Amendment 0001 Attachment - B660-23.pdf

Designation: B660 − 23

Standard Practices for

Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and Magnesium Products1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation B660; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 These practices describe methods of packaging/packing

aluminum and magnesium products, in preparation for storage or shipment, both foreign and domestic. Assuming proper and normal handling in transit, these practices are designed to deliver the products to their destination in good condition. For

DOD redistribution, see Supplementary Requirements.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded

as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.3 Aluminum and magnesium products must be preserved

and packed so as to be adequately protected from possible damage during shipment and storage. Major damage types are:

1.3.1 Mechanical, including bending, crushing, denting, scratching, or gouging during handling and storage; and abrasions resulting from vibration during transport of the material.

1.3.2 Corrosion, or water stain, resulting from exposure of

packed material to water, either externally applied, or as condensate caused by temperature variations in a humid atmosphere.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical

Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

D779 Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Resis-tance of Sheet Materials in Contact with Liquid Water by the Dry Indicator Method

D1732 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Sur-faces for Painting

D1974 Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, and Rein-forcing Fiberboard Boxes

D3950 Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Join-ing Methods)

D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging

D3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals

D4727/D4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fi-berboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes

D5168 Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall

Corrugated Fiberboard Containers

D5486/D5486M Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Tape for Packaging, Box Closure, and Sealing

F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and

Staples

2.2 ANSI Standard:3

ANSI/AHA A135.4 Basic Hardboard

2.3 Federal Specifications:4

A-A-1249 Paper, Wrapping, Tissue (inactive for new design and is no longer used, except for replacement purposes)

A-A-1671 Tape, Gummed (Paper, Reinforced, Asphalt

Laminated)

A-A-55057 Panels, Wood/Wood-Based; Construction and

Decorative

PPP-B-566 Box, Folding, Paperboard

PPP-C-96 Can, Metal, 28 Gage and Lighter

PPP-D-705 Drum, Shipping and Storage: Steel 16 and 30

Gallon Capacity

1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light

Metals and Alloys and are the direct responsibilities of Subcommittee B07.03 on

Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products.

Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as B660 – 21. DOI:

10.1520/B0660-23.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

4 Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

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PPP-D-723 Drum, Fiber (inactive for new design)

PPP-D-729 Drum, Shipping and Storage: Steel, 55 Gallon

PPP-P-704 Pails, Metal: (Shipping, Steel, 1 through 12, Gallons)

PPP-T-495 Tubes, Mailing, and Filing (inactive for new design and is no longer used, except for replacement purposes)

2.4 Federal Standards:4

APA-PS1 U.S. Product Standard (For Construction and In-dustrial Plywood)

MIL-STD-3010 Test Procedures for Packaging Materials

2.5 Military Specifications:4

MIL-C-11796 Corrosion Preventive Compound, Petrolatum, Hot Application (inactive for new design and is no longer used, except for replacement purposes)

MIL-DTL-17667 Paper, Wrapping, Chemically Neutral

(Non-Corrosive)

MIL-PRF-121 Barrier Materials, Greaseproof, Waterproof, Flexible, Heat-Sealable

MIL-PRF-16173 Corrosion Preventive Compound, Solvent

Cutback, Cold Application

MIL-PRF-32033 Lubricating Oil, General Purpose, Preser-vative (Water Displacing, Low Temperature)

MIL-PRF-7870 Lubricating Oil: General Purpose, Low

Temperature

2.6 Military Standard:4

MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage

2.7 Aluminum Association Standards:5

Aluminum Standards and Data-Protective Oil for Alumi-num

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions:

3.1.1 corner protector, n—protective material placed under ties to protect edges of a package.

3.1.2 deckboard, n—piece of lumber at right angles to stringers or skids of a pallet to form a bearing surface.

3.1.3 filler, n—piece of material placed in a package to fill void space for the purpose of squaring out the contents.

3.1.4 framing member, n—parts forming the main structure of a crate.

3.1.5 gross weight, n—bare item weight and the weight of all packaging and packing materials.

3.1.6 header, n—member of skid-type base used to join the ends of two or more skids and provide added strength to the base.

3.1.7 interleaving, n—placement of a sheet of protective material between two adjacent pieces of metal.

3.1.8 net weight, n—bare item weight.

3.1.9 nominal, adj—referring to lumber size, rough sawn commercial size of soft wood lumber common to the industry.

3.1.10 splice, v—to unite or join the ends of material such as lumber, plywood, or paper overlaid veneer.

3.1.11 tension tied, v—securement applied with mechanical tools.

4. Classification

4.1 Levels of Protection—The following levels of protection

apply equally to preservation and packing:

4.1.1 Level A—The degree required for protection against

the most severe conditions known or anticipated to be encoun-tered during shipment, multiple rough handling, and in transit storage.

4.1.2 Commercial Packaging—The degree required for pro-

tection of material during shipment from supplier to user for immediate use or limited storage in a dry, heated storage facility. The methods and materials employed by the supplier to satisfy the requirements of the commercial distribution system to provide protection against corrosion, deterioration, and damage during shipment to a user may be used.

5. General Requirements

5.1 Materials, Methods, and Containers—Materials, methods, and containers shall conform to the requirements of this standard. Those exceeding the requirements may be substituted as negotiated by purchaser and producer or sup-plier.

5.1.1 Materials not covered by applicable specifications or

not specifically described herein shall be of high quality and shall be compatible with and protect the contents.

5.1.2 Splicing Requirement—When container members

must be spliced to obtain the required length or width, the adjacent edges of the two pieces being spliced shall be butt-jointed as specified in 5.1.2.1 and each piece fastened to the splice board. The fastening shall conform to the require-ments specified for construction of the panels being spliced.

Nails must be clinched.

5.1.2.1 Splice boards shall be applied to extend on each side of the joint at least two times the width of and the same thickness as the box boards.

5.1.3 The inside dimensions of boxes shall be commensu-

rate with the size of the item.

5.2 Internal Packaging Materials:

5.2.1 Material Compatibility—Internal packaging materials

shall not adversely affect the contents.

5.2.2 Blocking and Bracing—Articles not completely filling

the shipping container shall be blocked, braced, fastened, or otherwise secured. Articles having projecting parts that may be broken or may puncture the container shall be rigidly supported, suspended, or otherwise protected. Clearance of at least 1 in. (25.4 mm) shall be provided between projecting parts and the adjacent inside face of the container. Blocking and bracing shall be prevented from coming in direct contact with any unprotected surface of the item by use of suitable cushioning material.

5.3 Handling:

5.3.1 General—Containers and pallets in their shipping

configuration shall be provided with lifting and hoisting provisions commensurate with their weight, size, and intended mode of transportation to ensure safe and efficient movement.

5 Available from Aluminum Association, 1400 Crystal Dr., Suite 430, Arlington, VA 22202, http://www.aluminum.org.

B660 − 23

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5.3.2 Hoisting—Convenient means shall be provided on all

shipping containers (except Figs. S1.1-S1.4) and pallets weigh-ing more than 200 lb (90.72 kg) gross which will permit hoisting by attaching suitable slings at the bottom of the containers and pallets.

5.3.3 Forklift Truck Compatibility—Unless otherwise speci-

fied herein and except Figs. S1.1-S1.4, boxes, containers, and pallets grossing over 200 lb (90.72 kg) must be capable of being handled from at least two sides by forklift trucks. For

DOD use, standard 40 by 48 in. (1016 by 1219.2 mm) pallets must have four-way forklift entry. Openings shall be a mini-mum of 3 in. (76.2 mm) high and at least 20 in. (508 mm) apart inside-to-inside, symmetrically about the center of balance.

Containers may have a single opening 40 in. (1016 mm) wide or more to provide forklift access.

6. Detailed Requirements

6.1 Packaging Preservation—Packaging shall be Level A, or commercial preservation as follows:

6.1.1 Level A—Detailed requirements for packaging (pres-

ervation) of aluminum and magnesium products are listed alphabetically by product in Table 1. When Level A is specified, items shall be preserved in accordance with the detailed requirements outlined herein.

TABLE 1 Packaging (Preservation) and Packing for Level A (Note—For Commercial Packaging, See Section 8)

Product Preservation (6.1.1) Packing (Section 7) for

Barrier, see Table 4

MaximumA

Net Weight Per Con-tainer, lb (kg) (7.16)

Bar, rod and wire (cold-finished, drawn, extruded, rolled, and forged):

Coiled, bare AL-oiled, Mg-Chrome pickled

(6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3)

Wrapped coils (Fig. 19). Wrap with one layer of

Type IIB barrier.

120 (54.43)

Coiled, covered none required Wrapped coils (Fig. 19). Wrap with one layer of

Type IIB barrier.

120 (54.43)

Spooled for military requirements: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, lb (2.27 kg, 4.54 kg, 6.80 kg,

9.07 kg, 13.61 kg) per spool (other:

standard commercial weights) none required Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4). Boxes shall be case-lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

300 (136.08)

Straight lengths AL-oiled, Mg-Chrome pickled

(6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3)

Wooden boxes (Figs. 5-7). Boxes shall be case-lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

or

1000B (453.59)

Corrugated fiberboard boxes, Class weather-resistant (S5.1) or

300 (136.08)

Fiber-drums (7.14) 200 (90.72)

Blooms and billets See ingot ...

Bus conductors (cold-finished, drawn, extruded and rolled)

See bar, straight lengths ...

Cable (bare and covered):

Size 1/0 and smaller none required Wrapped coils (Fig. 19). Wrap with one layer of

Type IIB barrier.

or

(bare) 250

(113.40)

(covered) 200

(90.72)

Reel (Fig. 23). (bare) 1250

(566.99)

(covered) 1000

(453.59)

Size larger than 1/0 none required Reel (Fig. 23). (bare) 1600

(725.75)

(covered) 1300

(589.67)

Casting and forgings, finished. none required Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4) or Style 1 Crate Fig. 16).

Boxes and crates shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type

III barrier.

2000 (907.18)

Castings and forgings, rough none required Bare bundles (Fig. 20). 1000 (453.59)

Conduit See ANSI schedule pipe

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

TABLE 1 Continued

Product Preservation (6.1.1) Packing (Section 7) for

Barrier, see Table 4

MaximumA

Net Weight Per Con-tainer, lb (kg) (7.16)

Extruded profiles (metal less than 1 lb per linear foot)C AL-oiled, Mg-Chrome-pickled

(6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3)

Wooden boxes (Fig. 5-7). Boxes shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier or

2000 (907.18)

Corrugated fiberboard boxes, Class weather-resistant (S5.1)

300 (136.08)

Fittings (pipe and conduit) AL-oiled, Mg-Chrome-pickled

(6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3)

Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4) or Style 1 crate (Fig. 16) dependent upon size of fittings.

Boxes and crates shall be case lined with one layer Type IIA barrier.

100 (45.36)

External threads shall be covered with suitable thread protectors.

Foil:D,E,H

Coiled Foil shall be wound on aluminum fiber or steel cores. End of coil shall be secured with pressure sensitive tape. Sheared edges shall be protected from flanges and adjacent coils with suitable edge protectors. Each coil, or coils (see 7.10) shall be wrapped with aluminum 0.001

in. (0.0254 mm) thick aluminum foil.

Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4). Coils shall be suspended by extended cores or wood dowels through the core. Core extension or dowel shall be inserted in wood flanges so that periphery of coil does not contact inner surface of box (Fig. 24). Minimum flange thickness shall be as specified in 7.10.

500 (226.80) or or

Foil wrap shall be a conformable wrap completely enclosing the coil or coils and edge protectors on each core or dowel (Fig. 24).

Corrugated fiberboard boxes, Class weather-resistant (S5.1) suspended as above.

300 (136.08)

Flat none required Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4). Contents shall be wrapped with one separate layer of Type IIA barrier.

or

500 (226.80)

Corrugated fiberboard boxes, Class weather-resistant (S5.1)

300 (136.08)

Forgings See castings ...

Forging stock See bar ...

Impact extrusions none required Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4). Boxes shall be lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier.

or

700 (317.51)

Corrugated fiberboard boxes, Class weather-resistant (S5.1)

300 (136.08)

Ingots:

500 lb (226.80 kg) per piece and over none required Loose ...

30–500 lb (13.61-226.80 kg) per piece none required Bare bundles (Fig. 22). Size of bundle straps shall be as shown in Table 7. A minimum of two straps shall be used per bundle.

3500 (1587.57)

Less than 30 lb (13.61 kg) per piece none required Pallets (Fig. 21). Size pallet straps shall be as shown in Table 7.

or

2500 (1133.98)

Self-palletized bundle. Interlocking ingots that are self-palletized may be shipped in strapped bundles not over 42 in. (1066.8 mm) high.

Bundle shall be strapped with a minimum of one 3⁄4-in. (19.05 mm) steel strap.

1500 (680.39)

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

Packing (Section 7) for

Barrier, see Table 4

MaximumA

Net Weight Per Con-tainer, lb (kg) (7.16)

Grained and granulated ingot and shot Product to be packed in wood boxes

(Figs. 1-4), shall be packaged in

Federal Specification PPP-B-566, boxes, folding, paperboard.

Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4) or

Federal Specification PPP-P-704 Steel Pails

(7.12). Pails shall not be overpacked.

or

500 (226.80)

70 (31.75)

Federal Specification PPP-D-705 and

PPP-D-729 Steel Drums (7.13). Drums shall not be overpacked.

or

650 (294.84)

Federal Specification PPP-D-723 Fiber Drums

(7.15). Drums shall not be overpacked.

550 (249.48)

Paste and powder Product to be packed in wooden boxes

(Figs. 1-4) shall be packaged in 1 (0.45), 2 (0.91), or 10 (4.54) lb (kg) friction top can in ac-cordance with Federal Specification PPP-C-96, Type V, Class 2.

Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4).

or

Federal Specification PPP-D-705 or

PPP-D-729 Steel Drums (7.13). Drums shall not be overpacked.

50 (22.68)

600 (272.16)

Plate:F

Flat and tapered Al see Table 2, Mg see Table 3. Pallets (Figs. 9-12) with pallet enclosures

(Fig. 13, Fig. 14, and Fig. 15). Contents shall be wrapped with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

4000 (1814.37)

Circles Al see Table 2, Mg see Table 3. Pallets (Figs. 9-12) with pallet enclosures

(Fig. 13, Fig. 14, and Fig. 15). Contents shall be wrapped with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

4000 (1814.37)

Floor and tread

Plate and abrasive

Tread plate none required Pallets (Figs. 9-12). Secure contents to pallet with minimum two lengthwise and two girthwise straps, size 11⁄4 by 0.031 in. (31.75 mm by 0.787 mm)

10 000

(4535.92)

Screw machine stock See bar ...

Sheet:G,H

Flat and tapered

90 lb (40.82 kg) per piece or less or 15 ft (4.572 m) in length or less

Al see Table 2, Mg see Table 3. Pallet enclosure (Fig. 15) 4000 (1814.37)

Contents of box shall be wrapped with two layers of Type IIA barrier or one layer of

Type IIA barrier and one layer of Type III barrier.

(Not to exceed

200 sheets)

Over 90 lb (40.82 kg) per piece or over 15 ft (4.572 m) in length

Al see Table 2, Mg see Table 3. Pallets (Figs. 9-12) with pallet enclosures

(Fig. 13 and Fig. 14). Contents shall be wrapped with two layers of Type IIA barrier.

4000 (1814.37)

Coiled Al-coiled, Mg-Chrome-pickled

(6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3)

Pallets (Figs. 9-12) with pallet enclosure

(Fig. 14). Contents shall be wrapped with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

4000 (1814.37)

Roofing and siding none required Pallets (Figs. 9-12) with pallet enclosures

(Fig. 13 and Fig. 14). Contents shall be wrapped with one layer of Type IIA barrier.

4000 (1814.37)

Structural profiles (extruded and rolled):G

B660 − 23

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Packing (Section 7) for

Barrier, see Table 4

MaximumA

Net Weight Per Con-tainer, lb (kg) (7.16)

Less than 150 lb (68.04 kg) per piece Al-none required. Mg-Chrome-pickled. Wooden boxes (Figs. 5-7). Boxes shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

or

1000 (453.59)

Corrugated fiberboard boxes, Class weather-resistant (S5.1)

300 (136.08)

150 lb (68.04 kg) per piece and over Al-none required. Mg-Chrome-pickled. Loose ...

Tubular products

(drawn, extruded, and welded):

Coiled Al-oiled, Mg-oiled (6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3).

Stagger wound coils shall be tied through the core in two places with twine or pressure sensitive tape.

Pancake or level layer would coils shall not be tied.

Style 1 crates (Fig. 16). Crates shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier.

700 (317.51)

Straight lengths Al-oiled, Mg-Chrome-pickled

(6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3 ).

When the wall thickness of tube is less than 21⁄2 % of the outside diameter, boxes shall be lined with suitable cushioning material.

Wooden boxes (Figs. 5-7). Boxes shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier, or

Corrugated fiberboard boxes Class weather-resistant (S5.1).

or

300 (136.08)

Fiber tubes (7.16). 200 (90.72)

ANSI schedule pipe Al-no preservative required. Mg-Chrome pickled (6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3). External threads shall be covered with suitable protectors.

Wooden boxes (Figs. 5-7). Boxes shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

or

800 (362.87)

Style 2 and 3 crates (Fig. 17 and 18). Crates shall be case lined with one layer of Type IIA barrier.

or

4000 (1814.37)

Fiber tubes (7.16). 200 (90.72)

Construction pipe Al-no preservative required. Mg-Chrome pickled (6.1.1.1-6.1.1.3).

Same as for ANSI scheduled pipe above. See Packing

Welding and brazing rod

Coiled none required Wrapped coils (Fig. 19). Wrap with one layer of

Type IIA barrier or two layers of Type III barrier.

120 (54.43)

Straight lengths, 36 in. (914.4 mm) Package 5 lb (2.27 kg) per fiber tube with metal ends or 10 lb (4.54 kg) per fiberboard carton.

10 fiber tubes or 8 cartons shall be overpacked in a weather-resistant fiberboard carton in accordance with

Practice D1974. All corners and seams of boxes, including manufacturer’s joint, shall be sealed with Specification

D5486/D5486M, Type III or IV, Class 1, minimum 2 in. (50.8 mm) wide tape.

Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4). Fiberboard boxes shall be overpacked in wooden boxes.

1000 (453.59)

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Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

Packing (Section 7) for

Barrier, see Table 4

MaximumA

Net Weight Per Con-tainer, lb (kg) (7.16)

Inert gas welding electrode 1, 5, 10, 121⁄2, 15, or 30 lb (0.45 kg,

2.27 kg, 4.54 kg, 5.67 kg, 6.80 kg, or

13.61 kg) spools.

Individual spools shall be adequately protected by application of moisture-resistant barrier and packaged single or in multiple in fiberboard boxes

Practice D1974, Type CF, Class weather-resistant.

Fiberboard boxes in accordance with Practice

D1974, Type CF, Class weather-resistant, Grade

V3c. All corners and seams of boxes, including manufacturer’s joint, shall be sealed with Specifi-cation D5486/D5486M, Type III or IV, Class 1, minimum 2 in. (50.8 mm) wide tape. Three 5⁄8 by

0.015 in. (15.88 by 0.381 mm) flat steel straps, one lengthwise and two girthwise, shall be applied to each box.

Maximum gross weight and dimensions of the box specification shall not be exceeded.

or

See Packing

Wooden boxes (Figs. 1-4). Intermediate fiberboard boxes overpacked in wooden boxes, shall be closed in accordance with the closure method prescribed above for the fiberboard shipping in wooden containers.

1000 (453.59)

A Maximum weights specified in this table are for shipments to DOD only.

B Weight may be increased to 2000 lb (907.18 kg) for large quantities for manufacturing when specified in the contract or order.

C For metal weighing 1 lb (0.45 kg)/linear foot or more, see structural profiles.

D Foil is sheet metal less than 0.0079 in. (0.200 mm) thick.

E Foil for food handling applications shall be preserved and packed as specified in the contract or order.

F Classification of sheet and plate: Sheet is 0.006 through 0.249 in. (0.152 through 6.32 mm) thick; plate is 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) and thicker.

G For metal weighing less than 1 lb (0.45 kg)/linear foot, see extruded profiles.

H There is an overlap in the thickness range 0.006 to 0.0079 in. defined for foil and sheet. Sheet products in this thickness range are supplied to sheet product specifications and foil products in this thickness range are supplied to foil product specifications.

6.1.1.1 Cleanliness—Surfaces shall be commercially clean, and free from loose mill scale, dirt, foreign matter, or corro-sion. The presence of residual rolling oil shall not be consid-ered foreign matter.

6.1.1.2 Preservatives—Oil used for preservation of alumi-

num products shall conform to the requirements of Aluminum

Standards and Data-Protective Oil for Aluminum, MIL-PRF-

32033 or MIL-PRF-7870. Oil used for preservation of magne-sium products shall conform to the requirements of MIL-PRF-

16173, Grade 2, or MIL-C-11796, Class 3. Chrome pickle treatment of magnesium products shall conform to the require-ments of Practices D1732.

6.1.1.3 Application of Preservative Coating—The applica-

tion of corrosion-preventive material demands careful atten-tion; compounds shall not be applied to surfaces that show signs of moisture, condensation, frost, dirt, or other contami-nants. The maximum corrosion resistance is obtained only by a thorough coating of a contaminant-free surface. It is essential that articles treated are not unduly handled until film is set.

Application may be by dipping, brushing, rolling, spraying, or flowing onto the surface.

6.1.1.4 Interleaving—The interleaving paper shall fully

cover the metal; for manual application, paper shall extend

1 in. (25.4 mm) beyond sides and ends, for machine application, paper may be same size as the metal provided the metal is fully covered.

6.1.1.5 Wraps—Application of wraps shall be in accordance

with Table 1. Products may be machine-wrapped or hand-wrapped.

6.1.2 Commercial Preservation—When commercial preser-

vation is specified, items will be given the degree of protection normally employed by the supplier against corrosion, deterioration, and damage during shipment.

6.2 Material Requirements:

6.2.1 Fiberboard—Fiberboard for boxes and liners shall

conform to the requirements of Specification D4727/D4727M, class weather-resistant or as agreed upon between producer and purchaser.

6.2.2 Paper and Barrier Material—Paper and barrier mate-

rial shall conform to the requirements of Table 4.

6.2.3 Wood—The species of wood indicated in Table 5 and

classified into groups as shown shall be used. The groups are set up to include, in any one group, species of woods that have approximately similar characteristics important to box design.

These characteristics include density, flexural and compressive strength, stiffness, shock absorption, and nailholding power.

When any species of wood is specified, any one or more species in the same group may be used. Groups I and II may be interchanged. Groups III and IV may be interchanged.

6.2.4 Lumber—All lumber dimensions used in these prac-

tices are nominal sizes except where minimum sizes are specified. At least one surface, which is to be placed on the outside of boxes, crates, or pallet closures, shall be sufficiently smooth to permit legible marking, stenciling, or printing.

Pieces shall be cut true to length. The boards shall be free of defects that materially weaken them, expose the contents of the box to damage, or interfere with the prescribed fabrication or nailing.

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

6.2.5 Plywood—Unless otherwise specified, plywood used

to fabricate cleated panels shall conform to Federal Specifica-tion Product Standard APA-PS1 and Federal Specification

A-A-55057, standard interior (Grade C-D) with exterior glue.

6.2.6 Hardboard—Unless otherwise specified, hardboard

shall be in accordance with ANSI/AHA A135.4. When appropriate, hardboard or other composite boards may be used in lieu of plywood for panel stock provided that they are weather resistant and are so sized that they will perform to the same level as plywood.

6.2.7 Nails and Staples—Nails and staples shall conform to

Specification F1667 or equivalent. All unclinched nails shall be cement-coated or chemically etched, except for Style 18

(spiral-shanked) and ring-shanked nails which are also accept-able.

6.2.8 Strapping—Flat steel strapping shall conform to

Specification D3953, Type 1, Finish A. Equivalent nonmetallic strapping conforming to Specification D3950 may be used when comparable strength requirements are satisfied.

6.2.9 Tapes—Tapes shall conform to the requirements of

Federal Specifications A-A-1671 or Specification D5486/

D5486M as applicable.

6.3 Packing—Packing shall be Level A or commercial

packing in accordance with Sections 7 and 8.

NOTE 1—Only one type, class, or size of material shall be packed in a single container.

7. Level A Packing

7.1 General—When Level A is specified in the contract or

order, items shall be packed in accordance with the require-ments in Table 1. When Table 1 provides a choice of several containers for a particular product, any one of the containers may be selected for use, unless specifically prohibited by the contract or order. This section provides requirements appli-cable to packing procedures and construction details for containers and methods not covered by specification reference.

7.2 Boxes (Figs. 1-7)—When required by Table 1, boxes

shall be constructed as follows:

7.2.1 Top and Bottom Panels—Top and bottom panels shall

consist of a complete covering of lumber. Panels for boxes, Figs. 1-5, shall be without cleats. Panels for boxes, Fig. 6 and

Fig. 7, shall be with cleats. Thickness of panels shall be in accordance with Table 6.

7.2.2 Side and End Panels—Side and end panels shall

consist of a complete covering of lumber, unless otherwise specified. Thickness and panels shall be in accordance with

Table 6.

7.2.2.1 Panels for boxes, Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, 111⁄2 in.

(292.1 mm) or less in depth and not more than 16 ft (4.88 m) long shall be of one-piece construction and without cleats, except that end panels may be two-piece, cross-grain-laminated to obtain the required thickness. Side panels more than 16 ft (4.88 m) long may be of two-piece butt joint and splice construction (5.1.2) without cleats.

7.2.2.2 Panels for boxes, Figs. 2-4 and Figs. 6 and 7, more

than 111⁄2 in. (292.1 mm) in depth shall be with cleats, except for side panels for boxes, Figs. 2-4.

7.2.3 Cleats—When required by 7.3.2.1 and 7.3.2.2 cleats

shall be in accordance with Table 6. Cleats shall be nailed or stapled.

7.2.3.1 Positioning of Cleats—Cleats for end panels, Fig. 2

and Fig. 4, shall be placed across the grain of the panel board coverings and extend to within 1⁄8 in. (3.175 mm) of the inside surface of the top and bottom panels when the containers are

TABLE 2 Preservation of Aluminum Sheet and Plate (See Table 1)

Product PreservationA,B

Abrasive tread plate None required

Flat and tapered sheet and plate, and all circles:

Clad, all alloys:

Circles less than 12 in. (304.88 mm) in diameter

None required

Flat, tapered and circles 12 in. (304.88 mm) in diameter and over

Interleaved

Nonclad:

Circles less than 12 in. (304.88 mm) in diameter

None required

Flat, tapered and circles 12 in. (304.88 mm) in diameter and over

None required

Heat-treatable alloys, all tempersB Oiled (6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3)C

Non-heat-treatable alloys:B Oiled (6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3)C

Annealed Interleaved (6.1.1.4)

Other than annealed:

0.060 in. (1.524 mm) thick and over Interleaved (6.1.1.4)

Less than 0.060 in. (1.524 mm) thick Oiled (6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3)C

Painted, chemical conversion coated, and anod-ized sheet and plate

Interleaved (6.1.1.4)

Floor and tread plate None required

Coiled sheet Oiled (6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3)C

Perforated sheet Oiled (6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3)C

Roofing and siding sheet None required

A Interleaving paper shall be Type 1 paper (Table 4). For metal 0.090 in. (2.29 mm) thick and less interleaving paper shall be minimum 10-lb basis weight; for metal over 0.090 in. (2.29 mm) thick interleaving paper shall be minimum 15-lb basis weight.

B Heat-treatable alloys are the 2000, 6000, and 7000 groups. Non-heat- treatable alloys are the 1000, 3000, and 5000 groups.

C For other than DOD requirements, oil at mill option.

TABLE 3 Preservation of Magnesium Sheet and Plate (See Table 1)

Product PreservationA,B

Flat sheet and plate:

Less than 0.005 in. (0.127 mm) thick Oiled (6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3) or

Oiled and interleaved

(6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.4) or

Chrome-pickled and interleaved

0.005 in. (0.127 mm) and thicker None or Oiled

(6.1.1.1 – 6.1.1.3

A Interleaving paper shall be as specified for aluminum sheet and plate (Table 2

Footnote A).

B Preservation desired must be as specified in the contract or order.

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

closed. Cleats for end panels, Fig. 3, shall be placed across the grain of the panel board coverings and extend to within 1⁄8 in.

(3.175 mm) of the outside surface of the top and bottom panels when the containers are closed. Cleats for Figs. 6 and 7 containers shall be set-in not more than 6 in. (152.4 mm) from the container ends and spaced a maximum of 65 in. (1651 mm) apart.

7.2.4 Box Skids—Boxes with a gross weight of 200 lb

(90.72 kg) or over shall be provided with a minimum of two nominal 4 by 4-in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm) skids. As an alternative, skids may be fabricated from two pieces of laminated 2 by 4-in. (50.8 by 101.6 mm) (nominal) lumber.

Skids shall replace exterior cleats on box bottom when cleats are required. Skids shall be placed parallel to and extend the full width of the box and shall be positioned not closer than

21⁄2 in. (63.5 mm) nor more than one sixth the length of the box from each end of the box. The distance between skids measured between the inside edges shall not exceed 65 in.

(1651 mm). Additional skids, as required, shall be positioned so as to divide the distance between the end skids into units of equal length. The skids shall be notched, as applicable, to provide clearance for strapping. The skids shall be secured to the box by nails specified in 6.2.7. The nails shall be driven from the inside through the bottom into the skids (in two staggered rows) and shall penetrate a minimum of 3⁄4 in.

(19.05 mm) the thickness of the skids. Nails conforming to

Type II, screw-shanked of Specification F1667 or equivalent ring-shanked, shall be of adequate length to penetrate a minimum of 3⁄4 (19.05 mm) the thickness of the skids and shall

TABLE 4 Minimum Requirements for Paper and Barrier Materials (See Table 1)A

Type

Tensile

Strength in

Weaker

Direction

FTMS

Stretch in

Creped

Direction

FTMS 2038

Contact

Corrosivity

FTMS 3005

Oil Resistance

FTMS 3017

Water Re-sistance

Test

Method

D779

Military/Federal

Specification

I. Interleaving:B

A. 10 lb (4.54 kg), un-creped

B. 30 lb (13.61 kg), uncreped

11⁄2

No corrosion No delamination, embrittlement, or disintegration

A-A-1249, Tp II

MIL-DTL-17667, Tp 1C

II. Exterior and interior

A. UncrepedD

B. CrepedEF

No corrosion No penetration for 24 hr min and no delamination, embrittle-ment, or disintegration

III. Exterior and interior wrap, non-reinforced

A. Uncreped

B. Creped

No corrosion No penetration for 24 h min and no delamination, embrittle-ment, or disintegration

MIL-PRF-121:

Tp I, Gd A, Cl 1

Tp I, Gd A, Cl 2

A The minimum requirements listed in Table 4 are based on the results of tests performed in accordance with the test methods outlined in MIL-STD-3010, and Test Method

D779.

B Interleaving paper shall be nonabrasive to aluminum surfaces, and have a hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of between 4.5 and 7.5.

C Except that spring back and identification requirements shall not apply, that the pH value shall be that shown in Footnote B, and that corrosive properties shall be tested for aluminum and magnesium only.

D Shall have random dispersed reinforced, or a reinforcement spacing not less than 12 threads per foot (39 threads per meter) in both directions.

E Shall have random dispersed reinforcement, or a reinforcement spacing not less than 12 threads per foot (39 threads per meter) in the longitudinal direction.

F Tensile strength shall apply only in the reinforced direction.

TABLE 5 Species of Wood

Group I Group II Group III Group IV

Alder, red Douglas fir Ash (except white Ash (white)

Aspen (popple) Hemlock ash) Beech

Basswood Larch (tamarack) Elm, soft Birch

Buckeye Pine, Southern Gum, red or black Cherry

Butternut yellow Maple, soft or Elm, hard

Cedar Western larch California Hackberry

Chestnut Oak, California Hickory

Cottonwood Sweetgum Locust

Cypress Sycamore Maple, hard

Fir (Abies sp) Tupelo Oak

Magnolia Pecan

Pine (except

Southern yellow)

Redwood

Spruce

Willow

Yellow poplar

FIG. 1 Style 1 Nail Wood BoxA

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

not protrude through the skids. The bottom half of skid ends may be beveled at an angle of 45°.

7.2.5 Strapping—Size of strapping shall not be less than that shown in Table 7.

7.2.5.1 Strap Spacing—Straps shall be placed over all girth-

wise cleats. On boxes without girthwise cleats, Figs. 1-5, girthwise straps shall be set in from each end a distance equal to one sixth the length of the box or 6 in. (152.4 mm), whichever distance is smaller, and spaced at intervals not exceeding 65 in. (1651 mm) (Fig. 5).

7.3 Pallet Construction (see Figs. 8-12):

7.3.1 Skid Ends (Runner), Fig. 8—Skid ends may be cut

with a dado or beveled to facilitate sliding skid over an uneven surface. When straps are placed over skids, skids shall be notched out to retain strapping.

7.3.2 Lengthwise Skids (Runners), Fig. 9—For pallets 52 in.

(1320.8 mm) wide or less, two skids shall be used and for pallets over 52 in. (1320.8 mm) wide, three skids shall be used.

When three skids are required, one skid shall be placed in the center of the pallet. Skids shall be fabricated from nominal 4 by

4-in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm) Group III or IV wood.

7.3.2.1 Rubbing Strips—Rubbing strips shall be added to

pallets 60 in. (1524 mm) or more in length. Rubbing strips shall be a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm) high by 3 in. (76.2 mm) wide, fabricated from laminated 2 by 4 in. (50.8 by 101.6 mm) nominal lumber and shall be attached to the skids in such a manner as to provide four way forklift entry. The bottom half of the rubbing strip shall be beveled at a 45° angle.

7.3.2.2 Headers—Headers are optional except for DOD

shipments. When required, headers shall be fabricated from nominal 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm) lumber and shall be bolted to skid ends with 1⁄2 by 8 in. (12.7 by 203.2 mm) carriage bolts. Skids shall be of sufficient length for metal contents to be placed between the headers.

7.3.3 Crosswise Skids (Runners)—Fig. 10 illustrates the

general arrangement for use on skids perpendicular to the deck boards. The skid dimensions shall be a minimum 3 in.

(76.2 mm) high by 3 in. (76.2 mm) wide. Metal less than 5 ft

(1.52 m) long may be packed on pallets using crosswise skids.

7.3.4 Double-Faced Pallets, (Figs. 11 and 12)—Skids shall

be 3 by 4-in. (76.2 by 101.6 mm) or 2 by 6-in. (50.8 by

152.4 mm) lumber or may be constructed of laminated 1 by

6-in. (25.4 by 152.4 mm) or spliced 2 by 6-in. (50.8 by

152.4 mm) lumber. Joints in spliced 2 by 6-in. (50.8 by 152.4

mm) skids shall be reinforced with 2 by 6-in. (50.8 by 152.4

mm) splice boards, long enough to contact the three stringers as shown in Fig. 12. Stringers shall be minimum 3 by 3 in.

(76.2 by 76.2 mm) (and may be fabricated from single piece lumber or laminated lumber of nominal 2 by 4 in. (50.8 by

101.6 mm) and larger. The end stringers shall be placed not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm) from the ends of the skids and deckboards. Additional stringers shall be spaced approximately

42 in. (1066.8 mm) apart on center. Intervals between the last two stringers may vary but shall not exceed 48 in. (1219.2 mm). For plate 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) thick and over, spacing of stringers may be increased but shall be such as to prevent

FIG. 2 Style 2 Nail Wood BoxA

FIG. 3 Style 4 Nail Wood BoxA

FIG. 4 Style 5 Nail Wood BoxA

A These boxes are for: (1) Grained and granulated ingot and shot;

(2) Paste and powder,

(3) Fittings—(pipe and conduit);

(4) Spooled bar, rod, wire;

(5) Castings and forgings, finished;

(6) Foil, coiled and flat;

(7) Impact extrusions;

(8) Welding and brazing rod, straight; and

(9) Inert gas welding electrodes.

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

sagging of metal between stringers. The stringers shall be placed so as not to interfere with center side forklift handling.

7.3.5 Deckboards—Deckboards shall be a minimum of 1 by

6-in. (25.4 by 152.4 mm) (nominal) lumber spaced a maximum of 8 in. (203.2 mm) apart. For plate 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) thick and over, spacing of deckboards shall be such as to prevent sagging of metal between deckboards.

7.3.6 Nailing—Nails shall be driven so that the head will not project above the surface of the deckboard. Occasional over-driving of nails will be permitted but no nail shall be overdriven more than 1⁄2 the thickness of the deckboard. Nails used in construction of pallets shall be Type II, Style 18

(screw-shanked) or equivalent ring-shanked of Specification

F1667 (pallet nails).

7.4 Pallet Enclosure Construction (see Figs. 13 and 14):

7.4.1 Sides and Ends—One-piece sides shall not be less than

1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) thick and one-piece ends shall not be less than 3⁄4 in. (19.05 mm) thick. When sides and ends exceed 111⁄2 in.

(292.1 mm) in height (Fig. 14), they shall be constructed like style 4 box (Fig. 3) and shall be not less than 3⁄4 in. (19.05 mm) thick.

7.4.1.1 Side and End Battens (Cleats)—When sides and

ends are of Fig. 14 construction, minimum 1 by 4-in. (25.4 by

101.6 mm) battens and cleats shall be used. Side battens shall be placed under girthwise straps. End cleats shall be nailed.

7.4.2 Tops—Tops shall be of minimum 1⁄2-in. (12.7 mm)

thick lumber, 1⁄2-in. (12.7 mm) thick plywood, 1⁄4-in. (6.35 mm) thick hardboard or equivalent materials.

7.4.2.1 Top Battens—Top battens shall be minimum 1 by

4-in. (25.4 by 101.6 mm) lumber. For lumber tops, battens shall be placed under each girthwise strap. For plywood and hardboard tops, battens shall be used only when the top consists of more than one piece of plywood or hardboard and shall be placed over each joint and underneath each girthwise strap.

7.4.3 Nailing Sides, Ends and Tops—When pallet enclosures

are of Fig. 14 construction, sides, ends, and tops shall be nailed using good commercial practice. Sides, ends, tops, and bottoms shall not be nailed on pallet enclosures 111⁄2 in. (292.1 mm) or less in height, or for pallets of flat plate, roofing, and siding sheets unless specified in the contract or order.

FIG. 5 Style 1 Nail Wood BoxB

FIG. 6 Style 4 Nail Wood BoxB

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

7.4.4 Strapping—Flat steel strapping shall be minimum

3⁄4 by 0.023 in. (19.05 by 0.58 mm) for pallets containing 4000 lb (1814.37 kg) net weight or less and 11⁄4 by 0.031 in. (31.75 by 0.79 mm) for pallets containing over 4000 lb (1814.37 kg) net weight.

7.4.4.1 Strap Spacing—A minimum of two lengthwise

straps shall be used for widths less than 60 in. (1524 mm) and three lengthwise straps for widths 60 in. (1524 mm) and over.

Lengthwise straps may be located under skids or under deckboards along side skids. Girthwise straps shall be placed

FIG. 7 Style 2 Nail Wood BoxB

B For Bar, Rod, Shapes, Tubular Products and Wire

TABLE 6 Wooden BoxesA (Groups I and II Woods)B (Figs. 1-7)

Weight of

Contents lb (kg)

Length of

Box

in. (mm)

Style of

Box

Figure

Number

Sides, Top, and

Bottom

(Minimum

Thickness)

in. (mm)

Ends

(min thick)

in. (mm)

End Cleats

(Minimum

Thickness and

Width), in. (mm)

Additional

Cleats

(Minimum

Thickness and

Width) in.

(mm)

Less than 350

(158.76)

Less than 60 (1524) 1 1 1⁄2 (12.7) 11⁄2 (38.1)

Less than 350

(158.76)

60 (1524) and over 1 5 5⁄8 (15.88) 11⁄2 (38.1)

Less than 350

(158.76)

Less than 60 (1524) 2, 4, or 5 2, 3, and 4 1⁄2 (12.7) 3⁄4

(19.05)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

Less than 350

(158.76)

60 (1524) and over 2 or 4 6 and 7 5⁄8 (15.88) 3⁄4

(19.05)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

350 (158.76) to 700

(317.51)

Less than 60 (1524) 1 1 1⁄2 (12.7) 11⁄2 (38.1)

350 (158.76) to 700

(317.51)

60 (1524) and over 1 5 5⁄8 (15.88) 11⁄2 (38.1)

350 (158.76) to 700

(317.51)

Less than 60 (1524) 2, 4, or 5 2, 3, and 4 5⁄8 (15.88) 3⁄4

(19.05)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

350 (158.76) to 700

(317.51)

60 (1524) and over 2 or 4 6 and 7 5⁄8 (15.88) 3⁄4

(19.05)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

700 (317.51) to 2000

(907.18)

Less than 60 (1524) 1 1 5⁄8 (15.88) 11⁄2 (38.1)

700 (317.51) to 2000

(907.18)

60 (1524) and over 1 5 11⁄16 (17.46) 11⁄2 (38.1)

700 (317.51) to 2000

(907.18)

Less than 60 (1524) 2, 4, or 5 2, 3, and 4 5⁄8 (15.88) 3⁄4

(19.05)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

700 (317.51) to 2000

(907.18)

60 (1524) and over 2 or 4 6 and 7 11⁄16 (17.46) 3⁄4

(19.05)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

3⁄4 (19.05) by

21⁄2 (63.5)

A Includes circles less than 36 in. (914.4 mm) in diameter. For circles 36 in. (914.4 mm) in diameter and over see Table S1.1.

B When Groups III and IV are used instead of Groups I and II, lumber may be 1⁄16 in. (1.5876 mm) less in thickness than that specified for Groups I and II.

B660 − 23

Defense Logistics Agency pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.

not more than 9 in. (228.6 mm) from each end. Intermediate straps shall be applied at approximately 42-in. (1066.8 mm) intervals and at plywood and hardboard joints. Girthwise straps shall pass between the deckboards and stringers or skids (Figs.

13 and 14).

7.5 Pallet Enclosure Construction, 4000 lb (1814.37 kg)

Capacity for Aluminum Sheet (see Fig. 15)—End panels shall be minimum 12 in. (304.8 mm) length. Side panels shall be minimum 24 in. (609.6 mm) length. End and side panels fit snug against the load of aluminum sheets to prevent shifting.

End and side panels may be secured by toe nailing or angle brackets. Pallet construction shall be in accordance with 7.3 and Figs. 9-12, modified as shown in Fig. 15. Headers are not required. Pallet enclosure construction shall be in accordance with paragraphs under 7.4 except 7.4.3, nailing, does not apply.

Sides, ends, and top shall be nailed so the enclosure can be removed and replaced as a cover. Pallet enclosure shall fit over the end and side panels and shall not extend outside of pallet dimensions.

7.6 Crates (see Figs. 16-18):

7.6.1 Style 1 Crate (Fig. 16)—Open crate for net weights not

exceeding 700 lb (317.51 kg) and interior dimensions not exceeding 48 in. (1219.2 mm) long by 42 in. (1066.8 mm) wide by 48 in. (1219.2 mm) high.

7.6.1.1 Fabrication—Style 1 crates shall be constructed of 1

by 4-in. (25.4 by 101.6 mm) lumber framing members, struts, and diagonals arranged as shown in Fig. 16. Spacing between struts shall be such as to prevent loss of contents. Diagonals may be placed on the inside or outside.

7.6.1.2 Nailing—Cement coated or chemically etched 7d

nails shall be used. Bright nails may be used instead of coated or etched nails for Groups III and IV woods. Framing members and struts shall be fastened with a minimum of two nails at each end. Diagonals shall be fastened to other members with a minimum of three nails at each end.

7.6.1.3 Strapping—Flat steel strapping 5⁄8 by 0.020 in.

(15.88 by 0.508 mm) shall be used. Equivalent nonmetallic strapping may be used when comparable strength requirements are satisfied. Straps shall be applied perpendicular to the edges of the crate and tensioned to sink into the wood at the edges of the crate, provided corner protectors are not used.

(1) Strap Spacing—Two girthwise straps shall be applied, one over each vertical framing member.

7.6.1.4 Skids—Skids fabricated from nominal 4 by 4-in.

(101.6 by 101.6 mm) lumber or laminated 2 by 4-in. (50.8 by

101.6 mm) lumber shall be attached perpendicular to the long dimension of all crates with gross weight exceeding 200 lb.

(90.72 kg) As an alternative, Style 1 crates weighing over

200 lb (90.72 kg) gross may be strapped to a pallet.

7.6.2 Style 2 Crate (Fig. 17)—Open crate for net weights not

exceeding 4000 lb (1814.37 kg) and interior dimensions not exceeding 40 ft (12.19 m) long by 6 ft (1.83 m) wide by 4 ft

(1.22 m) high.

7.6.2.1 Fabrication—Style 2 crates shall be constructed

with skids, deckboards, battens, framing members, ends, and sling reinforcements, arranged as shown in Fig. 17.

7.6.2.2 Skids (Runners)—A minimum of two skids shall be

used for crates not exceeding 60 in. (1524 mm) in width, and a minimum of three skids shall be used for crates exceeding

60 in. (1524 mm) in width. Skids shall be fabricated from laminated 2 by 4-in. (50.8 by 101.6 mm) lumber or 4 by 4-in.

(101.6 by 101.6 mm) lumber.

7.6.2.3 Deckboards—Deckboards function as bottom bat-

tens for the contents of the crate. Deckboards shall be 2 by 6-in.

(50.8 by 152.4 mm) lumber, spaced not more than 12 in.

(304.8 mm) from ends of crate and no more than 60 in.

(1524 mm) apart on centers and shall be secured to skids at each intersection. Deckboards shall extend approximately 1 in.

(25.4 mm) beyond each side of contents.

7.6.2.4 Battens (Cleats)—Battens shall be of 2 by 6-in. (50.8 by 152.4 mm) lumber, grooved to retain straps placed around them. Battens shall be spaced identically with deckboards, side battens set on 1-in. (25.4 mm) extension of deckboards. Side battens shall be approximately 3⁄8 in. (9.53 mm) shorter than the height of the contents of the crate. Top battens shall extend approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) beyond each side of contents of crates.

7.6.2.5 Framing Members—Framing members shall be 1 by

6-in. (25.4 by 152.4 mm) lumber and arranged as shown in Fig.

17.

7.6.2.6 Sling Reinforcements—Sling reinforcements shall be

2 by 6-in. (50.8 by 152.4 mm) lumber positioned on each side at each end between the lower longitudinal framing members and contents so as to distribute sling pressure over a greater area. Sling reinforcements shall extend the full distance be-tween two sets of battens.

7.6.2.7 Ends—Ends shall be constructed of 1-in. (25.4 mm)

lumber with 1 by 4-in.