Revised Photogrammetry Statement of Work.pdf

AG-84JC-S-12-0002

REVISED - Section C Description/Specification/Work Statement

Table of Contents Section C

Description/Specification/Work Statement

C.1 General

C.2 Scope of Work

C.3 Location of Work

C.4 Technical Reference Criteria, Standards, and Specifications

C.5 Government-Furnished Property

C.6 Analytical Aerial Triangulation

C.7 Digital Ortho Quad (DOQ)/Digital Ortho Quarter Quad (DOQQ) Production

C.8 Digital Orthophoto Mosaic Production

C.9 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Production

C.10 Aerial Photo and Hardcopy Scanning

C.11 Stereocompilation, Drafting, and CADD Specifications

C.12 Labor Categories

C.13 Quality Assurance Plan – Requirements

C.14 Quality Control and Quality Assurance Standards

C.15 Submittal Requirements

C.16 Progress Schedules and Written Reports

C.17 Task Tracking

C.18 Section 508 Compliancy

C.19 Ordering Guidelines

C.1 General The Contractor, operating as an independent Contractor and not as an agent of the government, shall provide all labor, material, and equipment necessary to perform professional photogrammetric mapping from time to time during the period of service as stated in Section E (one year from date of award plus four option years). The services requested shall be in connection with performance of photogrammetric mapping and the preparation of maps as may be required for various USDA Forest Service (Forest Service) projects. The Contractor shall furnish the required personnel, equipment, and photogrammetric reduction/compilation instruments, and land transportation as necessary to accomplish the required services and furnish to the government maps, digital terrain data, reports, and other data together with supporting material as required by individual task orders. During the prosecution of the work, the Contractor shall provide adequate professional project supervision, management, and quality control to assure the accuracy, quality, completeness, safety, and progress of the work.

C.2 Scope of Work This solicitation is to procure Photogrammetry services for the USDA Forest Service, including the Geospatial Service and Technology Center (GSTC), to provide services to supplement GSTC’s photogrammetric needs and to be used in various combinations to produce map and data products for Forest Service administrative needs. The contract shall be an indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) arrangement that is task order based, and it shall be available to any prospective users across the Forest Service agency.

The Scope of this contract is to produce any photogrammetric work to include: aerial triangulation (AT), digital ortho quad/quarter quad production, aerial photo/hardcopy scanning, digital orthophoto mosaic production, digital elevation model (DEM) production, and planimetric and topographic map production.

Acquisition, or collection, of film-based or digital aerial photography, and LiDAR are not included in this contract scope. Use of such source imagery and data is expected to be used for producing the services and products above, but the collection through aerial flight, or other means, is not in this contract scope.

Accuracy and completeness of work are of the essence in this contract. The Contractor must be aware of difficulties typically involved and contingencies which often arise with this type of work, and must make certain that personnel, equipment, and software are adequate to insure complete compliance with all provisions of these specifications. All mapping work shall be performed using precise photogrammetric data, mensuration, and compilation procedures, including all quality control associated with these functions. The work shall be accomplished in strict accordance with the photogrammetric mapping criteria contained in the technical references in C.4, except as modified or amplified on task orders’ scope of work.

It shall be the responsibility of both the Contractor and Government task Requestor to understand the specifications of this contract along with specifications and requirements that will be included in individual task orders. Matters related to potential risks, deliverable quality, and cost factors shall be clearly stated and understood between parties (Contractor and Government task Requestor) before entering into a final scope of work and task order agreement.

C.3 Location of Work Photogrammetric mapping shall be performed for the Forest Service and may be performed at the Contractor’s office site or Forest Service locations as necessary. Proper onboarding procedures and qualifications will be followed and accomplished in any case where the contractor may need to access Forest Service sites, systems, or databases. However, it is not anticipated that such access will be needed.

C.4 Technical Reference Criteria, Standards, and Specifications The following standards are referenced in this contract and are to be applied to the relevant categories of services and products sought in this solicitation/contract. These specifications shall have precedence over any others unless expressed otherwise in individual task orders, and it is the responsibility of both

Requestors (buyers) and the Contractor to understand these standards and the risks, or rewards, of altering or deviating from them.

C.4.1 American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, 2005. Definitions of Surveying and Associated Terms, American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, 314 pp.

C.4.2 American Land Title Association, American Congress on Surveying & Mapping, and National Society of Professional Surveyors, 2005. 2005 Minimum Standard Detail Requirements for ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys, 6 pp., http://www.acsm.net/alta.html .

C.4.3 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2001. Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual, 539 pp., C.4.4 Bossler, J. D., 1984. Standards and Specifications for Geodetic Control Networks, Federal Geodetic Control Committee (now the Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee), USA, 25 pp., http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/tech_pub/1984-stds-specs-geodetic-control-networks.pdf .

C.4.5 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1998. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata, FGDC-STD-001-1998, 90 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/view.

C.4.6 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1998. Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, FGDC-STD-007.2-1998, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 128 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/accuracy/ , [includes Standards for Geodetic Networks (Part 2), National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (Part 3), and Standards for Architecture, Engineering, Construction (A/E/C) and Facility Management (Part 4)].

C.4.7 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1999. Content Standard for Digital Orthoimagery, FGDCSTD-008-1999, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 42 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/orthoimagery/orth_299.pdf

C.4.8 Geographic Information Framework Data Content Standard, Part 2: Digital Orthoimagery, FGDC-STD-014.2-2008, http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf

C.4.9 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2000. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Workbook, Version 2.0, Federal Geographic Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 126 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/documents/workbook_0501_bmk.pdf/view.

C.4.10 Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2002. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata, FGDC-STD-012-2002, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 144 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRem oteSensingExtens.pdf .

http://www.acsm.net/alta.html http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/tech_pub/1984-stds-specs-geodetic-control-networks.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/accuracy/ http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/orthoimagery/orth_299.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/documents/workbook_0501_bmk.pdf/view http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensingExtens.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensingExtens.pdf

C.4.11 National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying, 2007. Model Law, 40 pp., http://www.ncees.org/introduction/about_ncees/ncees_model_law.pdf .

C.4.12 National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying, 2007. Model Rules, 48 pp., http://www.ncees.org/introduction/about_ncees/ncees_model_rules.pdf .

C.4.13 National Digital Elevation Program, 2004. Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data, version 1.0, 93 pp., http://www.ndep.gov/NDEP_Elevation_Guidelines_Ver1_10May2004.pdf .

C.4.14 National Geodetic Survey, 1986. Geodetic Glossary, National Geodetic Survey, Rockville, Maryland, USA, 274 pp.

C.4.15 National Geodetic Survey, 2007. The GRAV-D Project: Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum, National Geodetic Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, 40 pp., http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GRAV-D/GRAV-D_v2007_12_19.pdf .

C.4.16 National Geodetic Survey, 2008. NAD 83(NSRS2007) National Readjustment, National Geodetic Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/NationalReadjustment/ .

C.4.17 National Geodetic Survey, 2008. The National Geodetic Survey Ten-Year Plan: Mission, Vision, and Strategy, 2008-2018, National Geodetic Survey, Silver Spring, Maryland, 55 pp., http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/INFO/NGS10yearplan.pdf .

C.4.18 Thompson, A. and Taylor, B.N., 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication 811, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 89 pp., http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf .

C.4.19 Zilkoski, D.B., Carlson, E.E. and Smith, C.L., 2005. DRAFT Guidelines for Establishing GPS-derived Orthometric Heights (Standards: 2 cm and 5 cm), version 1.4, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS-59, National Geodetic Survey, Silver Springs, MD, USA, 25 pp., http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/DRAFTGuidelinesforEstablishingGPSderivedOrthometricHei ghts.pdf .

C.4.20 Zilkoski, D.B., D’Onofrio, J. D. and Frakes, S. J., 1997. Guidelines for Establishing GPS- Derived Ellipsoid Heights (Standards: 2 cm and 5 cm), version 4.3, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS-58, National Geodetic Survey, Silver Springs, MD, USA, 22 pp., http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_ LIB/NGS-58.pdf .

C.4.21 USGS, 1996. Standards for Digital Orthophotos.

http://nationalmap.gov/standards/doqstds.html

C.4.22 U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers, 2002. Engineering and Design Photogrammetric Mapping, Engineer Manual No. 1110-1-1000, 371 pp., http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/engmanuals/em1110-1-1000/ .

C.4.23 USACE EM 1110-1-1807, 30 July 1990, Standards Manual for USACE Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) Systems.

http://www.ncees.org/introduction/about_ncees/ncees_model_law.pdf http://www.ncees.org/introduction/about_ncees/ncees_model_rules.pdf http://www.ndep.gov/NDEP_Elevation_Guidelines_Ver1_10May2004.pdf http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GRAV-D/GRAV-D_v2007_12_19.pdf http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/NationalReadjustment/ http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/INFO/NGS10yearplan.pdf http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/DRAFTGuidelinesforEstablishingGPSderivedOrthometricHeights.pdf http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/DRAFTGuidelinesforEstablishingGPSderivedOrthometricHeights.pdf http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_%20LIB/NGS-58.pdf http://nationalmap.gov/standards/doqstds.html http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/engmanuals/em1110-1-1000/

C.4.24 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2002. Engineering and Design Photogrammetric Mapping, Engineer Manual No. 1110-1-1000, Chapter 6, Ground Control Requirements for Photogrammetric Mapping, http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1000/c-6.pdf

C.4.25 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2002. Engineering and Design Photogrammetric Mapping, Engineer Manual No. 1110-1-1000, Chapter 8, Analytical Aerotriangulation, http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1000/c-8.pdf

C.5 Government-Furnished Property The Government will provide the following item(s) of Government property to the Contractor for use in the performance of this contract. This property shall be used and maintained by the Contractor in accordance with the provisions of the "Government Property" FAR clause contained elsewhere in the contract. (To be determined as furnished property as described in task orders.)

a. Project imagery or scanned images.

b. Quadrangle index indicating project boundary/extent.

c. Project photo index with exposure numbers.

d. Camera reports per project if required.

e. GPS ground control files, USGS control points, first generation DOQs, or other control as needed for block adjustments; DEMs and camera positions and altitudes for DOQ production; any other digital file required to produce needed products.

f. Aerial photographs, index maps, hardcopy and/or softcopy of existing maps, satellite remote sensing data, CFFs, DEMs, DOQs, DLGs, existing field data, and other existing data and information pertinent to identified tasks.

C.6 Analytical Aerial Triangulation When authorized within this contract via task orders, the x-, y-, and z-coordinates for supplemental photo control points shall be derived using fully analytical, simultaneous block aerotriangulation (AT) adjustment methods. Industry-standard adjustment software, or that supplied with analytical plotters or softcopy workstations, must be used to perform the computations. Use of different altitude photography is not allowed.

C.6.1 EQUIPMENT

The photogrammetric mensuration instruments shall have sufficient accuracy and utility for measuring the x and y photographic coordinates of the fiducial or other photographic reference marks, targets, photographic images, and artificially marked points to achieve the required accuracies.

C.6.2 GROUND CONTROL

The Contractor shall be responsible for determining the optimum location, quality, and accuracy of all ground surveyed control points used for controlling the aerotriangulation adjustment. Ground control requirements are dependent upon many factors specific to each individual project. The number and spacing of horizontal and vertical ground control points for a project shall be within industry standards and shall be approved by the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) for each task order. Ground http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1000/c-6.pdf http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1000/c-6.pdf http://publications.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1000/c-8.pdf control points will typically be photo identifiable ground control since the aerial photography already exists. If a project is going to be used for engineering purposes, the ground control/supplemental surveys will need to be performed by a Professional Land Surveyor. It will be the responsibility of the contractor to coordinate and supervise a sub-contractor with a state registered surveyor in the state the work is being performed, if one does not exist with the prime contractor of this contract. The sub-contractor will require approval by the designated CO/COR.

C.6.3 RESULTANT ACCURACY OF AEROTRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT

The root mean square (RMS) error for the x, y, and z coordinates of all supplemental control points determined by analytical aerotriangulation shall not be in error as tested or compiled:

5 meters (or 16.4 feet as applicable) horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level 5 meters (or 16.4 feet as applicable) vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level (FGDC-STD-007.3-1998), or as defined by task order Requestor.

C.6.4 DELIVERABLES

All materials, including the x-y-z coordinate listing of supplemental control points, final adjustment computations with error of closure, FGDC standard metadata, AT report, and the applicable camera report (including but not limited to photo center file, and including maintained software updates), diapositives, and any rolls of film negatives, or digital files, used by the Contractor. Final horizontal and vertical data accuracies will be stated per task order. Final RMSE accuracies may be sub-meter and may require NSSDA validation.

C.6.5 ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATIONS

• The Contractor shall specify the source of DEMs to be used and shall verify with the Requestor what the acceptable maximum resolution to be used is. This shall be included in the task order’s statement of work (SOW) or performance work statement (PWS) after consultation between the Requestor and Contractor.

• Existing USGS DEMs may need additional breakline and/or mass point supplementation to minimize smearing or other anomalies for orthophotography production. It will be the responsibility of the contractor to determine this additional work prior to issue of task order.

• The Contractor shall complete a bundle adjustment with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of less than five meters unless otherwise specified in individual task orders.

• If stereo viewing is needed in a task order a block file shall be produced, and it shall be an ERDAS Imagine file (.blk).

• Task orders shall specify the size of block files and (if required) sub-block files. The Contractor shall consult with the Requestor on this specification if it is not originally in the task order

SOW/PWS.

C.6.6 DEVIATIONS

The Forest Service shall be notified of inconsistent, incomplete, faulty, or missing data and products as soon as possible and before progressing with further work. This includes missing: DEMs, imagery, block files, etc. used to perform adequate AT tasks. Adequate and accurate AT by this Contractor assumes that data and imagery collected was flown to the correct specifications in the first place, and the Contractor shall verify this was performed appropriately to industry standard. Overlap, sidelap, scale, drift, and aircraft altitude shall be considered and consultation with task order Requestors shall take place to confirm appropriateness for AT tasks before going forward. Task order Requestor will provide sample imagery to Contractor for assessment purposes in advance of task order issuance. The

Contractor shall provide the camera report, and if one does not exist, the Contractor shall discuss associated risk and cost factors with the Requestor before going forward with a task.

C.7 Digital Ortho Quad (DOQ)/Digital Ortho Quarter Quad (DOQQ) Production

C.7.1 PRODUCTION STANDARDS

DOQ production shall follow the USGS Digital Ortho Standards located at http://nationalmap.gov/standards/doqstds.html . DOQQ production shall follow the NAIP standard;

3.75 x 3.75 minute Quarter Quad plus 300 meter buffer on all sides:

http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&subject=prog&topic=nai . Digital Elevation Models (DEM) may or may not be furnished by the government. The Contractor shall ensure that only cloudless imagery will be used unless otherwise stated in individual task orders. A main focus shall be on achieving seam line quality with no offsetting. Zero (0) values in source imagery may not be included or used except in cases of non-data. Pre-production sample imagery shall be provided to the Contractor by Requestor unless specifically stated otherwise in task orders and agreed to by parties. Imagery delivered on external hard drives, or other data storage devices, shall not exceed 90% storage capacity.

Any and all re-submission of corrected deliverables shall reflect appropriate file names with versions and a description of what was corrected. (DOQQQs may also be requested in task orders.)

C.7.2 METADATA STANDARDS

The following FGDC metadata standards from C.4 shall be incorporated: Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1998. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata, FGDC-STD-001-1998, 90 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/vie , Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2000. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Workbook, Version 2.0, Federal Geographic Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 126 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/documents/workbook_0501_bmk.pdf/view , Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2002. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata, FGDC-STD-012-2002, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 144 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensi ngExtens.pdf .

C.7.3 COLOR/IR BALANCING/DODGING/STRETCHING/HISTOGRAM MATCHING

As specified in task orders, image contrast and/or color matching shall be used to adjust tonal differences in joint areas. If requested in task orders the Contractor shall ensure that imagery color has been checked against industry standard histograms used by the USDA Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO), which follows:

COLOR CORRECTED IMAGERY

Imagery required to be color-corrected shall be adjusted so that the image matches the ground at the time of exposure. Adjustments shall include, but not limited to, any dodging, gamma correction, histogram stretching, brightness adjustments, and/or color balancing. The files shall not contain any borders, artifacts, or other non-image items.

• Non-image data Imagery shall only use a pixel digital number (DN) of zero (0) for non-data values.

• Natural Color Image Quality

(a) Clipping Imagery shall have a tonal range that prevents the clipping of highlight or shadow detail from the image. When calculated against the luminosity histogram, the cumulative http://nationalmap.gov/standards/doqstds.html http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&subject=prog&topic=nai http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/vie http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/vie http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/documents/workbook_0501_bmk.pdf/view http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensingExtens.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensingExtens.pdf pixel count between the first and last five histogram bin values (5 and 250 respectively for 8-bit depth) shall not be less than 98.0%, with a preferred value greater than 99%.

(b) Contrast When calculated against the luminosity histogram, the difference between the histogram digital number (DN) value that contains 99.0% of the cumulative pixel count and the DN value that contains 1.0% shall be greater than ±59% of the bit depth, ±4% (aim point of 150, ±10 for 8-bit depth). If the cumulative pixel count percentage falls between two histogram bin values, the closest value shall be used. For example, if an 8-bit image has a luminosity DN value 222 contains 99% of the cumulative pixel count and DN value 44 contains 1% count, therefore the difference is 178.

BIT DEPTH

DN DIFFERENCE

TARGET MINIMUM MAXIMUM

8-bit 150 140 160

16-bit 38,550 35,930 41,170

(c) Brightness Imagery shall have a mean pixel count within ±7.5% of the middle DN value allowed for the bit depth. For example, an 8-bit depth image must have the histogram mean value between 108 and 147.

BIT DEPTH MEAN DN

MINIMUM MAXIMUM

8-bit 108 147 16-bit 27,853 37,683

(d) Color Balance Imagery should have a neutral tonal range without the dominance of any individual color. The difference between the minimum and maximum DN value in a RBG triplet of any nearly neutral objects within the image shall be less than 5.

• Color infrared Imagery All color infrared imagery shall have proper contrast to allow highlight and shadow detail.

• Multispectral Imagery Multispectral Imagery shall be radiometrically processed such that the natural color bands (RGB) meet the quality requirements associated with Non-image data.

C.7.4 DELIVERABLES

Deliverables shall adhere to National Digital Orthophoto Programs (NDOP) standards and USGS naming standards referenced in section C.4.

C.7.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

The following shall be applied to ensure that the Contractor can deliver to the government a quality product that meets national standards referenced by the Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) and the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/standards_publications/index.html , specifically:

http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf and http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/orthoimagery/orth_299.pdf .

http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/standards_publications/index.html http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/orthoimagery/orth_299.pdf

C.8 Digital Orthophoto Mosaic Production

C.8.1 PRODUCTION STANDARDS

A mosaic shall be a specified area of interest in individual task orders. DOQ production shall follow the USGS Digital Ortho Standards located at http://nationalmap.gov/standards/doqstds.html . DOQQ production shall follow the NAIP standard; 3.75 x 3.75 minute Quarter Quad plus 300 meter buffer on all sides: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&subject=prog&topic=nai Digital Elevation Models (DEM) may or may not be furnished by the government. The Contractor shall ensure that only cloudless imagery will be used unless otherwise stated in individual task orders. A main focus shall be on achieving seam line quality with no offsetting. Zero (0) values in source imagery may not be included or used except in cases of non-data. Pre-production sample imagery shall be provided to the Contractor by Requestor unless specifically stated otherwise in task orders and agreed to by parties. Any and all re-submission of corrected deliverables shall reflect appropriate file names with versions and a description of what was corrected. (DOQQQs may also be requested in task orders.)

C.8.2 METADATA STANDARDS

The following FGDC metadata standards from C.4 shall be incorporated: Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1998. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata, FGDC-STD-001-1998, 90 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/vie , Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2000. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Workbook, Version 2.0, Federal Geographic Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 126 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/documents/workbook_0501_bmk.pdf/view , Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2002. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata, FGDC-STD-012-2002, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Reston, Virginia, USA, 144 pp., http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensi ngExtens.pdf

C.8.3 COLOR/IR BALANCING/DODGING/STRETCHING/HISTOGRAM MATCHING

As specified in task orders, image contrast and/or color matching shall be used to adjust tonal differences in joint areas. If requested in task orders the Contractor shall ensure that imagery color has been checked against industry standard histograms used by the USDA Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO), detailed in section C.7.3.

C.8.4 DELIVERABLES

Deliverables shall adhere to National Digital Orthophoto Programs (NDOP) standards and USGS naming standards referenced in section C.4. File types shall be specified in every task order, e.g. , .img, geotiff, MrSid, ECW, etc. Imagery delivered on external hard drives, or other data storage devices, shall not exceed 90% storage capacity.

C.8.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

The following shall be applied to ensure that the Contractor can deliver to the government a quality product that meets national standards referenced by the Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) and the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/standards_publications/index.html , specifically:

http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf and http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/orthoimagery/orth_299.pdf .

http://nationalmap.gov/standards/doqstds.html http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&subject=prog&topic=nai http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/vie http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf/vie http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/documents/workbook_0501_bmk.pdf/view http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensingExtens.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDCstandards/projects/csdgm_rs_ex/MetadataRemoteSensingExtens.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/standards_publications/index.html http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/GI_FrameworkDataStandard_Part2_DigitalOrthoimagery.pdf http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/orthoimagery/orth_299.pdf

C.9 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Production

C.9.1 ACQUISITION STANDARDS

Aerial photography, imagery, and LiDAR acquisition/collection are not included in this contract’s scope, but the Contractor will ensure that the following requirements associated with source data acquisition shall be met in order to provide successful derivative photogrammetric services and products that are included in this contract. Risk, quality, and cost issues associated with inadequate source data will be consulted between the Contractor and the Requestor before task orders are entered into. Review of existing geometric image acquisition considerations shall include: airspeed, flying height [either Above Ground Level (AGL) or Mean Sea Level (MSL)], focal length, and specific imager physical dimension and physical pixel size. Additionally, the USDA Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO) flight path endlap and sidelap requirements shall be assessed for adequacy of the acquired photography/imagery. The contractor shall use LiDAR acquisition specifications defined by the USDA Forest Service’s Remote Sensing Application Center (RSAC): Remote Sensing Application Center, 2012. Considerations for Using LiDAR Data – A Project Implementation Guide (Defining LiDAR Acquisition Specifications), http://fsweb.rsac.fs.fed.us/lidar/images/stories/documents/Lidar_Proj_Implementation_Website_Final.

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C.9.2 DELIVERABLES

The projection used shall be the Forest Service standards, GRS 80/Albers GSC 83/UTM NAD 83, or otherwise specified in individual task orders.

Task orders will specify DEM deliverables to be generated as either Digital Terrain Models (DTM) or Digital Surface Models (DSM) based on their specific needs. The Contractor shall confirm the required DEM model type before executing a task order and shall consult with the Requestor any significant increases in cost or risk associated with either model type. The Requestor and Contractor shall jointly consider the need for hydro-enforced DEM production and any associated time, cost, and risk that may be involved.

C.10 Aerial Photo and Hardcopy Scanning

C.10.1. GENERAL

Scanning may be requested under this contract. Uses of scanning may include creating digital files of existing hardcopy map data, scanning of aerial photographs or diapositives into raster images for utilization in digital formats for development of topographic and planimetric mapping and orthophoto development. Resolutions expected and processes required for scanning projects will be specified in each task order. All projects shall require "high resolution" scanners unless otherwise stated in task orders.

C.10.2. HIGH RESOLUTION SCANNERS

The device used for scanning shall be a precision instrument that is of current industry-standard photogrammetric grade at the time of a task order, designed and manufactured for use on aerial film and/or diapositives with the capability of producing a scan with a minimum ground sampling distance-equivalent (GSD) resolution as requested by each task order. It shall accommodate traditional 9” x 9” scanning, as well as larger camera formats as requested. Scanner specifications, calibration dates, and software updates shall be submitted to the Forest Service for approval before proceeding with the scanning phase. The aerial film scanner must at a minimum be able to scan at 12 microns or larger.

Original film sources shall be highest preference, and if not available, consultation between the Contractor and task order Requestors shall take place to ascertain potential quality and risk issues.

http://fsweb.rsac.fs.fed.us/lidar/images/stories/documents/Lidar_Proj_Implementation_Website_Final.pdf http://fsweb.rsac.fs.fed.us/lidar/images/stories/documents/Lidar_Proj_Implementation_Website_Final.pdf

C.10.3 DELIVERABLES

Orientation: All imagery must be scanned the same direction with either North to the top (preferable) or North to the right hand side of scan and must be consistent within a project, as requested in individual task orders.

The final output format shall be an uncompressed TIFF format with no overviews or pyramids, unless requested differently in task orders. All aerial photography scanning must include fiducials.

C.11 Stereocompilation, Drafting, and CADD Specifications

C.11.1 STEREOPLOTTER SPECIFICATIONS

Topographic and/or planimetric feature line maps are to be developed/generated on a softcopy workstation or an analytical stereoplotter. The plotter system must be capable of automatically performing/adjusting interior, relative, and absolute orientations, and output statistical data thereof, and generating digital data of observed topographic/feature information into spatial layers directly compatible with three-dimensional design file criteria [standards manual for USACE COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING (CADD) SYSTEMS EM 1110-1-1807]. Stereoplotter operators should have demonstrated experience on the machine and in the type of terrain being compiled.

C.11.2 MAP COMPILATION SCALE

The contractor shall furnish to the contracting officer stereoplotter-derived manuscripts and/or finished maps at scales referenced in task orders scope of work.

C.11.3 MODEL SETUP AND ORIENTATION DATA

The stereoplotter orientation parameters and statistical outputs for each model setup may be requested for specific task orders. These sheets shall be fully annotated by date, time, operator name, compilation dates/times, photo numbers, and other data that confirm that the mapping was compiled from the required negative scale.

C.11.4 PLANIMETRIC FEATURE DATA DETAILING

Mapping data shall contain all the planimetric features visible or identifiable on or interpretable from the aerial photographs, and compatible with the type of project involved. These shall include, but not be limited to, buildings, roads, farm lanes, trails, driveways, sidewalks, catch basins, rivers, shorelines, ditches, drainage lines, erosion areas, ponds, marshes, lakes, reservoirs, railroads, fence lines, power poles, pipelines, wooded areas, timber lines, tree clumps, orchards, vineyards, individual trees that can be recognized as such, bridges, culverts, piers, spillways, tunnels, dams, rock outcrops, quarries, recreation areas, and cemeteries. The level of detail required for each project will be provided in detailed specifications for the task order.

a) Features such as quarries, gravel pits, log piles, coal piles, sand piles, slag piles, open pit mines, etc., shall be shown by symbols identified in USGS Photogrammetric Compilation Symbols -- Chapter 3F1, Preliminary Edition, March 1981, unless otherwise specified.

b) Surface Utility Data. Locate and identify all utilities such as culverts (pipes or box drains); water systems including valves and meters; catch basins; manholes (storm, sanitary, telephone, gas, and electric); meter/valve boxes; overhead electrical pole location and type; low wire elevations; towers;

and transformers. Except in urban or heavy industrial areas, locate only main trunk aerial and surface lines; identify size and capacities and measure invert elevations as applicable to project as requested in task orders scopes of work.

c) Underground Utilities. For designated subsurface utilities, provide pipe/conduit alignment, type, size, nomenclature, depth below surface, junction points, etc. if requested in task orders scopes of work.

d) Highways, Roads, and Streets. Obtain names, descriptions, classifications; center-line profiles or sections as designated; route classification; pavement width and construction as requested in task orders scopes of work.

e) Railroads. Obtain names, locations (and stationing) of mileposts, bridges, culverts, semaphores, culverts, yard limits, etc. Obtain center-line profiles or sections as designated as requested in task orders scopes of work.

f) Buildings and Other Structures. Obtain proper names of all buildings or landmarks; proper names, installation numbering, and/or descriptions of all buildings and other structures affected or possibly affected by the project; foundation and first-floor elevations of those structures within designated limits and/or elevations.

g) Boundary and Right-of-Way Data. Locate all right-of-way markers/monuments for existing roads/projects/structures. Connect any prominent property corners, installation boundaries, or section corners encountered.

h) Vegetation. Obtain general identification and description of clusters and individual, as would be of interest in preliminary value appraisals or in clearing operations. Individual task orders will specify the level of detail and accuracy needed for vegetation identification.

C.11.5 TOPOGRAPHIC DATA DETAILING

The map shall contain all representable and specified topographic features visible or identifiable on or interpretable from the aerial photography. Topographic data may be generated by contour tracing or digital terrain modeling (mass points and breaklines) techniques.

a) Contour tracking/tracing. The contour interval for each project will be stated in each task order. Each contour shall be drawn sharp and clear as a solid line, except through densely wooded areas where the ground cannot be seen and where it is obscured by an overhanging bluff or ledge. In such ground hidden places, the contours shall be shown as dashed (broken) lines. Every fifth contour (index contour) shall be accentuated as a heavier line than the intermediate four and shall be numbered according to its actual elevation above mean sea level. Whenever index contours are closer than one-quarter (1/4) inch, and the ground slope is uniform, the intermediate four may be omitted.

(1) Half-interval contours shall be added in all sizeable flat areas where general slopes are 1 percent or less. Labeling or numbering of contours shall be placed so that the elevation is readily discernible. Labeling of intermediate contours may be required in areas of low relief.

(2) The turning points of contours that define drainage channels, ditches, rapids, falls, dams, sloughs, etc., shall be consistent in depicting the correct alignment of the channel and in reflecting the continuation of the drainage.

(3) Particular care must be taken to show the outline of shorelines or other water limits at the time photography is taken. Where the water demarcation line cannot be definitely established, the approximate position shall be shown by a broken line so as to indicate the continuity of drainage.

b) Terrain Model Generation. Terrain model generation is accomplished using a softcopy workstation or analytical stereoplotter to derive accurate ground point (horizontal and vertical) location data. Digital elevation models (DEM) consist of a preset grid interval of ground points specified in a task order. A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) shall consist of a network of random points supplemented with break-line points to properly establish the Hypsography of the terrain. Intermediate break, highs, lows, etc., are added independently. Triangulated irregular networks (TIN) and contours will be generated off-line using standard DTM/CADD software as specified in task orders.

c) Spot elevations. Spot elevations determined photogrammetrically shall be shown on the maps in proper position at water level on the shoreline of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and the like; on hilltops; in saddles; at the bottom of depressions; at intersections and along center lines of well-traveled roads; at principal streets in cities, railroads, levees, and highways; at tops and bottoms of vertical walls and other structures; and at center line of end of bridges. In areas where the contours are more than 3 in. apart at hardcopy map scale, spot elevations shall also be shown and the horizontal distance between the contours and such spot elevations or between the spot elevations shall not exceed 2 in. at scale of delivered maps. Spot elevations shall be measured to accuracy consistent with those stated in section C.4 or with the accuracy standards stated in each task order.

d) When the contract stipulates the delineation of specified features (planimetry and contours) and the specified features are not visible from or obscured on the aerial photography and on stereoscopic models formed therefrom, the contractor shall attempt to compile the features and note the obscured areas with a predetermined line code denoting obscured areas unless otherwise stated in the task order.

Areas marked as such will not be required to meet the accuracy standard specified in the task order.

e) Dashed contours. When the ground is obscured by vegetation to the degree that standard accuracy is not obtainable, contours shall be shown by dashed lines.

C.11.6 ORTHOPHOTOS AND ORTHOPHOTO MAPS

Orthophotos are orthographic photographs. They do not contain scale, tilt and relief distortions.

Orthophotographs within the purview of this contract will be generated from overlapping conventional photos or digital images in a process called differential rectification. The result of this process is the elimination of 31 photo scale variation and image displacement resulting from relief and tilt. Orthophotos and orthophoto maps will be prepared by digital softcopy methods within this contract and will be specified in task orders. Digital orthophotographs and maps will be generated by utilizing software and hardware that will support image scanning, rectification of scans and digital rectified images. Raster scans will be produced of the images required. The digital imagery will be set up on a softcopy workstation and the image file oriented using the camera calibration parameters and ground control. A spatial resection will be performed to re-establish the focal plane of the camera in space at the instant of exposure. A coordinate transformation based on the camera fiducial corners will be undertaken. This transformation will allow the conversion of every pixel in the image from a sample/line location to an x and y position.

Then a differential rectification will be performed. This procedure will place each pixel into the correct coordinate space as defined. Digital orthophoto files will be delivered in uncompressed TIFF format on a DVD unless otherwise specified in task orders. Hardcopy may be required from this type data and will involve hardware and software that will produce a film negative of the digital files suitable for positive production on paper and mylar (Black and White orthophotos only). All orthophotographs and maps shall be compiled on instruments with software capable of making direct enlargements up to eight diameters between original negative scale and compilation scale. All orthophotos and orthophoto maps will meet the accuracy stated in C.4 unless specified otherwise in a task order.

C.11.7 COMPILATION HISTORY

A compilation history (model diagram or model setup sheet) may be requested in a task order for each stereoscopic model used to accomplish the mapping. History shall include but not be limited to the final photographic fit to x-, y-, and z-coordinates of ground and supplemental control points and any other problems encountered in the model orientation and compilation process. History shall also include the project name, flight date, photo scale, map scale, stereoplotter system used, and the operator name.

C.11.8 FINAL MAPS AND/OR DIGITAL DATA BASE CONTENTS

a) Coordinate Grid. Unless otherwise specified, grid ticks of the applicable coordinate system (SPCS or UTM) shall be properly annotated at the top and right edge of each manuscript sheet. Spacing of the grid ticks shall be approximately five (5) in. The coordinate system to be used will be noted in each task order.

b) Control. All horizontal and vertical ground control and all supplemental control determined by either field or aerotriangulation methods shall be included in the final mapping data.

c) Sheet layout and match lines. The U.S. Forest Service will provide the sheet layout for each task order.

Match lines shall be provided and properly labeled so that each sheet may be joined accurately to adjacent sheets.

d) Symbols and Names. The symbols to be used for major planimetric and topographic features shall be in accordance with symbols provided in reference C.4 unless stated otherwise in each task order. The names of cities, towns, villages, rivers, streams, roads, streets, highways, and other features of importance shall be obtained by the contractor. All names and numbers shall be legible and clear in meaning and shall not interfere with map features. Names of towns, rivers, streams, etc., will generally be those appearing on the existing USGS, U.S. Forest Service, or state highway published maps unless other data is furnished by the U.S. Forest Service as per task orders.

e) Title and Sheet Index. A title shall be placed on each map manuscript to the size and arrangement directed by the Contracting Officer, and shall include the name of the contracting agency, the project name, the date of photography used, the strip and photograph numbers, the map scale, the date of the mapping, manuscript number, and the name of the contractor. If more than one (1) manuscript/map sheet is prepared, a small-scale sheet index shall be drawn on each manuscript/map sheet showing the position and the relationship of all map sheets to each other. The title block contents and sheet index requirements for finished maps will be furnished by the Contracting Officer.

C.11.9 FINAL PLOTTING MEDIA

Hard copy printing medium and specifications are independent of this contract and will be negotiated between task order requestors and the Contractor, if needed.

C.11.10 MAP EDITING

All map products will be reviewed by an experienced editor during applicable stages of production.

C.11.11 DIGITAL DATA DESIGN FILE SUBMITTALS

a) Products. Digital data products to be furnished by the contractor shall include, but not be limited to, topographic drawings, cross sections, profiles, and digital elevation/terrain models.

b) Accuracies. The horizontal and vertical accuracies for digital products shall be as stipulated in section C.14 of this contract unless stated otherwise in each task order.

c) Format. The completed drawings, digital files, etc., shall be fully operational, by translation or other process, on the operating system stated in each task order at the time the drawings are delivered.

d) All design files, including drawings and/or models, shall be furnished on CDROM, DVD or external hard drives formatted as stated in each task order, and storage capacity shall not exceed 90% of the chosen medium or device. The contractor shall furnish a copy of the cell library used in preparing these drawings and compilation history as described above. All data shall become the property of the U.S.

Forest Service upon submittal.

C.11.12 DELIVERIES

All completed manuscripts, maps, and any reproductions thereof, diapositives, model diagrams, compilation histories, and digital data shall be delivered to the Contracting Officer in accordance with task order requirements.

C.11.13 STATE LICENSING

The Contractor shall refer to and follow individual state statutes governing the need to have either a Professional Engineer (P.E.) or Licensed Surveyor (L.S.) certify engineering and photogrammetric mapping products. Use of a sub-contractor in providing for a P.E. or L.S. for these services is permitted with the Contracting Officer’s explicit approval.

C.12 Labor Categories The contractor shall employ and assign the following labor categories, and associated qualifications, to work described under this contract, as appropriate. At least one of each of the following labor categories shall be employed by the contractor and made available for task order work under this contract.

C.12.1 PROJECT MANAGER

The Project Manager will possess the following desired qualifications:

• At least a Bachelor’s degree in a related field to photogrammetry, e.g., geography, cartography, earth sciences, etc.

• Five or more years of project management experience in photogrammetry.

• A demonstrated ability to successfully apply accepted project…