SOW_MMA-SPECS.PDF

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ANSONIA, CONNECTICUT

PHONE 203-916-1200

NEW YORK, NEW YORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and

Division 01 specification sections, apply to this section.

1.2 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Protecting existing vegetation to remain.

B. Removing existing vegetation.

C. Clearing and grubbing.

D. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.

E. Removing above- and below-grade site improvements.

Temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at project site.

1.4 PROJECT CONDITIONS

Do not commence site clearing operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control and plant-protection measures are in place.

PART 2 - EXECUTION

2.1 PREPARATION

Locate and clearly identify trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to remain. Each tree trunk at 54 inches above the ground.

F. Protect existing site amenities to remain from damage during construction.

1. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Owner.

2.2 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

A. Provide temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures to prevent soil erosion and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways, according to erosion- and sedimentation-control Drawings and requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

Inspect, maintain, and repair erosion- and sedimentation-control measures during construction until permanent vegetation has been established.

2.3 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION

General: Protect trees and plants remaining on-site according to requirements in Section 01 56 39.

B. Repair or replace trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or be relocated that are damaged by construction operations, in a manner approved by Architect.

2.4 EXISTING UTILITIES

Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap utilities indicated to be removed or abandoned in place.

Arrange with utility companies to shut off indicated utilities.

2. Owner will arrange to shut off indicated utilities when requested by Contractor.

B. Locate, identify, and disconnect utilities indicated to be abandoned in place.

Interrupting Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Architect not less than two (2) days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.

2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Architect's written permission.

2.5 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. Remove obstructions, trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to permit installation of new construction.

1. Do not remove trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or to be relocated.

2. Use only hand methods for grubbing within protection zones.

B. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.

1. Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of eight (8) inches, and compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground.

2.6 TOPSOIL STRIPPING

A. Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil.

Strip topsoil in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other waste materials.

1. Remove subsoil and non-soil materials from topsoil, including clay lumps, gravel, and other objects more than two (2) inches in diameter; trash, debris, weeds, roots, and other waste materials.

B. Stockpile topsoil away from edge of excavations without intermixing with subsoil. Grade and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust and erosion by water.

1. Limit height of topsoil stockpiles to 72 inches.

2. Do not stockpile topsoil within protection zones.

3. Dispose of surplus topsoil. Surplus topsoil is that which exceeds quantity indicated to be stockpiled or reused.

Stockpile surplus topsoil to allow for respreading deeper topsoil.

2.7 SITE IMPROVEMENTS

A. Remove existing above- and below-grade improvements as indicated and necessary to facilitate new construction.

B. Remove slabs, paving, curbs, gutters, and aggregate base as indicated.

1. Unless existing full-depth joints coincide with line of demolition, neatly saw-cut along line of existing pavement to remain before removing adjacent existing pavement. Saw-cut faces vertically.

2. Paint cut ends of steel reinforcement in concrete to remain with two (2) coats of antirust coating, following coating manufacturer's written instructions. Keep paint off surfaces that will remain exposed.

2.8 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.

SHEET MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING SECTION 07 13 50

PART 1 -- GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. The work of this section includes, but is not limited to, the following:

1. Rubberized asphalt sheet membrane waterproofing

2. Prefabricated drainage composite

3. Protection board

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data, installation instructions, use limitations and recommendations. Include certification of data indicating VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of all components of waterproofing system.

B. Samples: Submit representative samples of the following for approval:

1. Sheet membrane

2. Protection board

3. Prefabricated drainage composite

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer: Sheet membrane waterproofing shall be manufactured and marketed by a firm with a minimum of 20 years experience in the production and sales of self-adhesive sheet membrane waterproofing. Manufacturers proposed for use but not named in these specifications shall submit evidence of ability to meet all requirements specified and include a list of projects of similar design and complexity completed within the past 5 years.

B. Installer: A firm which has at least 3 years experience in work of the type required by this section.

C. Materials: For each type of material required for the work of this section, provide primary materials which are the products of one manufacturer.

D. Pre-Installation Conference: A pre-installation conference shall be held prior to commencement of field operations to establish procedures to maintain optimum working conditions and to coordinate this work with related and adjacent work. Agenda for meeting shall include review of special details and flashing.

1.4 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Perform work only when existing and forecasted weather conditions are within the limits established by the manufacturer of the materials and products used.

B. Proceed with installation only when substrate construction and preparation work is complete and in condition to receive sheet membrane waterproofing.

1.5 WARRANTY

A. Sheet Membrane Waterproofing: Provide written 5 year material warranty issued by the membrane manufacturer upon completion of the work.

PART 2 -- PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Sheet Membrane Waterproofing: Bituthene® 3000/Low Temperature Membrane by Grace

Construction Products; a self-adhesive, cold-applied composite sheet consisting of a thickness of

1.4 mm (0.056 in.) of rubberized asphalt and 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) of cross-laminated, high density polyethylene film. Provide rubberized asphalt membrane covered with a release sheet, which is removed during installation. No special adhesive or heat shall be required to form laps.

B. Sheet Membrane Waterproofing

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR BITUTHENE 3000/LOW TEMPERATURE MEMBRANE:

PropertyTest MethodTypical ValueColorDark gray-blackThicknessASTM D 3767 Method A1.5 mm (0.060 in.) nominalFlexibility, 180° bend over

25 mm (1 in.) mandrel at

-43°C (-45°F)ASTM D 1970UnaffectedTensile Strength, Membrane

Die CASTM D 412 Modified12240 kPa (325 lbs/in.2) minimumTensile Strength, FilmASTM D 882

Modified134.5 MPa (5,000 lbs/in.2) minimumElongation, Ultimate Failure of Rubberized AsphaltASTM D

412 Modified1300% minimumCrack Cycling at -32°C (-25°F), 100 CyclesASTM C 836UnaffectedLap

Adhesion at Minimum Application TemperatureASTM D 1876 Modified2700 N/m (4 lbs/in.) - Bituthene

880 N/m (5 lbs/in.) - Low TempPeel StrengthASTM D 903 Modified31576 N/m (9 lbs/in.)Puncture

Resistance, MembraneASTM E 154222 N (50 lbs) minimumResistance to Hydrostatic HeadASTM D

538560 m (200 ft) of waterPermeanceASTM E 96, Section 12 - Water Method2.9 ng/m2sPa

(0.05 perms) maximumWater AbsorptionASTM D 5700.1% maximum

Footnotes:

1. The test is run at a rate of 50 mm (2 in.) per minute.

2. The test is conducted 15 minutes after the lap is formed and run at a rate of 50 mm (2 in.) per minute at -4°C (25°F).

3. The 180° peel strength is run at a rate of 300 mm (12 in.) per minute.

C. Prefabricated Drainage Composite: (Hydroduct® 220) (Hydroduct® 660) Drainage Composite by

Grace Construction Products. Drainage Composite shall be designed to promote positive drainage while serving as a protection course.

D. Protection Board:

1. Expanded Polystyrene Protection Board: 25 mm (1 in.) thick for vertical applications with the following characteristics. Adhere to waterproofing membrane with Bituthene Protection Board

Adhesive.

Normal Density: 16 kg/m3 (1.0 lb/ft3)

Thermal Conductivity, K factor: 0.24 at 5°C (40°F), 0.26 at 24°C (75°F)

Thermal Resistance, R-Value: 4 per 25 mm (1 in.) of thickness.

2. Asphalt Hardboard: A premolded semi-rigid protection board consisting of bitumen, mineral core and reinforcement. Provide 3 mm (0.125 in.) thick hardboard on horizontal surfaces not receiving steel reinforced slab. Where steel reinforcing bars are to be used, apply two layers of

3 mm (0.125 in.) thick hardboard or one layer of 6 mm (0.25 in.) thick hardboard.

E. Waterstop: AdcorTM ES hydrophilic non-bentonite waterstop by Grace Construction Products for non-moving concrete construction joints.

F. Miscellaneous Materials: Surface conditioner, mastic, liquid membrane, tape and accessories specified or acceptable to manufacturer of sheet membrane waterproofing.

PART 3 -- EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. The installer shall examine conditions of substrates and other conditions under which this work is to be performed and notify the contractor, in writing, of circumstances detrimental to the proper completion of the work. Do not proceed with work until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATES

A. Refer to manufacturer's literature for requirements for preparation of substrates. Surfaces shall be structurally sound and free of voids, spalled areas, loose aggregate and sharp protrusions. Remove contaminants such as grease, oil and wax from exposed surfaces. Remove dust, dirt, loose stone and debris. Use repair materials and methods which are acceptable to manufacturer of sheet membrane waterproofing.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Refer to manufacturer's literature for recommendations on installation, including but not limited to, the following:

1. Apply primer at rate recommended by manufacturer. Recoat areas not waterproofed if contaminated by dust. Mask and protect adjoining exposed finish surfaces to protect those surfaces from excessive application of primer.

2. Delay application of membrane until primer is completely dry. Dry time will vary with weather conditions.

3. Seal daily terminations with troweled bead of mastic.

4. Apply protection board and related materials in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.

3.4 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Remove any masking materials after installation. Clean any stains on materials which would be exposed in the completed work.

B. Protect completed membrane waterproofing from subsequent construction activities as recommended by manufacturer.

ALLOWANCES SECTION 01 21 00

Contractor shall carry an allowance of $10,000 for the re-routing of existing areaway drains to nearest existing storm lines. Allowance includes excavation, piping/tie-ins, backfilling and re-seeding. Exact work as directed by Owner

UNIT PRICES SECTION 01 22 00

Provide unit cost (square foot basis) to furnish and install additional trenching, backfill and foundation waterproofing in strict accordance with Detail 1/A101.1S.

TESTING SECTION 01 45 00

Contractor shall test water flow at all existing footing drains and areaway drains scuppers within the contract limits of the project. If inadequate or poor flow is determined, notify the Owner and Architect immediately.

FLUID-APPLIED WATERPROOFING SECTION 07 14 16

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. The work of this section includes, but is not limited to, the following:

1. Fluid applied waterproofing system

2. Prefabricated drainage composite

3. Protection board

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data, installation instructions, use limitations and recommendations.

B. Samples: Submit representative samples of the following for approval:

1. Fluid applied membrane

2. Protection board

3. Prefabricated drainage composite

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer: A firm which has at least 3 years experience in work of the type required by this section.

B. Materials: Fluid applied waterproofing material shall be two part synthetic rubber based system free of isocyanates and bitumen. For each type of material required for the work of this section, provide primary materials which are the products of one manufacturer.

C. Pre-Installation Conference: A pre-installation conference shall be held prior to commencement of field operations to establish procedures to maintain optimum working conditions and to coordinate this work with related and adjacent work. Agenda for meeting shall include review of special details and flashing.

1.4 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Perform work only when existing and forecasted weather conditions are within the limits established by the manufacturer of the materials and products used.

B. Proceed with installation only when substrate construction and preparation work is complete and in condition to receive membrane waterproofing.

1.5 WARRANTY

A. Fluid Applied Waterproofing Membrane: Provide written 5 year material warranty issued by the membrane manufacturer upon completion of the work.

PART 2 -- PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Fluid Applied Waterproofing Membranes: Procor® fluid applied membranes by Grace Construction

Products; a two part, self-curing, synthetic rubber based material. Procor® fluid applied membranes meet or exceed the performance requirements of ASTM C 836 and other ASTM standards as shown in the following table.

B. Waterproofing Membrane Physical Properties:

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR PROCOR® FLUID APPLIED MEMBRANES:

PropertyTest Method Typical ValueColorTerra CottaCured Film ThicknessASTM D 3767 Method A1.5 mm (0.060 in.) nominalSolids ContentASTM D 1644100%Flexibility, 180° bend over 25 mm (1 in.) mandrel at 32°C (-25°F)ASTM D 1970Unaffected ElongationASTM D 412500% minimumPeel Adhesion to

ConcreteASTM D 903 Modified1 880 N/m (5 lbs/in.)

Footnote:

1. Procor waterproofing membrane is applied to concrete and allowed to cure. Peel adhesion of the membrane is measured at a rate of 50 mm (2 in.) per minute with a peel angle of 90° at room temperature.

C. Prefabricated Drainage Composite: Hydroduct® 660 Drainage Composite by Grace Construction Products for horizontal surfaces. Hydroduct 220 Drainage Composite by Grace Construction Products for all vertical surfaces. Drainage composite shall be designed to promote positive drainage while serving as a protection course.

D. Miscellaneous Materials: Tape and other accessories specified or acceptable to manufacturer of fluid applied waterproofing membrane.

PART 3 -- EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. The installer shall examine conditions of substrates and other conditions under which this work is to be performed and notify the contractor, in writing, of circumstances detrimental to the proper completion of the work. Do not proceed with work until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATES

A. Tie-holes and “bugholes” larger than 13 mm (1/2”) in diameter or deeper than 3 mm (1/8”), or both, should be either pretreated with Procor or repaired with a lean concrete mix or Waterproofing

Systems, for further details on substrate preparation. Cracked, pitted, honeycombed or heavily bugholed surfaces can be filled by spraying from close in (10” to 12”) but high material usage with result. Under these circumstances it may be more efficient to fill the surface with a parge coat of lean mortar mix before application of the Procor. It is also acceptable to fill in gaps with a compatible sealant or caulk.

B. Cast-In-Place Concrete Substrates:

1. Waterproofing application may commence as soon as the substrate can accept foot traffic.

Surface shall be free of any visible water.

2. Fill form tie rod holes with concrete and finish flush with surrounding surface.

3. Repair bugholes greater than ½” (13 mm) in depth and ¼” (6 mm) in diameter deep and finish flush with surrounding surface.

4. Remove scaling to sound, unaffected concrete and repair exposed area.

5. Grind irregular construction joints to suitable flush surface.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Refer to manufacturer's literature for recommendations on installation, including but not limited to, the following:

1. Apply minimum 1.5 mm (0.060 in.) in all areas to be waterproofed. Apply minimum 3 mm

(0.120 in.) in all detail areas.

2. If area to be waterproofed is in direct sunlight and temperature is rising, apply “scratch coat”

(a thin application of fluid applied waterproofing) prior to the full application of the waterproofing membrane.

3. In applications where a minimum slope of 11 mm/m (0.13 in./ft) cannot be achieved, a two coat application of Procor membrane is recommended to achieve the total thickness.

4. Apply protection board and related materials in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.

3.4 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Remove any masking materials after installation. Clean any stains on materials which would be exposed in the completed work.

B. Protect completed membrane waterproofing from subsequent construction activities as recommended by manufacturer.

SITE CLEARING SECTION 31 10 00

ANSONIA, CONNECTICUT

EARTH MOVING SECTION 31 20 00

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Preparing subgrades for slabs-on-grade walks, pavements, turf and grasses, and plants.

B. Excavating and backfilling for buildings and structures.

C. Subbase course for concrete.

D. Subbase course for asphalt paving.

E. Subsurface drainage backfill for walls and trenches.

F. Excavating and backfilling trenches for utilities and pits for buried utility structures.

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Dewatering: Lowering and disposing of ground water during construction.

B. Excavation Support and Protection: Shoring, bracing, and sheet piling of excavations.

C. Turf and Grasses: Finish grading in turf and grass areas, including preparing and placing planting soil for turf areas.

D. Plants: Finish grading in planting areas and tree and shrub pit excavation and planting.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Backfill: Soil material or controlled low-strength material used to fill an excavation.

1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe.

2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.

B. Base Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subbase course and hot-mix asphalt paving.

C. Bedding Course: Aggregate layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.

D. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

E. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.

1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Architect. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions.

2. Bulk Excavation: Excavation more than 10 feet in width and more than 30 feet in length.

3. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Architect. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Architect, shall be without additional compensation.

F. Subgrade: Uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, drainage course, or topsoil materials.

G. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables as well as underground services within buildings.

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of the following manufactured products required:

1. Geotextiles.

2. Controlled low-strength material, including design mixture.

3. Geofoam.

4. Warning tapes.

C. Samples for Verification: For the following products, in sizes indicated below:

1. Geotextile: 12 by 12 inches.

2. Warning Tape: 12 inches long; of each color.

1.5 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during earth-moving operations.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Owner or authorities having jurisdiction.

B. The following practices are prohibited within protection zones:

1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material.

2. Parking vehicles or equipment.

3. Foot traffic.

4. Erection of sheds or structures.

5. Impoundment of water.

6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated.

7. Attachment of signs to or wrapping materials around trees or plants unless otherwise indicated.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

B. Satisfactory Soils: Soil free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

C. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

D. Base Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D2940; with at least 95 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

E. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

F. Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D2940; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and not more than eight (8) percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

G. Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of washed crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and zero to five (5) percent passing a No. 8 sieve.

2.2 GEOTEXTILES

A. Separation Geotextile: Woven geotextile fabric, manufactured for separation applications, made from polyolefins or polyesters; with elongation less than 50 percent; complying with AASHTO M 288 and the following, measured per test methods referenced:

1. Survivability: Class 2; AASHTO M 288.

2. Survivability: As follows:

a. Grab Tensile Strength: 247 lbf; ASTM D4632.

b. Sewn Seam Strength: 222 lbf; ASTM D4632.

c. Tear Strength: 90 lbf; ASTM D4533.

d. Puncture Strength: 90 lbf; ASTM D4833.

3. Apparent Opening Size: No. 60 sieve, maximum; ASTM D4751.

4. Permittivity: 0.02 per second, minimum; ASTM D4491.

5. UV Stability: 50 percent after 500 hours' exposure; ASTM D4355.

2.3 ACCESSORIES

A. Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant, polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, six (6) inches wide and four (4) mils thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility; colored as follows:

1. Red: Electric.

2. Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, and dangerous materials.

3. Orange: Telephone and other communications.

4. Blue: Water systems.

5. Green: Sewer systems.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earth-moving operations.

B. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls during earth-moving operations.

C. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials.

3.2 DEWATERING

A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from flooding project site and surrounding area.

B. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water accumulation.

1. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches.

3.3 EXCAVATION, GENERAL

A. Classified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations. Material to be excavated will be classified as earth and rock. Do not excavate rock until it has been classified and cross sectioned .

1. Earth excavation includes excavating pavements and obstructions visible on surface;

underground structures, utilities, and other items indicated to be removed; and soil, boulders, and other materials not classified as rock or unauthorized excavation.

3.4 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES

A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.

B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of pipe or conduit unless otherwise indicated.

1. Clearance: 12 inches each side of pipe or conduit.

C. Trench Bottoms: Excavate and shape trench bottoms to provide uniform bearing and support of pipes and conduit. Shape subgrade to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits. Remove projecting stones and sharp objects along trench subgrade.

1. For pipes and conduit less than six (6) inches in nominal diameter, hand-excavate trench bottoms and support pipe and conduit on an undisturbed subgrade.

2. For pipes and conduit six (6) inches or larger in nominal diameter, shape bottom of trench to support bottom 90 degrees of pipe or conduit circumference. Fill depressions with tamped sand backfill.

3. For flat-bottomed, multiple-duct conduit units, hand-excavate trench bottoms and support conduit on an undisturbed subgrade.

4. Excavate trenches six (6) inches deeper than elevation required in rock or other unyielding bearing material to allow for bedding course.

D. Trenches in Tree- and Plant-Protection Zones:

1. Hand-excavate to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades. Use narrow-tine spading forks to comb soil and expose roots. Do not break, tear, or chop exposed roots. Do not use mechanical equipment that rips, tears, or pulls roots.

2. Do not cut main lateral roots or taproots; cut only smaller roots that interfere with installation of utilities.

3. Cut and protect roots according to requirements.

3.5 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of remaining trees.

3.6 BACKFILL

A. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

1. Construction below finish grade including, where applicable, subdrainage, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2. Testing and inspecting underground utilities.

3. Removing trash and debris.

4. Removing temporary shoring, bracing, and sheeting.

3.7 UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL

A. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated. Shape bedding course to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits.

C. Backfill voids with satisfactory soil while removing shoring and bracing.

D. Initial Backfill:

1. Soil Backfill: Place and compact initial backfill free of particles larger than one (1) inch in any dimension, to a height of 12 inches over the pipe or conduit.

a. Carefully compact initial backfill under pipe haunches and compact evenly up on both sides and along the full length of piping or conduit to avoid damage or displacement of piping or conduit. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing.

2. Controlled Low-Strength Material: Place initial backfill of controlled low-strength material to a height of 12 inches over the pipe or conduit. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing.

E. Final Backfill:

1. Soil Backfill: Place and compact final backfill of satisfactory soil to final subgrade elevation.

2. Controlled Low-Strength Material: Place final backfill of controlled low-strength material to final subgrade elevation.

3.8 SOIL FILL

A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

B. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:

1. Under grass and planted areas, use satisfactory soil material.

C. Place soil fill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

3.9 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before compaction to within two (2) percent of optimum moisture content.

1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, otherwise satisfactory soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by two (2) percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit weight.

3.10 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS

A. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than eight (8) inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment and not more than four (4) inches in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Place backfill and fill soil materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations and uniformly along the full length of each structure.

C. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight:

1. Under turf or unpaved areas, scarify and recompact top six (6) inches below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 85 percent.

3.11 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances.

B. Site Rough Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding.

Finish subgrades to elevations required to achieve indicated finish elevations, within the following subgrade tolerances:

1. Turf or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus one (1) inch.

3.12 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE

A. Subdrainage Pipe: Specified in Section 33 46 00.

B. Subsurface Drain: Place subsurface drainage geotextile around perimeter of subdrainage trench. Place a

6-inch course of filter material on subsurface drainage geotextile to support subdrainage pipe. Encase subdrainage pipe in a minimum of 12 inches of filter material, placed in compacted layers six (6) inches thick, and wrap in subsurface drainage geotextile, overlapping sides and ends at least six (6) inches.

1. Compact each filter material layer.

C. Drainage Backfill: Place and compact filter material over subsurface drain, in width indicated, to within 12 inches of final subgrade, in compacted layers six (6) inches thick. Overlay drainage backfill with one (1) layer of subsurface drainage geotextile, overlapping sides and ends at least six (6) inches.

1. Compact each filter material layer.

2. Place and compact impervious fill over drainage backfill in 6-inch thick compacted layers to final subgrade.

3.13 SUBBASE UNDER PAVEMENTS AND WALKS

A. Place subbase course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. On prepared subgrade, place subbase course under pavements and walks as follows:

1. Install separation geotextile on prepared subgrade according to manufacturer's written instructions, overlapping sides and ends.

2. Place base course material over subbase course under hot-mix asphalt pavement.

3. Shape subbase course to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.

4. Place subbase course] six (6) inches or less in compacted thickness in a single layer.

5. Place subbase course that exceeds six (6) inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than six (6) inches thick or less than three (3) inches thick.

6. Compact subbase course at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight.

3.14 DRAINAGE COURSE UNDER CONCRETE SLABS-ON-GRADE

A. Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. On prepared subgrade, place and compact drainage course under cast-in-place concrete slabs-on-grade as follows:

1. Install subdrainage geotextile on prepared subgrade according to manufacturer's written instructions, overlapping sides and ends.

2. Place drainage course 6 inches or less in compacted thickness in a single layer.

3. Place drainage course that exceeds six (6) inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than six (6) inches thick or less than three (3) inches thick.

4. Compact each layer of drainage course to required cross sections and thicknesses to not less than

95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D698.

3.15 PROTECTION

A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions.

C. Where settling occurs before project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.

1. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.

3.16 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste materials, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.

B. Transport surplus satisfactory soil to designated storage areas on Owner's property. Stockpile or spread soil as directed by Architect.

C. Revise this section by deleting and inserting text to meet project-specific requirements.

D. Verify that section titles referenced in this section are correct for this project's specifications; section titles may have changed.

E. Editing Instructions: text appearing between [__] and in bold-face indicate options to be selected by specifier. Delete options that are not used and remove [__] and bold-facing from text for retained option(s).

SUBDRAINAGE SECTION 33 46 00

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Perforated-wall pipe and fittings.

B. Drainage conduits.

C. Drainage panels.

D. Geotextile filter fabrics.

1.2 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data:

1. Drainage conduits, including rated capacities.

2. Drainage panels, including rated capacities.

3. Geotextile filter fabrics.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 PERFORATED-WALL PIPES AND FITTINGS

A. Perforated PE Pipe and Fittings:

1. NPS 6 and Smaller: ASTM F405 or AASHTO M 252, Type CP; corrugated, for coupled joints.

2. NPS 8 and Larger: ASTM F667; AASHTO M 252, Type CP; or AASHTO M 294, Type CP;

corrugated; for coupled joints.

3. Couplings: Manufacturer's standard, band type.

B. Perforated PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings: ASTM D2729, bell-and-spigot ends, for loose joints.

2.2 DRAINAGE CONDUITS

A. Single-Pipe Drainage Conduits: Prefabricated geocomposite with perforated corrugated core molded from HDPE complying with ASTM D3350 and wrapped in geotextile filter fabric.

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Advanced Drainage

Systems Inc.or comparable product by one (1) of the following:

2. Filter Fabric: PP geotextile.

3. Fittings: HDPE with combination NPS 4 and NPS 6 outlet connection.

4. Couplings: Corrugated HDPE band.

B. Mesh Fabric Drainage Conduits: Prefabricated geocomposite with plastic-filament drainage core wrapped in geotextile filter fabric. Include fittings for bends and connection to drainage piping.

1. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Colbond Inc. or comparable product.

2. Nominal Size: Six (6) inches high by approximately 0.9 inch thick.

3. Filter Fabric: Nonwoven geotextile made of PP or polyester fibers or combination of both. Flow rates range from 120 to 200 gpm/sq ft when tested according to ASTM D4491.

2.3 DRAINAGE PANELS

A. Molded-Sheet Drainage Panels: Prefabricated geocomposite, with drainage core faced with geotextile filter fabric..

1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements,

2. Retain option in first subparagraph below if manufacturer's name and model number are indicated in schedules or plans on Drawings; delete option and insert manufacturer's name and model number if not included on Drawings.

3. Filter Fabric: Woven geotextile fabric, manufactured for subsurface drainage, made from polyolefins or polyesters; with elongation less than 50 percent; complying with the following properties determined according to AASHTO M 288:

4. Film Backing: Polymeric film bonded to drainage core surface.

2.4 SOIL MATERIALS

A. Soil materials are specified in Section 31 20 00.

2.5 GEOTEXTILE FILTER FABRICS

A. Description: Fabric of PP or polyester fibers or combination of both, with flow rate range from 110 to 330 gpm/sq ft when tested according to ASTM D4491.

B. Structure Type: Nonwoven, needle-punched continuous filament.

1. Survivability: AASHTO M 288 Class 2

2. Styles: Flat and sock.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine surfaces and areas for suitable conditions where subdrainage systems are to be installed.

B. Verify that drainage panels installed as part of foundation wall waterproofing is properly positioned to drain into subdrainage system.

C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 EARTHWORK

A. Excavating, trenching, and backfilling are specified in Section 31 20 00.

3.3 FOUNDATION DRAINAGE INSTALLATION

A. Place impervious fill material on subgrade adjacent to bottom of footing. Place and compact impervious fill to dimensions indicated, but not less than six (6) inches deep and 12 inches wide.

B. Lay flat-style geotextile filter fabric in trench and overlap trench sides.

C. Place supporting layer of drainage course over compacted subgrade and geotextile filter fabric, to compacted depth of not less than four (4) inches.

D. Encase pipe with sock-style geotextile filter fabric before installing pipe. Connect sock sections with tape.

E. Install drainage piping as indicated in Part 3 "Piping Installation" article for foundation subdrainage.

F. Add drainage course to width of at least 6 inches on side away from wall and to top of pipe to perform tests.

G. After satisfactory testing, cover drainage piping to width of at least six (6) inches on side away from footing and above top of pipe to within 12 inches of finish grade.

H. Install drainage course and wrap top of drainage course with flat-style geotextile filter fabric.

I. Place layer of flat-style geotextile filter fabric over top of drainage course, overlapping edges at least four (4) inches.

J. Install drainage panels on foundation walls as follows:

1. Coordinate placement with other drainage materials.

2. Lay perforated drainage pipe at base of footing. Install as indicated in Part 3 "Piping Installation" article.

3. Separate four (4) inches of fabric at beginning of roll and cut away four (4) inches of core. Wrap fabric around end of remaining core.

4. Attach panels to wall beginning at subdrainage pipe. Place and secure molded-sheet drainage panels, with geotextile facing away from wall.

K. Place backfill material over compacted drainage course. Place material in loose-depth layers not exceeding six (6) inches. Thoroughly compact each layer. Final backfill to finish elevations and slope away from building.

3.4 PIPING INSTALLATION

A. Install piping beginning at low points of system, true to grades and alignment indicated, with unbroken continuity of invert. Bed piping with full bearing in filtering material. Install gaskets, seals, sleeves, and couplings according to manufacturer's written instructions and other requirements indicated.

1. Foundation Subdrainage: Install piping level and with a minimum cover of 36” unless otherwise indicated.

2. Lay perforated pipe with perforations down.

3. Excavate recesses in trench bottom for bell ends of pipe. Lay pipe with bells facing upslope and with spigot end entered fully into adjacent bell.

B. Use increasers, reducers, and couplings made for different sizes or materials of pipes and fittings being connected. Reduction of pipe size in direction of flow is prohibited.

C. Install thermoplastic piping according to ASTM D2321.

3.5 PIPE JOINT CONSTRUCTION

A. Join perforated PE pipe and fittings with couplings according to ASTM D3212 with loose banded, coupled, or push-on joints.

B. Join perforated PVC sewer pipe and fittings according to ASTM D3212 with loose bell-and-spigot, push-on joints.

C. Special Pipe Couplings: Join piping made of different materials and dimensions with special couplings made for this application. Use couplings that are compatible with and fit materials and dimensions of both pipes.

3.6 CLEANOUT INSTALLATION

A. Comply with requirements for cleanouts specified in Section 33 41 00.

B. Cleanouts for Foundation Subdrainage:

1. Install cleanouts from piping to grade. Locate cleanouts at beginning of piping run and at changes in direction. Install fittings so cleanouts open in direction of flow in piping.

2. In non-vehicular-traffic areas, use NPS 4 PVC pipe and fittings for piping branch fittings and riser extensions to cleanout. Set cleanout frames and covers in a cast-in-place concrete anchor. Set top of cleanout 1 inch above grade.

3.7 CONNECTIONS

A. Connect low elevations of subdrainage system to building's solid-wall-piping storm drainage system or as otherwise noted on the drawings.

3.8 IDENTIFICATION

A. Arrange for installation of green warning tapes directly over piping. Comply with requirements for underground warning tapes specified in specified in Section 31 20 00.

1. Install PE warning tape or detectable warning tape over ferrous piping.

2. Install detectable warning tape over nonferrous piping and over edges of underground structures.

3.9 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Tests and Inspections:

1. After installing drainage course to top of piping, test drain piping with water to ensure free flow before backfilling.

2. Remove obstructions, replace damaged components, and repeat test until results are satisfactory.

B. Drain piping will be considered defective if it does not pass tests and inspections.

C. Prepare test and inspection reports.

1.10 CLEANING

A. Clear interior of installed piping and structures of dirt and other superfluous material as work progresses.

Maintain swab or drag in piping and pull past each joint as it is completed. Place plugs in ends of uncompleted pipe at end of each day or when work stops.

END OF SECTION

ANSONIA, CONNECTICUT