Buffalo_Bridge_Inspection_Report_2016.pdf

Bridge Number:

Region 6

FT. NIOBRARA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

BUFFALO

Type of Inspection:

BRIDGE INSPECTION AND APPRAISAL REPORT

Date of Inspection:

64520-00018

Routine

Date of Report:

07/12/2016

08/12/2016

Prepared by: Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceSubmitted by:

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Geocal, Inc.

Division of Engineering

Dam, Bridge & Seismic Safety Branch

Arlington, VA

MAPS 2

BRIDGE IDENTIFICATION, USE, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 3

RECOMMENDED WORK AND ESTIMATED COSTS 4

SIGN RECOMMENDATIONS AND LOAD RATINGS 7

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMENTS 8

CONDITION RATINGS 9

SKETCHES 16

PHOTOGRAPHS 18

TYPICAL SIGNS 28

RATING VEHICLES 29

URGENT ITEM FORM FORT NIOBRARA BUFFALO 64520-00018-SIGNED 30

PAGESECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

64520-00018 08/12/20162

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Station: FT. NIOBRARA NWR

Bridge Name: BUFFALO

Bridge Location: 1.6 MI NE OF OFFICE

Road on Bridge: WILDERNESS ACCESS

Feature Crossed: NIOBRARA RIVER

Region: 6

State: Nebraska

Bridge Identification and Location

County: 031 - Cherry

Bridge Number: 64520-00018

Bridge Features

Main Structure Type: 402 - Steel

Deck Type:

Deck Surface:

Year Built:

Year Rebuilt:

Type Construction/Materials:

Width (Curb-Curb):

1 - Concrete cast-in-place

1 - Concrete

Concrete deck and steel girders on concrete abutments and piers. Concrete slab approach spans, two at each end.

0010.0

Width (Out-Out):

No. of Main Spans:

Max Span Length:

Total Length:

0011.3

0000211

Bridge Use

In-Use (Y/N): Y

Public Use (Y/N):

Type Use:

Average Daily Traffic (ADT):

N

The bridge provides primary FWS and emergency access to Wilderness Area on north side of Niobrara River. Bridge also serves an important function in the movement of livestock. The narrow one-lane bridge carries two-way traffic.

000010

Summary of Findings

The summary condition of the bridge is 'FAIR'.

There are no load posting signs at the approaches. There are no object markers at the corners of the bridge. There is considerable scaling and spalling of the concrete pier walls and the reinforcing bars are exposed in several areas.

The bottoms of the wingwall footings are exposed at the west abutment. A small sinkhole in the west approach roadway has been filled with stones in the past and may indicate ongoing settlement of the roadway fill. The concrete under the girder bearing areas has numerous small cracks and minor deterioration due to water leaking down from the expansion joints in the deck. There are numerous transverse cracks in the concrete deck surface that allow water to penetrate and promote corrosion of the reinforcing bars. There is a small amount of sand on the deck at the ends of the bridge and at the curbs that also traps moisture and prevents proper drainage.

Lead Inspector:

Inspector Organization:

Jason Triplett, P.E.

Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc.

Date of Inspection:

Date of Report:

07/12/2016

08/12/2016

Asset Number: 10030429

Ft.

Ft.

Ft.

Ft.

Year of ADT: 16

Bridge Identification, Use, Summary of Findings

64520-00018 08/12/20163

Estimated Remaining Life (Years):

(At current load limits without major repairs or rehabilitation.)

........................................................................... > 10

# of Recommendation Items: 5

Recommended Work and Estimated Costs

$968

$878

Install signs in accordance with 'Sign Recommendations' in the next section of this report.

Material: $450, Labor: 6 Hours at $30/hour = $180, Adjustment for Location: $25

$878

Construction Estimate: $655

$0 a.

b. Construction Contingency: $0

f. Subtotal:

c. Planning/Design/ Const. Mgmt.: $0

$655

Const. Mgmt.:

d.

$0

(See footnote 2)

(See footnote 3)

Planning/Design: $0

(See footnote 3) e.

G.A.S.:

Project Total for Year of Estimate

$0

$655:

g.

h.

Urgent Item

Escalation for Current Year

2016 :

i.

Escalation for Future Year

2018 :

j.

$15,144

$13,736

Remove loose concrete in piers, inject epoxy into cracks, and then coat piers with gunite to slow the spalling and deterioration. Material & Equipment:

$3,500, Labor: 125 Hours at $30/hours = $3,750, Adjustment for Location: $450

$13,736

Construction Estimate: $7,700

$0 a.

b. Construction Contingency: $1,150

f. Subtotal:

c. Planning/Design/ Const. Mgmt.: $1,400

$10,250

Const. Mgmt.:

d.

$0

(See footnote 2)

(See footnote 3)

Planning/Design: $0

(See footnote 3) e.

G.A.S.:

Project Total for Year of Estimate

$0

$10,250:

g.

h.

Urgent Item

Escalation for Current Year

2016 :

i.

Escalation for Future Year

2018 :

j.

Item Recommendation (See Footnote 1) Priority Assessment

Maint/Repair/ Rehab

Replacement

64520-00018 08/12/20164

$392

$355

Remove soil and sand from bridge deck at both ends and along curbs. Periodically trim tree branches and vines to improve visibility of bridge and load posting signs. Labor: 8 Hours at $30/hour = $240, Adjustment for Location: $25

$355

Construction Estimate: $265

$0 a.

b. Construction Contingency: $0

f. Subtotal:

c. Planning/Design/ Const. Mgmt.: $0

$265

Const. Mgmt.:

d.

$0

(See footnote 2)

(See footnote 3)

Planning/Design: $0

(See footnote 3) e.

G.A.S.:

Project Total for Year of Estimate

$0

$265:

g.

h.

Urgent Item

Escalation for Current Year

2016 :

i.

Escalation for Future Year

2018 :

j.

$18,690

$16,952

Seal entire concrete deck with epoxy sealer to prevent moisture penetration. Material & Labor: 2110 Sq.Ft. at $4.25/sq.ft. = $8,968, Adjustment for Location: $532

$16,952

Construction Estimate: $9,500

$0 a.

b. Construction Contingency: $1,425

f. Subtotal:

c. Planning/Design/ Const. Mgmt.: $1,725

$12,650

Const. Mgmt.:

d.

$0

(See footnote 2)

(See footnote 3)

Planning/Design: $0

(See footnote 3) e.

G.A.S.:

Project Total for Year of Estimate

$0

$12,650:

g.

h.

Urgent Item

Escalation for Current Year

2016 :

i.

Escalation for Future Year

2018 :

j.

$2,216

$2,010

Clean and seal joints in the deck at piers with pourable sealer to keep water from leaking down to the girder bearing areas. Material: $800, Labor: 20 Hours at $30/hour = $600, Adjustment for Location: $100

$2,010

Construction Estimate: $1,500

$0 a.

b. Construction Contingency: $0

f. Subtotal:

c. Planning/Design/ Const. Mgmt.: $0

$1,500

Const. Mgmt.:

d.

$0

(See footnote 2)

(See footnote 3)

Planning/Design: $0

(See footnote 3) e.

G.A.S.:

Project Total for Year of Estimate

$0

$1,500:

g.

h.

Urgent Item

Escalation for Current Year

2016 :

i.

Escalation for Future Year

2018 :

j.

Item Recommendation (See Footnote 1) Priority Assessment

Maint/Repair/ Rehab

Replacement

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Item Recommendation (See Footnote 1) Priority Assessment

Maint/Repair/ Rehab

Replacement

$33,931 $0Totals

Items 2 through 5 above are intended to preserve the current overall condition of the bridge and extend its useful life to the maximum extent possible. Lack of corrective action now will likely result in the general deterioration of the bridge which will accelerate the need for replacement.

Work Recommendation Remarks

1/Recommended work are items noted by the inspection team on the date of inspection. Urgent items are those which pose a current threat to the strength or stability of the bridge, or involve a significant safety concern. Items are listed in their order of importance. Item 1 considered most important. Adjustments for location include geographical region and remoteness of the bridge adjustment. For multi-use structures such as water control structures or dam spillways, repair or reconstruction estimates, if applicable, are for the bridge component only.

4/Priority assessment value is a representation of the relative priority of a recommendation, with a value of 1 representing the highest priority and 7 representing the lowest priority.

3/Items d. and e., when needed, are used for replacements, and work items over $100,000 in construction value, and use a sliding scale based on the construction estimate. If the item is accomplished by MMS, the mark-up should be adjusted accordingly.

2/Item c., when needed, is used for items up to $100,000 in construction value, except replacements, and includes a mark-up of approximately 18% assuming MMS program accomplishment. If the item is accomplished by other than MMS, the mark-up should be adjusted accordingly.

Footnotes:

64520-00018 08/12/20166

Project leaders (and others) should be aware that the posting recommendations are for the absolute maximum load

GirderDeck

TYPE 3-3 (40T)

TYPE 3S2 (36T)

TYPE 3 (25T)

TYPE HS 20-44

AASHTO TRUCK

TYPE

36.4

INV

Sign Recommendations

Post for load capacity of 25 tons, 32 tons, & 36 tons for AASHTO truck types 3, 3S2, & 3-3, or 25 tons for a single load limit sign. Object markers are recommended at all corners of the bridge.

Sign Recommendations

Load Ratings (Tons)

Bridge Element

INV = Inventory Rating

Load Rating Remarks

DECK: 6 1/2" thick non-composite concrete. GIRDER: 3-span continuous steel, wide flange 30 x 108, spanning 63'-9", 82'-0" and 63'-9", spaced at 8'-0".

Wayne Patras, 4/21/93RATING PREPARED BY:

INV OPER INV OPER INV INVOPER OPER OPER

20.4

38.6

29.5

61.0

65.6

7.7 22.5

28.6

32.9

OPER = Operating Rating

Load posting sign recommendations are based on operating ratings. See note regarding posting recommendations below.

RATING VERIFIED BY: Jason Triplett, 7/26/16

Posting signs are not in place. Object markers are not in place.

Sign Status

The load rating from 1993 is still considered valid. No significant changes in the condition of the bridge which would affect the rating were observed during the 2016 inspection. The load capacity and weight limit posting recommendations remain as shown above.

Refuge staff have commented in the past that white reflective signs frighten buffalo and horses. They will remove the signs when the buffalo are driven across the bridge.

Sign Recommendation Remarks

Important Note Regarding Posting Recommendations levels to which a structure may safely be subjected for limited passages of the loads. Should the need arise to subject the bridge to sustained loading at or near this level, the Project Leader should contact the Regional Engineer for guidance regarding an appropriate safe load capacity.

Sign Recommendations and Load Ratings

64520-00018 08/12/20167

Description of Bridge

The bridge was constructed in 1936 and consists of three continuous spans of steel girders with a non-composite concrete deck. The spans are supported on concrete abutments and piers.

Comparison to Previous Inspection

Next Inspection

Additional Comments

There are no significant changes in the condition of the bridge since the previous inspection. Refuge manager Steve Hicks informed us that when the buffalo are rounded up in the fall, the posting signs are taken down since the signs tend to spook the buffalo. Spalling on the faces of the piers has increased slightly in depth and area. Vegetation continues to grown at the corners, restricting visibility of the bridge and the weight limit signs. Pier footings are exposed and should be protected from further scour by placing riprap around both piers.

The next inspection for this bridge is recommended as a routine inspection with a full report in two years.

FRACTURE CRITICAL INSPECTION FINDINGS: No indications of defects were found in the fracture critical members. When the buffalo are rounded up in the fall, the posting signs are taken down since the signs tend to spook the buffalo.

Additional Information and Comments

64520-00018 08/12/20168

CONDITION RATINGS

9 -

N/A.

Excellent Condition.

8 - Very Good Condition - no problems noted.

7 - Good Condition - some minor problems.

6 - Satisfactory Condition - structural elements show some minor deterioration.

5 - Condition - all primary structural elements but may have minorFair section loss, cracking, spalling, or scour.

4 - Poor Condition - advanced section loss, deterioration, spalling, or scour.

3 - Serious Condition - loss of section, deterioration, spalling, or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures are possible.

Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present.

2 - Critical Condition - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements.

Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless closely monitored it may be necessary to close the structure until corrective action can be taken.

1 - Imminent Failure Condition - major deterioration or section loss present in critical structural components or obvious vertical or horizontal movement affecting structure stability. Structure is closed to traffic but corrective action may return structure to light service.

0 - Failed Condition - out of service; beyond corrective action.

Note - Items left blank are not applicable for this bridge.

N -

Condition Rating Codes for Items 218, and 58 through 62:

RATING

218.1 Approach Slab

Overall Rating (218) Good.7

218.2 Relief Joints

218.3 Approach Guardrail

Concrete curbs on tops of wingwalls with painted steel angle rail and posts attached, 8' high wire mesh fence on timber posts on top of curb.

218.4 Surfacing Erosion hole on west end of bridge 3'x1'x6" deep. Native sandy soil. 2" low at end of west approach span.

218.5 Embankment

Steep, grassy on west approach - Drains toward bridge on east approach, sandy.

218.6 Signs

218.7 Vegetation Grassy. Weeds and vines encroaching into roadway at both ends, visibility reduced.

ITEM REMARKS

Good

Satisfactory

Good

Fair

Approaches (218)

64520-00018 08/12/20169

RATING

58.1 Deck Structure 7 Concrete slab approach spans from ends of wingwalls to abutment - Cavity under slab from abutment to ends of swept back wingwalls. Concrete slab main spans - Light abrasion on surface. Light random cracking throughout concrete top surface over the main spans. Gap between deck and girders, numerous transverse hairline cracks on underside of deck at 2'-4' on center, a few with light efflorescence.

Overall Rating (58) Good condition (some minor problems).7

58.2 Expansion Joints

Open joint at west abutment (fixed end). Sliding plate joint at east abutment (expansion end). East end joint is filled with dirt. Light rust on plates.

58.3 Wearing Surface

58.4 Rideability

58.5 Curbs

Concrete - Minor vertical hairline cracks in faces with transverse cracks across tops.

58.6 Parapets/railings

Concrete curbs with painted steel angle rail and posts attached, 8' high wire mesh fence on timber posts on top of curb - Light surface rust on steel.

58.7 Drains/drainage (2) drains through curbs, each edge in each span.

58.8 Cleanliness

58.9 Utilities

58.10 Lighting

ITEM REMARKS

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Satisfactory

Good

Good

Deck (58)

64520-00018 08/12/201610

59.1 Bearing Devices 6 Roller expansion devices at east abutment and piers - Minor soil and rust. Roller under south girder at east abutment is not well centered but has adequate travel.

59.2A Diaphragms

59.2B Bracing

Overall Rating (59) Satisfactory condition (some minor problems).6

59.2 Girders FRACTURE CRITICAL - two girder system. Steel wide flange girders, continuous. Gap under deck indicates girders and deck are non-composite. Concrete slabs span over abutment vaults.

59.3 Floor Beams

Channel diaphragms at 1/5 points in center span, 1/4 points in end spans, over pier and at abutments.

59.4 Stringers

59.5 Trusses

59.6 Paint

59.7 Splices & Conn's

59.8 Rivets or Bolts

59.9 Welds

Painted white - Primer showing through in numerous locations, paint is thin.

59.10 Corrosion (rust)

Surface corrosion on all bolts. (Splices at both ends of steel center span.)

59.11 Timber Decay

59.12 Deflection Under Load

Stiffeners at 1/5 points in center span, 1/4 points in end spans, at abutments and piers are transversely welded to top and bottom flanges of girders. This is a fatigue-prone detail.

59.13 Vibration Under Load

Light rust with minor section loss in a few areas, mostly limited to the top flange near the east abutment where wetted by the expansion joint drainage. Light surface corrosion scattered on top and bottom flanges.

ITEM REMARKS

59.5A Portals

59.5B Bracing

59.14 Collision Damage

Satisfactory

Satisfactory

Good

Fair

Satisfactory

Good

Satisfactory

Superstructure (59)

64520-00018 08/12/201611

ABUTMENTS

Overall Rating (60) Satisfactory condition (minor deterioration).6

60.1 Wings

Concrete, swept back with short 90° extensions at ends, supports slab under approach spans. Light random cracking in faces.

60.2 Backwalls/Bulkheads

60.3 Bearing Seats Numerous cracks up to 0.030 inches wide, some with light efflorescence, in concrete bearing seats.

60.4 Breastwalls/Columns Numerous cracks up to 0.020 inches wide in breastwalls and columns of abutments.

60.5 Weep Holes

60.6 Footings/Sills

60.7 Piles/Bracing

60.8 Erosion/Scour Footings exposed at both piers, 10" of exposure at upstream end of west pier and along the west side, up to 14" of exposure along both sides of the east pier footing.

60.9 Settlement

ITEM REMARKS

BENTS/PIERS

60.10 Bearing Seats 6

Concrete with steel nose angle - Map cracks up to 1/8" wide. Spalling up to 6" deep, 2" most common above waterline, reinforcement exposed, both sides of both piers.

Concrete is delaminated in vicinity of spalls. Nose angles have minor surface corrosion.

60.11 Caps

60.12 Columns/Walls

60.13 Piles/Bracing

60.14 Footings/Sills

60.15 Erosion/Scour

60.16 Settlement

Top of footing exposed at west pier, contact with bedrock at bottom of wall found at east pier (no pronounced footing).

Satisfactory

Good

Satisfactory

Satisfactory

Fair

Good

Satisfactory

Fair

Satisfactory

Fair

Good

Substructure (60)

64520-00018 08/12/201612

61.1 Scour/Erosion 5 Grassy banks appear stable. 10" of footing exposed on the west pier towards the nose. 14" of footing exposed along both sides of the east pier footing.

Overall Rating (61) Bank eroded.. major damage.5

61.2 Channel Protection

61.3 Spur Dikes, Jetties

61.4 Waterway Obstructions

61.5 Adequacy of Opening

61.6 Normal Velocity

61.7 Average Opening

Gravel, sand, silt and sandstone bedrock.61.8 Stream Bed Material

ITEM REMARKS

Medium

Sufficient

Fair

Good

Good

Good

Good

Channel (61)

64520-00018 08/12/201613

COVER

Overall Rating (62) Not applicable.N

62.1 Embankment

62.2 Surfacing

62.3 Shoulders

62.4 Headwalls

62.5 Wings

62.6 Barrel

62.7 Footings

62.8 Design Opening

ITEM REMARKS

STRUCTURES

62.9 Opening Remaining

62.10 Debris/Silt

62.11 Erosion/Scour

62.12 Grade %

HYDRAULICS

Culverts (62)

64520-00018 08/12/201614

36.A Bridge Railing

1' high concrete curb with steel angle rail and posts attached, 8' high wire mesh fence on timber posts on top of curb.

36.B Guard/Bridge Rail Transitions Curbs extend onto wingwalls and approach slabs.

36.C Approach Railing

1' high concrete curb on wingwalls with steel angle rail and posts attached.

36.D Approach Rail Ends

5113. Scour Grassy banks, sandstone bedrock in bottom of streambed.

ITEM REMARKS

41. Load Posting Status B Bridge requires posting of 25 Ton, 32 Ton and 36 Ton, but posting signs were not in place at the time of the inspection.

No record available.Accident History

Stable

Open, posting required not required.

N Not applicable or a safety feature is

1 Meets current FWS guidelines.

guidelines

0 Does not meet current FWS new rail

Railing Legend

Railing (36), Scour (113), Load Posting System (41), Accident History

64520-00018 08/12/201615

64520-00018 08/12/201616

PLAN

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FORT NIOBRARA NWR #64520-00018

AutoCAD SHX Text ABUTMENTS: CONCRETE RETAINING WALL 1'-3" SEAT AT WEST END, 1'-9" SEAT AT EAST END

AutoCAD SHX Text E

AutoCAD SHX Text N

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PLAN N

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SECTION

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PROFILE

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FENCE

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DECK: 6 " THICK 12" THICK CONCRETE SLAB

AutoCAD SHX Text N

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NIOBRARA RIVER

AutoCAD SHX Text 10'

AutoCAD SHX Text WINGWALLS: 9" CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS WEST: SWEPT 22'-10", THEN 4'-10" LONG FLARED 90°EAST: SWEPT 20'-10", THEN 4'-10" LONG FLARED 90°

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GIRDER DETAIL

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PIERS: CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE WALL WITH STEEL NOSE ANGLE AT UPSTREAM END

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FENCE: 8'-0" TALL WIRE FENCING ON 6" SPLITLOG POSTS AT EVERY THIRD RAIL POST

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GRADE

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FENCE

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1316" FLANGE

AutoCAD SHX Text GIRDERS: (2)- 29 "D x 10 "W 78"D x 10 "W 58"W x " THICK WIDE 1316" THICK WIDE FLANGE BEAM 3 SPAN CONTINUOUS WITH BOLTED FIELD SPLICES AT EACH END OF CENTER SPAN, CHANNEL DIAPHRAGMS AT 14POINTS, BUILT UP DIAPHRAGMS AT BEARINGS

AutoCAD SHX Text RAIL: 3" x 4" x " STEEL 14" STEEL ANGLE ON (38)- 3" x 3" x " STEEL ANGLE 516" STEEL ANGLE POSTS

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FENCE

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WINGWALLS

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FENCE WALK OVER

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View down centerline of bridge roadway looking west

Elevation looking downstream

Structure Number/Name: 64520-00018/BUFFALO

64520-00018 08/12/201618

Elevation looking upstream

Soil and debris on west approach span, similar at east

64520-00018 08/12/201619

Erosion at west end of west approach span

Expansion joint at east end filled with soil

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View showing roller not centered under bearing at east abutment

Approach spans at west end of bridge

64520-00018 08/12/201621

Cracking with efflorescence on east abutment breastwall

Cracks on underside of deck at east span

64520-00018 08/12/201622

Cracks with staining on downstream side of west pier

Typical surface corrosion on nose angle at upstream end of west pier

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Spalling and exposed reinforcing at downstream end of west pier

Spalling on east side of east pier

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Delaminated and spalled concrete with exposed rebar at west side of west pier

Spalling and exposed reinforcing on east side of west pier

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Spalling and exposed reinforcing on west face of east pier

Typical surface corrosion on top and bottom flanges of steel girders

64520-00018 08/12/201626

Typical surface corrosion on splice plates and bolts

Typical view of underside of bridge

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Typical Signs

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64520-00018 08/12/201629

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