the configuration and applications being used with the MCS solution selected so you can ensure the combined solution meets the users’ mission for PTT communications.

“Road test it, put it in your hand, see how it works, because that answers a lot of questions without even having to ask them. You need to use FirstNet and have [product representatives] come out, show the operation, show all the pieces. You can walk around with a device in your hand, try PTT, see how your agency can integrate, and you'll probably think of way more solutions than you realized until you have it in your hands. … [To really understand what the technology can do,] I need to know how it works in my specific area. Just test it, figure it out, and then everybody can start talking about your specific needs in your area.”

CODY SNOW

President, Prevent Medical Solutions, Bloomington, California

Hybrid LMR FirstNet Devices Hybrid LMR FirstNet devices are LMRs with FirstNet capabilities built in. As noted previously, responders leverage hybrid LMR FirstNet devices in their mission and use muscle memory to control them, which allows them to focus on the mission. Both leading P25 LMR vendors offer proprietary solutions that allow their LMRs to be leveraged on FirstNet with direct connections to the P25 network. One vendor offers a line of mobiles and portables that are compatible with FNPTT. While using these devices in MCS mode on FirstNet, their communications have higher priority just like other MCS devices on FirstNet. An advantage to these devices is that they are purpose-built for public safety with a full line of accessories and installation options for all types of use cases.

PTT-focused devices Several vendors have developed devices that are dedicated to PTT and have physical PTT buttons, some even with knobs and a look and feel like an LMR radio. These devices can be packaged with MCS and have lower cost monthly plans than smartphones. They are typically easier to pick up quickly and operate by users, making them a solid choice for cache devices that may be on hand for events or disaster response.

Additionally, smartphone devices are available with physical PTT and emergency buttons that also allow for easier operation of MCS. Many are rugged or semi rugged and offer accessories such as remote speaker mics.

Smartphones MCS offers client applications that can be downloaded from the app store on the smartphone just like other applications. This enables users to communicate without taking an extra device with them, or to communicate on an existing user’s device. Care needs to be taken to make sure that the combination of MCS and other user applications work well together to meet the responders’ mission. In most cases a mobile device management (MDM) solution is recommended when using a smartphone device to ensure MCS and relevant settings are updated when a new MCS version, device, or accessory is available.

Accessories Accessories can be just as important to the operation as the service and device. For example, if responders require in-ear accessories for privacy or loud noise environments, choose a service/device combination that works with the accessories needed for your operation.

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Ecosystem Understanding what is needed and works best for your users’ mission is an important step in choosing an MCS solution.

When considering MCS, operational needs, such as vehicle solutions, specific accessories like vehicle docking stations, multi-bay chargers, and logging/recording, should also be evaluated.

For logging/recording, if your MCS solution is connected to LMR, your recording of calls is typically taken care of on the LMR system. If talkgroups are not tied to the LMR system, RoIP can be leveraged to provide an analog interface to your logging recorder. Further, with FNPTT console, you can leverage logging/recording interfaces built into the console.

Devices, accessories, and the ecosystem to support MCS are evolving and expected to continue to add capabilities in the coming years. As more users adopt MCS, more vendors and solutions will be offered in the marketplace.

Location-based services (including Z-axis location) Location-based services (LBS) refers to the ability to accurately locate people, vehicles, or other resources.

Determining and visualizing the location of responders in near real time is a key component of situational awareness that can enhance personnel safety and accountability, improve the effectiveness of incident management, and potentially reduce response times.

LBS applies to both indoor and outdoor environments and has the potential to identify locations in both 2D (horizontal, or X and Y axes) and 3D (vertical, or Z-axis). Indoor locations present unique challenges when it comes to mapping and determining the accurate location of a resource. The FirstNet network supports a variety of solutions and applications capable of delivering location information.

Today, with FirstNet and the Response for FirstNet application, users can view the vertical location of a first responder. The information can be displayed and shared on mobile devices and through web browsers.

FirstNet Z-axis is measured as “height above terrain” (HAT).

The application shows the Z-axis location by providing an altitude measurement to X and Y locations using barometric pressure sensors in the user’s device. It can help to locate first responders indoors and in multi-storied buildings. The capability is currently available in over 100 geographic areas across the country.

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FirstNet subscribers can request a deployable asset to support critical incidents, disasters, and planned events.

This SatCOLT was deployed to a rural area to support firefighters during the 2021 Bootleg Fire in Oregon.

SECTION 3: UNDERSTANDING THE FIRSTNET

DEPLOYABLE PROGRAM

What is provided to FirstNet users?

There are more than 150 deployable network assets dedicated to FirstNet users. Agencies can request a deployable to support critical incidents, disasters, planned events, and exercises. These assets are provided at no cost to subscribing agencies and do not include any fees for fuel, personnel, or satellite airtime for as long as they are deployed. The FirstNet deployable assets are stationed strategically throughout the county and available to subscribers 24/7/365. AT&T also has a Network Disaster Recovery (NDR) program with hundreds of assets that support the commercial network as well as FirstNet.

In addition to the SatCOLTs and COWs, there are additional solutions such as the Flying COW™, which consists of a drone tethered to a trailer that can reach up to 400 feet high. The Flying COW is ideal for wildfires or mountain rescue missions where terrain may make connectivity a challenge. In 2024, AT&T began using the Flying COW for hurricane response, keeping responders connected over a wide area from just a single asset deployed in the field.

Other new deployable assets in the fleet include Response Communications Vehicles, which carry multiple networking options and provide a mobile office where responders can work out of the weather; Compact Rapid Deployables (CRDs), compact assets that can be quickly deployed to provide coverage in locations where larger vehicles can’t go; and in-building kits, which can improve indoor coverage at EOCs or impromptu command posts that have been stood up in the field. The miniCRD is a portable version of the CRD, consisting of two medium-sized rugged cases. One case contains the Starlink satellite backhaul connection to the network, and one contains the cell site equipment to create the local connection to FirstNet devices. The miniCRD has additional backhaul and power options.

How does it work?

The deployable assets can provide up to several miles of Band 14 coverage exclusively for public safety use. Range is often dependent on the terrain in which the deployables are set

up. These assets are intended to support FirstNet users with

Gert Zoutendijk

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FirstNet-capable devices which have a black FirstNet SIM card or a FirstNet eSIM, to ensure network availability and effective assistance to public safety. They are not intended to support commercial cellular traffic.

Different assets have different capabilities to best support the public safety operational need, and the FirstNet Response Operations Group (ROG™) will determine the best solution for each deployment mission. The ROG is a dedicated team within AT&T FirstNet that supports public safety incidents where coverage for first responders is not available or requires additional capacity.

“In rural America, we do not have communication.

When we initially set up our incident command, we had no phone connectivity. We had no internet connectivity. We had no way of sending data or photos. And unfortunately, many of our tribal nations had no way of contacting us to let us know what they needed. We made a simple phone call to AT&T FirstNet to request a deployable and within 24 hours they established communications for us. We were able to start communicating with our most critical partners

— our first responders, our management team, and those working to distribute resources — to respond to

COVID-19.”

LYNDA ZAMBRANO

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL TRIBAL

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL

FirstNet.gov/NTEMC

How do you request a deployable solution?

There are multiple ways to request FirstNet support for your incident or event. The easiest way is to use the online Deployable Request Tool in FirstNet Central. This tool is available to agency account managers and those users who have been designated uplift managers. The online tool will take you through the entire request process in less than 10 minutes. The tool will pre-fill many of the fields based on the information in your user account.

Not every request for support will result in a deployable asset being sent by AT&T. With evolutions in deployable technologies and network optimization capabilities, AT&T has new options to provide support to public safety agencies beyond the original SatCOLT vehicles. Once you submit your request using the online tool, you will receive an email confirming your request as well as update emails as your request goes through the triage process and a solution is implemented.

FirstNet subscribers can also contact FirstNet Customer Care (1-800-574-7000) and specifically state, “I need to request a deployable asset.”

When calling FirstNet Customer Care, the requester should be prepared to provide the agency’s Foundation Account Number (FAN).

Regardless of how you make the request, the FirstNet ROG will process the request and identify the best solution to deploy for the support request. The requester will receive confirmation and follow-up emails from the FirstNet ROG as the deployment request is processed and executed.

It is important to note that only FirstNet Account Administrators and Uplift Managers can request deployable assets. Agency Account Administrators can create multiple Account Administrator and Uplift Manager accounts to ensure that personnel are available during emergencies.

For planned events, use the online Deployable Request Tool in FirstNet Central or call FirstNet Customer Care (1-800-574-7000) at least 30 days in advance of the event to request FirstNet deployable support.

To learn more about requesting a deployable, reference the FirstNet Authority's fact sheet: FirstNet.gov/deployableFAQ.

Pro Tips:

Access Deployable Request Tile The Deployable Request Tile only shows up in FirstNet Central if you are an Agency Administrator or an Uplift Manager.

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What information will you need to provide?

Whether you use the online Deployable Request Tool in FirstNet Central or call the FirstNet Customer Care number, it is critical to describe, in detail, what mobile broadband communications needs your agency has for the event/ incident. Be sure to include information about the incident conditions, the area(s) requiring coverage, and any environmental/terrain concerns. Other important information to provide may include road access and conditions, steep inclines, sharp curves, wash-outs or roadway/bridge restrictions, and if an escort is required.