Attachment 10 - ufc Requirement Perimeter Fence and Gate.pdf

UFC 4-022-01

25 May 2005

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

SECURITY ENGINEERING:

ENTRY CONTROL FACILITIES /

ACCESS CONTROL POINTS

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release;

Distribution unlimited.

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

SECURITY ENGINEERING: ENTRY CONTROL FACILITIES / ACCESS CONTROL

POINTS

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Interim Technical Guidance (ITG) FY03-03, Entry Control Facilities, dated 20 Feb 2003

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E.

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.

Director, Installations Requirements and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) http://www.hnd.usace.army.mil/TECHINFO/UFC/052902_SignedUFCImplementationMemo.pdf https://65.204.17.188/projnet/cms/version2/index.cfm?WORKFLOW=CMS_CCRQAdd&Action=IDFORM&SecureTry=1 http://dod.wbdg.org/

Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) New Document Summary Sheet

Subject: UFC 4-022-01, Security Engineering: Entry Control Facilities/Access Control Points

Cancels: Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Interim Technical Guidance (ITG) FY03-03, Entry Control Facilities, 20 FEB 2003

Document Description and Need:

• Purpose: This UFC presents a unified approach to the design of Entry Control Facilities (ECFs). The term “Entry Control Facilities” encompasses the overall layout, organization, infrastructure, and facilities of an entry control point or access control point. ECF is synonymous with the term Access Control Point (ACP) used in some Service publications. This UFC identifies design features necessary to ensure that infrastructure constructed today will have the flexibility to support future technologies, a changing threat environment, and changes in operations.

• Application and Use: Commanders, security personnel, planners, designers, architects, and engineers should use this UFC when designing primary and secondary ECFs of an installation. A limited-use ECF, which is open only occasionally, may not require the same level of infrastructure. Technical information considered generally known to professional designers, architects, or engineers or readily available in existing technical references (Unified Facility Criteria, Military Handbooks, Technical Manuals, etc.) has not been included.

• Need: This UFC is one of a series of security engineering Unified Facilities Criteria that cover minimum standards, planning, preliminary design, and detailed design for security and antiterrorism. The manuals in this series are designed to be used sequentially by a diverse audience to facilitate development of projects throughout the design cycle. The manuals in this series include the following:

o DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings.

o Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual.

o Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual.

o Security Engineering Support Manuals.

UFC 4-022-01 falls into the category of an “engineering support manual”.

Impact:

• Creates a single source reference for the design of entry control facilities and access control points for DoD installations.

• Entry control facilities ensure the proper level of access control for all DOD personnel, visitors, and commercial traffic to an installation. The objective of an ECF is to secure the installation from unauthorized access and intercept contraband (weapons, explosives, drugs, classified material, etc.) while maximizing vehicular traffic flow. Design considerations, in order of priority, are:

Security, Safety, Capacity, and Image.

• Other services (Army/Air Force) Impacts:

o Department of Air Force: The Air Force Security Forces and the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence Design Group released the Entry Control Facilities Design Guide in February 2003 which served to some extent in the development of this UFC. Apply the requirements of any previous design guides and this UFC. Ensure the MORE STRINGENT criteria is incorporated in the project.

o Department of Army: Requirements concerning Access Control Point Policy and physical security for the Department of Army can be found in Army Regulation (AR) 190-13, Army Physical Security Program. In addition, a Facility Design Team (FDT) under the Department of the Army Facilities Standardization Program will develop and issue a standard design titled Access Control Points for U.S. Army Installations. These standard designs will meet the requirements of this criteria and AR 190- 13.

o Department of Navy – Marine Corp: MCO P5530.14 Marine Corps Physical Security Program provides guidance on the requirements for installation access control, perimeter barriers, vehicle barriers, and protective lighting.

• No adverse impacts on environmental, sustainability, or constructability policies or practices.

• This new document will provide a design of an entry control facility (ECF) so that persons and vehicles entering and leaving the facility do so in a safe and orderly manner to protect themselves, security personnel, and pedestrians from harm.

• This new document will provide a design of an entry control facility (ECF) that will maximize the flow of traffic without compromising safety, security, or causing undue delays that may affect installation operations or off-installation public highway users.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... I 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1-1

1-1 PURPOSE .....................................................................................................1-1 1-2 SCOPE AND USE OF GUIDANCE................................................................1-1

1-3 ENTRY CONTROL FACILITY MISSION AND PRIORITIES..........................1-1

1-3.1 Security...................................................................................................1-2 1-3.2 Safety......................................................................................................1-2 1-3.3 Capacity..................................................................................................1-2 1-3.4 Image......................................................................................................1-2

1-4 SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES ....................................................1-2

2 EXISTING REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDANCE...................................................2-1

2-1 DOD REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................2-1 2-1.1 DOD 5200.8-R Physical Security Program .............................................2-1 2-1.2 DOD 2000.12 DOD Antiterrorism Force Protection (ATFP) Program .....2-1 2-1.3 DOD 2000.16 DOD Antiterrorism Standards ..........................................2-1 2-1.4 UFC 4-010-01 DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings .....2-1

2-2 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................2-2 2-2.1 Department of Air Force..........................................................................2-2 2-2.2 Department of Army................................................................................2-2 2-2.3 Department of Navy................................................................................2-2

2-3 COMBATANT COMMANDER REQUIREMENTS..........................................2-2 2-4 INSTALLATION SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS ..............................................2-3

2-5 FORCE PROTECTION CONDITION (FPCON) LEVELS ..............................2-3

2-6 RANDOM ANTITERRORISM MEASURES (RAM) ........................................2-4 2-7 EXISTING DESIGN GUIDANCE....................................................................2-4

3 ECF CLASSIFICATIONS AND FUNCTION .........................................................3-6

3-1 ECF USE CLASSIFICATIONS.......................................................................3-6 3-2 ECF FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION..............................................................3-6

3-2.1 Multi-Function ECFs ...............................................................................3-7 3-3 ECF FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS....................................................................3-7

4 PLANNING AND SITE SELECTION CRITERIA ................................................4-10

4-1 PLANNING...................................................................................................4-10 4-2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA ......................................................................4-10

4-2.1 User Demand........................................................................................4-10 4-2.2 Existing Terrain and Available Space ...................................................4-10 4-2.3 Future Development Plans ...................................................................4-11 4-2.4 Compatible Land Use ...........................................................................4-11 4-2.5 Environmental Constraints....................................................................4-11 4-2.6 Location ................................................................................................4-11

5 ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF AN ECF ...............................................5-1

5-1 ECF ZONES ..................................................................................................5-1 i

5-1.1 Approach Zone .......................................................................................5-1 5-1.2 Access Control Zone...............................................................................5-2 5-1.3 Response Zone ......................................................................................5-3 5-1.4 Safety Zone ............................................................................................5-4

6 DESIGN GUIDELINES .........................................................................................6-1

6-1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................6-1 6-2 GENERAL LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS.........................................................6-1

6-2.1 Layout Guidelines for the Approach Zone...............................................6-1 6-2.2 Layout Guidelines for the Access Control Zone......................................6-2 6-2.3 Layout Guidelines for the Response Zone..............................................6-6

6-3 CONTAINMENT AND CONTROL OF VEHICLES .........................................6-9 6-3.1 Roadway Containment............................................................................6-9 6-3.2 Final Denial Barrier ...............................................................................6-10 6-3.3 Controls for Active Vehicle Barriers ......................................................6-11

6-4 VEHICLE INSPECTION CAPABILITY .........................................................6-12 6-4.1 Location of Inspection Area ..................................................................6-12 6-4.2 Geometric Design of Inspection Areas..................................................6-14 6-4.3 Location and Support for Inspection Equipment ...................................6-14

6-5 CAPABILITY TO REJECT UNAUTHORIZED VEHICLES ...........................6-15

6-6 GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROADWAYS.....................................................6-15

6-6.1 Channelization Islands..........................................................................6-15 6-6.2 Medians ................................................................................................6-16 6-6.3 Travel Lane Width.................................................................................6-16 6-6.4 Inspection Areas ...................................................................................6-17 6-6.5 Curbs and Gutters/Shoulders ...............................................................6-17 6-6.6 Transitions and Tapers .........................................................................6-18 6-6.7 Roadside Safety ...................................................................................6-18 6-6.8 Lateral Clearances................................................................................6-18 6-6.9 Vertical Clearances...............................................................................6-19 6-6.10 Corner Radii..........................................................................................6-19

6-7 TRAFFIC CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................................6-19 6-7.1 Capacity................................................................................................6-19 6-7.2 Adequate Lanes....................................................................................6-20

6-8 TRAFFIC CONTROL ...................................................................................6-21 6-8.1 Speed Limit...........................................................................................6-21 6-8.2 Signage.................................................................................................6-22 6-8.3 Markings ...............................................................................................6-23 6-8.4 Traffic Control Devices..........................................................................6-24

6-9 GUARD FACILITY DESIGN CRITERIA.......................................................6-24 6-9.1 General .................................................................................................6-24 6-9.2 Gatehouse ............................................................................................6-25 6-9.3 Sentry/Guard Booth ..............................................................................6-26 6-9.4 Overwatch Position ...............................................................................6-26 6-9.5 Overhead Canopy.................................................................................6-27 6-9.6 Common Requirements ........................................................................6-28

6-10 ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENTS...............................................6-30 6-10.1 Alternate Electrical Power Source ........................................................6-31 ii

6-10.2 Uninterruptible Power Supply ...............................................................6-31 6-10.3 Infrastructure.........................................................................................6-31 6-10.4 General .................................................................................................6-32

6-11 COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ...................6-33

6-12 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) ................................................6-34 6-13 WATER / WASTEWATER........................................................................6-34 6-14 EXTERIOR LIGHTING .............................................................................6-34

6-14.1 Approach and Response Zone Lighting................................................6-35 6-14.2 Access Control Zone Lighting ...............................................................6-35 6-14.3 Lighting Level and Quality.....................................................................6-35 6-14.4 Restrike or Restart Capability ...............................................................6-36 6-14.5 General Requirements..........................................................................6-37

6-15 PERIMETER FENCE AND GATE ............................................................6-37 6-16 PERSONNEL PROTECTION...................................................................6-37 6-17 VISITORS CENTER DESIGN CRITERIA.................................................6-38

6-17.1 Waiting Area .........................................................................................6-39 6-17.2 Parking..................................................................................................6-39 6-17.3 Service Counter ....................................................................................6-39 6-17.4 Administration Office.............................................................................6-40 6-17.5 Break Room..........................................................................................6-40 6-17.6 Restrooms ............................................................................................6-40 6-17.7 Environmental Control ..........................................................................6-40

6-18 PEDESTRIAN CONSIDERATIONS .........................................................6-40 6-19 PARKING .................................................................................................6-41 6-20 AESTHETICS...........................................................................................6-41 6-21 LANDSCAPING........................................................................................6-41 6-22 CONSTRUCTION PHASING ...................................................................6-41

7 LARGE COMMERCIAL VEHICLE AND TRUCK INSPECTION FACILITIES......7-1

7-1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................7-1 7-2 MISSION AND OPERATION .........................................................................7-1 7-3 INSPECTION EQUIPMENT...........................................................................7-1

7-3.1 Under Vehicle Lighting System...............................................................7-1 7-3.2 CCTV Under Vehicle Search Systems (UVSS) ......................................7-2 7-3.3 Cargo and Vehicle Inspection Systems ..................................................7-2

7-4 LAYOUT.......................................................................................................7-14 7-4.1 Geometric Design of Roadways ...........................................................7-19

7-5 FACILITIES..................................................................................................7-19 7-5.1 Inspection Office ...................................................................................7-19 7-5.2 Occupant Shelter ..................................................................................7-20 7-5.3 Cargo Handling Equipment and Storage ..............................................7-20

7-6 ADDITIONAL DESIGN GUIDELINES ..........................................................7-20 7-6.1 Electrical Power Requirements.............................................................7-20 7-6.2 Exterior Lighting....................................................................................7-20 7-6.3 Perimeter Fence and Gate....................................................................7-21

8 NOTIONAL LAYOUTS .........................................................................................8-1

8-1 GENERAL......................................................................................................8-1 iii

9 REFERENCES......................................................................................................9-1

TABLES

Table 2-1 FPCON Descriptions (ref. DoD O-2000.12-H).............................................2-3 Table 2-2 Existing Design Guidance Relating to ECF..................................................2-5 Table 3-1 ECF Use Classifications...............................................................................3-6 Table 6-1 Estimated Vehicle Throughput (SDDCTEA Data except as noted) ............6-21 Table 6-2 Thickness of Common Materials for Resistance Against UL 752 Level III .6-29 Table 6-3 Thickness of Common Materials for Resistance Against UL 752 Level V..6-29 Table 6-4 Minimum Exterior Illuminances ..................................................................6-36 Table 7-1 Sample Power Requirements for Fixed Inspection Systems......................7-10

FIGURES

Figure 3-1 Visitors/DoD Personnel ECF – Functional Relationships............................3-8 Figure 3-2 DoD/Authorized Personnel Only ECF – Functional Relationships ..............3-8 Figure 3-3 Commercial Gate: Functional Relationships ...............................................3-9 Figure 5-1 Entry Control Facility Zones ........................................................................5-1 Figure 6-1 Access Control Zone Operated by Security Personnel ...............................6-4 Figure 6-2 Access Control Zone Operated by Automated Equipment..........................6-4 Figure 6-3 Access Control Zone with Pull-Off Area for Each Inbound Lane.................6-5 Figure 6-4 Access Control Zone with Single Pull-Off Area for all Inbound Lanes.........6-5 Figure 6-5 Notional Layout using Pull-Off/Alternate Inspection ..................................6-14 Figure 6-6 Example Speed Hump Profile ...................................................................6-24 Figure 6-7 Typical Locations for Provision of Future Power/Control Connections......6-33 Figure 6-8 Visitors Center: Notional Layout................................................................6-39 Figure 7-1 MobileSearch Advanced X-Ray Portable Inspection System......................7-5 Figure 7-2 Mobile VACIS – Gamma Ray Imaging System...........................................7-5 Figure 7-3 Example Exclusion Zones for Mobile Inspection Systems ..........................7-6 Figure 7-4 VACIS II - Gamma Ray Imaging System ....................................................7-8 Figure 7-5 Portal VACIS - Gamma Ray Imaging System.............................................7-8 Figure 7-6 Shaped Energy ISO Search X-Ray Inspection System...............................7-9 Figure 7-7 VACIS II - Gamma Ray Imaging System Exclusion Zones .......................7-11 Figure 7-8 VACIS II - Gamma Ray Imaging System Exclusion Zones .......................7-12 Figure 7-9 Shaped Energy ISO Search X-Ray System Radiation Levels...................7-13 Figure 7-10 Large Vehicle Inspection Facility - Mobile Imaging Systems...................7-16 Figure 7-11 Large Vehicle Inspection Facility - Fixed Imaging System ......................7-17 Figure 7-12 Large Vehicle Inspection Facility - Portal Imaging System......................7-18 Figure 8-1 Visitors/DoD Personnel ECF.......................................................................8-1 Figure 8-2 DoD/Authorized Personnel Only ECF .........................................................8-1 Figure 8-3 Commercial/Large Vehicle ECF..................................................................8-2 Figure 8-4 Combined Commercial/Visitors/DoD Alternative Gate ................................8-2 Figure 8-5 Visitors/DoD Personnel Gate – Restricted Real Estate Option ...................8-3 Figure 8-6 DoD/Authorized Personnel ECF ................................................................8-3 Figure 8-7 Combined POV and Commercial Vehicle ECF - Restricted Real Estate ...8-4 Figure 8-8 Combined POV/Commercial Vehicle/Visitor’s Center .................................8-4 Figure 8-9 Combined POV/Commercial Vehicle/Visitor’s Center .................................8-5 iv

1 INTRODUCTION

1-1 PURPOSE

This UFC presents a unified approach to the design of Entry Control Facilities (ECFs).

The term “Entry Control Facilities” encompasses the overall layout, organization, infrastructure, and facilities of an entry control point or access control point. ECF is synonymous with the term Access Control Point (ACP) used in some Service publications. This UFC identifies design features necessary to ensure that infrastructure constructed today will have the flexibility to support future technologies, a changing threat environment and changes in operations.

The examples provided in this UFC are for illustration only and should be modified and adapted to satisfy installation specific constraints. This UFC is not intended to address procedural issues such as tactics and techniques, however a well-designed ECF can enhance and improve operations.

1-2 SCOPE AND USE OF GUIDANCE

Commanders, security personnel, planners, designers, architects and engineers should use this UFC when designing primary and secondary ECFs of an installation. A limited-use ECF, which is open only occasionally, may not require the same level of infrastructure. Technical information considered generally known to professional designers, architects, or engineers or readily available in existing technical references (Unified Facility Criteria, Military Handbooks, Technical Manuals, etc.) has not been included.

Note: Where one or more Service's criteria vary from the other Services' criteria, it is noted in the text with the (Service Exception) symbol. Within the symbol, the Service the exception is applicable for will be indicated by “A” for Department of Army, “AF” for Department of Air Force, “N” for Department of Navy, and “MC” for Department of Navy – Marine Corps.

SE

1-3 ENTRY CONTROL FACILITY MISSION AND PRIORITIES

Entry control facilities ensure the proper level of access control for all DOD personnel, visitors, and commercial traffic to an installation. The objective of an ECF is to secure the installation from unauthorized access and intercept contraband (weapons, explosives, drugs, classified material, etc.) while maximizing vehicular traffic flow.

Design considerations, in order of priority, are:

1. Security

2. Safety

3. Capacity

4. Image

1-1

1-3.1 Security

It is well established that installations should focus first on threats that can be mitigated at the first line of defense – the installation perimeter. ECF and the access control they provide are extremely important to defense-in-depth and effective risk mitigation.

The first priority of an ECF is to maintain perimeter security. The ECF:

• is a part of the installation perimeter and a legal line of demarcation;

• must accommodate Random Antiterrorism Measures (RAM), for sustained operations;

• must be able to operate at all FPCONs, including 100% vehicle inspections;

and

• must have security features that protect against vehicle-borne threats and illegal entry.

1-3.2 Safety

ECFs must have a working environment that is both safe and comfortable for Security Forces personnel. Security Forces safety includes provisions for personal protection against attack and errant drivers; consider climate, location, and orientation.

Design the ECF so that persons and vehicles entering and leaving the facility do so in a safe and orderly manner to protect themselves, security personnel, and pedestrians from harm.

1-3.3 Capacity

Design the ECF to maximize the flow of traffic without compromising safety, security, or causing undue delays that may affect installation operations or off-installation public highway users.

1-3.4 Image

Design the ECF to impart an immediate impression of professionalism and convey the DOD’s commitment to the protection and safety of DOD personnel and the security of its facilities and resources.

1-4 SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES

This UFC is one of a series of security engineering Unified Facilities Criteria that cover minimum standards, planning, preliminary design, and detailed design for security and antiterrorism. The manuals in this series are designed to be used sequentially by a diverse audience to facilitate development of projects throughout the design cycle. The manuals in this series include the following:

• DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. UFC 4-010-01 DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings and 4-010-02 DoD Minimum

1-2

Standoff Distances for Buildings establish standards that provide minimum levels of protection against terrorist attacks for the occupants of all DoD inhabited buildings. Those UFC are intended to be used by security and antiterrorism personnel and design teams to identify the minimum requirements that must be incorporated into the design of all new construction and major renovations of inhabited DoD buildings. They also include recommendations that should be, but are not required to be, incorporated into all such buildings.

• Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual. UFC 4-020-01 Security

Engineering Facilities Planning Manual presents processes for developing the design criteria necessary to incorporate security and antiterrorism features into DoD facilities and for identifying the cost implications of applying those design criteria. Those design criteria may be limited to the requirements of the minimum standards, or they may include protection of assets other than those addressed in the minimum standards (people), aggressor tactics that are not addressed in the minimum standards, or levels of protection beyond those required by the minimum standards. The cost implications for security and antiterrorism are addressed as cost increases over conventional construction for common construction types. The changes in construction represented by those cost increases are tabulated for reference, but they represent only representative construction that will meet the requirements of the design criteria. The manual also includes a means to assess the tradeoffs between cost and risk. The Security Engineering Planning Manual is intended to be used by planners as well as security and antiterrorism personnel with support from planning team members.

• Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual. UFC 4-020-02 Security

Engineering Facilities Design Manual provides interdisciplinary design guidance for developing preliminary systems of protective measures to implement the design criteria established using UFC 4-020-01. Those protective measures include building and site elements, equipment, and the supporting manpower and procedures necessary to make them all work as a system. The information in UFC 4-020-02 is in sufficient detail to support concept level project development, and as such can provide a good basis for a more detailed design.

The manual also provides a process for assessing the impact of protective measures on risk. The primary audience for the Security Engineering Design Manual is the design team, but it can also be used by security and antiterrorism personnel.

• Security Engineering Support Manuals. In addition to the standards, planning, and design UFC mentioned above, there is a series of additional UFC that provide detailed design guidance for developing final designs based on the preliminary designs developed using UFC 4-020-02. These support manuals provide specialized, discipline specific design guidance. Some address specific tactics such as direct fire weapons, forced entry, or airborne contamination.

Others address limited aspects of design such as resistance to progressive collapse or design of portions of buildings such as mailrooms. Still others address details of designs for specific protective measures such as vehicle

1-3 barriers or fences. The Security Engineering Support Manuals are intended to be used by the design team during the development of final design packages.

1-4

2 EXISTING REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDANCE

2-1 DOD REQUIREMENTS

There are several instructions and publications within the Department of Defense that establish required access control procedures for an installation, objectives of an entry control facility, and the responsibility for the operation of the facility.

2-1.1 DOD 5200.8-R Physical Security Program

This regulation requires DOD Components to determine the necessary access control based on the requirements of a developed physical security program. It also requires the evaluation of automated entry control systems or access devices, where necessary.

Emergency planning is specified to include establishment of a system for positive identification of personnel and equipment authorized to enter and exit the installation and maintenance of adequate physical barriers that will be deployed to control access to the installation. Planning will also include increasing vigilance and access restrictions during higher force protection conditions.

2-1.2 DOD 2000.12 DOD Antiterrorism (AT) Program

This directive provides DOD policies for ATFP and assigns responsibilities for implementing the procedures for the DOD ATFP Program. It authorized the publication of DOD O-2000.16 as the DOD standards for ATFP and DOD O-2000.12-H DOD Antiterrorism Handbook as guidance for the DOD standards. DOD O-2000.12H defines the DOD Force Protection Condition (FPCON) System, which describes the potential threat levels and the applicable FPCON measures to be enacted for each level. It also requires Commanders to develop and implement Random Antiterrorism Measures (RAM) as an integral part of their AT Program.

2-1.3 DOD 2000.16 DOD Antiterrorism Standards

This instruction and service directives require the installation or activity Commanding Officer to define the access control measures at installations. Additionally DOD

2000.16 requires Commanders at all levels to develop and implement a comprehensive Antiterrorism (AT) Program, which should define the necessary action sets, including identification and inspection procedures, at each of the potential Force Protection Condition (FPCON) levels.

2-1.4 UFC 4-010-01 DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings

This UFC was issued under the authority of DOD 2000.16, which requires DOD Components to adopt and adhere to common criteria and minimum construction standards to mitigate antiterrorism vulnerabilities and terrorist threats. The minimum standards are based on the assumption that larger amounts of explosive will be detected and denied entry at the controlled perimeter of an installation. It is, therefore, critical that the infrastructure and operating procedures at the Entry Control Facility are capable of that mission.

2-1

2-2 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

2-2.1 Department of Air Force

The Air Force Security Forces and the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence Design Group released the Entry Control Facilities Design Guide in February 2003 which served to some extent in the development of this UFC. Apply the requirements of any previous design guides and this UFC. Ensure the MORE STRINGENT criteria is incorporated in the project.

2-2.2 Department of Army

Requirements concerning Access Control Point Policy and physical security for the Department of Army can be found in Army Regulation (AR) 190-13, Army Physical Security Program. In addition, a Facility Design Team (FDT) under the Department of the Army Facilities Standardization Program will develop and issue a standard design titled Access Control Points for U.S. Army Installations. These standard designs will meet the requirements of this criteria and AR 190-13.

2-2.3 Department of Navy

The Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) issued Interim Technical Guidance (ITG) FY03-03 Entry Control Facilities, on 20 Feb 2003. This UFC supersedes that publication.

OPNAV 5530.14D Navy Physical Security Manual, Chapter 10 identifies the requirements for installation access and circulation control. Section 1001 specifies that each installation or separate activity Commanding Officer must clearly define the access control measures required to safeguard facilities and ensure accomplishment of the mission. Among the policies, it is specified that the procedures to control access to installations must include using a defense-in-depth concept and establish positive access control measures at entry control points to installations. OPNAV 5530.14D further specifies the minimum access control measures based on FPCON and the service level for the installation.

2-2.3.1 Department of Navy - Marine Corps

MCO P5530.14 Marine Corps Physical Security Program provides guidance on the requirements for installation access control, perimeter barriers, vehicle barriers, and protective lighting.

2-3 COMBATANT COMMANDER REQUIREMENTS

Some combatant commanders have issued requirements for entry control procedures for installations within their area of responsibility. Ensure any such requirements are incorporated in addition to the requirements found in this UFC. Resolve any differences

2-2 in the requirements for the design of an ECF by applying the most stringent requirement.

2-4 INSTALLATION SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

As required by DOD 2000.16 and service directives, each installation will have an Antiterrorism Plan. The plan provides procedures and recommendations for reducing risk and vulnerability of DOD personnel, their family members, facilities, and assets from acts of terrorism. The FPCON and RAM specified in an AT Plan and their impact on ECF operations and design is discussed in detail in the following sections.

2-5 FORCE PROTECTION CONDITION (FPCON) LEVELS

The level of identification and inspection requirements at an ECF will vary depending on the FPCON level. Table 2-1 shows the FPCON applications and descriptions, and provides guidance on the expected capabilities and impacts associated with the FPCON levels.

Table 2-1 FPCON Descriptions (ref. DoD O-2000.12-H)

FPCON Application Description

NORMAL Applies when a general threat of possible terrorist activity exists but warrants only a routine security posture.

The baseline posture.

ALPHA Applies when there is a general threat of possible terrorist activity against personnel and installations, the nature and extent of which are unpredictable.

The measures must be capable of being maintained indefinitely.

BRAVO Applies when an increased and more predictable threat of terrorist activity exists.

The measures must be capable of being maintained for weeks without causing undue hardship or extreme traffic delays, affecting operational capability, or aggravating relations with local authorities.

CHARLIE Applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating some form of terrorist action against personnel and installations is imminent.

Implementation of this measure for more than a short period may create hardship and affect the peacetime activities of the unit and its personnel.

DELTA Applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or when intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a specific location is likely.

Normally, FPCON DELTA is declared as a localized warning.

Measures to be implemented in response to local warning and not intended to be sustained for lengthy periods of time.

2-3

It is important to understand the required operations and anticipated traffic volume during all FPCONs as outlined in the Installation’s AT Plan. In accordance with DOD O- 2000.12-H, the security measures employed during FPCON Bravo must be capable of being maintained for weeks without causing undue hardship, affecting operational capability, or aggravating relations with local authorities. Therefore, an ECF designed in accordance with this UFC should be capable of supporting the security measures employed during FPCON Normal, Alpha, and Bravo, including any Random Antiterrorism Measures employed in accordance with the Installation AT Plan. For shorter durations, the ECF should be designed to support operations at FPCONs Charlie and Delta, which includes 100% vehicle inspections. At FPCONs Charlie and Delta, traffic congestion is expected and can be relieved by authorizing entry to mission-essential personnel only. Other methods of reducing traffic congestion at higher level FPCONs involve the use of procedural rather than design elements and are not covered here.

2-6 RANDOM ANTITERRORISM MEASURES (RAM)

Implementing RAM involves identifying at any FPCON a set of measures extracted from higher FPCONs or specific measures prescribed by the Installation Commander to be employed in addition to the basic FPCON measures already in place. Therefore, the level of identification and inspection at the Entry Control Facility will vary depending on the FPCON and the use of RAM. The RAM will be identified in the Installation AT Plan.

Each installation will have an AT Officer, who maintains the AT Plan.

RAM can include, but are not limited to:

• Erection of barriers and obstacles to control traffic flow;

• Vehicle, cargo, and personnel searches; and

• Variations in security routines.

2-7 EXISTING DESIGN GUIDANCE

Table 2-2 provides a summary of the design guidance and criteria available for infrastructure issues related to an ECF. Where differences exist between the references in Table 2-2 and this UFC, the UFC governs.

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Table 2-2 Existing Design Guidance Relating to ECF

Subject Document(s) Exterior Security Lighting

IESNA HB-9 Lighting Handbook IESNA G-1-03 Guideline for Security Lighting for People, Property, and Public

Spaces Exterior CCTV and IDS

UFC 4-012-17 Security Engineering: Design of Electronic Security Systems

Vehicle Barriers UFC 4-022-02 Security Engineering: Design and Selection of Vehicle Barriers Guard Facilities UFC 4-022-03 Security Engineering: Design of Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers, and Guard Facilities UFC 4-024-10 Security Engineering: Design of Buildings to Resist Forced Entry UFC 4-023-07 Security Engineering: Design to Resist Direct Fire Weapons

Effects Traffic and Highway Design Considerations

MTMCTEA (now SDDCTEA) Bulletins Traffic and Safety Engineering for Better Entry Control Facilities - SDDCTEA GDHS-4, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets – AASHTO RSDG-3, Roadside Design Guide – AASHTO Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD)-

USDOT/FHWA

Standard Highway Signs – USDOT/FHWA Traffic Engineering Handbook – ITE Traffic Control Devices Handbook - ITE

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3 ECF CLASSIFICATIONS AND FUNCTION

3-1 ECF USE CLASSIFICATIONS

ECFs are classified based on the intended function and anticipated usage of the ECF.

The four “use” classifications are outlined in Table 3-1. The use classification is a function of the type of traffic, hours of operation, and FPCON considerations.

Table 3-1 ECF Use Classifications

Use Classification

Operational Hours

FPCON

Considerations

Preferred Operation

Primary 24/7 Open continuously

Open thru FPCON Delta

Vehicle registration/visitor pass capacity. Regular operations, visitors with authorization. Could also be designated as truck and delivery gate.

Secondary Regular hours, closed at times

Potentially closed at or above FPCON Charlie

Regular operations, visitors with authorization.

Could also be designated as truck and delivery gate.

Limited Use Only opened for special purposes

Closed at most times

Tactical vehicles, HAZMAT, special events, etc.

Pedestrian Access

Varies Potentially closed at or above FPCON Charlie

Personnel only. Could be located near installation housing areas, near schools, or as part of a Primary or Secondary

ECF.

The guidance contained in this UFC is intended for primary and secondary ECFs.

Limited-use ECFs or internal/restricted area ECFs may require significantly less infrastructure due to reduced operations.

3-2 ECF FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION

An ECF can have many functions. Not all functions are required at every ECF.

Functions for each ECF are based on the installation’s mission, AT Plan, ECF use classification, and land area. Functions may change to meet the demands of higher FPCON levels. The basic functions associated with an ECF are:

• Processing visitors

• Vehicle ID checks

• Personnel ID checks

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• Privately Owned Vehicle (POV) Inspections

• Commercial/Large Vehicle Inspections

3-2.1 Multi-Function ECFs

When an installation has a limited number of access points, functional requirements may be combined at the ECF. For example, an installation with only one ECF may combine all of the above functions, or may use a centralized truck inspection facility that is separate from the ECFs or the installation. A large installation may designate one ECF for truck inspection and commercial vehicle access only. Not requiring support for all functions at each ECF will reduce the infrastructure requirements. Additionally, when designating the functions for all ECFs at an installation, give consideration to the requirements to support oversized, atypical vehicles such as those frequently encountered during construction operations or during mobilization of military vehicles and equipment. These atypical vehicles should be supported by at least one limited use or primary/secondary ECF, which may require modifications such as wider lanes, limiting the use of channelization islands, or limiting potential obstructions.

When possible separate truck and passenger vehicle traffic. For traffic lanes that require speed management to delay a high performance passenger vehicle, exclude truck traffic from these lanes. The effectiveness of most speed management techniques for passenger vehicles decreases when trucks must use the same lanes.

Also, search requirements differ significantly for trucks and passenger vehicles.

Consider separate search facilities for those types of traffic to avoid congestion and improve efficiency of search guards during higher FPCON.

3-3 ECF FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS

The functional diagrams shown in Figures 3-1 through 3-3 illustrate general relationships and desired adjacencies for different types of ECFs. These can be modified based on installation or site-specific requirements for an ECF.

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Figure 3-1 Visitors/DoD Personnel ECF – Functional Relationships

Traffic Calming

Figure 3-2 DoD/Authorized Personnel Only ECF – Functional Relationships

Denial/Exit Denial/Exit Denial/Exit

Roadway Containment

Pull Off/ Alternate

Inspection Approach

Queue

Gatehouse ID Check

POV

Inspection

Visitors Center

Final Barrier

Overwatch

Roadway Containment

Traffic Calming

Roadway Containment

Traffic Calming

Approach

Queue

Gatehouse ID Check

POV

Inspection

Pull Off/ Alternate

Inspection

Final Barrier

Roadway Containment

Denial/Exit Denial/Exit

Overwatch

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Figure 3-3 Commercial Gate: Functional Relationships

Base Escort

Traffic Calming

Roadway Containment

Denial/Exit Denial/Exit

Roadway Containment

Traffic Calming

Overwatch

Final Barrier

Truck Holding

Gatehouse ID Check

Truck Inspection

Approach

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4 PLANNING AND SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

4-1 PLANNING

The following groups should be involved in the planning and design of an ECF:

• Security forces (operations, security, crime prevention, personnel security, and communications security,)

• Installation facility and traffic engineering representatives,

• Installation AT Officer,

• Communications Officers,

• Safety Officers, and

• Local, state, Federal, or host nation officials to ensure integrity of restrictive access to the installation and reduce the potential adverse effects on surrounding communities.

4-2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

4-2.1 User Demand

Site selection for a new ECF starts with an extensive evaluation of the anticipated demand for access to the installation, an analysis of traffic origin and destination, and an analysis of the capability of the surrounding road network to tie in to the ECF, including its capacity to handle additional traffic. Analyses of traffic patterns at installation entry points should include the local Department of Transportation, since any traffic changes will likely have some effect or impact on civilian traffic patterns.

For additional guidance in capacity and traffic safety operations at Entry Control Facilities, refer to Traffic and Safety Engineering for Better Entry Control Facilities by Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command Transportation Engineering Agency (SDDCTEA).

4-2.2 Existing Terrain and Available Space

The existing terrain can have a significant impact on the suitability of a potential ECF site. Flat terrain is generally preferred.