Specifications.doc

Table of Contents Page

DIVISION 100 – General Specifications Section 102 – Definitions ………………………………………………………… Section 103 – Intent of Contract …….…………………………………………… Section 104 – Maintenance for Traffic …………………………………………… Section 105 – Control of Materials……………..………………………………… Section 106 – Measurement & Payment……..…………………………………… DIVISION 150 - Engineering

Section 160 – Quality Control & Quantity Measurement………………………… DIVISION 200 – Earthwork Section 201 – Clearing & Grubbing …..………………………………………… Section 202 – Removal of Structures & Obstructions …………………………… Section 203 – Excavation, Embankment, & Haul ……..………………………… Section 204 – Soil Erosion & Pollution Control ………………………………… Section 206 – Structural Excavation for Major Structures ….…………………… Section 206A – Structural Excavation for Minor Structures ….………………… Section 207 – Developing Water Supply & Watering …………………………… DIVISION 250 – Structural Embankments

Section 251 – Riprap …………………..………………………………………… DIVISION 300 – Bases

Section 304 – Aggregate Base or Surface Course ………………………………… DIVISION 600 – Incidental Construction

Section 601 – Mobilization …………….………………………………………… Section 603B – Plastic Pipe …………….………………………………………… Section 605 – Underdrains …………….………………………………………… Section 622 – Paved Waterways …………….…………………………………… Section 625 – Seeding & Mulching ……………………………………………… Section 635 – Temporary Traffic Control ……………………………………….. 64 DIVISION 700 – Materials

Section 703 – Aggregate …………….…………………………………………… Section 704 – Soil …………….…………..……………………………………… Section 705 – Rock ………………………..……………………………………… 74 Section 706 – Concrete & Plastic Pipe …….……………………………………… 76 Section 707 – Metal Pipe …………………..……………………………………… 77 Section 712 – Joint Material ……..………..……………………………………… 79 Section 713 – Roadside Improvement Material ……..…………………………… 84 Section 714 – Geotextile, Geocomposite Drain Materials, & Geogrids ………..… 95 Section 725 – Miscellaneous Material ……..……………………………………… 101 Section 102 - Definitions XE "Definitions" Wherever the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Adjustment in Contract Price. “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Arch. A culvert section, usually formed of bolted structural plates, that is an arc of a circle (usually one-half or less); that is, a bottomless culvert.

Base Course. The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designed thickness placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course. (See Figure 102-1.)

Bearings. The portion of a beam, girder, or truss that transmits the bridge superstructure load to the substructure.

Berm. Curb or dike constructed to control roadway runoff water. (See Figure 102-1.)

Best Management Practice. A series of water quality protection practices and procedures approved or certified by the State water quality agency under the provisions of sections 319 and 402 of the Clean Water Act, as amended.

Bridge. A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, a road, a trail, or a railway, and having a floor for carrying traffic or other moving loads.

Bridge Length. The overall length measured along the centerline of road to the back of abutment backwalls, if present; otherwise, end to end of the bridge floor, but in no case less than the total clear opening of the structure.

Bridge Traveled Way Width. The clear width measured at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the bridge between the bottom of curbs or, if curbs are not used, between the inner faces of parapet or railing.

Certificate of Compliance. A signed statement by a person with legal authority to bind a company or supplier to its product. The certificate states that the material or assemblies furnished fully comply with the requirements of the contract.

Change. “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Clearing Limits. The limits of clearing as designated on the ground or on the drawings. (See Figure 102-1.)

Cofferdam. A cofferdam is an enclosed single or double wall braced structure with walls sheeted with timber, concrete, or steel, and extending well below the bottom of excavation, when practical. Earthen or rockfill dikes, dams, or embankments are not considered cribs or cofferdams for this purpose.

Conduit. A natural or artificial channel for carrying fluids, such as water pipe, canal, or aqueduct.

Construction Slash. All vegetative material not meeting Utilization Standards, such as tops and limbs, timber, brush, and grubbed stumps associated with construction or reconstruction of a facility.

Contracting Officer (CO). The person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO. Authorized representatives include the Forest Service Representative, Engineering Representative, Contracting Officer’s Representative, and Inspector.

Contractor. The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation undertaking the execution of the work under the terms of the contract and acting directly or through agents, employees, or subcontractors. As used in specifications and drawings for specified roads (Timber Sale Contracts), “Contractor” is “purchaser.”

Controlled Felling. Directing the placement of trees in felling by using wedges, jacks, cable tension, or distribution of holding wood, or any combinations of these, to ensure that trees are dropped into previously cleared areas, or clear of any objects that are to remain.

Culvert. A conduit or passageway under a road, trail, or other obstruction. A culvert differs from a bridge in that it is usually constructed entirely below the elevation of the traveled way.

Curve Widening. Additional width added to curves to allow for vehicle offtracking.

Cushion Material. Native or imported material generally placed over rocky sections of unsurfaced roads to provide a usable and maintainable traveled way.

Defect. A failure to meet a requirement with respect to a single quality characteristic.

Drawings. The documents, including plan and profile sheets, plans, cross sections, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, illustrations, schedules, performance and test data, and similar materials showing details for construction of a facility.

Embankment. A structure of soil, aggregate, or rock material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to subgrade.

Equipment. All machinery and equipment, together with the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance, as well as tools and apparatus necessary for the proper construction and acceptable completion of the work.

Excess Excavation. Material from the roadway in excess of that needed for construction of designed roadways.

Falsework. Any temporary construction work used to support the permanent structure until it becomes self-supporting. Falsework includes steel or timber beams, girders, columns, piles, foundations, and any proprietary equipment including modular shoring frames, post shores, and adjustable horizontal shoring.

Forest Service. The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Government Land. National Forest System lands, and other lands controlled or administered by the Forest Service or other Federal agencies.

Inspector. The Government-authorized representative designated in writing by the Contracting Officer, Contracting Officer’s Representative, or Engineering Representative responsible for detailed inspection.

Invert. The lowest point of the internal cross section of culvert or pipe arch.

Job-Mix Formula. The percentage of each material in a mixture intended for a particular use.

Laboratory. A testing laboratory of the Government, or any other testing laboratory approved by the Contracting Officer.

Live Stream. A defined streambed with flowing water.

Lot. An isolated quantity of material from a single source; a measured amount of construction assumed to be produced by the same process.

Materials. Any substance specified for use in the construction of the project and its appurtenances.

Maximum Density. The highest density that can be obtained for a specific material using the stated test procedure.

Measurement. Determining and expressing the quantities of work or materials.

Multibeam Girder. A precast, prestressed concrete member where the concrete deck is precast as an integral part of the member.

Neat Line. A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Nominal Dimensions or Weights. The numerical values shown on the drawings or in the specifications as measurements of material to be used in the construction.

Nominal Maximum Particle Size. The largest sieve size listed in the applicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.

Overbreak. Material beyond the neat line of an excavation that is removed in the process of excavation, usually by blasting.

Pass. A pass shall consist of one complete coverage of the surface.

Pavement Structure. Subbase, base, or surface course, or combination thereof, placed on a subgrade to support the traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed.

Pioneer Road. Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Pipe. A culvert that is circular (round) in cross section.

Pipe Arch. A pipe that has been factory-deformed from a circular shape such that the width (or span) is larger than the vertical dimension (or rise).

Profile Grade. The trace of a vertical plane, as shown on the drawings, intersecting the top surface at the centerline of the proposed facility construction.

Purchaser. The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Random Sampling. A sample of material chosen such that each increment of a population of material has an equal probability of being selected.

Reasonably Close Conformity. Compliance with reasonable and customary manufacturing and construction tolerances, performing all work and furnishing all materials in “reasonably close conformity” with lines, grades, cross sections, dimensions, and material requirements shown on the drawings, indicated in the specifications, or designated on the ground.

Right-of-Way. A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) land, appurtenances thereto, or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for public or private passageway. (See Figure 102-1.)

Road Order. An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Road Template. The shape and cross-sectional dimensions of the roadway to be constructed, as defined by the construction staking notes and the characteristics of the typical sections.

Roadbed. The graded portion of a road between the intersection of subgrade and side slopes, excluding that portion of the ditch below subgrade. (See Figure 102-1.)

Roadside. A general term denoting the area adjoining the outer edge of the roadway.

(See Figure 102-1.)

Roadway. The portion of the road within the limits of excavation and embankment, including slope rounding. (See Figure 102-1.)

Schedule of Items. A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, methods of measurement, unit price, and amount.

Second Samples. A sample taken when the initial sample indicates that the material is defective.

Shoulder. The portion of the roadway contiguous to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, emergency use, and lateral support of pavement structure.

(See Figure 102-1.)

Sidewalk. The portion of the roadway constructed primarily for pedestrian use.

Special Project Specifications. The specifications that detail the conditions and requirements specific to the individual project, including additions and revisions to Standard Specifications.

Specifications. A description of the technical requirements for a material, product, or service that includes criteria for determining whether these requirements are met.

Spring Line. The point of contact between arch and footing.

Standard Specifications. Specifications approved for general application and repetitive use.

Station. (1) A measure of distance used for highways and railroads equal to 100 feet.

(2) A precise location along a survey line.

Subbase. The layers of specified or selected material of designed thickness placed on a subgrade to support a base course.

Subgrade Treatment. Modification of roadbed material by stabilization.

Subgrade. The prepared surface, including widening for curves, turnouts, and other areas upon which a subbase, base, or surface course is constructed. For roads without base course or surface course, that portion of roadbed prepared as the finished wearing surface. (See Figure 102-1.)

Substructure (Bridge). All of that part of the structure below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames, together with the backwalls, wingwalls, and wing protection railings.

Superstructure (Bridge). The entire structure, except the substructure.

Surface Course. The top layer of a pavement structure, sometimes called the wearing course, usually designed to resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and the disintegrating effects of climate. (See Figure 102-1.)

Tackifier. Binder for vegetative mulch.

Target Value. Values that are established according to contract, and from which allowable variations are measured.

Timber Sale Contract. A written contract for the removal of national forest timber.

Tops and Limbs. All woody material including bushes, vines, and portions of trees smaller than the dimensions for timber shown in Subsection 201.03.

Traveled Way. The portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders and auxiliary lanes. (See Figure 102-1.)

Turnout. A short auxiliary lane on a one-lane road provided for the passage of meeting vehicles.

Unit of Measurement. The unit and fractions of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Unsuitable Material. The material excavated during roadway construction that is not usable in embankment and must be disposed of, or that can be used only in certain locations or for limited purposes.

Utilization Standards. The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifications to determine merchantable timber.

Figure 102-1 - Illustration of road structure terms.

Section 103 - Intent of Contract

The intent of the contract is to provide for the complete construction of the project described in the contract. Unless otherwise provided, furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies, and perform all work required to complete the project in reasonably close conformity with drawings and specifications, and in accordance with provisions of the contract.

Section 104 - Maintenance for Traffic

104.01 Roads To Be Constructed – During Work

The Contractor may close all or a portion of the road during the road construction between Monday morning 7:30 am to Friday afternoon 5:00 pm. Contractor shall develop and submit for approval by the Contracting Officer a Temporary Traffic Control Plan in accordance with Section 635.

Post construction signs and traffic control devices in conformance with the “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices” (MUTCD). Do not proceed with work on the project until all required signs are in place and approved.

104.02 Roads To Be Constructed – Weekends

During weekends keep existing roads open to all traffic, and maintain them in a condition that will adequately accommodate traffic. Contractor shall maintain a minimum 11 foot wide lane open for passenger car traffic at all times. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic or existing access to the roadway surface until a plan for the satisfactory handling of weekend traffic has been approved. Contractor shall include in the submitted Traffic Control Plan provisions for one lane operation, including advanced warning sign sequence, prior to beginning of work Before shutting down any operations, take all necessary precautions to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections; and provide for normal drainage and minimization of erosion. Leave all travelways in a condition suitable for passenger car traffic.

The Government may permit use of portions of the project during periods when operations have shut down. All maintenance attributable to permitted use during periods of work suspension will be provided by the Government, except for maintenance needed through the fault or negligence of the Contractor. The Contractor shall be responsible for any maintenance not attributable to use, or that is necessary during suspensions through the fault or negligence of the Contractor.

104.02 Use of Roads by Contractor

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

Section 105 - Control of Materials

105.01 Handling Materials

Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work. Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination. Do not intermingle stockpiles of aggregate with different gradations.

105.02 Weighing Devices

When the measurement is by weight, provide weigh scales and transport the materials so they can be weighed. Perform all weighing.

a) Platform Scales. Provide platform scales of sufficient length and capacity to permit simultaneous weighing of all axle loads of each hauling unit.

Provide scales accurate to within 1 percent of the correct weight throughout the range of use. Before using the scales and as frequently thereafter as necessary to ensure accuracy, have the scales checked, adjusted, and certified by a representative of the State agency responsible for weights and measures or by a qualified manufacturer’s representative.

Provide copies of weight tickets from a certified scale.

Material may be weighed on other certified scales without additional compensation. In this case, furnish certified weight tickets for all material delivered to the project, and guarantee permission to periodically check the weighing procedure and records.

(b) Belt Conveyor Scales. Belt conveyor weighing will be accepted in lieu of platform scales, provided this method or device meets the requirements specified below and is compatible with the provisions of measurement and payment in the applicable specifications.

Use a belt conveyor scale that meets the design, marking, installation, and tolerance requirements of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Handbook No. 44. Provide a copy of a NBS Prototype Examination Report of Test to certify the scale.

Use a weighing mechanism that contains a weight totalizer and a self-printing device that legibly imprints the load-out weight on appropriate serially numbered and time-dated tickets. Time date manually, or use an automatic printing device. Deliver each ticket at the job site or point of use. Furnish the totalizer calibration adjustment and ticket-imprinting device with a security lock and key.

Under observation of the CO, run a daily zero-load test in accordance with NBS

Handbook No. 44.

105.03 Sampling & Testing of Aggregate

When Designated Sources or Contractor-Furnished Sources are specified (see Subsections 105.06(a) and (b)), submit test results and a Certificate of Compliance that states that the aggregate meets the contract requirements. Equip crushing, screening, and mixing plants with sampling devices. Submit test results within 16 working hours of obtaining sample(s). Take additional samples, if required by the CO, to validate the certification.

Before incorporating material into the work, ensure that sampling and testing of material conform to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) requirements, and occur as follows:

(a) For onsite-produced materials at crushing or screening plants: after additions of any necessary blending material.

(b) For commercially produced aggregates: at the producer’s plant or stockpile.

(c) For gradation of combined aggregate in bituminous plant mixtures: either before or after introduction of bituminous material.

These test results shall not preclude later sampling and testing for final acceptance after final processing of the material.

105.04 Certification & Sampling of Asphalt Materials – Not Applicable

105.05 Rights in & Use of Materials Found or Produced on the Work

(a) With the written approval of the CO, suitable stone, gravel, sand, or other material found in the excavation can be used on the project. Payment will be made both for the excavation of such materials at the corresponding contract unit price and for the pay items for which the excavated material is used. Replace, without additional compensation, sufficient suitable materials to complete the portion of the work that was originally contemplated to be constructed with such material.

(b) Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. The Government is not obligated to make reimbursement for the cost of producing these materials.

105.06 Material Sources

(a) Designated Sources. There are no designated sources for this contract.

(b) Contractor-Furnished Sources. When the material sources are not designated as provided above, or when designated sources are not used, furnish material that produces an end product equivalent in performance to that originally designated. An adjustment in contract price shall be made where the weight/volume relationship differences between designated source material and Contractor-furnished source material result in a financial disadvantage to the Government..

Test for quality in conformance with applicable requirements, to establish the equivalency of the end product. Furnish test results and a Certificate of Compliance.

Section 106 - Measurement & Payment

106.01 Measurement & Payment

Compensation provided for in the contract is full payment for performing all contract work in a complete and acceptable manner. All risk, loss, damage, or expense arising out of the nature or prosecution of the work is included in the compensation provided by the contract.

Work required by the contract will not be paid for directly unless a PAY ITEM for the work is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Work referenced for measurement under another section will not be paid for directly unless a PAY ITEM for the work is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for the referenced section.

Work not paid for directly is considered to be included under the other contract PAY ITEMS.

Unless otherwise shown, work measured and paid for under one PAY ITEM will not be paid for under any other PAY ITEM.

The quantity to be paid for is the quantity DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. No payment will be made for work performed in excess of that staked, ordered, or otherwise authorized.

When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for any PAY ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

106.02 Determination of Quantities

The following measurements and calculations are used to determine contract quantities.

For individual construction items, longitudinal and lateral measurements for area computations shall be made horizontally or corrected to horizontal measurement unless otherwise specified. Measurements for seeding, mulching, geotextiles, netting, erosion control blankets, and sodding shall be along slope lines.

The average end area method shall be used to compute volumes of excavation or embankment. However, if in the judgment of the CO the average end area method is impractical, measurement shall be made by volume in hauling vehicles, or by other three-dimensional methods.

Structures shall be measured according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, or as altered by the CO in writing to fit field conditions.

For items that have linear measurements, such as pipe culverts, fencing, guardrails, and underdrains, measurements shall be made parallel to the base or foundation upon which the structures are placed. Pipe and pipe arch culverts shall be measured along center of invert, and arches shall be measured at spring line.

For aggregates weighed for payment, the tonnage weight shall not be adjusted for moisture content, unless otherwise provided in SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS.

For asphalt material, volumes shall be measured at 60 °F, or shall be corrected to the volume at 60 °F by using ASTM D 1250 for asphalt. Emulsified asphalt shall be measured at 60 °F, or by converting the volume at another temperature to volume at 60 °F by means of the following formula:

Gallons at 60 °F = where

A °F = temperature of the emulsified asphalt at the time the volume is measured

For vehicular shipments, net certified scale weights or weights based on certified volumes shall be used as a basis of measurement. Measurements shall be adjusted when asphalt material has been lost from the vehicle or from the distributor, has been wasted, or has otherwise not been incorporated into the work. True weights of hauling vehicles shall be determined by weighing the empty vehicles at least once a day at the times the CO specifies. Each vehicle shall bear a plainly legible identification mark.

When asphalt materials are shipped, net certified weights, or volume corrected for loss of foaming, can be used for computing quantities.

For standard manufactured items (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, and pipe conduits) identified by gauge, weight, section dimensions, and so forth, such identifications shall be considered the nominal weights or dimensions. Unless controlled by tolerances in cited specifications, manufacturer’s tolerances shall be accepted.

106.03 Units of Measurement

Payment will be by units defined and determined according to measure. Unless otherwise specified, the meanings of the following terms are as follows:

(a) Cubic Yard in Place (yd3). Measure solid volumes by the average end area method as follows:

(1) Measure cross-sections of the original ground and use with design or staked templates, or take other comparable measurements to determine the end areas. Do not measure work outside of the established lines or slopes.

(2) If any portion of the work is acceptable, but is not completed to the established lines and slopes, remeasure cross sections or comparable measurements of that portion of the work. Deduct any quantity outside the designated or staked limits. Use these measurements to calculate new end areas.

(3) Compute the quantity using the average end areas multiplied by the horizontal distance along a centerline or reference line between the end areas. Deduct any quantity outside the designed or staked limits.

Where it is impractical to measure material by the average end area method, other methods involving three-dimensional measurements may be used.

Measure liquid volumes in accordance with Subsection 106.03(h).

(b) Cubic Yard in the Hauling Vehicle. Measure the cubic yard volume in the hauling vehicle using three-dimensional measurements at the point of delivery. Use vehicles bearing a legible identification mark with the body shaped so the actual contents may be readily and accurately determined. Before use, mutually agree in writing upon the volume of material to be hauled by each vehicle. Vehicles carrying less than the agreed volume may be rejected or accepted at the reduced volume.

Level selected loads. If leveling reveals that the vehicle was hauling less than the approved volume, reduce the quantity of all material received since the last leveled load by the same ratio as the ratio of the current leveled load volume to the agreed volume. Payment will not be made for material in excess of the agreed volume.

Material measured in the hauling vehicle may be weighed and converted to cubic yards for payment purposes if the conversion factors are mutually agreed to in writing.

Compute measurement-using measurements of material in the hauling vehicles at the point of delivery. Load vehicles to at least their water-level capacity. Leveling of the loads may be required when vehicles arrive at the delivery point.

(c) Each. One entire unit, which may consist of one or more parts. The quantity is the actual number of units completed and accepted.

(d) Acre (ac). 43,560 ft2. Make longitudinal and transverse measurements for area computations horizontally. Do not make deductions from the area computation for individual exclusions having an area of 500 ft2 or less.

(e) Hour (h). Measurement will be for the actual number of hours ordered and performed by the Contractor.

(f) Pound (lb). If sacked or packaged material is furnished, the net weight as packed by the manufacturer may be used.

(g) Mile (mi). 5,280 feet. Measure horizontal along the centerline of each roadway, approach road, or ramp.

(h) Gallon (gal). The quantity may be measured by any of the following methods:

(1) Measured volume container.

(2) Metered volume. Use an approved metering system.

(3) Commercially packaged volumes.

(i) Lump Sum. Do not measure directly. The bid amount is complete payment for all work described in the contract and necessary to complete the work for that item.

(j) Foot (ft). Measure from end to end, parallel to the base or foundation being measured, or horizontal.

(k) Station XE "Station" . 100 feet measured horizontally.

(l) Square Yard (yd2). Measure on a plane parallel to the surface being measured or horizontal.

Where measurement is horizontal, make no deductions from the area computation for individual exclusions having an area of 10 ft2 or less.

For pavement structure courses, measure the width horizontally to include the top design width and allowable curve widening. Do not include side slopes. Measure the length horizontally along the centerline of each roadway, approach road, or ramp.

(m) Thousand Board Feet (Mbf). 1,000 board feet based on nominal widths, thickness, and extreme usable length of each piece of lumber or timber actually incorporated in the job. For glued laminated timber, 1,000 board feet based on actual width, thickness, and length of each piece actually incorporated in the job.

(n) Ton (T). 2,000 pounds.

No adjustment in contract unit price will be made for variations in quantity due to differences in the specific gravity or moisture content.

Use net certified scale weights, or weights based on certified volumes.

106.04 Methods of Measurement

One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Designed Quantities (DQ). These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project. Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, drawings, and the presentation in the contract. Changes in the number of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS may be authorized under any of the following conditions:

(1) Changes in the work authorized by the CO.

(2) A determination by the CO that errors exist in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) A written request submitted to the CO showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause the quantity of a PAY ITEM to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, drawings, or other data that show how the designed quantity is in error.

(b) Staked Quantities (SQ). These quantities are determined from staked measurements prior to construction.

(c) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurements of completed work.

(d) Vehicle Quantities (VQ). These quantities are measured or weighed in hauling vehicles.

(e) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

106.05 Price Adjustment for Asphalt Materials

Asphalt materials are defined as all types and grades of asphalt cement, cutback, and emulsified asphalt.

The refinery test reports and the Certificate of Compliance required in Subsection 105.04 will be reviewed and used to support acceptance of the asphalt material incorporated into the project.

If materials are found not to be in conformance with the specified tolerances or within the specification limits, the CO will determine an equitable adjustment in payment.

If the CO elects to test field samples, the test results may be used for acceptance.

106.06 Earthwork Tolerances

Where tolerances are shown in the contract, they are intended to define “reasonably close conformity.” Make adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment within the tolerances specified in this contract, or shifts of balance points up to 100 feet, as necessary to produce the designed roadway section and to balance earthwork. Such adjustments will not be considered “changes.”

Section 160 - Quality Control XE "Control" & Quantity Measurement

Description

160.01 Work. Provide quality control in conformance with the Inspection of Construction provisions of this contract to ensure compliance with the drawings, specifications, and provisions of the contract. Measure the quantities of completed work in conformance with the provisions of the applicable specification. Provide all personnel, equipment, tests, and reports necessary to meet the requirements of this specification.

Construction

160.02 Quality Control & Quantity Measurement System. Provide and maintain a quality control system that will ensure that all services, supplies, and construction required under this contract conform to the contract requirements. Perform, or cause to be performed, the sampling, inspection, and testing required to substantiate that all supplies, services, and construction conform to the contract requirements.

In addition, perform, or cause to be performed, all measurement of quantities of materials incorporated into the work or work processes that are to be measured under the provisions of the contract.

(a) Quality Control Plan. Submit in writing the following:

(1) Authorities and responsibilities of inspection and testing personnel.

(2) Experience and qualifications of inspection and testing personnel to be assigned and name and location of any (for hire) testing facility to be used.

(b) Approval of Quality Control Plan. Before beginning work, submit proposed quality control plan for all items requiring quality control to the CO for review. Within 5 days of receipt of the plan, the CO will determine whether the plan adequately covers quality control requirements. Do not perform construction work before receiving written approval of the proposed plan. Submit to the CO in writing any proposed changes in the approved quality control plan. Do not put proposed changes into effect until approved in writing by the CO.

160.03 Sampling, Testing, Inspection XE "Inspection" , & Measurement of Quantities. Provide and maintain appropriate measuring and testing devices, equipment, and supplies to accomplish the required measurement, testing, and inspection in a timely manner. Make all tests, measurements, and certifications as required by the drawings and specifications. Take samples and perform inspections and tests as necessary to achieve the quality of construction required by the contract, and make required measurements of work performed onsite or offsite under this contract. Sampling and testing frequency for specific items will be in the Standard Specifications, or in a SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATION.

Where random sample or random measurement is specified, provide a stratified statistically random sample. Determine random numbers in accordance with ASTM D 3665, Sections 5.1 through 5.7, or use a computer-generated random number program approved by the CO. Ensure that the sampling is stratified to eliminate the possibility that sample points are “clustered.” Perform stratification by dividing the total quantity for the applicable bid item by the sample frequency. This process divides the total project quantity of one lot into sublots. Use the random number to obtain a random sampling point within each sublot. A lot may be terminated and a new lot started when approved by the CO. After a lot is terminated, do not combine it with any other lot. If material within a sublot fails to meet specification requirement, the CO may allow the sublot materials to be reworked and resampling to be performed at new randomly selected locations.

The CO may reject any quantity of material that appears to be defective based on visual inspection or test results. Do not use such rejected material in the work. Results of tests run on this rejected material will not be included in results of lot acceptance tests.

160.04 Records of Inspection, Tests, & Measurement. Meet the following requirements for inspection and tests, and as-built drawings:

(a) Inspection and Tests. Maintain current records of all inspections and tests performed. The following format, or one with the following information, will be acceptable to the Government:

Road No.

Contract No.

(Initials)

Certify in writing that all inspections and tests were performed in accordance with specifications.

(b) As-Built Drawings. Maintain a set of the contract drawings depicting as-built conditions. Maintain these drawings in current condition, and make them available for review. Indicate all variations from contract drawings in red on the drawings. Upon completion of the contract work, submit as-built drawings to the CO.

160.05 Certifications XE "Certifications" & Measurements. Meet the following requirements for offsite-produced materials and quantity measurements:

(a) Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all materials produced offsite that are incorporated into the work meet the applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or stated in the specifications. Certify all incidental purchases needed to remedy minor shortages of material.

(b) Quantity Measurements. Make all measurements for computation of quantities for all work items, except those specified for payment by designed quantity or lump sum. Compute the quantities for periodic progress payments; the CO will compute the quantities for the final payment based on measurements taken. All Contractor measurements are subject to verification. Submit all field notes, calculation sheets, and other data used to determine quantities, and certify in writing as to the accuracy of the measurements and computations submitted.

The following format, or one containing the following information, will be acceptable to the Government:

Road No.

Contract No.

(Initials)

Measurement

160.06 Method. Use the method of measurement that is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Payment

160.07 Basis. The accepted quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item Pay Unit

160(01) Quality Control Lump Sum

Section 201 - Clearing & Grubbing

Description

201.01 Work. Clear and grub; treat timber, construction slash, and debris; and preserve vegetation and objects designated to remain free from injury or defacement.

Construction

201.02 Clearing & Grubbing. Clear and grub in accordance with the following:

(a) Exceptions. Within the clearing limits, clear and treat trees, debris, stumps, roots, and other protruding vegetative material not designated to remain, except the following:

(1) Undisturbed stumps outside the roadway or in embankment areas, provided they do not extend more than 12 inches above the original ground (measured from the uphill side); they are no closer than 2 feet to the finished subgrade or 12 inches to any slope surface; and they do not interfere with the placement or compaction of embankments.

(2) Material in channel changes, rock sections, and ditches that is below the depth of the proposed excavation.

(3) Uncut vegetation less than 3 feet in height and less than 3 inches in diameter, that is within the clearing limits but beyond the roadway and not in a decking area, and that does not interfere with sight distance along the road.

(b) Performance. Grub all roots over 3 inches in diameter within the roadbed area to a minimum depth of 6 inches below subgrade. Cut flush with the excavated road surface all roots over 3 inches in diameter that protrude from the excavated slope.

Clear slash treatment areas and treat debris in accordance with Subsections 201.02(a) and 201.05.

Clear decking areas and treat debris in accordance with Subsection 201.05.

Fell trees into the area being cleared when ground conditions, tree lean, and shape of clearing permit.

Use controlled felling to ensure the direction of fall to prevent damage to property, structures, trees designated to remain, and traffic.

Dead trees over 6 inches in diameter measured 12 inches above the ground that lean toward the road and are sufficiently tall to reach the roadbed are designated for cutting. Fell hazard trees or unstable live trees that are tall enough to reach the roadbed, when marked, before felling timber in the immediate clearing vicinity. Maximum stump height is 12 inches or one-third of the stump diameter, whichever is higher, measured on the side adjacent to the highest ground. Leave trees felled outside the clearing limits in place, and treat them no further.

Trim branches on remaining trees or shrubs to give a clear height of 16 feet above the roadbed. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as practicable.

201.03 Utilization of Timber. There is no merchantable timber for this contract. Conform logging methods and utilization to the following:

(a) Felling & Bucking. Fell trees to minimize damage to remaining trees located outside of clearing limits. Fell trees with saws or shears.

(b) Utilization & Removal of Timber. Remove or treat trees using one of the following methods, as DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS:

(4) Dispose of unmerchantable timber in accordance with Subsection 201.05 by the treatment methods DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

201.04 Pioneer Roads. During pioneering operations, prevent undercutting of the final excavation slope. Avoid any restriction of drainages while pioneering the road. Keep all materials within the roadway limits.

201.05 Slash Treatment. Use or treat construction slash larger than 3 inches in diameter and 3 feet in length by one or more of the following methods, as DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS:

(1) Windrowing construction slash.

(2) Windrowing large material.

(3) Windrowing and covering.

(4) Scattering.

(5) Burying.

(6) Chipping or grinding.

(7) Piling and burning.

(8) Decking unmerchantable material.

(9) Placement in cutting units.

(10) Removal.

(11) Piling.

(12) Placing slash on embankment slopes.

(13) Debris mat.

Pieces of wood less than 3 inches in diameter and 3 feet in length may be scattered within the clearing limits.

(a) All Methods. Construction slash placement will not be allowed in lakes, meadows, streams, or streambeds. Immediately remove construction slash that interferes with drainage structures.

Fell and dispose of trees that are scorched or damaged beyond recovery, and adjacent to the clearing limits, in accordance with Subsection 201.03; or treat these trees as construction slash.

(b) Specific Methods. When using one or more of the following slash treatment methods, meet requirements specified below:

(1) Windrowing Construction Slash. Windrow according to the following requirements unless otherwise specified in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS. Clear areas to accommodate the windrow slash. Place construction slash outside the roadway in neat, compacted windrows laid approximately parallel to and along the toe line of embankment slopes. Do not permit the top of the windrows to extend above the top of subgrade. Use construction equipment to matt down all material in a windrow to form a compact and uniform pile. Construct breaks of at least 16 foot at least every 200 feet in a windrow. Do not place windrows against trees. A pioneer road may be constructed to provide an area for placement of windrows, provided the excavated material is kept within the clearing limits and does not adversely affect the road construction.

(2) Windrowing Large Material. Windrow construction slash that is 10 inches or more in diameter at the small end, and 6 feet or more in length, as specified in Subsection 201.05(b)(1). Treat smaller material by one or more of the other included methods for slash treatment.

(3) Windrowing & Covering. Place and compact construction slash as specified in Subsection 201.05(b)(1), and cover with at least 6 inches of rock and soil to form a smooth and uniform windrow.

(4) Scattering. Scatter according to the following requirements unless otherwise specified in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS. Scatter construction slash outside the clearing limits without damaging trees. Limb all logs. Place logs and stumps away from trees, positioned so they will not roll, and are not on top of one another. Limb and scatter other construction slash to reduce slash concentrations.

(5) Burying. Bury construction slash at the locations designated on the ground. Mat construction slash down in layers, and cover it with at least 2 feet of rock and soil. Smooth and slope the final surface to drain.

(6) Chipping or Grinding. Process construction slash that is up to at least 4 inches in diameter and longer than 3 feet through a chipping machine or machine designed and operated to grind slash and stumps into pieces, such as a tub grinder. Deposit chips or ground woody material on embankment slopes or outside the roadway to a loose depth not exceeding 6 inches. Minor amounts of chips or ground woody material may be permitted within the roadway if they are thoroughly mixed with soil and do not form a layer.

(7) Piling & Burning. Deposit construction slash in areas designated on the ground. Construct piles so that burning does not damage standing trees. If burning is incomplete, repile and burn the slash remaining until pieces are reduced to less than 3 inches in diameter and 3 feet in length. Scatter the remaining pieces.

(8) Decking Unmerchantable Material. Deck logs that do not meet Utilization Standards specified in Subsection 201.03, and other material that exceeds the diameter and length shown in the SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS in areas SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Other locations may be approved by the CO.

Cut material into lengths not exceeding 32 feet, and remove all limbs. Decks are to be stable and free of brush and soil. Treat other material according to slash treatment methods SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS and in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

(9) Placement in Cutting Units. Place construction slash from within cutting units and the adjacent 200 feet with cutting unit logging slash. Place construction slash at least 50 feet inside the cutting unit boundary such that it will not inhibit logging of the unit and may be treated by the prescribed logging slash treatment method.

(10) Removal. Remove or haul construction slash to locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or designated on the ground.

(11) Piling. Pile construction slash in areas designated on the ground. Place and construct piles so future burning will not damage remaining trees. Keep piles reasonably free of dirt from stumps. Cut unmerchantable logs into lengths of less than 20 feet prior to placement in the pile.

(12) Placing Slash on Embankment Slopes. Place construction slash on completed embankment slopes to reduce soil erosion. Place construction slash as flat as practicable on the completed slope. Place slash from the toe of the embankment to a point at least 2 feet below subgrade elevation. Priority for use of available slash is for: (1) through fills; (2) insides of curves; and (3) ditch relief outlets.

(13) Debris Mat. Use tree limbs, tops, cull logs, split stumps, wood chunks, and other debris to form a mat upon which construction equipment is operated. Place stumps upside down and blend stumps into the mat.

Measurement

201.06 Method. Use the method of measurement that is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Linear measurements are to be horizontal along the road centerline.

Area quantities are the number of acres within the clearing limits.

Individual removal of trees is the number of trees of the various size designations removed. Measure tree diameters at a height of 12 inches above ground. Do not count trees less than 6 inches in diameter. Size designations are shown in Table 201-1.

Table 201-1. - Size designations for trees removed.

Payment

201.07 Basis. The accepted quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM DESIGNATED IN THE…