Beaver CrSpecs_Final.doc

Table of Contents

1Table of Contents

Preface 101 - Terms, Format, and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbreviations.

101.04 Definitions.

102 - Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract 102 Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract 103 - Scope of Work Deletions 104 - Control of Work Deletions

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

105 - Control of Material

105.02 Material Sources.

105.02(a) Government-provided sources.

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.07 Delete

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims.

107.06 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work.

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties.

107.10 Environmental Protection.

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108 Delete.

109 - Measurement and Payment 109 Deletions

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155 Delete.

156 - Public Traffic 157 - Soil Erosion Control

157.03 General……………………………………………………………………27

171 - Weed and Disease Prevention 201- Clearing and Grubbing

….32 203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions 204 - Excavation and Embankment

. 34

211 - Roadway obliteration

212- Linear Grading

303 - Road Reconditioning 308 - Minor Crushed Aggregate 552 - Structural Concrete 603 - Structural Plate Structures

603.03 General.

625 - Turf Establishment . 70 648 - Stream Simulation………………………………………………………………72

705 - Rock

705.07 Streambed Simulation Rock.

713 -Roadside Improvement Materials………………………………………………..75 718 - Traffic Signing and Marking Material

Preface

Preface_wo_03_15_2004_m Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-03 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms, Format, and Definitions

101.00_nat_us_07_25_2005

101.01_nat_us_01_22_2009

101.01 Meaning of Terms

Delete all references to the TAR (Transportation Acquisition Regulations) in the specifications.

101.03_nat_us_06_16_2006

101.03 Abbreviations.

Add the following to (a) Acronyms:

AFPA

MSHA

NIST

NESC

WCLIB

American Forest and Paper Association Mine Safety and Health Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology National Electrical Safety Code West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

Add the following to (b) SI symbols:

101.04_nat_us_03_29_2007

101.04 Definitions.

Delete the following definitions and substitute the following:

Bid Schedule--The Schedule of Items.

Bridge--No definition.

Contractor--The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a timber sale contract, the contractor is the “purchaser”.

Culvert--No definition.

Right-of-Way--A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Add the following:

Adjustment in Contract Price--“Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change--“Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Design Quantity--“Design quantity” is a Forest Service method of measurement from the FS-96 Forest Service Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges. Under these FP specifications this term is replaced by the term “Contract Quantities”.

Forest Service--The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line--A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Pioneer Road--Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser--The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse--A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

Road Order--An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Schedule of Items--A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, unit price, and amount.

Utilization Standards--The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifications to determine merchantable timber.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

102 - Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

102.00_nat_us_02_16_2005

102 Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

Delete Section 102 in its entirety.

103 - Scope of Work

103.00_nat_us_02_16_2005

Deletions

Delete all but subsection 103.01 Intent of Contract.

104 - Control of Work

104.00_nat_us_06_16_2006

Deletions

Delete Sections 104.01, 104.02, and 104.04.

104.06_nat_us_02_17_2005

Add the following subsection:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

105 - Control of Material

105.02_nat_us_01_18_2007

105.02 Material Sources.

105.02(a) Government-provided sources.

Add the following:

Comply with the requirements of 30 CFR 56, subparts B and H. Use all suitable material for aggregate regardless of size unless otherwise designated. When required, re-establish vegetation in disturbed areas according to section 625.

105.05_nat_us_05_12_2004

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

Delete 105.05 (a) and (b) and the last sentence of the second paragraph and substitute the following:

Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. The Government is not obligated to make reimbursement for the cost of producing these materials.

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.07_nat_us_05_11_2004

106.07 Delete

Delete subsection 106.07.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

107.05_nat_us_05_11_2004

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims.

Delete the entire subsection.

107.06_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.06 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work.

Delete the following from the first paragraph.

“except as provided in Subsection 106.07”.

107.09_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties.

Delete the entire subsection.

107.10_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.10 Environmental Protection.

Add the following:

Design and locate equipment repair shops, stationary refueling sites, or other facilities to minimize the potential and impacts of hazardous material spills on Government land.

Before beginning any work, submit a Hazardous Spill Plan. List actions to be taken in the event of a spill. Incorporate preventive measures to be taken, such as the location of mobile refueling facilities, storage and handling of hazardous materials, and similar information. Immediately notify the CO of all hazardous material spills. Provide a written narrative report form no later than 24 hours after the initial report and include the following:

· Description of the item spilled (including identity, quantity, manifest number, and other identifying information).

· Whether amount spilled is EPA or state reportable, and if so whether it was reported, and to whom.

· Exact time and location of spill including a description of the area involved.

· Containment procedures.

· Summary of any communications the Contractor had with news media, Federal, state and local regulatory agencies and officials, or Forest Service officials.

· Description of clean-up procedures employed or to be employed at the site including final disposition and disposal location of spill residue.

When available provide copies of all spill related clean up and closure documentation and correspondence from regulatory agencies.

The Contractor is solely responsible for all spills or leaks that occur during the performance of this contract. Clean up spills or leaks to the satisfaction of the CO and in a manner that complies with Federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

108 - Prosecution and Progress

108.00_nat_us_02_16_2005

108 Delete.

Delete Section 108 in its entirety.

109 - Measurement and Payment

109.00_nat_us_02_17_2005

109 Deletions

Delete the following entire subsections:

109.06 Pricing of Adjustments.

109.07 Eliminated Work.

109.08 Progress Payments.

109.09 Final Payment.

109.02_nat_us_06_16_2006

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

(b) Contract quantity.

Add the following:

Contract quantities will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

Change the following:

“(b) Cubic yard” to “(c) Cubic yard”.

Add the following definition:

(p) Thousand Board Feet (Mbf). 1,000 board feet based on nominal widths, thickness, and extreme usable length of each piece of lumber or timber actually incorporated in the job. For glued laminated timber, 1,000 board feet based on actual width, thickness, and length of each piece actually incorporated in the job.

152- Construction Survey and Staking

Description 152-01_ 0412--8-12-2009

152.01 Description:

Add the following:

This work consists of placing and maintaining slope stakes on the segments of road where it is required.

This work also consists of placing control staking for the arch on road 50176. The drawings show the elevation of the proposed structure relative to the existing inlet and outlet. Prior to start of excavation for the arch, the contractor shall set bench marks that reference the vertical and horizontal location of the inlet and outlet. The control staking for the arch will be incidental to the pay item for the arch.

This work also consists of setting culvert reference stakes for the 18 and 54 inch culverts. The reference stakes for the culverts will be incidental to the pay item for the pipes.

152-01_nat-us-08-05-2005

152.01(c) Material.

Add the following:

Use required stake dimensions and materials. Pre-paint the top 2 inches of all stakes and lath, or mark them with plastic flagging. Use designated colors for paint or flagging. Mark all stakes with a stake pencil that leaves a legible imprint, or with waterproof ink.

Use moisture-resistant paper for survey notes. Keep notes in books with covers that will protect the contents and retain the pages in numerical sequence.

Construction Requirements

152.02 General.

Delete the first two sentences.

Add the following:

When indicated on the plans, a preliminary survey line has been established on the ground. The project location line is established by offsets from this preliminary line.

Delete second sentence in second paragraph and replace with the following:

Reestablish missing reference, control lines, or stakes as necessary to control subsequent construction staking operations

152.03 Survey and Staking Requirements.

(b) Roadway cross-sections.

Replace the first two sentences with the following:

Take roadway cross-sections normal to centerline. When the centerline curve radius is less than or equal to 100 feet, take cross-sections at a maximum centerline spacing of 25 feet. When the centerline curve radius is greater that 100 feet and on straight sections of road, take cross-sections at a maximum centerline spacing of 50 feet.

c) Slope Stakes & References:

Replace section with the following:

Slope stakes and references. When required, locate slope stakes on designated portions of the road. Locate the slope stake catch points and use them to establish clearing limits and slope stake references.

Mark slope stakes with the station, the amount of cut or fill, the horizontal distance to centerline, and the slope ratios.

Place slope reference stakes at least 10 feet outside the clearing limit and mark with the offset distance to the slope stake. Place sight stakes when required.

Prior to clearing and grubbing operations, move the slope stake outside the clearing limit to the slope reference stake. After clearing and grubbing and before excavation, reset the slope stakes in their original position.

Use the designated method to establish the slope stake catchpoint.

· Method I—Computed Method. Use the template information shown in the plans or other Government-provided data to calculate the actual location of the catchpoint. The slope stake “catchpoint distance” provided may be used as a trial location to initiate slope staking. Recatch slope stakes on any section that does not match the staking report within the tolerances established in Table 152-2.

· Method II—Catchpoint Measurement Method. Determine the location of slope stake catchpoints by measuring the catchpoint distances shown in the plans or other Government-provided data.

(d) Clearing and grubbing limits.

Add the following:

Establish clearing limits on each side of the location line by measuring the required horizontal or slope distances shown in the stake notes. Mark the clearing limits with flagging or tags on trees to be left standing, or on lath. Make markings intervisible, and no more than 90 feet apart.

After establishing clearing limits, move the location line stake outside the clearing limits for station identification purposes, and mark it with horizontal distance to location line

(e) Centerline reestablishment.

Replace with the following:

Reestablish centerline from instrument control points. The maximum spacing between centerline points is 25 feet when the centerline curve radius is less than or equal to 200 feet. When the centerline curve radius is greater than 200 feet, the maximum distance between centerline points is 80 feet.

(g) Culverts.

Replace subsection with the following:

Set culvert reference stakes at all culvert locations. Set a culvert reference stake on the centerline of the culvert 10 feet from each end or beyond the clearing limit, whichever is greater. Record the following on culvert reference stakes:

(1) Diameter, actual field measured length, and type of culvert.

(2) The vertical and horizontal distance from the reference stake to the invert at the ends of the culvert.

(3) Station of actual point where culvert intersects centerline.

When required, stake headwall for culverts by setting a hub with a guard stake on each side of the culvert on line with the face of the headwall. Perform this work after clearing is completed.

152.03 (l) Miscellaneous Survey and Staking.

Add the following:

(11) Cattleguards

(12) Drain Dips

(13) Erosion Control Measures

Replace Table 152-1 with the following two tables:

Table 152-1 Tolerances for reestablishing P-line, traverse, and elevations.

A

(Bridges)

10 second rejection limit

0.02ft/1000ftc

20 second rejection limit

0.02ft/1000ftc

1 minute rejection limit

a. Accuracy of offset measurement.

b. Determine vertical closures at intervals not to exceed 2000 ft as measured along centerline.

c. Use greater value.

Table 152-2 Cross section and slope stake tolerances.

Horizontal and vertical accuracy for slope stake, slope stake references, and clearing limits. In feet or percentage of horizontal distance measured from centerline or reference stake, whichever is greater.

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

155.00_nat_us_05_11_2004

155 Delete.

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

156 - Public Traffic

156.00_nat_us_04_17_2007

Delete Section 156 in its entirety and replace with the following:

Description

156.01 This work consists of controlling and protecting public traffic adjacent to and within the project.

Material

156.02 Conform to the MUTCD and the following Sections and Subsections:

Construction sign panels

Retro-reflective sheeting

718.01

Temporary concrete barrier

Temporary plastic fence

710.11

Temporary traffic control devices

718.22

156.03_R04F12- 08_17_2009

156.03 General. Post Type III barricades on the roads that the contractor is scheduled to obliterate during the times that he is obliterating them. .

156.00_nat_us_04_17_2007

Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic or existing access to the roadway surface until a traffic control plan has been approved. The traffic control plan shall show the locations of roads the contractor will be working on, and the location of warning signs that will be posted. Post construction signs and traffic control devices in conformance with MUTCD. All required signs will be in place and approved prior to beginning work on project.

If the Contractor agrees in writing to allow public traffic to use a new road being constructed prior to completion, it will be considered an existing road for traffic control purposes.

156.04 Temporary Traffic Control. Install and maintain temporary traffic control devices adjacent to and within the project as required by the approved traffic control plan and the MUTCD. Install and maintain traffic control devices as follows:

(a) Furnish and install traffic control devices before the start of construction operations.

(b) All detours outside of clearing limits will be approved in writing by the Contracting Officer as part of the traffic control plan.

(c) Install only those traffic control devices needed for each stage or phase.

(d) Relocate temporary traffic control devices as necessary.

(e) Remove devices that no longer apply to the existing conditions.

(f) Immediately replace any device that is lost, stolen, destroyed, or inoperative.

(g) Keep temporary traffic control devices clean.

(h) Remove all temporary traffic control devices upon contract completion or when approved.

(i) When required, use flaggers certified by the American Traffic Safety Services Association, the National Safety Council, the International Municipal Signal Association, a state agency, or other acceptable organization. Perform the work described under MUTCD Part 6. Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective sheeting on flagger paddles. Do not use flags. Flaggers must wear high visibility safety apparel as required by MUTCD 6E.02.

156.05 Temporary Closures.

Prior to closing roads during construction, give written notice to the Contracting Officer at least 10 days in advance.

156.06 Acceptance. Public traffic work will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement and Payment

156.07 Do not measure Public Traffic for payment. Compensation is made as an indirect payment.

157 - Soil Erosion Control

157.03_nat_us_02_24_2005

157.03 General

Delete the entire subsection and replace with the following:

Prior to the start of construction, submit a written plan that provides permanent and temporary erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation during and after construction. Do not begin work until the necessary controls for that particular phase of work have been implemented. Do not modify the type, size, or location of any control. Submit the erosion control plan proposal at least 14 days before operations begin to the Contracting Officer for approval.

Incorporate all permanent erosion control features into the project at the earliest practicable time, as outlined in the approved plan.

When erosion control measures are not functioning as intended, immediately take corrective action.

157.03_Forest_4_16_2009

The erosion control plan shall include all necessary measures to protect resources and government improvements. The plan shall include, but is not limited to the following:

1. The construction activities and sequence of implementation relating to specific erosion control measures.

2. The location and type of PERMANENT controls to be implemented during construction.

3. The location and type of TEMPORARY controls to be implemented during construction.

4. A detailed dewatering plan to construct the diversion described by Section 157.09. Water shall be conveyed around the construction area via rigid pipe or some other means capable of containing both the flow anticipated during the operating season and higher flows in the event of a storm.

Flow will be diverted with pumps or structures such as cofferdams, constructed of non-erodible material, such as sandbags, bladder bags, or other means that divert water. Diversion dams will not be constructed with material mined from the stream or floodplain.

In perennial channels, the reconstructed stream channel will be “pre-washed” into a reach equipped with sediment capture devices such as Sedimat, prior to reintroduction of flow to the stream.

The construction site will be rewatered slowly to prevent loss of surface water downstream as the construction site streambed absorbs water and to minimize a sudden increase in turbidity.

In-channel sediment abatement barriers such as Sedimat will capture sediment that is liberated during rewatering of dewatered channels, barriers will be appropriately cleaned out and removed, and captured sediment will be disposed of so it is not reintroduced into stream channels. Such barriers shall be maintained throughout the related construction and removed only when construction is complete and erosion control is assured.

5. The location of each temporary stockpile site for the excavated material, and location of erosion control measures to prevent sediment from washing off of stockpile.

6. A supply of erosion control materials (e.g. silt fence and straw bales) will be kept on hand to respond to sediment emergencies. Sterile straw or certified “weed free” straw will be used to prevent introduction of noxious weeds.

Add to the third paragraph:

Upon completion of construction at the site, the contractor shall remove all temporary dewatering materials and equipment from Government property. This includes items such as pumps, pipes and hoses and sandbags.

Add the following:

The Contractor shall adhere to the following practices:

a) In order to protect aquatic organisms, install screens on the intake of pumps with opening of 3/32 inch.

b) Construct the Dewatering and Sediment Control according to the Contractor’s approved plan.

c) Maintain the roads and stockpiles of material in a manner that prevents direct entry of sediment into the stream, by either preventing the erosion of sediments or collecting the sediments before it reaches the stream.

d) Construct permanent and temporary control features to intercept sediments. A settling basin will be constructed, or a portable one used, that is able to handle the volume of water anticipated, and that provides filtering capability. Dewatering of the excavation site, (of ground water from the excavation) will be done by pumping water to the settling basin and the basin shall be cleaned out when full of sediments. .

e) Any sanitation facilities established by the Contractor shall be located as designated by the CO.

f) All project operations will cease, except efforts to minimize storm or high flow erosion, under precipitation and high flow conditions that result in uncontrollable erosion in the construction area.

157.13 Maintenance and cleanup.

Delete the third paragraph and insert the following:

Erosion control materials such as hay bales and silt fences will be removed by a Forest Service hydrologist or soil scientist when the sites have revegetated. .

171 - Weed and Disease Prevention

171.00_nat_us_03_30_2005

Description

171.01 This work consists of washing and treating construction equipment to remove seeds, plants, and plant fragments from the equipment before the equipment is used on National Forest System lands.

171.02 Conform to the following Subsection:

Water

725.01

Construction Requirements

171.03 General . Notify the CO in writing at least 15 days before moving any construction equipment onto National Forest System lands. Construction equipment does not include cars, pickup trucks, and other vehicles that regularly travel between the construction site and areas outside of National Forest System lands.

Perform all work at a location designated on the plans or other locations approved in writing. Provide the CO with an opportunity to monitor the washing and inspection.

171.04 Equipment. Use a high pressure washing system.

For work on National Forest System lands, use a washing system that traps all wash water and either stores it for removal from National Forest System lands or recycles the water for continued use. If the equipment recycles the water, provide adequate filters for seed removal. Dispose of the filter material and removed seeds in an approved manner. Do not mix soaps, detergents, or other chemicals with the wash water.

For work at a commercial washing facility, use an approved facility.

171.05 Washing. Wash the sides, tops, and undercarriages of all construction equipment. Remove all seeds, plants, plant fragments, dirt, and debris from the construction equipment.

171.06 Inspection. Inspect the washed construction equipment, including the undercarriage, to ensure that the washing removed the dirt, debris, and seeds from the construction equipment. Rewash the construction equipment as necessary or as directed.

171.07 Acceptance. Weed prevention will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement

171.08 Do not measure weed prevention for payment.

Payment

171.09 Include all costs associated with the Section 171-Weed Prevention in the unit price for Section 151-Mobilization.

201 - Clearing and Grubbing

201 _ nat_us_2-22-2005

201.04 Clearing. (c)

Delete paragraph (c) and replace with the following:

(c) In areas outside the excavation, embankment, and slope rounding limits, cut stumps to within 12 inches or one-third of the stump diameter of the ground, whichever is higher, measured on the side adjacent to the highest ground. For timber sales, stump heights will meet the requirements of the Timber Sale contract.

201.04 Clearing.

Delete subsection (d) and replace with the following:

(d) Do not cut vegetation less than 3 feet tall and less than 3 inches in diameter, that is within the clearing limits but beyond the roadway and not in a decking area, and that does not interfere with sight distance along the road.

Add the following:

(e) Trim branches of remaining trees or shrubs to give a clear height of 14 feet above the roadbed unless otherwise indicated. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as practicable.

(f) Remove brush from log decks. Deck logs so that logs are piled parallel to one another; can be removed by standard log loading equipment; will not damage standing trees; will not interfere with drainage, and will not roll. Keep logs in log decks free of brush and soil.

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions 203.01_R04F12 _6_08_2005

203.01 Description

Add the following:

The existing corrugated metal pipes shall be removed and disposed of away from Forest land according to all applicable local, state and federal regulations and 203.05(a). Temporary soil erosion control measures shall be in place prior to commencing excavation.

203.01_nat us 06_08_2005

Add the following:

(e) Windrowing Construction Slash. Place construction slash at the toe of the new embankment in neat, compacted windrows approximately parallel to and along the toeline of embankment slopes. Place the windrows no higher than 5 feet. Use construction equipment to matt down all material in a windrow to form a compact and uniform pile. Construct breaks of at least 15 feet at least every 200 feet in a windrow.

(l) Placing Slash on Embankment Slopes. Place construction slash on completed embankment slopes to reduce soil erosion. Place construction slash as flat as practicable on the completed slope. Do not place slash closer than 2 feet below the top of the embankment. Leave stumps on tree trunks and cut off the branches. Set the tree trunks so they are laying parallel to the contour lines.

204 EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

204_nat_us_3-26-2009 Replace Section 204 in its entirety with the following:

Description

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Definitions.

(a) Excavation. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Roadway excavation. All material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except subexcavation covered in (2) below and structure excavation covered in Sections 208 and 209. Roadway excavation includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteristics.

(2) Subexcavation. Material excavated from below subgrade elevation in cut sections or from below the original groundline in embankment sections. Subexcavation does not include the work required by Subsections 204.05, 204.06(b), and 204.06(c).

(3) Borrow excavation. Material used for embankment construction that is obtained from outside the roadway prism. Borrow excavation includes unclassified borrow, select borrow, and select topping.

(b) Embankment construction. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting roadway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing foundation for embankment;

(2) Constructing roadway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Constructing dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable roadway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

Material

204.03 Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material

704.03

Select borrow

704.07

Select topping

704.08

Topping

704.05

Unclassified borrow

704.06

Water

725.01

Construction Requirements

204.04 Preparation for Roadway Excavation and Embankment Construction. Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

204.05 Reserved.

204.06 Roadway Excavation. Excavate as follows:

(a) General. Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits.

Incorporate only suitable material into embankments. Replace any shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of roadway excavation. Dispose of unsuitable or excess excavation material according to Subsection 204.14.

At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the work area to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water.

Retrieve material deposited outside of the clearing limits as directed by the CO. Place unsuitable material in designated areas.

(b) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Backfill to subgrade with topping or with other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11

(c) Earth cuts. Scarify earth cuts to 6 inches below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Compact the scarified material according to Subsection 204.11.

(d) Pioneer Roads. Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excavation. Conduct excavation and placement operations so material to be treated under Section 201 will not be incorporated into the roadway unless specified in the slash treatment method. Maintain drainage during pioneering operations.

Remove snow and ice in advance of the work and deposit beyond the roadway limits in a manner that will not waste material or generate sediment. Do not incorporate snow and ice into embankments. Place snow or ice in a manner to prevent resource damage.

204.07 Subexcavation. Excavate material to the limits designated by the CO. Take cross-sections according to Section 152. Prevent unsuitable material from becoming mixed with the backfill. Dispose of unsuitable material according to Subsection 204.14. Backfill the subexcavation with topping, or other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11.

204.08 Borrow Excavation. Use all suitable roadway excavation in embankment construction. Do not use borrow excavation when it results in excess roadway excavation. Deduct excess borrow excavation from the appropriate borrow excavation quantity.

Obtain borrow source acceptance according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsection 105.03. Do not excavate beyond the established limits. When applicable, shape the borrow source to permit accurate measurements when excavation is complete.

204.09 Preparing Foundation for Embankment Construction. Prepare foundation for embankment construction as follows:

(a) Embankment less than 4 feet high over natural ground. When designated, remove topsoil and break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches by plowing or scarifying. Compact the ground surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Embankments over an existing asphalt, concrete, or gravel road surface. Scarify gravel roads to a minimum depth of 6 inches. Scarify or pulverize asphalt and concrete roads to 6 inches below the pavement. Reduce all particles to a maximum size of 6 inches and produce a uniform material. Compact the surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Embankment across ground not capable of supporting equipment. Dump successive loads of embankment material in a uniformly distributed layer to construct the lower portion of the embankment. Limit the layer thickness to the minimum depth necessary to support the equipment.

(d) Embankment on an existing slope steeper than 1V:3H. Cut horizontal benches in the existing slope to a sufficient width to accommodate placement and compaction operations and equipment. Bench the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted in layers. Begin each bench at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical cut of the previous bench.

204.10 Embankment Construction. Incorporate only suitable roadway excavation material into the embankment. When the supply of suitable roadway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment. Obtain written approval before beginning construction of embankments over 6 feet high at subgrade centerline. Construct embankments as follows:

(a) General. At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water.

During all stages of construction, route and distribute hauling and leveling equipment over the width and length of each layer of material.

Compact embankment side slopes flatter than 1V:1.75H with a tamping type roller or by walking with a dozer. For slopes 1V:1.75H or steeper, compact the slopes as construction of the embankment progresses.

Where placing embankment on one side of abutments, wing walls, piers, or culvert headwalls, compact the material using methods that prevent excessive pressure against the structure.

Where placing embankment material on both sides of a concrete wall or box structure, conduct operations so compacted embankment material is at the same elevation on both sides of the structure.

Where structural pilings are placed in embankment locations, limit the maximum particle size to 4 inches.

(b) Embankment within the roadway prism. Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches in compacted thickness. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 12-inch layers by reducing them in size or placing them individually as required by (c) below. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

Material composed predominately of boulders or rock fragments too large for 12‑inch layers may be placed in layers up to 24 inches thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 24-inch layer by reducing them in size or placing them individually according to (c) below. Place sufficient earth and smaller rocks to fill the voids. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

(c) Individual rock fragments and boulders. Place individual rock fragments and boulders greater than 24 inches in diameter as follows:

(1) Reduce rock to less than 48 inches in the largest dimension.

(2) Distribute rock within the embankment to prevent nesting.

(3) Place layers of embankment material around each rock to a depth not greater than that permitted by (b) above. Fill all the voids between rocks.

(4) Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

(d) Embankment outside of roadway prism. Where placing embankment outside the staked roadway prism, place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 24 inches in compacted thickness. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.

204.11 Compaction. Compact the embankment using one of the following methods as specified:

(a) Compaction A. Use AASHTO T 27 to determine the amount of material retained on a Number 4 sieve. If there is more than 80 percent retained on the No. 4 sieve use procedure (1). If there is 50 to 80 percent retained on the No. 4 sieve use procedure (2). If there is less than 50 percent retained on the No. 4 sieve use procedure (3).

(1) Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical. Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6feet per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet per second. Compact each layer of material full width with one of the following and until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation.

(a) Four roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 40,000 pounds impact per vibration and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute.

(b) Eight roller passes of a 20-ton compression-type roller.

(c) Eight roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds impact per vibration and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute.

Increase the compactive effort for layers deeper than 12 inches as follows:

( For each additional 6 inches or fraction thereof, increase the number of roller passes in (a) above by four passes.

( For each additional 6 inches or fraction thereof, increase the number of roller passes in (b) and (c) above, by eight passes.

(2) Use AASHTO T 99 to determine the optimum moisture content of the portion of the material passing a No. 4 sieve. Multiply this number by the percentage of material passing a No. 4 sieve, and add 2 percent to determine the optimum moisture content of the material. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet per second. Compact each layer of material full width according to (1) above.

(3) Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. For material classified A-1 or A-2-4, determine the maximum density according to AASHTO T 180, method D. For other material classifications, determine the optimum moisture content and maximum density according to AASHTO T 99, method C.

Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A‑6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type or vibratory rollers. Compact each layer of material full width to at least 95 percent of the maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures. When required, use AASHTO T 224 to correct for coarse particles.

(b) Compaction B. Place material by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Adjust the moisture content of the material to obtain a mass that will not visibly deflect under the load of the hauling and spreading equipment. Operate compaction equipment over the full width of each layer until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation or, if when a sheepsfoot roller is used, the roller “walks out” of the layer. Make at least three complete passes.

(c) Compaction C. Place material by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Level and smooth each embankment layer before placing the next layers. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer. Construct a solid embankment with adequate compaction by working smaller rock and fines in with the larger rocks to fill the voids, and by operating hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer as the embankment is constructed.

204.12 Ditches. Slope, grade, and shape ditches. Remove all projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all ditches in an open condition and free from leaves, sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow. Place all excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel, ditcher, or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete slopes, ditches, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave all earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in (b) below, with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of all slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale all rock slopes. Slope rounding is not required on tolerance class D though M roads.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material, and repair or restore all damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped slopes. Where required by the contract, construct steps on slopes of 1⅓V:1H to 1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains nonrippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock. Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(c) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Finish the roadbed to be smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed and replace it with suitable material. Finish roadbeds to the tolerance class shown in table 204-2.Ensure that the subgrade is visibly moist during shaping and dressing. Scarify to 6 inches below the bottom of low sections, holes, cracks, or depressions and bring back to grade with suitable material. Maintain proper ditch drainage.

For surfaced roads, remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the roadbed.

For unsurfaced roads, use one of the following methods to finish the roadbed:

(1) Method A. Remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the roadbed and replace with suitable material.

(2) Method B. Use a vibratory grid roller or approved equal with a minimum weight of 10 tons. Roll at least 5 full-width passes or until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation.

(3) Method C. For roads designated as Construction Tolerance Class K, L, or M, finish the roadbed by spreading the excavation. Eliminate rock berms.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material at designated sites or legally off of the project.

When there is a pay item for waste, shape and compact the waste material in its final location. Do not mix clearing or other material not subject to payment with the waste material.

204.15 Acceptance. See Table 204-1 for sampling and testing requirements.

204.15_R04F12_3-26-2009 When embankment construction method C or B is specified, no compaction testing is required. The Beaver Creek Roads specifies method C Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

204_nat_us_3-26-2009 Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Clearing and removal of obstructions will be evaluated under Sections 201 and 203.

Measurement

204.16 Measure the Section 204 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable.

(a) Roadway excavation. Measure roadway excavation in its original position as follows:

(1) Include the following volumes in roadway excavation:

(a) Roadway prism excavation;

(b) Rock material excavated and removed from below subgrade in cut sections;

(c) Unsuitable material below subgrade and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not shown in the bid schedule;

(d) Ditches, except furrow ditches measured under a separate bid item;

(eTopsoil;

(f) Borrow material used in the work when a pay item for borrow is not shown in the bid schedule;

(g) Loose scattered rocks removed and placed as required within the roadway;

(h) Conserved material taken from stockpiles and used in Section 204 work; and

(i) Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor's method of operation.

(2) Do not include the following in roadway excavation:

(a) Overburden and other spoil material from borrow sources;

(b) Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excavation;

(c) Water or other liquid material;

(d) Material used for purposes other than required;

(e) Roadbed material scarified in place and not removed;

(f) Material excavated when stepping cut slopes;

(g) Material excavated when rounding cut slopes;

(h) Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

(i) Material excavated when benching for embankments;

(j) Slide or slipout material attributable to the Contractor's method of operation;

(k) Conserved material taken from stockpiles constructed at the option of the Contractor; and

(l) Material excavated outside the established slope limits.

(3) When both roadway excavation and embankment construction pay items are shown in the bid schedule, measure the following as roadway excavation only:

(a) Unsuitable material below subgrade in cuts and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not shown in the bid schedule;

(b) Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor’s method of operations; and

(c) Drainage ditches, channel changes, and diversion ditches.

(b) Unclassified borrow, select borrow, and select topping. When measuring by the cubic yard measure in its original position. If borrow excavation is measured by the cubic yard in place, take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping overburden. Upon completion of excavation and after the borrow source waste material is returned to the source, retake cross-sections before replacing the overburden.

Do not measure borrow excavation used in place of excess roadway excavation.

(c) Embankment construction. Measure embankment construction in its final position. Do not make deductions from the embankment construction quantity for the volume of minor structures.

(1) Include the following volumes in embankment construction:

(a) Roadway embankments;

(b) Material used to backfill subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions;

(c) Material used to restore obliterated roadbeds to original contours; and

(d) Material used for dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms.

(2) Do not include the following in embankment construction:

(a) Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

(b) Adjustments for subsidence or settlement of the embankment or of the foundation on which the embankment is placed; and

(c) Material used to round fill slopes.

(d) Rounding cut slopes. Measure rounding cut slopes horizontally along the centerline of the roadway if a pay item for slope rounding is included in the bid schedule. If a pay item for slope rounding is not included in the bid schedule slope rounding will be considered subsidiary to excavation.

(e) Waste. Measure waste by the cubic yard in its final position. Take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping over burden. Upon completion of the waste placement, retake cross-sections before replacing overburden.

(f) Slope…