Mission_66_Plan_for_the_Parkway_0001.pdf

MASTER PLAN

FOR '.ffiE PRESERVATIOU AND USE

OF

NATCHEZ 'IBACE PARKWAY

VOLUME I

Chapt er 5. Des ," '1 Ano.lye is

Volume I, apter 5 Design Analysis

Paae 1

PKY- I T 208o- E, ~neral Development Plant

Prepared by: : Bruce Gregory Date June 16 1 19§1 Park Landscape Architect

Revised b Date January 27, 1965 andecape Architect

' I

I

1•:.. ,:t..:ER "PLr"Jl pr ' RESERVA' or AJID l·:;c QF c;, _ llli? TKA ? KW . . l

·OLU I

C 1a ter r.- Design ln a.1.:,·_, is

Gene 1:..1. Co s 1 dera i O!:S

Vol ume I, C~ap ~e r Des ign Ar :uysi

?g_ge 2

Tt e I:: iP..r. , r a· e r, " o l il.ier, c1.nd p st r i der , combi e · wi .r. !t:_ny ore ners o:.ages o a as t e r . . a '"' B .l edde dee l ~,- in o .. h e gr ow:u ru d in o : e pages o f ' i., ·or, ; r <>.il :.r:d ro2. w:1. i c· were a. i i~ inary rou e of t r ... vel a cr..:, ss , ::,o r-- i o n o h is co 1~r~- . L ach i:~ 1is i me l:as "er ve t o de eper. the :t r ;1 s a.r. c · e l _ e · o es abl i :1 ° image , lege :.:i , or e': e n a :1 r:o r o us s vor•; e.'::)o u ... r o ,sd t r c:. ~: ·s C' me t o be lmov:. _ 'J'i .e Natc :1ez '.i:rnc ~ .

T · ? · -.-k_ .: r ice cot"-rie ,1o r . c _ :. i ~ ro!".<: O'- ".:.·.e o:,s ~- c·. io of ·

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Be CC!.U e ,. ·,e -X venJdl 0'-4.:.. ·:,.r , vi ..... t:- ｾ＠ poi!: ... a of : . . S or s e er L-:i~)or u:ce , e r · i,: l e .... s sigr · ~ica2 p c: k'w' y . e io: s -~ t:!

re iced i ven•.ll v 1 v:. o ·1 r :.i.ge : i:' <-.creage 11--:i "at.. o .

'I'Le p .. _:sic lli s ett i ｾ＠ o ; r c:L~ - of- wuy !~· s !"tO-l. • e c. s · e . e d ·1s r em.11.i.e .. :. an -. ve r ld..- E·:er: ,.,,it:-. c - ref' l :.u-.:-. i.L , th ':nur.an f uc .:c .:-.. i r,vol ve · i i. l .J ttcq ii s i tio . u f n ,.-e r:, loq; ri~ o l e.nd c .r .o -.. r-.ely, b -~ " · u.:.. l u " i n ｾ＠ o c casio . ｾ＠ un de si r a · l e ir: t r us1 0 1 .

T on , co:: t. inui n td s .or c b.l an c:. olog i ctJ.. re ·e e.rd. :. 3..y

~)ci r:+ ·.1p i:te Hnv ,t.B.t!;e s o ~ td c: · t ior. _, o r t!. j ustme ... s o exis i :.

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r

- Volw .. e I, C":1 . pte r 5 Design :J1 y s lr.

Comprel1ensi ve i n t erp r-et i Ol! c i . o t, r.r1' will no , be p r e sent e d , .. f be ? race L· i 11 e "f ee he t o i s elf an i rdlviuu i n<: id As w-u.s t he Old Tra c e , toe ro 1 a "' i. l e loc::i. _o _ . The si:o con1b i n .tio. i of 1,1a.."1:: facets , e a c ' , of peo_le and what t h ey ha ve do n p res ent P.:irkway will serve as a i n e . to ite d ive r s e geographicw.

se~:ie s o f this part of t h e u into o e l is or · c u enti · .

Circulat ·o : , P lora y mo t o roa d s :. ::-.ndP..rds b y ｾ＠ t e e l evel a re 1 r•J- , ru l f ew Federal roa d a w 1 ~·e ·o u r kwa :, co:1 rols ;.;1 h o. e q ·al · 0 1..::: t o f

:i f o . it y . The 2c'. - 'oo ｾ＠ - wi de .. -..ro-l 1.1 e paveme n t me.in ains r r ini!:iun:

s i g•• t ct1 s - a:~c o f A. ·;,r o x i.~a el_v 1 ;:_ioo f e . . iie e d e d d.ncl g c-.\·el ttbi -

:'.. ze •, r.o U.: · ers are s i x ~e ct vr'. e . 1a i:, uri en1.d i s s e ·• t 7 er-c e n wi 11 i: op t i 1Y. i.L ,Je· 1.g 1 .o ';, . e r e 1,t . Hori z.01~t curves, w:. i c. P " per- el v·1:.e 1, do no' eY e e egrees o cur n~t ure.

'e~ t i c · c u r ves rt.re ., .. ,i 1 • r.:um of ') 0 f e e t i r leng ..,; _. f l o pe s re tl , i !.£ f rom cut s r,:d f i lls :.re ca re1ull·1 grad d 2-r:·1 s t a b ili ze · .

I· '::.dcii ·~!..01: o t.r1e ｳ ｡Ｎ Ｚｾ ･ ｴ｟ ＠ f nc , o r i: , \· lvc cl ,;i: r: c t~r i :J. cr.. : i n ri •t, 2 1-.:. L u.d.-, r &pe tec:.;:o l o~· •:1. uul w i fo .::1ni ,: o f J c " i · :. s a c e ·, 0

-: \ r o · 1 ::m .. :, · :. e n ti:- ... 1-:' ·a~· .

-1ppro:~i :---.atel :. "' ~ed r ·1 m d :: :-i:;,ary ~·tr:,.- :.::.c:-.;.··t:;s cro~·s .. e ?t,.1 .--::,.-ey .

.:. ｾ＠ se1. t ;x,l i cy r eqt.. : :·es :::t.t -.1 1 :::: c: : ·o ·• --- " -... :.::. r~. r i ·e • ~- e Pe.. J<:-,.r2~· s:1all cros s a s e - 3. :.e el v • t io r.s . ~x · .:; .. i n.g ro n.ds w; i c:. c r o s gr- de we r e co:•st- r-... c ~c 2 ::- :·or~ cor.:: r e:· e r- ·ve ;- :. :-.. , r.1~ rs : e- fo r ~

· · e l' 1 e ' ·1 - . I O l c· ; ::i ro ,.. ,, r - • · :.. ,. r et" • ;i 'I e .,. e d • L d . • __ _ , 1.. • • - , ,. a. · , " - · .1 ~r :n ti O L.,s :· e anJ e ' :!iO·.or r a·.-e l i r . . :-.e ro s · -•r · :·c· ·~·as r.o t l • · c ::..,:...· e :

a1?d lo.r.£ - ... !:' ~~ :,1 11 ...1.i : g :~o'"' cF!l] s ~o r ... . _ ·:e .- t.~ 1~l i r" i ?1a t i o n o ..

s v c~ g r a r us s · ~c~ -

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COr! .... :.. ... U ·t io.. . r-.

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!i r .. -::~ar r .e f" - e t. ... 8 . _ : e lo ·L

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Tner a re mt..: ·,· i i, --::e.:. e w:- i c··, r cqui rt: t'.. " t p b l::.c . oa : <- ;-~

}1e ? -~~·k,,"<' ti .d ;,.: . t.h ' r. ;;ark 1 ,,:1 . . :; .

· :-. s · "! roa ,l · "- · :::,e cocc. " :.1.. t ~ .. s ~_o :~ 1..:;..10 : t.~!e ｾ＠ ...... o r i s E>ni c 11.. c; "" .... ~-· .;,(~; r :.. ,· tol e r wt e c. -:.o 0

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I

Volume I , Chap e r 5 Des i gn Analys i s p ne

" TJ-i e onl maj or waterway cros s i ng is e.t t h e Tennes s e e i ver . The mi l e - l on r u idge is now compl ~t e d . The b r idge s ite i s a t Colber t Bay on Pickwi ck L,-::.ke , , .!)p roximat ely 1 5 ruil eo we s of Florence , Alabama . A th i s loc s.t i o1 t: e C}· ickas :w I ndian Chief Geo r e

Col be rt , i naugr a t e d a fe r r y crossing s i=- r v i ce i n 1 1.

No air strip s o r other f o rm of co1,une rc ial r anspo rtat i o ., area ..

exist wi t h i p r e s e n o r pr o po s ed park"wa~, 1 ds .

Visi t o r Us e Faciliti e ~

I n a ddi tio o .e Na t io. and r e g ional h i s ory w:, i c will b e e e d " . e _, r k vis i o r a bl e tO ava i ' ,imself' of f a cilities ho ':.l. on ark 1 -, · s outhe r r, States .

T:1.·o .is r a ve l, he w · 1 so b e ab dance of 1 ned r e c reatio n and in adj a cen a re · of he , : r ee

Picnicki:. , c raping , : r a i l hiki. , horseb ck ri c.L .g , f is hi ng , s ome a cque.tic r e c r e a t _on a re e · i sti ng on he p r e s e. ?ark..r1:~y or are pl a.nne · f or de 'elo;, . . e:1 a.t l 0 "te t a.ges .

Ove ·: i r-!t c ·m~ i :.g facil i ie.:; · ill be ·ai.l able ' 3- :::;) , Li t tle : o ,· . i. P'i.r i-: ( 3- ·.) , Colbert. F r

Mer i we w er Lewi s ? t-ffk ( 1 - ..... ) . . es e re t h fo

' e · of -.: e ?:! e._- . P:res e : stet ts o f t-se

:.i J tle r-~ountE-.i.. : Compl e e .

o ky ::,pri.

Pa rk ( 2- C) , e.nd me.jar · veloI1e d a r e s is :

1-!e r ive t . . r Lewis : C .p i1 · tuld t r e il a r e a under co n st c t · on .

Pee~· ~:-in; s : J nder co s t.ruc t i on en d wi, l be o e t ,o t he _ ubl i c in Le _., _ ri of 1 ·5:, .

Col"• e . -: e rry : P o c;: r amr::e f o con:pl e ic . :!.~ f i cal · ear l ' .S' .

In a ·ai -:.io . , o l bert err :.r ?:.u-k ....- i ll pro e bo a l a !-i i ,g ia.cili .i es d or: cess io, r s ervlces ·up pl :ti. g r,..,o l ine , ·oo 1 f .:.. s ;1i ng ~ck.le ,

· :~d o t. .e r r el a ed 'ir -:.. · cle'" . 'fl .ese area s .rill also 0 ~-:'er pie , icking e s and . a ur e -,.-, s e .. .:.c r ails .

. ,o ue:;: r.o a p .rt. of park.r y or o e r Federal evelopme n , f ur he r aqua i c rec re :1 i o r. v i ll be ':\V&ila le a dj c e nt vO .e . a rkway n . ou n and ,, e r r >~i :->s i s si_ :91 . TL e Pear l .. iv r ,e s en·-:, ir s r ' e e l opme n , .. · :.:-: e 20- mil e ke will r:. t \.,, f" :-i,1.:h-w J for ap _ rox ... ma ely o r 5 .niles . Fi f n :ilec; o f ark"..-~y beir~.

reloc · • o r r i se · i n 1 9. e t- o all w fo r t is l 2 l<e .level op .e . .

- Volume I, Chapter

De ig An JSiS

I addi t i o . t o t he ubo ve - rnentionerl Develo_ e d Areas, 1 : r ox i matel· · 7 ad ditional hi o r t c d ~ce ic parki. areas re p rogrammed f or const ruc t ion o ver t11e entir e p ~ kw"ay . Tu · te , 48, or bout half o hese · e a s , re existing .

Sel f - guiding tours , interpr etiv t r ail s i g s , and printed a ta serve as t .,e maj or s o u_ ce of ·:isi t or in for.nat i on. ·ie vert heles , a cer a.ins aee "' of .:::-a·rP.l, i t beco e s impera tive ha . t he park vi 1 or rece ive direc t inf o rma i on and _,crso .al cc tact t : r ough rep r esentatives of . e Perk ervi ::e . .is cont act wi ll be pro vide by un · fonn d personnel loca ed a t :-.e major de eloped cr eas ｾ＠ d parkNa. buil d i n s . The b 1il 1ing Yh i h serves e. e m~j o c: ourr::e of ene r ·_J_ i n format".on and hi" to ice..l i nt re ion i s o c"'.te a t ':'ti e lo e d _uar e .~ .

. \ [,e co1. er:,· /i s i or Ce. t er will 1.. loca t e11 at . . ie.s!'!ville er.:1.inus .d . e I', chez Term·nus . Fo~r t:isv - ic no 'Se. ·ere or \,ill be

·.re l ope d a s mus eums. 1oun t Locus ._ -.> J-~ e:d s re inqui ~; , Gor o . Ho, e, an ? erkin r ouse Mon Pie r ) .c'- ·- r co!:l: .. e . ' ed bJ ...

: e r vice f o r a c 1 ,: 1 ion .

l. w •• :,si e us e urn p res e:1 l j ' ex j 3 ,.. at i~i ·g el e:.n o:-1e 1 :-ir.e · for >'.er .!.·,1et:1e r e ',,l'ic . :~ ese ,,. '._ c ure :.3.ve _iJ e ;

x1 :. b 1 ts , o .. o r 1:. ior. fa.en _;_

'' ｾ＠ se\.1!'.:! .,;: 1c· 11ny oe o ::-e . c: ::: u::-:. 1. : .c ·

·: se ~. r ioJ .

E.~·r. l \...it •:.!: · Cor: t t ct ::&t:.01,s • t h c orr.:'o'!"°'... t.e. io:, i::c iLi:.ie· 2-.re 1ro ;:,osed for ~ocky ~::- r · 1 g., Park "'_ "i.o::ii ·b ?ark ,,r e '! '1° rokee-

• t..:t '&r . oo s Are , -~.c. eri·we .. Lew i::; _ :... r L. T i s ~cil i J will

::. e s i: d.lar o he ·.: .. y s1 e Exhibi S: el te r wi .. c . O'!" t. '"' '. h i o :. , b t.

w.:.11 c..l.::o · .. clt ·e ? rovisiv iS :~or , e·:1. · : . ..1 e:.:i l c :·e .

.= :,:...i 1:, . ::.er :: ~.!.L!. COL .. i t= e xis , e.

c •· - e:1·.c: L i ·_ -1_ l•!o iu:tr :.:. . ter of :.h. s ;,; ,e'1 fa _ :· . . nrr :-.o··r:,!'" . i ::-Jl 0_ i:-?

~c.., :: e e )(...~ i b : s : .eJ t r s .,e. ,cri te . i !. :. e c llo'J .:. . g :1~ : rr ~: . , al houg~. sorncw.~ t e i · r ge,t i i s i .... '= i r.,: ~-=·. a Ci icr: ....l. e nc l o") re .

_,;en·J- o ~e wa.·s:de c.,! . iLi • s :.el · ers i1r l?j g . e •• . . d t :· rema ir.in 1 3

CO!lS' r u e . i l . e .r. . . i l i ~; . 1 .er<· s r v"' -:o race i n s o f "!.:-.-,_ re" , o r i ::11 tlr kwav e: . r w.ce .£'-9.r ic r y i s p : ·11 m·•.:'.":· , · n ,.·,.r i. .gs , or <-.t. i f .c .. i nrJ. i ~e.· us

Volume I , Ghapter 5 Design Analysi s to the immedJate locale . The shelters a re open-sided structures 0 n tree s ides, approxima tely 26 by 18 f e e t i s i ze .

Thirteen comf o r t s tations ar in · e and 10 more a re pr o _o sed .

These un l t s are l ocate a t deve l o ped areas along t he ? ~rkway .

Management F'llcili ties

Present pl anning doe s not ｾ＠ ill for an e xtensive s ys t em o f se r v i _e sta tions within parkw 0 y le.n s. ~e veral view-poi· s have beer. s e t fortl: in past policies de sc rib ing t he pros and cone:; o ver thi public service . The general oncensus now adher es o t he policy t hat pr ivate enterpr ise dho uld be encouraged to f ul fi~l t his publi c need en p r j v +eland adjacent tote ParkYay . One s ervi e station , as a conces s i o, oper a tion, i s no~ in opera tic on the Park,.ray npproxi .t e l y mi d- wa y between Tupelo Ee rdq uPrter s d

J a ckso n . Audit i onal s ervice ~t a tions are p r oposed f o r Roc ky Spr i ngs Par:{ an C< l ert Fe rry Pa rk e as .

·ern i h t e. co::--.reod:i i ons a r o-t µro vi decl on t ,. e Par~ 'Y . .:o future l i u 0 • ro o.., e s ti: e e s-'- bli hme nt o f h is :;. i c se r vice .

\s r evi o ly mentio. e uncer Vibi o r use Fa li tie~, :1 new i sitor e nter 1 now locate u a t l o Head uar e r .

bt:.il ...: i. .g • ro \· i de o f . ~ce s_ e ce fo r _:-.e <>..dmi i s tr-nti-.·e

· is i t o r ce nters · re pr pcse d i:tt bot', t ne n.s 1:vi_le m · t .,e tln c hez Termi us .

A F'r que r. c · -'.o ulatio. r ac io sys e .. r.ow i . .;se. 'I\rel e :-el ;

st· tio,.s a.re co ns ructed, wi rh r ·. l e "' r a a suc:1 t i.J e nee . : iooil t 1..1.r. i t s a re ,., sc veh i cle

. a h '. ｾ＠ _een .. r o yo se,~ i n he s pa r r..; ·l.,· developne nt wo.rra'f1 s i :, · i r .'.!., ger • a i n t e once

For ; e ru.r_ se o f ... , i n te:: .ce e . e . t , ｾ＠ : ·at c ::e ::: _r .ce Pa rkwe.:: :s d i vi ·ec i n o Dis Tl .ree · i t r ict 'illd ix Ｍ ｵ｢､ ｩ＠ r ct a:·e .s e cl es _ nate . E c h a r e a is pro"ose d to conte i.. lr, n d i _10 t o e m1,10;1·ee r 0 s i e ces) : " .. op , ru- e , t or"' ·e SlJ ce, office, :we. mi s cella o 1 s ot he r build i ngs, s as pur:::p ho··se and fire c · c he, a s required . taffit g und o peratic. al

· a t rr.a_· be obta.11 e d f r om he t,: 0 6 Pr o "'p ectu i: . Ri. dgelru. , Tupelo , · :l Meri'lole ~her Lewis a re t :1 is t r ict Head e;_ o.r t ers .

e

Vclume I, Cha pter 5 Desig .. Analy s is

Natchez, ort Gibso n , Ko s c iusko, and Da ncy r re ex i sting Subdis t r i ct

Ar eas. These a reas f'u.lfill pr e s ent r e quirements and 1 o expansion is proposed . The two remain i ng c u bd i t ict Area s r':! p ropo sed for location on Pa rk.way Section" ~- D Chero kee) and 1 -B (Le i pers ForK) .

Emplovee residences wi ll be ' evelo pe· a t a !)a.Ce to mat ch ove ::-all parkway expansion . The .~ajor concentration of houses is now a t Tupelo Hea dq uarte rs '\,tlti 30 re b .1. de nces e xisting . 'l\.rel ve add i tional ho uses <ire locate a t six s e ?ar a t e ma i n ter a.nee a reas . Be yo nd l ?(S ,.. , 27 a ddi ti o r.al ho use "' a r e prog rr:mu.1e d . Tr, i ,1ill bring to a maxlmun1 t o tn.l ~? e mployee re s · dence s pro _ose d fo r he e ntire Pa rkNay .

Util i 1 i e s

The ex e n ded ch acte r of he Pe.r kway nece s i ta e : a t utili t ies b e a cquire · from everal s ource . \o/ithi t h e .:.h r ee - St.ate a r e a . All e x isti ng elec t r ic i t y an · t ele~hone service meet required demane a .

,H t h few e xcept i o . s al l na o r .d mL .or ark area s obt.ain w· ter from wells on park 1 ~ . · hl1 ~are in i vi u:u wa t e r and sewer sys e ::'.S . Por t Gi bso r. , K sci u ko , .c :Udge L m u e nearby mt:r. i ci ;>al .,ate r, v i ile t e pe lo Ee: dq ·· rte rs ,'I.re a i s ppl ied by well wi h stor ; e pr ov i de~ by a r , or ~ •11 n elevate d a.r;k . · l y s emG a :-e n e _;_,.<, e -~o r r e se. : " .d expecte d f t.u1·e use .

Telephone s er ·, ice i s :-o .ow . ,·iJe · a t l·'.u 1: t Loc us . ? r es t incre ' si!1g v is ite.tio .. co' iple ,,.·i :: exp ecte : ex_ ans i c i nd ic,-. e s tt a t t .e i..s t alla t i o :-. of iiis s e n i ce '"'ou.1 · . o ve ', . .., .t ec s to bo t :: park pers on •. el r.r. ,·i s i - rs in ~e re , .

To date 16 · · .11 s of . ·.rk'..,r a:i· r ig::t - cf- ·:iJ r e~a i . o be s.cquire ' .

F .al loc a . ion ceci sio. s u r e •;et t ·o n -. e o.. e tio ::s - A and

1-B . The r e mai!-11 g s ect ior. s t!r e in vt .. r i o .1., - t e s f t.a. t e s urve y e.n d a cqui s i io .. p rior t : arlorr~y o,m e r s : i p .

Una c quire d l a nd m Ｍ ＠ t '.e e n ti re Parkwu:,· .

e c.h ·i ·,: ,i i

.:e J r"' · o t r e

.ree f; egme nts L so , t .'.is s i · s i ?~ i an .. ra ch e z .

O!' - ic l ocu tic .. s ove r

ｾ＠ .

Volume I, Chapter 5 Design Analysis

Pagi 8

From Tupelo nort ·ard to t he 'l'ennessee Ri ver i n Al.abama •

• From Ten1essee Highway 9, five miles north of

Meriwether Lewis Park, o the Nashville Tenninus.

Detached Areas

Emerald Mound, Tupelo, and Brice <- Cros s Roads a re Jetache d area s along tne Parkway. Where dists.r~e 1s reasonable and h is t orical value wa rrants, as a t Emerald :.:ound , an a ccess road will b e p ro

·.ridt:d to the a 1 te , tying 1 t phys 1 cally t o he Parkway . Other his t oric sites beyond the right-of- ay will be no t e d a t s oc-,e i nterpret i\·e sta tion along the mu tor roa- .

M1\STER PLAN

FOR THE PRESERVATION' AND USE

OF

NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY

H S ION 66 EDITION

Tabl e of Con ten ts

Fo r eword

The Park

The Mission

MASTER PLAN

NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWA''

MISSION 66 EDITION

Volume I

Master Plan Narrative

Chap t e r 1 , Ob ·ec~ i es a nd Policies

Sign i f i c a n t Re s ources

Signif i can t Values

Prese r a t ion and Us e Po l icies

Guideli nes

Chap e r 2, Vis i o r

' T he Park

8 . Future Cs e Brief

Ch a n t r 3 , Park Or ganizat i on Brief

.-\ . The Park Organi z ation Ge neral

B. Off i ce of t he Supe rin te nd e nt

C . Area Se r vices

D. \"isi tor Se r v i s

Cha p t e r 4 , Pa rk Op r t ions Ou li nes

Chap r 5 , Design Analy sis

Tabl e of Con t et :~

Fe brua r y 1 3

Table of Contents (Cont ' d)

Volume II

Ma~.er Pl a n Drawings

Base Maps .

Developme nt Plans

Man a gement Plans

Volume III

Ge nera l Park InJonnat i o n

.) f iled separa t e l y

' b .rua r y 1962

• MASTER PLAN

FOR THE PRESERVATION A.ND USE

OF

NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY

MISSION 66 EDITION

1 r.c Servic e t hu s established shall

Promot e and regula te the u s e of

The Federal area known as national parks, monuments and reservations hereinafter speci f ied

By s uch means and me a sure s as on io rm o the fu nd a me ntal purpo s of t h s a i p a rks, monu me n t s a nd rese rvat ions v'h i c h pu r po e ! s

To ons v t he s cene r · a n t he n a ural a n historic o b jec. s a n t he Yil d li e t he re in , and

T o pro i d 1o r the e nJoy. en o f t h e sam i n s u c h ma n ne r and b y such mea n a s shall

Le a v e th m unim pa ire d f r he er~·oym n oi fu tur g ne r a t i on s .

F r om an .-\ · t

Park Servic e.

Establ . s h a Nati ona l r\ppro v August :.. s. 1916 .

F bnlary 1 9 - 2

Foreword

THE PARKWAY

atc h z T race Parkway is a high-standard motor road wit h a wide park- like right-o f -way ex tending northeas t f rom Natchez , Mississ ippi through t h e nor t hwest corn e r of Alabania, to Nashville, Tennessee. To a l l e agth of h e Parkway when c ompl teJ will b e

450 mils. At t h e hal f-way point o f MISSION 66 o n e half of t he

Parkway (226 miles) had b een dev loped and opened to travel, anJ app rox i mately 30 addit ional miles we re in various st a ge s of cons ru c tion.

T he Parkway follows clos ely the rout e of t h~ old h is toric Na tchez

Trace whi h developed from a se 1es of old trails , or traces, used b y In ians in th pre- Eu ropean p 1 ! nd . Th e wilde r ness r o adway linkin the settl e ments a t ashvill wit Natchez on t h e Mississippi

River became incr a s ingly important with he c oming of the whi t man. I mp roved a nd shortened ove r a per · od oi years , t h e Tr.8.ce pla · a vital part i n t he o pening a nd develo pmen t of t he Old South west.

The 01 T ra usually tallowed he high g r ou nd o n wate rshed d i vides a oi s r e am c rossings and swamps. Th e rou te o he Parkway day runs t h::-ough e r ra 1n ve r y similar in appearance to the period 0 1 h Trace ' s g r ea test use, 1800- 1830. Throu~h wood s, a c ross f la

0 1,;e n spac es, ski r in he swamps . holding t h highgrounds and o v e h hill , c ross in rive r s ands rams, he Pa rkway presen s a c ons tantl; c hangin n v f or h rav • ler.

Prac i Lally t h ~ n i e r ou t 1s with pa~ oral t ra nq 1 i Th~r o pmen s a o g o r ad a ent to th ma 1or u rba ar as - ac k con a nd

Tri-c 1 : i e s <Tusc u mb ia, het i 1 hrough r ral ri 1 tu ral lan _ ar no 1mpo r an : in us rial d

Parkway. Its ou e by-pas s s

-u p l o in ~ississippi , and h

, and ilore nc ) jn Alab a ma.

\" 1 -

'1re

- Foreword

THE MI SS ION

T he Nat c h ez Trace Parkway -its mission is to give the visitor an understanding ad apprecia t ion of t he role played by the Natchez

1race in t he po li tical, social, economic , mili ta r y , a n d n 'l.tural his to ry and in the d e v e lopmen t of t he old Southwes t and t he nat ion.

Th e Na tiona l P a rk Se rvice -it s mission a t Natc h ez Tra ce Pa rkway is to aiminis te r prese r ve, and inte rpre t t h e Parkway Lor t he ins p i ra t ion and e n j oymen t o prese n t and f utu r e genera t ions.

,\pprov :i: ,//(. 51-;e,;z-vo /LI

4 ss-rD ir ctor · Date

MASTER PLAN

FOR THE PRESERVATION AND USE

OF

NATCHE Z TRACE PARKWAY

VOLUME I - Chap te r 1

Ob "e c tives and Pol i cies

Feb r uary 1 962

Pre pare d by:

Re vised by :

Rec ommended by :

Volume I, Chapt er 1

Objectives and Polici e s

Pag, 1

MASTER PLAN

FOR THE PRESERVAT ION AND USE

OF

NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY

Cha~ te r 1, Ob j ective s and Po licies

S igni f ican t Resourc es

S igni f i c an t Values

Prese r v at ion and Us e Po lic i e s

Guidelines

* * * * * * ｾ＠ * * * * * * *

Malc o l m Gard ne r

Su pe r i n t e nd e n t

Regiona l Of fice S a f

Ma l c o l m Gard ne r

Supe rintenden t

Da te : 3 / 3 0 / 6 1

Da te: 1 0 1 13/ 6:;.

Da t e : 2 / 1 6_

Conc u rre d : _ _ ____________ _ _ _ ___ ______ Date: _ _____ _

Chief , Eas t e rn O . f i c e, D s i gn & Cons t r u tion

Conc u rre d / s / E. M. Lisl Oat 2'120 62

APPROVED : Da te: ...,, y _, Feb r u ary 1962

Volume I, Chapter 1

Objectives and Policies

MASTER PLAN

FOR ~HE PRESERVATION AND USE OF

NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY

VOLUME I

Chapter 1. Objec t ives and Policies

Natchez Trace Parkway possesses historic al resources of National importance.

f ignificant

To say t hat the most signifi c ant resources of the Parkway are th visible remains of the old Trace , a fe w buildings, stream crossings, many landmarks, pione er homesites, or Indian mounds, which r ecall how t h e o ld .:-oad was use , may be tnie . I f so, i t is only because t h ese nu me rous sites are ti e d together b y a road , a s u c cessor to t he an in t h o r ough f are, with a b r o a d righ t - of -way i n many place s preserving and presen t ing s ometh ing oi h appe arance o f h e land t hrou h whi c h wa lk d or rode innume rable p ione r c haracte rs , I ndi a ns , " Kain u c k ' ' boa tmen , itine ran t preach e rs , h ighwaymen, c itizen s o l d i e rs , l and s eekin g s p ulators and h ome s ee kin men and women .

Not m r ely t h e road it s el bu t s tnictures e r cted t :; man are ob r e·kon ed as signifi ant r sources . Eart hen stnictur s. Emerald, ~lan gum, By num, Ph a rr , and Bea r Creek Mou nds are visua l r eminders 0-t h Indian s who li\e in t his land before ~h e c omin g o t h e white man .

0 h r structu res - ~loun Locu s , h e Gordon House, and many stru t ure s n a r bu o a p a rt o · h Pa rkway - are asso i a ed wi h t h m n a nd wome n wh o ame to his l a nd to c a r ve home ou t o h wi l d rn ss - h s c ne o f ea r ly west r n ex p a nsio n in o the Old ut h w st .

Wh il not al 1 h e: r ud f a il it ies whi h a ccommod a t. d h m n wh ravel h e T ra e hav urviv d, ma ny o f t h e sits wh r e t hy st od, o asionally ma rked by h e aps of rubble, s t ill e xist.

0t h - r landmarks o n h e P a rkway r c all t h e history o f the land, s t at<', nd nation in wh ich he o lct T rac ·a s a significant lemen t . B un a r ies, for xampl e, did not J U S L h a pp n. How e a h wa s mad by man, som t1m s at r lon and l abo r i us r t, is a sign iii a n t s to r and o t 11 g r a l int r s to h v i sitor. Th sites of x in t towns or villa!;! ::s a 1· r lie s o f h 11 a mbi t i ons of m n ·~· !1 n ribut d h e r owth h 01 w · .

F bruary 1 2

Volume I , Chapte r 1

Objecti ve s and Pol i cies

Ot h e r sign ifi ant r esou r es a r e t h e wh o l e spect rum of natu ra l phe nomena f t he Parkway a rea because t hese s t r o n g l y influ e n c e d t he c h a r a c ter, h i s t ory, and very loc ation of t he T ra e.

Also import a n t a s a r esourc e is the Pa rk\ 1 y ' s c oll ect i on o books, pamphlet s , n aps , ma nu s c J·1 p t s, pr i n t s and o t h e r ma te rial re l a t ing to the his to r y o f the Old T race .

The tangib l e r e sourc es i mp 1·e ssivel y e xe~pli fy and c r e ate apprec ia t ion o f a signifi · ant hapter i n t he h is o r y of t h Ame ric an f ron t i e r.

igni f ic an t Va lue s

The t a ngib l e resou r ces o f Na tchez Tra ce Park way e xempli f y, and c r e a te in t h e visitor unde rs t anding a nd apprecia t i o n o f :

( a) T he barrie r whi c h th ' s wilde rness c oun t y a fford d ro

Uf i ult i s t p r es n d o t h ,.) s who bra ved it .

(b) Th 1 8 h cen t ury struo- 1 o we n England , Fran an con rol of t his r gion .

r a ve l and h pa1. n fr

( c) h cx pan ion, be w in O h "o 1 OU l h we s t ' ..

. l 7 0 an 1 30 o t h h d i ffic lr 1es 01 s

_·oung . .\m ric an R ~publ 1.

t l em nt, and t h Inrli a 1 t r oub le s 1n i dent th e r eto .

(ct) Th l iie on t he i r on 1 r a t t ha ime a nd h effo rts through indus ry and a ri ul ure awa r d a hievi n g sel -su f i c i n y in t h f r onti r unt. r y.

( e) Th su c wi h p r e h istori prod d .

siv -. ·a,· o human o c upa ncy this r gion , ar t1n m n (and his im p r ssive mounds) and :h c tu r s rhey

( t ) The d i versi yo tauna nd t l o ra resu lting r om t h r an ot 50 an t h a t nd nt 1...l imat 1 c han g s .

a i udi n al

( ) Th e g o l ob1 · srory wh · h produc a nd 1uclu whir- h in urn pr du ,_ h e h o s ils , an t h o p g r a phy n oun

(h ) Th r laxing r e r a i ona l ben is whi h th s e s c n s.

a nd L n s cap •d, o ay af o· h e vi •ito r .

y p s o t 1· ck red '.1 r t h na ur.J

..- b r ua r y 2

Vo lume I, Chapt r 1

Ob ject ives a nd Polici s

The ational Park Se rvic e mu s t maintain an a lert trus t eship over the Parkway and must have c oncern fo r the historic and natural his ory surroundings ; and assure a high standard o f i nterpretive servi as am ans of p rovi ding for full visitor e n j oyment.

Prese rva ion and Use Policie s

T h e mission of t he Nation al Park Se r v ice at the Natche z Tra ce Parkway is to provide an au t h e n ti and e nl igh tening story o f t he old T r a ce and x plain wh i t was important i n t h e hist o y of t h e Old Southwe s t .

To pres r ve and x plain the T rac e and it s si ni icanc o es J r h irr p laceable lands and s t ruc ur s o condi tion wh e r ve r f a s ible .

, i is n cessary h e ir 1 0 - 1 30

T he pat te rn f use al r eady dev lope d o n t h e Parkway shoul d b e per fe , t rJ and larged t r. et demonstrat e d visi or needs a s h y b c o me appar nr .

r a mi nis rative pu rpos s t 0 d eta hed a r a a a minist r d by h

Parkway sta ·r . At Bri s ross Roa ds and Tupelo Battlei i ld , s el -gu id-ing d \I; C s nd li t ra ure cs. re h o n l y o rms of in rpr t a ion '11 1 V >

The s s r v ice are pro ided by th • Parkwa y s t a f.

...: a r t '

' ou nd a r <.

i s o ~ h r- ,. rthe l

Park · ,.

ss , . n pr cs.nd, ra r l y, wi 1 n 1nu

1n .ome rew i n o be n e ssary, ct · th an e s 1 to a s ablis e n o has b en n <. ·s!:>a r y bou nd ar1 s t o me t un o r s e n n , s.

One sp ._ i.al y pt 01 coun ary ad · ustm nt will b o asi nal x han s s c n 1L ea m nt , now in parkwa · wners h ip, fo r s a eg i a f !1.:c sin. pl la n · . Ex p l s 1n l · d i n sul a • i n lands a a n to [3 a v r Da and ,k k1a. a s m 11 I nrli an mound a t hoc a w Soun ar;. and t h a n rso n roa d r s r vat i on. 1 nic aseme n ts ar a yp ot a nd ar a ou irr i 1 n and · 11- t lin h n h yin olv lana s with a t y po ent:al r o r 1 u r al u c nic as m n v r ( r ' k b ottom J a~ml an o,· r l ow are riot a problem . \ thorit _- f r s u h x c h an , s i o n a in 1 n Pub 1 i <.: Law 7 - 7 6 , a ppr v d ,Ju n 3 0 , 11. .

T h a

Parkway ·

· r s s 1n

1ns all -v i i r na ural o bu s and ·. ·ill c L1nu be a d v e r s e us so th Parkway. Th own 1· ~ i o nal a nd CO!l1lTlu ni t y uL ili y n d make n sa h ~ oI po•., 0 r, rs. an · e ) ph n l in s . \Vh r e ve r po sib l r hes j n s ar • p] a • dun e r r ro~ nd . om ar i c on pi •u us an . wh i h ") ar • 1n u s1ons, t h y ar pr b abl:-• o , ·., rl ook ct t :- m s

I i u n tc r unat , t h l som u nd r cr r oun inst all a i ns. no abl\· lin ' r· qli r L l ar l?n a r s parkway p r t tn

· ommun1 · n ' d , h r e 1 lit l h Na t o nal Pa r k vi ~ a n hat such us' 1s reason ably unobtrus v .

F ·bruary 1 2

Volume I, hapter 1

Objectives and Polic ies

The nume r ou s access roads are e xamples of advers use whic h are both potentially d angerous a nd aesthet ically dis ple asing. Like t he gra de c rossi ngs , they a re resul t s of design policies in effect before Wor ld Wa r

Two. Fo r ·una te ly , bot h r li s o f t h Parkway's e arlier day are not with

11s lo s t ay. Even tu ali.y t h e Parkway will c lose t h access roads and wi ll build ove rpass s.

The Parkway will p rmi t h e r ecti n of s e rv · e sta tio ns o nly at t hose

,J a c s where priva e enterpri~e f a1!s, o r i likely to a i l, to provid d qua a c ili l i e s .

Th Parkway will c n t inu Lo c on t rol special u s s , g rant ing pe r missi n or su t, us o n an ad hoc basis . rhap s h spe 1al use most i mmed i.a t l:,;

appar n t to t he isi to r is t ha t o f s c hool , pa t riot i , and histori c al r oups r ave ling in h ar e r d bus s s ve r h Parkway .

Ot her sp ial us s , hi h pe rhaps mos v isitors would notice only w •re they absent , ar gra Ling and a g ric ulture. Unlike th Kat ional Parks, t h

Parkway story is one o p opl e and heir use of t he land . The g ra z i ng and l a rmin along th P rkway, u nd e r s pec ial us pe rmi s , help s et t h s t ag for in rpr a ion an al :- o r duc e os of mai anc

_.\ I "W p r iv paral l 1 r ads are 1· qui r a s a resul t 0 ct r e s r va ions o r allow d u nd r s p c 1al us p r .:i t Th1:, a r n t Si ni1ic an t in trusion or a p r 1cu la r p r 0b l em, bu L , hey a r a ma t r 0 nsi rable c onv ni t parkv. \" n ighbo r . s 11 · ial r a C ss 0 r Si ual l a nds.

Th r a r nd wil l conri nu t o b a numb e r f re urring r e q u · sts fo r

B y S ·ou t ., 11.·o rking to r t he ir ·ac c he z T 1·a Tr k r ·out h r ou ps wil l o n tinue o wan : o camp a ~ a r a d ve l o p d as a mp r oun s. Th s a n o h r r e q u pe i a l p 1 i \"i 1 g i n ~i ni a . an ot h othe r than h s c on tinu ·ob c nsi r individua l !

n i 11

Th Park-.rny wi ll ra nera l no c one ssions fo lodging or t a ran s a s ad q u a t

: a c iliti ar · v o b" i ou nd in h E: n arby mmu n i i s.

1 iona1 amp ing an p1 ni c king ilit1 a r plann ct 1or R c kv prings, Colb r f rry, and~ riw h r Lewi - and po sib l y oth ~la,· s 1:

a di ti na l ｾ＠ d s · r mon t ra

T h , a im Ol th par.·•;,·. ,. i.n o- po l i •. · is l pro 1d a 1 i it d u rn r h us •s !Or hos s ub j t 0 c all r me r g nc y t e .,u s1d

•;.o r kin g ho r and who a r ·he r vi · ' s r o a i on p lL,Y . \dd 1-

· i o nal q a r a r at ie l ran e r a t i ns, and m d rn1 L.

propos thos "' a 1 p , H adq a r t r wo vis i o c. •n LP s, b ｾ＠ n t h t hr · · alr · y in op r e 1011.

One d e a l · 11,; •i h t he O\" 11 na u ra l his ory of Lh Pa rkw y a t

.I u n tain, and anot h r .,a ling wi t h he ove rall ant hropol og i a l s t he Pa r kway , prob ab l y at Pharr Mounds .

F bru a ry 196-t l 0 y

Volume I , Chapter l

Objectives and Policies

Parkwa d ve!op~ e n plans e n v isage t he a c quis i ti o n of t hree a ddi . io n a l, existing his toric houses - t o b e r e h abil i tat cl, f u r n ish d a s 1s t ori hou s e mus urns, a nd ma de in t gral parts o f t he in terpr tiv e p -.. , ram.

T he s e a r e n o t r o ns tru _ tion .

The I n t e rpret i ve Th eme is c n l ed o n t h e part pla ed by ~he Tra e 1n t h e history of t he Old Southwe s t and t h e Nat ion e spec ially in t hey ars

1800-1830 , the pe riod of its gre a lest importance . Arc h eology, th

I ndian mound s and village s ites and na t ural history wi l l b e t r e a ted as i ntegra l p res o f t h e T r a e story. T he gra d u a l d e line and f inal al and o n me n t of t he Tra c e wi] 1 b e pr s e nted a s a phase of i mpro ed i n te rna l.

mmu n i c a t i ns i h t h orn i ng of t h e st ambo a t and railro a ds .

T h Parkwa y , b a u se of i ts l e n gth and loi:: a t i n , als f i gu r s promin ntly in r giona l inte ~pretat i on . onseq u e n tly , rn a Jo r e mphasis i n in rpre ta ion wi ll b dev ~ t ed to t h e s o r y o f t he Trace during t he ye a r s 1 0 - 1 83 e nd to · h his o o t h e Old ·o uthwest . Histo f th r egion , ch b for and a t r h pe rio d o gre a te s t si gni fic an . e , will n o be neg l - d .

,\rc h logy and natura l h i t o ry wil 1 b r e a ted a s an i n g ral par t of h

T ra ory .

P r k wa~ in rpr at ion , h o• · · r, 1s no r strict d me r l y Lo h o l d

~heL Tra I t is r ion a i ns pe . n qu e n l y \i~i o will bt nc oura 1n s ome pla - to t ak a dva nta g of h f ri n g s of a r1ous

··o pe r t ing o rgani z Li ons ; t h pi lg-r irna s 01 th ~ gard n c l ub in Na . h 7, 1 h , o l Capi o a nd ~l issi si ppi ' t a te ~\u s u m 1 n a kson : t h Te n n ss

S l at ~lus u m, h·= Ht rm i t a p rat d b,v t h e Laa1 s H rnnt a Ass ... 1. a · 10n

B 1 1 . lea ( p rat •d b y t h Assoc ia ion o r th Pr of f' nn s

An iq iti ). 11 1n ' ashv ill ; and t h rand Gu lf ri~a l Park n a r P o 1 t Gi b on , ~ iss i s i ppi . I n addi ion, v i i to r n ura~e d t o m k i ri ps i rom Co l b r t F •. r y 1 0 [uka and Co rinth , )is 1s 1 p p 1 , nd LO Shilo h ·a i n a 1 :,11 li a r :,· Pa r . o r r om Pr G1 ~on o : 1c ks r r

Xa tional M1 l i ary Park .

T h ·,q]l b ha i all y s ll - gu 1d d mb in1n i,; p •r · na l l i r cure a h \"isit o r Cen te rs wi h v i i t r id a n e io r t i " l d r ips . Along h Parkwa y a t i: 1n 1 in t r t , e . h P-· i s , m,uk •rs nd in rpr " iv d v i w1 ] l t: - pr \' l d ri o x plain h · 1 tfi , anc · po in s the 1 1s uor.

h pa te1 n r : u e al r~a y o n · h P rk.,., y h u 1 h • p I f , t ,ct a n o me t c! •mon r at d v ii o r n ••d a h y b ·c om" a pp.1 r " n r h , Pa r k · a j ·,q 1 1 n a s a r u e o I i · • r c h du l ed gu i de: u r s . ::, p l I t H tou r s wil l bl r r a n g - n n r Ul'S r i n e r •s •d O u <, o n l : 1 i JJ ' I '>onn - 1 l • . B \' a 1. ah d C l l~ ｾ＠ ) 0 ' , r -bru ar 962 o lume I, Ch a p ter l

Objectiv e s a nd Polic 4 e s

Pa ge 7

In arry in u l t h e Parkw·.y \lissi n, broad S rvic po l i y is int rpr t e d a 1d adapt e d to meet t h p c uli a r needs I a

P rkway .

Guideline s

1. I n te l li n g is slory ~h e Parkw~y wil l u se all c ur re ntly a c e p t d fonns 1nt e p r ta i o n. T h visi t ·1r will [ ind, 1n o r cle1 of 1nt nsity o t use:

b.

S lf - guidin tl vie s .

F r e and sal

On a n d o - sit publ i · a i o ns.

p rso ncl se r •i c s.

I n e rpr tiv m rk rs.

Waysi ! , lnb i

[ • H i S L I l C h OU S S •

Visi o r c~ n e r c on 1ni ng mu um- y p and udio-vi u al xhi b i s .

2 • Th 11 t h \iiorhowt h 01 d ra c atfe t cl

• v o p , n o h e ~ou •hw r r or a ri s o n : · r u p S .P ivilL~ed c ommu ni i s an n 1 11 egral pa r of h , \.11 r i c an n1 0

3 . Th P l<·.i.·., y m s i n -rpr r na u al h is o ry as h ' o a t. kgr ouncl t: s s a r y o u nd ' r· n t h ~ h1 to yo h g- i o n.

-1. TIP

cu l t'.lr s

3 . \\' h ,... r ~v ., r

. l a r s r

1 rr:

h ool.

g 1 \ . • ;, h i o n pro1 1

\ ' l S itor a d q· r1 SC. : p 1 "1 of u nd o n ..,:-ab ou t h , many I ncl i n

.1b 1 ar h e l ogic al c hn 1qu wjl b h u s cl

6 . C n tr a'- ts .. , u b ' n -~01.. 1a ' •.i. 1 th p b l 1 u i lttlt.S I '.) .r ·,,·a > o·,,·l I a nd l. omm n 1ca i o n ::, · ['\ i t. s a nd mai •nan ce . ·,vh r · a v 1 l ab l

7. . ' \' •1o p;nent ~i l • - ·h ul l o ng h Dar ·-.,av wi h a

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l t: n g h !-;h r,, 1d b ' h · r..llv.

nd ,,,rc!1.1.ma1n ·nn,;•._ -, ~ n,t tu 1 1 s · t n 1:,;. !:>_ ( " in l t '-• p e r i · :or tarnll'1 g and f! t a/. tn g clc· s i rn . · • fl pa rk wa y l nd s •,i:ill b · a ppro v f b ruary 2

Volume & 1 Chap te r 1

Object i ve s and Pol ic i es

10. o nc e n tra tion of a rea of visitor u s sho uld be a void ct to r e du c e impac t o n · he pa rkway r i ght-of-way .

ll. E l i minat.i n of a ll grade c rossin gs s h oul be a long-t nn goal.

12. \\'h e n advantageou s l:"J rig h ts for stra+egi fe tion of Public Law 87- 7ci .

h e Parkw , an e x ~ hange sc n i simp land may be a c om pl ish ct , b asem nt a uthori z a-

13. Mai n e nan 0 of op n v is t as arid s r e ning of undesirabl 1 a ur . s s ho uld be a c o n t i n •ing proce ·s .

14 . Parki n a r as, ov rlooks, and r late d i n t rpr t 1v signs and rails should be constru c t e d o n t mporane ously wit h t he mo o r road o b r ady t.o £un tion wh n a n ew s c i o n is op n d LO publ i c us .

15 . Ac ss conn ~ ti o n s to the Par wa_ h o ul b Ii i d Inl rst at

U •• , and Sl a h i r hw ys and i mport a n t St a te Aid road only.

16. Because o f h nonnous pot n ial s o p f i e n ifi ..: oll e ct · o ns a lon 7 t h e Kacc h z Tra f ully e ini i e sui t pe irr.cn s shall not be c o ll ec and main ained . ,! wev r, r e pr s n t a c ions o f l o ra , aun a, g o l gy, pal n t l ogy , a nd p r his or · iv man , a n d h is o r y shall b nai n tain ed purpos s. .-\11 a r h l ogi c a l m r i al lV sy n o p mate rial r r [ r

1 11 ex int e rpr r ct o Oc mu g ~ a ional . · num ·n t J' s kee pi ~ -i ~ vid nc . i

17 . C n c i ns tor r st · u r anL and no e l s ill n1 C i SU ·t •

1 . f h e Park·.1,ay will p rov ide a l i.m i d amoun t oi ho• - n g o s ubJec t t m · r g n v u y and h r a i n p l i y .

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