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University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985 1 Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants

Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants Gary L. Wade, Extension Horticulturist, Department of Horticulture

Michael T. Mengak, Wildlife Specialist, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources

Deer like nutrition-rich plants, especially in spring and summer when does are pregnant or nursing, when young deer are growing and when bucks are growing antlers.

Fertilized plants, such as those in home landscapes, provide protein, energy-rich carbohydrates, minerals and salts. Deer also get about one-third of their water from the moisture in irrigated plants and young, succulent vegetation on expanding leaves, buds and green stems.

Nuisance deer that feast on home gardens and bucks that damage young trees by rubbing them with their antlers during the rutting season are difficult and expensive to control in residential communities. Although there are a number of commercially available deer repellents on the market, none of them are 100 percent effective. Most “home remedy” repellents, such as soap, human hair and animal dung, are unreliable. Shooting deer or using noise guns is prohibited in most residential neighborhoods, and many citizens are opposed to this method of control. Fencing whole communities or individual properties is often not practical, and may be against local ordinances or community covenants. Trapping and relocating deer is costly and often harmful or fatal to deer.

If deer are overabundant in your neighborhood, and deer herd reduction or management is not feasible, a good way to prevent deer browsing in landscapes is to plant ornamental plants that deer do not like to eat.

There is no such thing as a deer-resistant plant, and when deer populations are high and food becomes scarce, deer may feed on plants that are thought to be deer-tolerant.

However, deer generally do not like plants with pungent aromas. Some gardeners have reported success with planting strong-scented plants like lantana, catmint, chives, mint, sage or thyme adjacent to plants that deer frequently browse.

Deer also shy away from plants with prickly or rough leaves and plants with a bitter taste. Sometimes, deer browse new plantings or established plants with tender new growth, then avoid those same plants when their leaves are mature.

Over the years, wildlife organizations, universities, botanical gardens and garden writers have constructed many lists of deer-tolerant and deer-susceptible ornamental plants. Because most of these lists are constructed from observational trial-and-error data instead of controlled scientific studies, they are open for criticism. Furthermore, many variables influence deer feeding preferences.

The list below is a compilation of ornamental plants for Georgia hardiness zones that appear in published literature (see References) as well as observations by the authors. It is intended to be a guide for selecting ornamental plants for landscapes where deer browsing is a problem. Plants known to be invasive and a serious problem in natural areas, regardless of their level of deer tolerance, were excluded from the list.

Technical Exhibit 2

Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants 2 University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985

Plants Deer Occasionally or Frequently Browse (Protection is recommended)

Common Name Botanical Name American Arborvitae Thuja occidentalis American Beautyberry Callicarpa acmericana American Elder Sambucus canadensis American Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Arrow-wood Viburnum dentatum Asiatic Lilies Lilium spp.

Beech (low branches) Fagus spp.

Bittersweet Celastrus scandens Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia spp.

Blackgum Nyssa sylvatica Blanket Flower Gaillardia spp.

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Carolina Ash Fraxinus caroliniana Carolina Buckthorn Frangula caroliniana Carolina Yellow Jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens Chrysanthemum (fall mums) Chrysanthemum spp.

Coleus Coleus spp.

Cosmos Cosmos spp.

Crossvine Bignonia capreolata Daylily (prefer flowers and flower buds) Hemerocallis spp.

Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis Flowering Crabapple (small trees and low branches) Malus spp.

Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida Fothergilla (flowers and new growth) Fothergilla spp.

Fringetree Chionanthus virginicus Gerbera Daisy Gerbera jamesonii Grape Hyacinth Muscari spp.

Green Ash (tender new growth) Fraxinus pennsylvanica Greenbriar Smilax spp.

Hawthorn Crataegus spp.

Hibiscus Hibiscus spp.

Some Hollies (some, such as Lusterleaf, Mary Nell, Nellie R. Stevens, Blue)

Ilex spp.

Hollyhock Alcea spp.

Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos Hop Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana Hosta Hosta spp.

Hydrangea (bigleaf, oakleaf, climbing) Hydrangea spp.

Impatiens Impatiens walleriana Indian Hawthorn Rhaphiolepis indica Japanese Maple (tender new growth) Acer palmatum Morning Glory Ipomea spp.

Trumpet Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens Pansy Viola spp.

Petunia Petunia spp.

Redbay Persea borbonia Red Maple Acer ruburm Rhododendron Rhododendron spp.

Rose Balsam Impatiens balsamina Roses Rosa spp.

University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985 3 Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants

Plants Deer Occasionally or Frequently Browse (Protection is recommended)

Common Name Botanical Name Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea Soloman’s Seal, Polygonatum spp.

Sourwood (tender new growth) Oxydendron aroreum Strawberry Bush Euonymus ameicanus Summersweet Clethra Cletra alnifolia Swamp Cyrilla Cyrilla racemiflora Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana Sweetshrub Calycanthus floridus Titi Cliftonia monophylla Trumpet Creeper Campsis radicans Tulips Tulip spp.

Violas Viola spp.

Virginia Sweetspire Itea virginica Yew (English and Japanese) Taxus spp.

Trees Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum Carolina Silverbell Halesia carolina Cherry Laurel Prunus laurocerasus Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides Deodar Cedar Cedrus deodara Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana L.

Falsecypress Chamaecyparis spp.

Fir Abies spp.

Ginkgo Ginko biloba Goldenraintree Koelreuteria paniculata Gordonia Gordonia lasianthus Japanese Cedar Cryptomeria japonica Katsura Tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Kousa Dogwood Cornus kousa Pawpaw Asimina triloba Palm Many genera and species Pine Pinus spp.

Saucer Magnolia, Japanese Magnolia Magnolia x soulangiana Southern Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora Smoketree Cotinus obovatus Spruce Picea spp.

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Tuliptree, Tulip Poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants 4 University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985

Shrubs Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Banana Shrub Michelia figo Barberry Berberis spp.

Beautybush Kolkwitzia amabilis Bottlebrush Buckeye Aesculus parviflora Boxwood Buxus spp.

Butterfly Bush Buddleia spp.

Common Witchhazel Hamamelis virginiana Cotoneaster Cotoneaster spp.

Deutzia Deutzia spp.

Drooping Leucothoe Leucothoe fontanesiana European Fan Palm Chamaerops humilis Firethorn (Pyracantha) Pyracantha coccinea Flowering Quince Chaenomeles speciosa Gardenia Gardenia spp.

Glossy Abelia Abelia spp.

Some Hollies (yaupon, inkberry, Chinese and Japanese) See occasionally browsed list.

Ilex spp.

Japanese Andromeda Pieris japonica Japanese Plum Yew Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Rose Kerria japonica Junipers Juniperus spp.

Needle Palm Rhapidophyllum hystrix Oleander Nerium oleander Osmanthus Osmanthus spp.

Pineapple Guava Feijoa sellowiana Pomegranate Punica granatum Primrose Jasmine Jasminum mesnyi Sotol Dasylirion wheeleri Spirea Spiraea spp.

Sweet Box Sarcoccoca hookeriana Viburnum Viburnum spp.

Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera Weigela Weigela florida Winter Daphne Daphne odora Yucca Yucca filimentosa

Ornamental Grasses Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Fountaingrass Pennisetum alopecuroides Feather Reed Grass Calamagrostis spp.

Hakone Grass Hakonechloa macra Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Northern Sea Oats Chasmanthium latifolium Pampas Grass Cortaderia selloana Pink Muhly Grass Muhlenbergia capillaris Purple Moor Grass Molinia caerulea Ravenna Grass Erianthus ravennae Sedge Carex spp.

Sweet Flag Acorus spp.

Switch Grass Panicum virgatum

University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985 5 Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants

Vines and Groundcovers Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Bugleweed (Ajuga) Ajuga reptans Columbine Aquilegia spp.

Confederate Jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides Creeping Raspberry Rubus calycinoides Creeping Lantana Lantana montevidensis Dwarf Mondograss Ophiopogon japonicus Japanese Pachysandra Pachysandra terminalis Junipers Juniperus spp.

Liriope Liriope spicata Plumbago Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Prostrate Rosemary Rosemarinus officinalis ‘Prostratus’ Sweet Woodruff Galium odoratum (Asperula odorata) Thyme Thymus spp.

Annuals Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Ageratum Ageratum houstonianum Alyssum Lobularia spp.

Annual Periwinkle Catharanthus spp.

Annual Salvia Salvia spp.

Baby’s Breath Gypsophila spp.

Bachelor’s Buttons Centaurea cyanus Basil Ocimum basilicum Calendula, Pot Marigold Calendula officinalis California Poppy Eschscholzia californica Cock’s Comb Celosia spp.

Dusty Miller Centaurea cineraria Flowering Tobacco Nicotiana spp.

Lantana Lantana spp.

Marigold Tagetes spp.

Parsley Petroselinum crispum Scarlet Sage Salvia coccinea Swedish Ivy Plectranthus spp.

Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Spiderflower Cleome spp.

Strawflower Bracteantha bracteata Stock Matthiola incana Sweet Pea Lathyrus odoratus Verbena Verbena x hybrida

Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants 6 University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985

Herbaceous Perennials and Bulbs Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Allium Allium spp.

African Lily Agapanthus spp.

Amaryllis Hippeastrum spp.

Anise Hyssop Agastache spp.

Aster Aster spp.

Astilbe Astilbe spp.

Balloon Flower Platycodon grandiflorus Beebalm Monarda didyma Boltonia Boltonia spp.

Bush Cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Candytuft Iberis spp.

Cardinal Flower Lobelia spp.

Catmint Nepeta spp.

Christmas Fern Polystichum arcostichoides Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Columbine Aquilegia spp.

Crinum Lily Crinum spp.

Crocosmia Croscosmia spp.

Crocus Crocus spp.

Daffodils Narcissus spp.

Dahlia Dahlia spp.

Delphinium Delphinium spp.

Elephant Ears Alocasia spp./ Colocasia spp.

False Indigo Baptisia australis Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia Forget-Me-Not Myosotis spp.

Four O’Clock Mirabilis jalapa Foxglove Digitalis spp.

Gay-feather (Liatris) Liatris spp.

Globe Thistle Echinops spp.

Goldenrod Solidago spp.

Green Jerusalem Sage Phlomis spp.

Hens and Chickens Sempervivum spp.

Iris Iris spp.

Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphylum Lamb’s Ear Stachys byzantine Lantana Lantana spp.

Larkspur Consolida ambigua Lavender Lavandula spp.

Lavender-cotton Santolina chamaecyparissus Lenten Rose Helleborus spp.

Lily-of-the-Nile Agapanthus africanus Lupine Lupinus spp.

Marjoram Origanum marjorana May Apple Podophyllum peltatum Meadow Rue Thalictrum aquilegifolium Mint Mentha spp.

Money Plant Lunaria annua

University of Georgia Cooperative Extension & Warnell Circular 985 7 Deer-Tolerant Ornamental Plants

Herbaceous Perennials and Bulbs Deer Rarely Browse Common Name Botanical Name Oregano Oreganum vulgare Peony Paeonia spp.

Perennial Sunflower Helianthus spp.

Pinks Dianthus spp.

Poppy Papaver spp.

Primrose Primula spp.

Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Rose Campion Lychnis coronaria Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis Royal Fern Osmunda regalis Russian Sage Perovskia atriplicifolia Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis Society Garlic Tulbaghia violacea Speedwell Veronica spp.

Sweet Woodruff Galium odoratum (Asperula odorata) Statice Limonium latifolium Tansy Tanacetum vulgare Tarragon Artemisia dracunculus Threadleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis verticillata Toad Lily Tricyrtis hirta Texas Sage Salvia greggii Wallflower Cheiranthus spp.

Wild Indigo Baptisia spp.

Wormwood Artemesia spp.

Yarrow Achillea filipendulina

References

Adler, Bill Jr. 1999. Outwitting Deer. The Globe Pequot Press, ISBN: 1-55821-629-4

Appleton, Forrest. 2008. Deer in the Urban Land-scapes: Coping with the Deer by the Use of Deer- Resistant Plants.

aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/PLANTANSWERS/ publications/deerbest.html

Halls, Lowell K. and Thomas H. Ripley. 1961. Deer Browse Plants of Southern Forests. Published by the Forest Game Research Committee of the South-eastern Section of the Wildlife Society.

Hart, Rhonda Massingham. 1997. Deer Proofing Your Yard and Garden. Stipes Publishing Co.

ISBN:088266-988-5

Landscape Plants Rated by Deer Resistance. Rutgers University Cooperative Extension.

www.njaes.rutgers.edu/deerresistance/

Larson, Richard. 2001. Deer-Resistant Plants – Shrubs and Trees for the Deer-Plagued Gardener. Brook-lyn Botanic Garden.

www.bbg.org/gardening/article/deer-resistant/

Moreland, David. A Checklist of the Woody and Her-baceous Deer Food Plants of Louisiana. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.

Nuss, Robert J. 2001. Deer Resistant Plants. Penn State Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet No. GH001. pike.

extension.psu.edu/Horticulture/DeerResistpl.html

Perry, Leonard. Choosing Deer-resistant Landscape Plants. University of Vermont Department of Plant and Soil Sciences.

www.uvm.edu/pss/ppp/articles/deerplants.html

Cover Photo by: David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org

Circular 985 Reviewed April 2013

The University of Georgia and Ft. Valley State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and counties of the state cooperating. Cooperative Extension, the Uni-versity of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, offers educational programs, assistance and materials to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, age, gender or disability.

The University of Georgia is committed to principles of equal opportunity and affirmative action.

Planning Planning is the first step to a better landscape. Plants that are suited to a site need less fertilizer, water and pesticides.

There are four essential components of planning:

Site Analysis

• Check a site’s sun, wind and drainage before choosing a plant. A plant that needs shade will do poorly in the sun, becoming stressed and insect-prone. A plant that needs good air circulation will likely need a fungicide to control disease if it is planted in an area with no air movement. During rainy periods, control water runoff by diverting downspouts, planting across a slope to give water a chance to soak into the ground, or using a groundcover on steep areas to prevent erosion.

Size

• A common mistake is to choose plants that will quickly outgrow a site and either need constant pruning or replacement in a few years. Crowded plants grow poorly, and are more prone to insects and diseases.

Water Needs

• Follow the water-efficient principles below to create an attractive landscape that requires less water, fertilizer and maintenance than a traditional lawn.

w Group plants with similar moisture needs together.

Many established shrubs and trees cango several weeks without supplemental water, while annual flowers may need more than an inch of irrigation per week.

w Plan practical turf areas such as a play space or an area near the home’s front entrance to contrast with planted beds. Use mulch, shrub borders or ground covers in other areas.

Environmentally Friendly Landscape Practices By Robert R. Westerfield, Extension Horticulturist and

Daryl Pulis, Master Gardener Advanced Training Coordinator

Georgia Homeowners spend thousands of dollars each year on fertilizer, water and pesticides for their landscapes. Much of this is applied incorrectly or unnecessarily, wasting money and polluting our environment. With proper planning, planting and maintenance, a healthier landscape can be created with less expense, less work and less damage to the world around us.

w Flower beds need more water than other parts of the landscape. Plan your flower beds where they will provide the most impact for the least effort. Use flowering shrubs and trees for color instead of annu-als and perennials.

Plants

• Choose the right plant for the right place.

w Pest- and disease-resistant plants require fewer pesticides and fungicides.

w Learn about your area’s hardiness zone and choose plants suited to your area. Hardiness zone maps show the average low temperature. Heat zone maps show how many days per year the temperature exceeds 86 degrees.

w Use native plants that are adapted to Georgia’s weather extremes. Create an environment similar to their natural habitat so they can thrive in your landscape.

w Before buying a plant, check it carefully for insect pests. Also look for good color and strong growth.

Avoid plants with spots, mildew or other defects.

Inspect the root system for possible damage by in-verting the plant and gently pulling the pot from the rootball. Dead and decayed roots mean the plant was not well cared for and will not grow well.

Did You Know?

The cooling effect from the average lawn is equal to more than 8 tons of air conditioning; the average home central-air unit produces only 3 to 4 tons.

Technical Exhibit 3

Environmentally Friendly Landscape Practices UGA Cooperative Extension Circular 967

Planting Proper planting is the key to healthy plants that can resist drought, insects and diseases. A well-prepared planting bed, dug to a depth of 12-15 inches and en-riched with organic matter, encourages strong root de-velopment for shrub masses, islands and flower borders.

• Dig the bed and remove rocks and clods. Add lime, if indicated by a soil test. Incorporate approximately 2 inches of coarse organic matter such as bark mini nuggets or chips plus 2 inches of fine organic materi-al such as compost. Peat moss by itself is not recom-mended because it breaks down quickly in Georgia’s climate and is difficult to rewet once it dries. Thor-oughly mix the organic matter with the native soil.

• When planting individual trees and shrubs, omit the organic matter and break up the native soil in a wide area around the planting hole. The panting hole should be at least twice the diameter of the root ball.

• Loosen and spread apart root balls to encourage roots to grow outward and to allow water to penetrate into the root mass.

• Before planting, check sub-surface drainage by filling the hole with water and allowing it to drain.

If water stays in the planting hole for more than an hour, drainage is poor and needs to be corrected before planting. A slope is no guarantee of good sub-surface drainage. Raised beds or drainage tile may need to be incorporated to improve the site.

Grouping plants together in a mulched bed instead of planting in individual holes keeps larger root areas cool and moist, providing better conditions for plant growth. It’s also easier to mow around large areas than small ones.

After planting, mulch immediately with organic materials that slowly release nutrients and improve soil quality as they break down. Mulch moderates soil tem-peratures, reduces water needs and helps prevent weeds and erosion. Mulch also eliminates damage from string trimmers and lawn mowers.

• Apply mulch 2-4 inches deep and extend it past the drip line of your plants. To prevent disease and insect damage, pull mulch away from the plant stem or trunk.

• Do not use plastic under mulch. Plastic film severely limits water and oxygen movement to plant roots.

Landscape fabrics may be used, but weed and grass seeds that blow onto the fabric and root through it make removal difficult.

• Two or three layers of newspaper may be dampened and placed under mulch. It will break down gradu-ally and help suppress weeds and conserve moisture while your plants are getting established. Modern soy-based newspaper inks do not pose a threat to the environment.

Earthworms carry bits of organic mulch into the soil while bringing up nutrients from deep in the earth as they create channels for air and moisture, improving the soil. Earthworms can consume their own weight in organic matter each day.

• Suitable mulches include pine straw, pine bark nug-gets, mini-nuggets, and shredded leaves, hardwood mulch and cypress. Shredded products and pine straw are less likely to wash away during rain.

• Avoid heavy applications of grass clippings, which mat and repel water. Peanut hulls are not recom-mended because they can carry pests. Wood chips should be aged since fresh chips may release toxic substances into the soil and absorb nitrogen in the break-down process.

Maintenance Water according to plant needs. Newly planted trees and shrubs need frequent watering. Many established plants can survive weeks without supplemental irrigation.

• Sprinklers can waste up to 30-50 percent of water applied. Instead, use drip irrigation or soaker hoses that apply water to the roots of the plants.

• When using sprinklers, water after dew has fallen in the evening and before it begins to dry in the morn-ing to avoid wet foliage, which is more susceptible to fungus and diseases.

• Wet the soil to a depth of 6-8 inches to promote deep root growth. Soil moisture sensors are available for automated systems to prevent over-irrigation. A rain gauge will help you determine supplemental water-ing needs.

• Check sprinkler heads at least once per season to ensure that they are applying water evenly and not wasting water on walks, drives and streets.

• Irrigate between 9 p.m. and 9 a.m. to reduce evapo-ration and discourage diseases.

• Water lawns only when they need it. Many turfgrass-es such as bermuda can go dormant during times of low rainfall and will recover when rainfall returns to normal. You might need to water if you leave foot-prints when you walk across the lawn, or if the lawn has a blue cast.

Remember, clay soils take about an inch of water to moisten soil to an adequate depth (6 to 8 inches).

If more than that is being applied by your sprinkler system, reset your timer cycle. Conversely, if your sprinkler is watering significantly less, have the cycle set longer.

UGA Cooperative Extension Circular 967 Environmentally Friendly Landscape Practices

On a still morning, if you see clouds of mist floating away above your sprinkler, water pressure to the sprinkler head may need to be adjusted. The atomized water is wasted.

• Check soil moisture at the root zone before watering.

Some annual and perennial flowers and shrubs may wilt in the afternoon heat but will recover by morn-ing if the soil is moist.

Fertilize according to soil test results and label recom-mendations. If soil pH is too high or low, plants will perform poorly. Excess fertilizer may burn plants, cause weak, spindly growth that is more susceptible to insects, or pollute lakes and streams.

• Slow-release fertilizers release nutrients according to temperature and moisture availability, allow more even plant growth and prevent nutrient loss from leaching and runoff.

• Many dry “organic” fertilizers slowly make nutri-ents available to the plant and are less likely to leach away than liquid fertilizers. They typically cost more than synthetic fertilizers and may be needed at higher rates to provide the same quantity of nutrients. How-ever, they may contain needed micronutrients, and many add beneficial organic material to the soil.

• Calibrate your spreader before applying fertilizer.

Improperly calibrated spreaders may apply too much fertilizer, which can damage plants and cause runoff and ground water pollution.

• Sweep up any fertilizer that spills onto walks, drive-ways and streets and can cause serious pollution problems when it runs off into storm drains, streams and lakes.

• Most mature trees and shrubs need little or no supplemental fertilizer. They get many nutrients from the breakdown of organic mulches.

• Avoid fertilizing during dry periods. Fertilizing stimulates new growth that requires more water.

• New-lawn fertilizers made of corn gluten meal pro-vide nitrogen and may suppress some weeds.

Pruning – A properly spaced plant should not need heavy pruning for several years. If you prune to reduce size within five years of planting, you probably planted the wrong plant in the wrong place.

• Pruning may be needed to shape young plants, allow better air circulation in dense plants, or remove dead, diseased or damaged tissue.

• Avoid shearing, which increases a plant’s need for water. Instead, frequently thin branches selectively to give a more natural shape.

• In general, prune spring-flowering shrubs immedi-ately after flowering, and prune summer-flowering shrubs before spring growth begins. Pruning spring-flowering plants in the fall and winter will remove flower buds and may decrease cold hardiness.

• Avoid pruning during drought. Pruning stimulates growth, which requires more water.

In grasscycling (letting grass clippings stay on the lawn), nitrogen fertilizer may be reduced with no reduction in turf quality.

Good landscape management practices reduce insect and disease problems. Walk around your landscape regularly to become familiar with your plants’ normal color and growth and look for abnormalities.

• Poor drainage, severe heat, cold, drought, mechani-cal damage, herbicide drift and overfertilizing are the most common causes of landscape problems.

• To help reduce weed, disease and insect problems, mow no more than one-third of the grass blade, fer-tilize according to soil test results and water deeply but infrequently.

• Check regularly for damaged or diseased plants.

Shake branches to dislodge insects.

• Many times, insects do not cause plant damage. Less than 3 percent of the world’s insects are pests; the rest are neutral or are beneficial pollinators or preda-tors of other insects.

• Preserve all the beneficial insects you can. Since beneficial insect populations rebound slower than pest populations, killing all insects may leave more severe problems than before.

• Catching a problem early allows for treatment before the disease or insect infestation becomes overwhelm-ing. Many times, pruning the infected branch or dislodging insects with a strong jet of water is all that is needed.

• Contact your local Extension office for information on the best product to use and the proper time to ap-ply it. Many insects and diseases are only vulnerable to pesticides at certain life stages. Consider using organic products that are less harmful to humans and the environment.

• Follow all label directions exactly. Pesticides are poisons that can be dangerous to people, pets and the environment if misused.

The University of Georgia and Ft. Valley State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and counties of the state cooperating. Cooperative Extension, the Uni-versity of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, offers educational programs, assistance and materials to all people without regard to race, color, national origin, age, gender or disability.

The University of Georgia is committed to principles of equal opportunity and affirmative action.

Circular 967 Revised June 2009

Suggested References University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Publications

Care of Ornamental Plants in the Landscape. B-1065 Flowering Annuals for Georgia Gardens. B-954 Bulbs for Georgia Gardens. B-918 Flowering Perennials for Georgia Gardens. B-944 Ground Covers. C-928 Pruning Ornamental Plants in the Landscape. B-961 Soil Preparation and Planting Procedures for

Ornamental Plants in the Landscape. B-932 Soil Testing for Home Lawns, Gardens and Wildlife

Food Plots. C-896

Other Publications Gardening with Native Plants of the South, Wasowski and Wasowski, Taylor Publishing Gardening ’Round Atlanta, Aronovitz and Werner, Eldorado Landscape Plants of the Southeast, Halfacre and Shawcroft, Sparks Press Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Michael Dirr, Stipes Native Shrubs and Woody Vines of the Southeast, Foote and Jones, Timber Press A Southern Gardener’s Book of Lists, Lois Trigg Chaplin, Taylor Publishing

Landscape Plants for Georgia

Technical Exhibit 4

Contents Introduction Definitions of Terms Plant Hardiness Zones Vines Ground Covers Ornamental Grasses Symbolic Forms of Shrubs Small Shrubs Medium Shrubs Large Shrubs Symbolic Forms of Trees Small Trees Large Trees

Appreciation is expressed to Thomas Williams, Jr., Head, Extension Landscape Department (retired), The University of Georgia, on whose work portions of this publication are based. Also to Gerald E. Smith, Extension Horticulturist (retired), University of Georgia, for helpful suggestions in the original revision. To Will Corley, Georgia Experiment Station (retired), for information pertaining to ornamental grasses, and to other individuals and organizations who contributed information. Appreciation also to the following for artwork: Gregg Coyle, Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture, the Extension Art Department and Howard Ellis, former intern in Extension Landscape Architecture Department.

Editors note: This publication needs major revisions. All plants on the GA-EPPC invasive plant list have been removed from the original version of this publication.

Landscape Plants for Georgia James T. Midcap

Department of Horticulture College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Neal Weatherly, Jr.

School of Environmental Design

Landscape Plants for Georgia is an effort to compile a list of good plants organized into various sizes and groups. It does not list all available plant materials but rather brings together the best possible groupings according to the principles and requirements of good landscape design and plant maintenance. It is not possi-ble to offer pictures of the plants. Many publications, books and web sites, however, have good plant pictures.

The design qualities of plants—their form, size, color and texture—are of major emphasis. Hardiness and dis-ease and insect resistant qualities are also considered when selecting good landscape plants.

Definitions of Terms Used CLASS: For identification, plants are divided into three major classes or groups: evergreen conifers, broad-leaved evergreens and deciduous plants.

CONIFER: Most conifers are cone-bearing and have needle-like foliage. Examples are pine and cedar.

DECIDUOUS: A deciduous plant sheds its foliage in the fall or winter. Flowering dogwood, maple and spirea are examples.

BOTANICAL NAME: This refers to the scientific name recognized the world over. Cornus florida is the botanical name of flowering dogwood.

Botanical names are listed according to Index of Garden Plants by Mark Griffiths, 1994, Timber Press.

BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN: This refers to broad-leaved plants that retain foliage the entire year. Exam-ples are boxwood and camellia.

COMMON NAME: Common plant names may vary from region to region. For this reason scientific names are included in this publication to establish the true identity of the plant.

TEXTURE: Plant foliage is usually defined as being fine-, medium-, or coarse-textured, depending upon the size, density and arrangement of its leaves. Southern mag-nolia is an example of coarse foliage texture.

FORM: Form refers to the shape or general outline of the plant. Boxwood has a rounded form. Pyracantha is irregular.

NORMAL GEORGIA HEIGHT: Due to environmental conditions, such as variations in soil, temperature, fertility and moisture, exact growing heights of plants cannot be established. “Normal Georgia Height” is a term used to designate average size after reasonable maturity. It is intended for use only as a guide.

SPECIMEN: This is a plant with desirable form, foliage, fruit or flower that can be separated from other plants to emphasize its desirable characters.

GEORGIA’S HARDY ZONES: The plant hardiness zones used in this publication (see map, page 4) denote areas in the state where a plant has the best chance of survival and growth. The zones are based on the average minimum temperature the plant will tolerate. The numbers and letters in parentheses are the zone designations used in the reference publication. Source of this information is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1475, Agricultural Research Service, 1990.

Revised by Matthew Chappell Department of Horticulture

College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Range of average annual mini-mum temperatures for each zone

Zone Range in degrees F

6b -5 to 0

7a 0 to 5 7b 5 to 10 8a 10 to 15 8b 15 to 20

Georgia Plant Hardiness Zones

Vines . . .

Vines have many uses in the landscape. They may be used to soften unattractive walls and fences or to create exciting shadow patterns on blank surfaces. Many are desirable because of their evergreen foliage. Some have attractive flowers and/or berries to brighten or accent a landscape feature or attract wildlife. Vines provide attractive screening and privacy when used on trellises and fences.

As a general rule, residential building lots are becoming smaller, and appropriate plant material must be selected if the valuable space is to be used to best advantage. This class of plants is very useful in small gardens where planting space is limited.

. . . and Their Characteristics Botanical Name and

COMMON NAME

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Antigonon leptopus 8 medium to coarse fast deciduous Blooms in late summer with coral-pink flowers.CORAL VINE

Bignonia capreolata entire state medium fast evergreen Red, orange or yellow spring flowers.CROSS VINE*

Clematis armandii

ARMAND CLEMATIS

7,8 coarse medium to fast broad-leaved evergreen

Large glossy leaves, fragrant white spring flowers.

Clematis × jackmanii 6b, 7 fine medium deciduous Large purple flowers.

JACKMAN CLEMATIS

Clematis terniflora entire state medium medium to fast deciduous Fragrant white flowers in late summer.SWEETAUTUMN

CLEMATIS

× Fatshedra lizei 7b, 8 coarse medium slow broad-leaved evergreen

Semi-climbing shrub or vine. Needs support.FATSHEDRA

Botanical Name and

COMMON NAME

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Ficus pumila 8 fine slow to medium broad-leaved evergreen

Clings close to wall.

CLIMBING FIG

Gelsemium rankinii entire state fine medium broad-leaved evergreen

Yellow, trumpet flowers spring and fall.SWAMP JESSAMINE*

Gelsemium sempervirens entire state fine medium broad-leaved evergreen

Yellow, trumpet-like flowers in spring. Hardy, one of our best vines.CAROLINA YELLOW

JESSAMINE*

Hedera canarienseis 8 coarse medium broad-leaved evergreen

Very coarse foliage. Sun or semi-shade.ALGERIAN IVY

Lonicera × heckrottii entire state medium slow to medium semi-evergreen Coral-red flowers in summer.GOLDFLAME

HONEYSUCKLE

Lonicera sempervirens entire state medium slow to medium deciduous Red, Orange to yellow spring flowers.TRUMPET

HONEYSUCKLE*

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

VIRGINIA CREEPER*

entire state coarse medium deciduous Large palmately compound leaves. Good red fall color.

Can become invasive.

Parthenocissus tricuspidata entire state coarse medium deciduous Lustrous three lobed leaves with good red fall color. BOSTON IVY

Rosa banksiae ‘Lutea’ 7b, 8 fine fast semi-evergreen Yellow double flowers.

LADY BANKSROSE

Rosa species

CLIMBING ROSES

entire state fine to medium fast deciduous Numerous varieties and colors. Subject to disease and insects.

Sarcococca hookeriana var.

humilis entire state fine slow broad-leaved evergreen

Bright green foliage for shady sites.

SWEETBOX

Smilax lanceolata entire state medium fast broad-leaved evergreen

Bright green foliage for cutting.LANCELEAF

GREENBRIER*

Trachelospermum asiaticum 7b, 8 fine medium broad-leaved evergreen

Foliage similar to Vinca minor.ASIATIC JASMINE

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Trachelospermum jasminoides STAR or CONFED-

ERATE JASMINE

8 medium medium broad-leaved evergreen

Good foliage. White fragrant flowers in spring.

Variegated form available.

Wisteria frutescens

AMERICAN WISTERIA*

entire state medium fast deciduous Lilac purple late spring flowers. More restrained than others.

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

Ground Covers . . .

Ground covers are very versatile. In addition to sunny open locations, selected ground covers are especially useful on steep slopes and densely shaded areas where other plants are more difficult to establish and maintain. Many ground covers are excellent for preventing soil erosion; while others are helpful in carrying out design patterns. Evergreen ground covers are particularly useful in establishing both formal and informal designs in residential and public landscapes. Ground cover plants are usually more satisfactory in narrow planters than shrubs.

Ground cover usually ranges from a few inches to a foot or more in height. In the evergreen class, English ivy and common periwinkle have rich green foliage, making them particularly valuable in landscape design. Several of the recommended plants have attractive seasonal flowers.

Certain ground covers may become invasive once they become established and require heavy maintenance to keep them in bounds. Ground covers are often cites as being low maintenance.

However, they all require some maintenance such as weeding, pruning or fertilization to look their best.

. . . and Their Characteristics Botanical Name and

COMMON NAME

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Exposure Texture

Normal GA Height

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Ajuga reptans entire state semi-shade medium 2-4" medium to fast evergreen Needs good drainage.

Blue or white flowers.CARPET BUGLE

Ardisia japonica 8b semi-shade medium 8-12" slow evergreen Excellent evergreen ground cover.JAPANESE ARDISIA

Aspidistra elatior 7b, 8 shade coarse 18-24" medium evergreen Drought tolerant, bold texture.CAST IRON PLANT

Dryopteris ludoviciana

SOUTHERN SHIELD

FERN

entire state shade fine 24-36" medium deciduous Mass plantings, good green filler with fine texture.

Cotoneaster species SEE SMALL SHRUBS (page 18)

GROUNDCOVER

COTONEASTER

Cyrtomiun falcatum 8b semi-shade to shade coarse 1-2' medium evergreen Dark green foliage.

HOLLY FERN

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Exposure Texture

Normal GA Height

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Festuca ovina var.

glauca

6b, 7a prefers some shade fine 6-8" slow evergreen ornamental grass

Best with irrigation.

BLUE FESCUE

Gardenia augusta ‘Radicans’

7b, 8 sun to semi-shade fine 18-24" slow evergreen Small, white, fragrant flowers in summer.

CREEPING

GARDENIA

Hedera canariensis 8 shade to sun coarse 6-8" slow to medium evergreen Good groundcover.

ALGERIAN IVY

Helleborus orientalis 6, 7 semi-shade to shade coarse 12-15" slow to medium evergreen White to rose colored flowers in January and February.LENTEN ROSE

Hemerocallis species

DAYLILY

entire state sun to semi-shade medium 2-3' medium to fast deciduous to evergreen

Very hardy. Numerous flower colors.

Hypericum calycium 6b, 7 sun to semi-shade medium 8-12" medium to fast semi-evergreen

Yellow flowers in summer.AARON’S BEARD

ST. JOHNSWORT

Iberis sempervirens 6b, 7 sun to semi-shade fine 6-8" medium evergreen White flowers in spring.

EVERGREEN

CANDYTUFT

Juniperus chinensis var.

sargentii entire state sun fine 18-24" medium evergreen conifer

Very hardy. Good win-ter color. Needs good drainage.SARGENT JUNIPER

Juniperus conferta entire state sun fine 18-24" medium evergreen conifer

Hardy to sandy shore.

SHORE JUNIPER

Juniperus conferta entire state sun fine 10-12" medium evergreen conifer

Blue-gray foliage. Short vertical stems.‘Blue Pacific’

BLUE PACIFIC

JUNIPER

Juniperus conferta entire state sun fine 10-12" medium evergreen conifer

Bright green foliage.

Compact.‘Emerald Sea’

EMERALD SEA

JUNIPER

Juniperus davurica ‘Expansa’ entire state sun fine 18-24" medium to fast evergreen conifer

Very hardy. Good win-ter color.

PARSONS JUNIPER

Juniperus horizontalis ‘Plumosa Compacta’ entire state sun fine 1-2' slow evergreen conifer

Denser, more compact than Andorra.

ANDORRA COM-

PACTA JUNIPER

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Exposure Texture

Normal GA Height

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Juniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltoni’ entire state sun fine 4-6" medium evergreen conifer

Hugs ground.

BLUE RUG

JUNIPER

Juniperius procumbens entire state sun fine 1-2' slow evergreen conifer

Handsome in beds, terraces and slopes.JAP GARDEN

JUNIPER

Juniperius procumbens ‘Nana’ entire state sun fine 6-8" very slow evergreen conifer

Only spreading juniper suitable for restricted spaces.DWARF JAP GAR-

DEN JUNIPER

Ophiopogon japonicus 7, 8 semi-shade to shade medium 8-12" medium evergreen Hardy, makes dense mat. DWARF LILYTURF or MONDO GRASS

Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’

DWARF MONDO

GRASS

7, 8 semi-shade to shade medium 3" slow evergreen Dwarf form.

Pachysandra terminalis 6b, 7a shade medium 6-12" medium evergreen Requires moist shade in heat.PACHYSANDRA

Phlox subulata entire state sun fine 4-8" medium to fast evergreen Rose, white, lilac flowers.MOSS PHLOX or

THRIFT*

Santolina chamaecyparissus entire state sun fine 1-2' medium evergreen Good for hot, dry sites.

Gray foliage, yellow-orange flowers.LAVENDER

COTTON

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Exposure Texture

Normal GA Height

Growth Rate Class Remarks

Santolina virens

GREEN LAVENDER

COTTON

entire state sun fine 1-2' medium evergreen Good for hot, dry sites.

Green foliage, orange flowers.

Saxifraga stolonifera 7b, 8 shade fine 4-6" medium evergreen White flowers in summer.STRAWBERRY

GERANIUM

Trachelospermum asiaticum

7b, 8 sun to semi-shade fine 4-6" medium evergreen Excellent groundcover.

ASIATIC JASMINE

Yucca filamentosa ADAM’S NEEDLE or

BEARGRASS*

entire state sun coarse 2-3' slow evergreen White flower spikes in summer.

Zamia integrifolia

COONTIE PALM*

8b sun to shade coarse 2-3' slow evergreen cycad

Accent plant, native groundcover.

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table ** Can be grown in full sun in North Georgia with proper care. Should have partial shade or irrigation in South Georgia.

Ornamental Grasses . . .

Ornamental grasses, long popular in certain European countries, are experiencing a rise in popularity among the southern gardeners.

Grasses adapted to landscape plantings fall primarily into two categories: 1) the perennial grasses which with just a few exceptions, are large-growing, clump-type grasses; and 2) the annual grasses, utilized most often accents or drifts in the herbaceous border.

All of the grasses listed in this section are perennials except for two of the fountain grasses which are annuals. Except for the Blue Fescue (Festuca ovina glauca), a ground cover, all of the ornamental grasses are listed in this section.

Pampas grass is the most widely recognized orna-mental grass. Pampas and the other selections in the ornamental group are used as specimen or accent plants, for contrast in shrub borders or herba-ceous borders and for informal mass plantings.

All grasses die back to the ground in winter; consequently, all will need to be cut back to the ground before new growth emerges in spring. Despite this limitation, the taller-growing plants in this group make excellent seasonal screens and informal hedges. If properly handled, the flower or panicle portion of several selections make excellent material for dried arrangements.

...and Their Characteristics

Botanical Name and

COMMON NAME

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Height Spread

Panicle Length Exposure

Landscape Remarks Cultural Remarks

Chasmanthium latifolium

UPLAND SEA OATS*

entire state fine 30-36" 18-24" 8" sun to light shade

Very attractive seed heads. Can become aggres-sive.

Will tolerate wet feet.

Self sows. Shade for Zone 8.

Cortaderia selloana

PAMPAS GRASS

7b, 8 fine to medium

7-8' 5-6' 20" sun Male and female plants. Female has fuller plumes.

Most drought tolerant.

Cortaderia selloana ‘Nana’

DWARF PAMPAS

GRASS

entire state medium 3' 3½-4' 2' sun White female plumes.

Very cold hardy.

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Height Spread

Panicle Length Exposure

Landscape Remarks Cultural Remarks

Elymus glaucus

BLUE WILD RYE

entire state medium 4-5' 3-4' 10" sun Bluish-gray foliage.

Spreads slowly by rhizomes.

Panicum virgatum ‘Prairie Sky’

PRAIRIE SKY

SWITCH GRASS

entire state fine 4-5' 3' 12" sun Outstanding blue foliage on arching plant.

Golden fall foliage.

Pennisetum alopecuroides

DWARF FOUNTAIN

GRASS

entire state fine 24-30" 2' 3" sun Plumes less showy than annual species.

Good companion for perennials.

Pennisetum setaceum

FOUNTAIN GRASS

an annual fine 4-4½’ 4' 12" sun Rose colored foliage and panicles.

Must replant every year.

Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’

CRIMSON

FOUNTAIN GRASS

an annual fine 4-4½' 4' 12" sun Crimson or burgundy foliage and panicles.

Must replant every year.

Pennisetum villosum

FEATHERTOP

GRASS

7b, 8 fine 2-3' 2' 3" sun Showy creamy panicles.

Even with dead head-ing, blooms once per year.

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Height Spread

Panicle Length Exposure

Landscape Remarks Cultural Remarks

Sacchaarum ravennae

RAVENNA GRASS

(HARDY PAMPAS)

entire state medium to coarse

8-9' 3-4' 20" sun Robust plant. Clump forming. Divide every 3-4 years.

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

Shrubs . . .

Their Symbolic Forms

Small Shrubs - 1 to 5 Feet . . .

Contemporary homes seldom have any discernible foundation, consequently fewer tall-growing shrubs are needed. More of the plants selected for the base of this type of residence should come from these small shrubs. Small shrubs are also very useful in guarding against overcrowding and overgrowth. Many plants in this size range are also desirable for their mass foliage and/or flowering effects. In addition, they are valuable in small lots where ground space is at a premium.

The 1- to 2-foot size shrubs are particularly well suited for raised planters.

The smaller, compact growing species are often used to stabilize design lines in formal gardens and for edging walks and plant beds.

Plants in the upper range of this class that reach 4 or 5 feet in height form an effective background for perennials and annuals.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Botanical Name and

COMMON NAME

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Form

Normal

GA

Height

Growth Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Abelia × ‘Edward Goucher’ entire state fine irregular to oval

4-5' slow sun, semi-shade semi-evergreen

Lilac-pink flowers.

EDWARD GOUCHER

ABELIA

Abelia × grandiflora ‘Sherwoodii’ entire state fine irregular to spreading

2-3' slow sun, semi-shade semi-evergreen

White flowers

SHERWOOD DWARF

ABELIA

Aucuba japonica ‘Nana’ entire state coarse oval 3-4' slow shade, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Attractive foliage and berries.DWARF AUCUBA

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Form

Normal

GA

Height

Growth Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Buxus microphylla var.

japonica

7,8 fine rounded 3-5' slow sun, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Good color and easy to maintain.

JAPANESE

BOXWOOD

Buxus microphylla var.

koreana

6b, 7 fine rounded 2-3' slow semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Very hardy, useful for low hedges.

KOREAN BOXWOOD

Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’

6b, 7 fine rounded 2-4' very slow semi-shade, shade broad-leaved evergreen

Will grow large with age.

TRUE DWARF

BOXWOOD

Camellia hiemalis

DWARF SASANQUA

7b, 8 medium spreading compact

3-5' very slow sun, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Foliage very similar to Sasanqua.

Cultivars Including Cultivar Flower Flower Form Shi Shi Gashira (Beni-Kan-Tsubaki)

Red Double-formal to rose form

More compact.

Showa-No-Sakae (Usubeni)

Soft Pink Semi-double to double rose form

Suitable for espaliering.

Cephlotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea entire state medium to fine spreading 2-3' medium sun, semi-shade evergreen conifer

Vase-shaped.

Shade in Zone 8.

JAPANESE PLUM

YEW

Cephlotaxus harringtonia ‘Fastigiata’ entire state medium to fine upright 3-5' slow sun, semi-shade conifer Accent for re-stricted spaces.

Shade in Zone 8.UPRIGHT PLUM

YEW

Cephlotaxus harringtonia ‘Prostrata’ entire state medium to fine spreading 2-4" medium sun, semi-shade evergreen conifer

Prostrate in habit.

Shade in Zone 8.

SPREADING PLUM

YEW

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Form

Normal

GA

Height

Growth Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Chaenomeles japonica entire state medium oval 30-36" slow sun deciduous Orange or scarlet red flowers in springJAPANESE

FLOWERING

QUINCE

Chamaerops humilis 8b coarse upright-clumping

2-4' slow sun, semi-shade evergreen palm

Multi-trunk due to suckers.EUROPEAN FAN

PALM

Clethra alnifolia ‘Hummingbird’

6b, 7 fine upright spreading

2-3' medium sun, semi-shade deciduous White fragrant flowers in mid summer.HUMMINGBIRD

SUMMERSWEET*

Cotoneaster dammeri

BEARBERRY

COTONEASTER

6b, 7 fine spreading 12-18" medium sun broad-leaved evergreen

Some cultivars reach 4' tall. Sus-ceptible to mites.

Cotoneaster horizontalis

ROCKSPRAY

COTONEASTER

6b, 7 fine spreading 2-3' medium sun semi-evergreen

Fishbone branch-ing pattern. Sus-ceptible to mites.

Daphne odora

WINTER DAPHNE

7, 8 fine to medium rounded 3-4' slow semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Flowers in win-ter.

Tempera-mental plant.

Deutzia gracilis 6b, 7 medium to fine rounded 3-4' slow sun, semi-shade deciduous Very hardy with pale green foliage.SLENDER DEUTZIA

Fothergilla gardenii ‘Mt. Airy’ entire state medium rounded 4-5' medium sun, semi-shade deciduous Abundant white spring flowers, great fall color.MT. AIRY

FOTHERGILLA*

Gardenia augusta ‘Radicans‘

7b, 8 fine spreading 18-24" slow sun, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Fragrant white flowers.

CREEPING

GARDENIA

Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’

6b, 7 coarse rounded 3-5' medium semi-shade, shade deciduous Large heads of white flowers in early summer. ANNABELLE

HYDRANGEA

Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Pia’ entire state coarse rounded 2-3' slow semi-shade deciduous A true dwarf with heavy flowering.

PIA FRENCH

HYDRANGEA

Georgia’s Hardy Zone Texture Form

Normal

GA

Height

Growth Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’

DWARF YAUPON

HOLLY*

7, 8 fine rounded 3-5' slow sun, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

Hardy tough shrub. New growth green.

Ilex vomitoria ‘Schillings’ 7, 8 fine rounded to spreading

3-4' slow sun, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

New growth red.

SCHILLINGS DWARF

YAUPON*

Ilex vomitoria Bordeaux(TM)

7, 8 fine rounded 3-4' slow sun, semi-shade broad-leaved evergreen

New growth on branch tips is red.

BORDEAUX DWARF

YAUPON*

Itea virginica ‘Henry’s Garnet’ entire state medium rounded 3-4' medium sun…