Exhibit_1.docx

23.23 - Design Parameters for Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles Greater Than 50 Inches in Width

The next page displays the Design Parameters for Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles Greater Than 50 Inches in Width, followed by considerations regarding their application.

Application considerations for Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles > 50” In Width Design Parameters:

1. NFS trails that allow four-wheel drive vehicle use must be designated for that vehicle class pursuant to 36 CFR 212.51 and displayed on a motor vehicle use map (FSM 7703.1).

2. For NFS trails designated for four-wheel drive vehicles over 50 inches in width and that have a Designed Use for that type of vehicle, apply the appropriate Design Parameters and the guidance below, as applicable.

a. The level of challenge provided by a trail increases with the size of the vehicle. For example, a trail that is challenging for a vehicle with a short wheelbase (less than 100 inches) is likely to be even more challenging for a vehicle with a long wheelbase (greater than 100 inches).

b. Trails designed for four-wheel drive vehicles greater than 50 inches in width have varying degrees of horizontal and vertical alignments, with safe tread for an average speed of 2 to 4 miles per hour.

c. A variety of distances and recreation experiences may be provided for less experienced riders by designing cutoffs within a system of loop trails.

d. Favor drainage dips over water bars.

e. Favor climbing turns over switchbacks, within the applicable Design Parameter grade tolerances, as deemed appropriate, considering the use and direction of travel.. Modify the level of challenge of a curve by increasing or decreasing its turning radius.

f. Alignment on trails with grades of 4 percent or less should provide 5 lock-to-lock turns (five changes of direction of the steering wheel, from far right to far left) in the first 150 feet of the trail to restrict use of the trail to smaller vehicles. The rest of the trail should have 2 to 5 lock-to-lock turns, depending on vegetation, topography, and planned challenge level (see sec. 23.23, ex. 01).

AMENDMENT 2309.18-2008-4

EFFECTIVE DATE: 10/16/2008

DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

2309.18_20

FSH 2309.18 - trails management handbook Chapter 20 - trail development

g. Trails with grades of 4 to 10 percent should have wider turning radii and dips and bumps, as topography allows. Depending on topography, locate 10 percent or more of the trail on a relatively straight alignment, with a maximum side slope of 30 percent.

23.23 – Exhibit 01

DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLES

GREATER THAN 50 INCHES IN WIDTH

Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.

Designed Use

FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE > 50"

Design Tread Width

Double Lane

16’

Structures (Minimum Width)

Native, with limited grading May be continuously rough Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common and continuous Native, with some on-site borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization and occasional grading Intermittently rough Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be present Native, with imported materials for tread stabilization likely and routine grading Minor roughness Sections of soft tread uncommon

Protrusions

≤ 12” May be common and continuous ≤ 8” May be common and continuous ≤ 4” May be common and continuous

Obstacles (Maximum Height)

36” May be common or placed for increased challenge 24” Common and left for increased challenge 12” Uncommon

23.23 – Exhibit 01--Continued

Designed Use

FOUR WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE < 50"

Design Grade2 Target Grade

10% – 21%

Short Pitch Maximum

Maximum Pitch Density

20% – 30% of trail

Design Cross Slope Target Cross Slope

8% – 15%

Maximum Cross Slope

15%

6’ – 8’

Width

72” – 84” Some light vegetation may encroach into clearing area 72” – 96”

96” - 144”

Shoulder Clearance

0” – 6”

1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum), see FSH 2309.18, section 05.

2 The determination of the trail-specific Design Grade, Design Surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.