The Molecular Separations program, part of the National Science Foundation's Chemical Process Systems cluster, supports research focused on novel methods and materials for separation processes in industries such as chemical, biochemical, bioprocessing, materials, energy, and pharmaceuticals. The program is particularly interested in proposals that address long-standing challenges and emerging research areas, demonstrate a high degree of interdisciplinary work coupled with the generation of fundamental knowledge, and integrate education and research. Key research topics of interest include molecular-level design of scalable mass separating agents, fundamental understanding of interfacial thermodynamics and transport, and innovative separation mechanisms or engineering processes that target significant reductions in energy and/or materials requirements. The typical award size for the program is around $100,000 per year, with a duration of one to three years. Proposals requesting substantially higher amounts may be returned without review. The program also encourages Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) program proposals, which have a five-year award duration. Grants for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) and Early-concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) are also considered when appropriate, but must be discussed with the program director prior to submission.