dewey_PW_96_specs.pdf

Dewey Road BMP Project Specifications for Construction of Roads

Table of Contents

Section 101 --- Abbreviations, Acronyms, & Terms ……………………..…………….……… 2

Section 102 --- Definitions ……………………………………………………..………….…… 6

Section 103 --- Intent of Contract

Section 104 --- Maintenance for Traffic …………………………………..………………….. 13

Section 105 --- Control of Materials ………………………………………………..………… 14

Section 106 --- Measurement & Payment ……………………………………………….…… 16

Section 161 --- Certification for Quality & Quantity …………………………….…….…….. 20

Section 201 --- Clearing & Grubbing ………………………………..…………….….……… 21

Section 202 --- Removal of Structures & Obstructions ……………….…………….….…….. 23

Section 203 --- Excavation, Embankment, & Haul …………………………………..………. 24

Section 206A --- Structural Excavation for Minor Structures ……………..……..……..……. 31

Section 210 --- Brushing / Clearing & Grubbing ………………………….…..…….…….…. 33

Section 211 --- Barrier Rocks ………………………………………………..………...….….. 34

Section 251 --- Riprap …………………………….………………………....…………..……. 35

Section 304 --- Aggregate Base or Surface Course ……………………..……..………..…….. 36

Section 306 --- Reconditioning Existing Road …………………………..……………….…… 38

Section 601 --- Mobilization …………………………………………..………………….…… 40

Section 603 --- Metal Pipe ……………………………………..………………………….…… 41

Section 625 --- Seeding & Mulching ………………………..…………………………….…… 44

Section 637 --- Equipment Rental ……………………………………………………………… 47

Section 640 --- Road Closure Devices …………………………………………………………. 48

Section 707 --- Metal Pipe ………….……………..…………………………………………… 50

Section 713 --- Roadside Improvement Material ………………………………………………. 51

(November, 2014)

Section 101—Abbreviations, Acronyms, & Terms

101.01 Terms, Organizations, & Standards

These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject, “the Contractor,” is implied. Also implied in this language is “shall,” “shall be,” or similar words and phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever “directed,” “required,” “prescribed,” or similar words are used, the “direction,”

“requirement,” or “order” of the Contracting Officer (CO) is intended. Similarly, wherever “approved,”

“acceptable,” “suitable,” “satisfactory,” or similar words are used, they mean “approved by,”

“acceptable to,” or “satisfactory to” the CO.

The word “will” generally pertains to decisions or actions of the CO.

Whenever in these specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms (or pronouns in place of them) are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: reference to a specific standard, test, testing method, or specification shall mean the latest published edition or amendment that is in effect at the solicitation issue date for Public Works Contracts or the sale advertisement date for

Timber Sale Contracts.

These specifications are divided into the following divisions:

Division 100 consists of general specifications for which no direct payment is made. These requirements are applicable to all contracts.

Division 150 consists of engineering requirements that are applicable to some contracts. Work under this division is paid for directly when there is a PAY ITEM IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

When there is no PAY ITEM IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS, no direct payment is made.

Divisions 200–600 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work. Work under these divisions is paid for directly or indirectly according to Section 106 and the section for ordering the work when there is a PAY ITEM IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Division 700 contains the material requirements for Divisions 200–600. No direct payment is made under Division 700. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Divisions

200–600.

(a) Acronyms. The following acronyms are used in these specifications:

AA Aluminum Association

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACI American Concrete Institute

ADA Americans With Disabilities Act

AGC Associated General Contractors of America

AI Asphalt Institute

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction

AITC American Institute of Timber Construction

ALSC American Lumber Standards Committee

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APA American Plywood Association

ARTBA American Road and Transportation Builders Association

ASTM American Society for Testing and Material

AWPA American Wood Preservers Association

AWS American Welding Society

AWWA American Water Works Association

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CRSI Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute

DEMA Diesel Engine Manufacturers Association

DOT U.S. Department of Transportation

FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FLH Federal Lands Highway (Federal Highway Administration)

FSS Federal Specifications and Standards

ISSA International Slurry Surfacing Association

MIL Military Specification(s)

MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration

MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

NBS National Bureau of Standards

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PCI Prestressed Concrete Institute

PTI Post-Tensioning Institute

SI International System of Units

SSPC Steel Structures Painting Council

WWPI Western Wood Preservation Institute

(b) System of International Units (SI) Symbols.

(c) SI Prefix Symbols.

(d) Slope Notation (horizontal : vertical). Express the slope as the ratio of a number of units horizontal to one unit vertical.

101.02 Abbreviations & Symbols

ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

ACA Ammoniacal copper arsenate

ACZA Ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate

Agg Aggregate

Al Aluminum

AOS Apparent opening size

AQ Actual quantities

AQL Acceptable Quality Level

BMP Best Management Practice

CAPWAP Case pile wave analysis program

CCA Chromated copper arsenate

CMP Corrugated metal pipe

CMPA Corrugated metal pipe arch

CO Contracting Officer

CPF Composite pay factor

CSP Corrugated steel pipe

CSPA Corrugated steel pipe arch

CTB Cement-treated base

CY Cubic Yard

Cubic CY MI Cubic Yard Mile

DAR Durability Absorption Ratio

Dia Diameter

DQ Designed quantities

DTI Direct tension indicator

Dwgs Drawings

EA Each

FM Fineness modulus

Ft Foot

GAL Gallon

GFM Government-furnished materials

Gr Grade

Ht Height ha Hectare

HDO High-density overlay

HDPE High-density polyethylene hr Hour

Hor Horizontal

HSLA High-strength low-alloy

In Inch kg Kilogram kL Kiloliter kL km Kiloliter kilometer km Kilometer

L Length l Liter

Lbs pounds

LF Linear Foot

LS Lump Sum

LSL Lower specification limit m Meter m2 Square meter m3 Cubic meter m3 km Cubic meter kilometer

Matl Material max. Maximum

Mbf Thousand board feet

Mi Mile

MFBM One thousand feet board measure

M Gals One thousand gallons

M Gals Mi One thousand gallons mile min. Minimum

Misc Miscellaneous mm Millimeter

MSF One thousand square feet

N/C Numerically controlled

PG Performance-graded

PI Plasticity index ppm Parts per million

PS Product Standard (issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce)

PVC Polyvinylchloride

Sec Section

SF Square Feet

SQ Staked quantities

STA Station

STA YD Station Yard

SY Square Yard t Ton (1,000 kg) t km Ton kilometer

T Temperature

T&L Tops and limbs

TFE Tetraflouroethylene

Th Thickness

TM Ton mile

TV Target value

USL Upper specification limit

Vert Vertical

VMA Voids in Mineral Aggregate

VOC Volatile organic compound

Yd Yard

W Width

W/ With

W/O Without

WW Woven wire

WWF Welded wire fabric

" Inches

' Feet

Section 102—Definitions

Wherever the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Adjustment in Contract Price. “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Arch. A culvert section, usually formed of bolted structural plates, that is an arc of a circle (usually one-half or less); that is, a bottomless culvert.

Base Course. The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designed thickness placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course. (See figure 102-1.)

Bearings. The portion of a beam, girder, or truss that transmits the bridge superstructure load to the substructure.

Berm. Curb or dike constructed to control roadway runoff water. (See figure 102-1.)

Best Management Practice. A series of water quality protection practices and procedures approved or certified by the State water quality agency under the provisions of sections 319 and 402 of the Clean

Water Act, as amended.

Bridge. A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, a road, a trail, or a railway, and having a floor for carrying traffic or other moving loads.

Bridge Length. The overall length measured along the centerline of road to the back of abutment backwalls, if present; otherwise, end to end of the bridge floor, but in no case less than the total clear opening of the structure.

Bridge Traveled Way Width. The clear width measured at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the bridge between the bottom of curbs or, if curbs are not used, between the inner faces of parapet or railing.

Certificate of Compliance. A signed statement by a person with legal authority to bind a company or supplier to its product. The certificate states that the material or assemblies furnished fully comply with the requirements of the contract.

Change. “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Clearing Limits. The limits of clearing as designated on the ground or on the drawings. (See figure

102-1.)

Cofferdam. A cofferdam is an enclosed single or double wall braced structure with walls sheeted with timber, concrete, or steel, and extending well below the bottom of excavation, when practical. Earthen or rockfill dikes, dams, or embankments are not considered cribs or cofferdams for this purpose.

Conduit. A natural or artificial channel for carrying fluids, such as water pipe, canal, or aqueduct.

Construction Slash. All vegetative material not meeting Utilization Standards, such as tops and limbs, timber, brush, and grubbed stumps associated with construction or reconstruction of a facility.

Contracting Officer (CO). The person with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO. Authorized representatives include the Forest Service Representative, Engineering Representative, Contracting

Officer’s Representative, and Inspector.

Contractor. The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation undertaking the execution of the work under the terms of the contract and acting directly or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

As used in specifications and drawings for specified roads (Timber Sale Contracts), “Contractor” is

“purchaser.”

Controlled Felling. Directing the placement of trees in felling by using wedges, jacks, cable tension, or distribution of holding wood, or any combinations of these, to ensure that trees are dropped into previously cleared areas, or clear of any objects that are to remain.

Culvert. A conduit or passageway under a road, trail, or other obstruction. A culvert differs from a bridge in that it is usually constructed entirely below the elevation of the traveled way.

Curve Widening. Additional width added to curves to allow for vehicle offtracking.

Cushion Material. Native or imported material generally placed over rocky sections of unsurfaced roads to provide a usable and maintainable traveled way.

Defect. A failure to meet a requirement with respect to a single quality characteristic.

Drawings. The documents, including plan and profile sheets, plans, cross sections, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, illustrations, schedules, performance and test data, and similar materials showing details for construction of a facility.

Embankment. A structure of soil, aggregate, or rock material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to subgrade.

Equipment. All machinery and equipment, together with the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance, as well as tools and apparatus necessary for the proper construction and acceptable completion of the work.

Excess Excavation. Material from the roadway in excess of that needed for construction of designed roadways.

Falsework. Any temporary construction work used to support the permanent structure until it becomes self-supporting. Falsework includes steel or timber beams, girders, columns, piles, foundations, and any proprietary equipment including modular shoring frames, post shores, and adjustable horizontal shoring.

Forest Service. The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of

Agriculture.

Government Land. National Forest System lands, and other lands controlled or administered by the

Forest Service or other Federal agencies.

Inspector. The Government-authorized representative designated in writing by the Contracting Officer, Contracting Officer’s Representative, or Engineering Representative responsible for detailed inspection.

Invert. The lowest point of the internal cross section of culvert or pipe arch.

Job-Mix Formula. The percentage of each material in a mixture intended for a particular use.

Laboratory. A testing laboratory of the Government, or any other testing laboratory approved by the Contracting Officer.

Live Stream. A defined streambed with flowing water.

Lot. An isolated quantity of material from a single source; a measured amount of construction assumed to be produced by the same process.

Materials. Any substance specified for use in the construction of the project and its appurtenances.

Maximum Density. The highest density that can be obtained for a specific material using the stated test procedure.

Measurement. Determining and expressing the quantities of work or materials.

Multibeam Girder. A precast, prestressed concrete member where the concrete deck is precast as an integral part of the member.

Neat Line. A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Nominal Dimensions or Weights. The numerical values shown on the drawings or in the specifications as measurements of material to be used in the construction.

Nominal Maximum Particle Size. The largest sieve size listed in the applicable specification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.

Overbreak. Material beyond the neat line of an excavation that is removed in the process of excavation, usually by blasting.

Pass. A pass shall consist of one complete coverage of the surface.

Pavement Structure. Subbase, base, or surface course, or combination thereof, placed on a subgrade to support the traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed.

Pioneer Road. Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Pipe. A culvert that is circular (round) in cross section.

Pipe Arch. A pipe that has been factory-deformed from a circular shape such that the width (or span) is larger than the vertical dimension (or rise).

Profile Grade. The trace of a vertical plane, as shown on the drawings, intersecting the top surface at the centerline of the proposed facility construction.

Project Specifications. The specifications that detail the conditions and requirements specific to the individual project, including additions and revisions to Standard Specifications.

Purchaser. The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Random Sampling. A sample of material chosen such that each increment of a population of material has an equal probability of being selected.

Reasonably Close Conformity. Compliance with reasonable and customary manufacturing and construction tolerances, performing all work and furnishing all materials in “reasonably close conformity” with lines, grades, cross sections, dimensions, and material requirements shown on the drawings, indicated in the specifications, or designated on the ground.

Right-of-Way. A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line

(including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) land, appurtenances thereto, or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for public or private passageway. (See figure 102-1.)

Road Order. An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road

Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Road Template. The shape and cross-sectional dimensions of the roadway to be constructed, as defined by the construction staking notes and the characteristics of the typical sections.

Roadbed. The graded portion of a road between the intersection of subgrade and side slopes, excluding that portion of the ditch below subgrade. (See figure 102-1.)

Roadside. A general term denoting the area adjoining the outer edge of the roadway. (See figure

102-1.)

Roadway. The portion of the road within the limits of excavation and embankment, including slope rounding. (See figure 102-1.)

Schedule of Items. A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, methods of measurement, unit price, and amount.

Second Samples. A sample taken when the initial sample indicates that the material is defective.

Shoulder. The portion of the roadway contiguous to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, emergency use, and lateral support of pavement structure. (See figure 102-1.)

Sidewalk. The portion of the roadway constructed primarily for pedestrian use.

Specifications. A description of the technical requirements for a material, product, or service that includes criteria for determining whether these requirements are met.

Spring Line. The point of contact between arch and footing.

Standard Specifications. Specifications approved for general application and repetitive use.

Station. (1) A measure of distance used for highways and railroads equal to 1 feet. (2) A precise location along a survey line.

Subbase. The layers of specified or selected material of designed thickness placed on a subgrade to support a base course.

Subgrade Treatment. Modification of roadbed material by stabilization.

Subgrade. The prepared surface, including widening for curves, turnouts, and other areas upon which a subbase, base, or surface course is constructed. For roads without base course or surface course, that portion of roadbed prepared as the finished wearing surface. (See figure 102-1.)

Substructure (Bridge). All of that part of the structure below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames, together with the backwalls, wingwalls, and wing protection railings.

Superstructure (Bridge). The entire structure, except the substructure.

Surface Course. The top layer of a pavement structure, sometimes called the wearing course, usually designed to resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and the disintegrating effects of climate. (See figure 102-

1.)

Tackifier. Binder for vegetative mulch.

Target Value. Values that are established according to contract, and from which allowable variations are measured.

Timber Sale Contract. A written contract for the removal of national forest timber.

Tops and Limbs. All woody material including bushes, vines, and portions of trees smaller than the dimensions for timber shown in Subsection 201.03.

Traveled Way. The portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders and auxiliary lanes. (See figure 102-1.)

Turnout. A short auxiliary lane on a one-lane road provided for the passage of meeting vehicles.

Unit of Measurement. The unit and fractions of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF

ITEMS.

Unsuitable Material. The material excavated during roadway construction that is not usable in embankment and must be disposed of, or that can be used only in certain locations or for limited purposes.

Utilization Standards. The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifications to determine merchantable timber.

Figure 102-1.—Illustration of road structure terms.

Section 103—Intent of Contract

The intent of the contract is to provide for the complete construction of the project described in the contract. Unless otherwise provided, furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies, and perform all work required to complete the project in reasonably close conformity with drawings and specifications, and in accordance with provisions of the contract.

Section 104—Maintenance for Traffic

104.01 Roads To Be Constructed

Unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or described in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS, keep existing roads open to all traffic during road improvement work, and maintain them in a condition that will adequately accommodate traffic. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic or existing access to the roadway surface until a plan for the satisfactory handling of traffic has been approved. Specific requirements for temporary closures, detours, part-width construction, and access to adjacent or intersecting facilities will be SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or described in the PROJECT

SPECIFICATIONS. Post construction signs and traffic control devices in conformance with the “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices” (MUTCD). Do not proceed with work on the project until all required signs are in place and approved.

Before shutting down any operations, take all necessary precautions to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections; and provide for normal drainage and minimization of erosion. Leave all travelways in a condition suitable for traffic.

The Government may permit use of portions of the project during periods when operations have shut down All maintenance attributable to permitted use during periods of work suspension will be provided by the Government, except for maintenance needed through the fault or negligence of the Contractor.

The Contractor shall be responsible for any maintenance not attributable to use, or that is necessary during suspensions through the fault or negligence of the Contractor.

When SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or described in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS, road segments may be closed to all traffic during the period(s) when construction is in progress. If any of the listed roads are to be closed during construction operations, give at least 14 days advance notice.

The Truman Creek Road #916 may be closed at Mile Post 7.687 for a period of 1 day to replace the existing culvert with a larger one.

Unless otherwise provided, when construction activity is in progress and total closure has not been provided for herein, delays may not exceed 30 minutes, in order to reasonably accommodate traffic.

104.02 Use of Roads by Contractor

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS, designated in the Road Order, or described in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

Section 105—Control of Materials

105.01 Handling Materials

Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work. Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination.

Do not intermingle stockpiles of aggregate with different gradations. Stockpile crushed or screened aggregate in accordance with Section 305.

105.02 Weighing Devices

105.03 Sampling & Testing of Aggregate

105.04 Certification & Sampling of Asphalt Materials

105.05 Rights in & Use of Materials Found or Produced on the Work

(a) With the written approval of the CO, suitable stone, gravel, sand, or other material found in the excavation can be used on the project. Payment will be made both for the excavation of such materials at the corresponding contract unit price and for the pay items for which the excavated material is used.

Replace, without additional compensation, sufficient suitable materials to complete the portion of the work that was originally contemplated to be constructed with such material.

(b) Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. The Government is not obligated to make reimbursement for the cost of producing these materials.

105.06 Material Sources

(a) Designated Sources. Sources of local materials designated in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS or

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS are guaranteed by the Government for the quality and quantity of material in the source. Determine the equipment and work required to produce the specified product.

Utilize all suitable material in the source. The designation of a source includes the Contractor’s right to use areas SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS for the purposes designated (that is, plant sites, stockpiles, and haul roads). Unless otherwise indicated or approved, no additional operating area shall be allowed. In this case, operate only in the confines of the area(s) designated.

The weight/volume relationship used for determining designed quantities (DQ) of material in designated sources subject to weight measurement is SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Should the designated source contain insufficient suitable material due to causes beyond the

Contractor’s control, the Government will provide another source, with an adjustment in contract price, in accordance with applicable contract provisions.

Designated sources will be available for the Contractor’s use during the periods SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS. Use at any other time will require an agreement with the party scheduled for that period, with the CO’s approval.

(b) Contractor-Furnished Sources. When the material sources are not designated as provided above, or when designated sources are not used, furnish material that produces an end product equivalent in performance to that originally designated. An adjustment in contract price shall be made where the weight/ volume relationship differences between designated source material and Contractor-furnished source material result in a financial disadvantage to the Government. When SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS, complete any pit development specified for a designated source, even when material is not obtained from the source.

Test for quality in conformance with applicable requirements, to establish the equivalency of the end product. Furnish test results and a Certificate of Compliance.

Section 106—Measurement & Payment

106.01 Measurement & Payment

Compensation provided for in the contract is full payment for performing all contract work in a complete and acceptable manner. All risk, loss, damage, or expense arising out of the nature or prosecution of the work is included in the compensation provided by the contract.

Work required by the contract will not be paid for directly unless a PAY ITEM for the work is

DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Work referenced for measurement under another section will not be paid for directly unless a PAY ITEM for the work is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for the referenced section.

Work not paid for directly is considered to be included under the other contract PAY ITEMS.

Unless otherwise shown, work measured and paid for under one PAY ITEM will not be paid for under any other PAY ITEM.

The quantity to be paid for is the quantity DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. No payment will be made for work performed in excess of that staked, ordered, or otherwise authorized.

When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for any PAY

ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

All costs associated with the cleaning of construction equipment shall be considered subsidiary to other items in this contract and the Contractor will not be paid an additional amount for this work.

106.02 Determination of Quantities

The following measurements and calculations are used to determine contract quantities.

For individual construction items, longitudinal and lateral measurements for area computations shall be made horizontally or corrected to horizontal measurement unless otherwise specified. Measurements for seeding, mulching, geotextiles, netting, erosion control blankets, and sodding shall be along slope lines.

The average end area method shall be used to compute volumes of excavation or embankment. However, if in the judgment of the CO the average end area method is impractical, measurement shall be made by volume in hauling vehicles, or by other three-dimensional methods.

Structures shall be measured according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, or as altered by the CO in writing to fit field conditions.

For items that have linear measurements, such as pipe culverts, fencing, guardrails, and underdrains, measurements shall be made parallel to the base or foundation upon which the structures are placed. Pipe and pipe arch culverts shall be measured along center of invert, and arches shall be measured at spring line.

For aggregates weighed for payment, the tonnage weight shall not be adjusted for moisture content, unless otherwise provided in PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS.

For standard manufactured items—such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, and pipe conduits— identified by gauge, weight, section dimensions, and so forth, such identifications shall be considered the nominal weights or dimensions. Unless controlled by tolerances in cited specifications, manufacturer’s tolerances shall be accepted.

106.03 Units of Measurement

Payment will be by units defined and determined according to measure. Unless otherwise specified, the meanings of the following terms are as follows:

(a) Cubic Yard in Place (yd

). Measure solid volumes by the average end area method as follows:

(1) Measure cross sections of the original ground and use with design or staked templates, or take other comparable measurements to determine the end areas. Do not measure work outside of the established lines or slopes.

(2) If any portion of the work is acceptable, but is not completed to the established lines and slopes, remeasure cross sections or comparable measurements of that portion of the work. Deduct any quantity outside the designated or staked limits. Use these measurements to calculate new end areas.

(3) Compute the quantity using the average end areas multiplied by the horizontal distance along a centerline or reference line between the end areas. Deduct any quantity outside the designed or staked limits.

Where it is impractical to measure material by the average end area method, other methods involving three-dimensional measurements may be used.

Measure liquid volumes in accordance with Subsection 106.03(h).

(b) Cubic Yard in the Hauling Vehicle. Measure the cubic yard volume in the hauling vehicle using three-dimensional measurements at the point of delivery. Use vehicles bearing a legible identification mark with the body shaped so the actual contents may be readily and accurately determined. Before use, mutually agree in writing upon the volume of material to be hauled by each vehicle. Vehicles carrying less than the agreed volume may be rejected or accepted at the reduced volume.

Level selected loads. If leveling reveals that the vehicle was hauling less than the approved volume, reduce the quantity of all material received since the last leveled load by the same ratio as the ratio of the current leveled load volume to the agreed volume. Payment will not be made for material in excess of the agreed volume.

Material measured in the hauling vehicle may be weighed and converted to cubic yard s for payment purposes if the conversion factors are mutually agreed to in writing.

Compute measurement using measurements of material in the hauling vehicles at the point of delivery.

Load vehicles to at least their water-level capacity. Leveling of the loads may be required when vehicles arrive at the delivery point.

(c) Each. One entire unit, which may consist of one or more parts. The quantity is the actual number of units completed and accepted.

(d) Acre. 43,560 square feet. Make longitudinal and transverse measurements for area computations horizontally. Do not make deductions from the area computation for individual exclusions having an area of 50 square yards or less.

(e) Hour. Measurement will be for the actual number of hours ordered and performed by the Contractor.

(f) Pound. 7,000 grains divided into 16 ounces. If sacked or packaged material is furnished, the net weight as packed by the manufacturer may be used.

(g) Mile. 5,280 feet. Measure horizontal along the centerline of each roadway, approach road, or ramp.

(h) Gallon. The quantity may be measured by any of the following methods:

(1) Measured volume container.

(2) Metered volume. Use an approved metering system.

(3) Commercially packaged volumes.

(i) Lump Sum. Do not measure directly. The bid amount is complete payment for all work described in the contract and necessary to complete the work for that item.

(j) Feet. Measure from end to end, parallel to the base or foundation being measured, or horizontal.

(k) Station. 1,000 feet measured horizontally.

(l) Square Yard. Measure on a plane parallel to the surface being measured or horizontal.

Where measurement is horizontal, make no deductions from the area computation for individual exclusions having an area of 1 yd or less.

For pavement structure courses, measure the width horizontally to include the top design width and allowable curve widening. Do not include side slopes. Measure the length horizontally along the centerline of each roadway, approach road, or ramp.

(m) Thousand Board Feet. 1,000 board feet based on nominal widths, thickness, and extreme usable length of each piece of lumber or timber actually incorporated in the job. For glued laminated timber, 1,000 board feet based on actual width, thickness, and length of each piece actually incorporated in the job.

(n) Ton. Short ton consisting of 2,000 pounds

No adjustment in contract unit price will be made for variations in quantity due to differences in the specific gravity or moisture content.

Use net certified scale weights, or weights based on certified volumes.

106.04 Methods of Measurement

One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED IN

THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Designed Quantities (DQ). These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project. Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, drawings, and the presentation in the contract. Changes in the number of units

DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS may be authorized under any of the following conditions:

(1) Changes in the work authorized by the CO.

(2) A determination by the CO that errors exist in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) A written request submitted to the CO showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause the quantity of a PAY ITEM to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, drawings, or other data that show how the designed quantity is in error.

(b) Staked Quantities (SQ). These quantities are determined from staked measurements prior to construction.

(c) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurements of completed work.

(d) Vehicle Quantities (VQ). These quantities are measured or weighed in hauling vehicles.

(e) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

106.05 Price Adjustment for Asphalt Materials

106.06 Earthwork Tolerances

Where tolerances are shown in the contract, they are intended to define “reasonably close conformity.”

Make adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment within the tolerances specified in this contract, or shifts of balance points up to 30 m, as necessary to produce the designed roadway section and to balance earthwork. Such adjustments will not be considered “changes.”

Section 161—Certification for Quality & Quantity

Description

161.01 Work. Provide certification that the quality and quantity of construction conforms to the drawings, specifications, and requirements of the contract.

Construction

161.02 Certifications & Measurements. Meet the following requirements for offsite-produced materials and quantity measurements:

(a) Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all materials produced offsite that are incorporated into the work meet the applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or stated in the specifications. Make each certificate apply to a single commodity or invoice. Certify all incidental purchases needed to remedy minor shortages of material.

(b) Quantity Measurements. Make all measurements for computation of quantities for all work items, except those specified for payment by designed quantity or lump sum. Compute the quantities for periodic progress payments; the CO will compute the quantities for the final payment based on measurements taken. All Contractor measurements are subject to verification. Submit all field notes, calculation sheets, and other data used to determine quantities, and certify in writing as to the accuracy of the measurements and computations submitted.

The following format, or one containing the following information, will be acceptable to the

Government:

Road No. ____________________ Contract No. ____________________

Pay Item No. Date Station

Quantity or

Measurement

Measured By

(Initials)

161.03 Records. Meet the following requirements for as-built drawings:

As-Built Drawings. Maintain a set of the contract drawings depicting as-built conditions. Maintain these drawings in current condition, and make them available for review. Indicate all variations from contract drawings in red on the drawings. Upon completion of the contract work, submit as-built drawings to the

CO.

Measurement

161.04 Method. Make no separate measurements for this item.

Payment

161.05 Basis. Payment will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract.

Section 201—Clearing & Grubbing

201.01 Work. Clear and grub; treat timber, construction slash, and debris; and preserve vegetation and objects designated to remain free from injury or defacement.

Construction

201.02 Clearing & Grubbing. Clear and grub in accordance with the following:

(a) Exceptions. Within the clearing limits, clear and treat trees, debris, stumps, roots, and other protruding vegetative material not designated to remain, except the following:

(1) Undisturbed stumps outside the roadway or in embankment areas, provided they do not extend more than 12 inches above the original ground (measured from the uphill side); they are no closer than 24 inches to the finished subgrade or 12 inches to any slope surface, or as otherwise SHOWN ON

THE DRAWINGS; and they do not interfere with the placement or compaction of embankments.

(2) Material in channel changes, rock sections, and ditches that is below the depth of the proposed excavation.

(3) Uncut vegetation less than 1 m in height and less than 3 inches in diameter, that is within the clearing limits but beyond the roadway and not in a decking area, and that does not interfere with sight distance along the road.

(b) Performance. Grub all roots over 3 inches in diameter within the roadbed area to a minimum depth of

6 inches below subgrade. Cut flush with the excavated road surface all roots over 3 inches in diameter that protrude from the excavated slope.

Clear slash treatment areas and treat debris in accordance with Subsections 201.02(a) and

201.05.

Clear decking areas and treat debris in accordance with Subsection 201.05.

Unless shown otherwise in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS, fell trees into the area being cleared when ground conditions, tree lean, and shape of clearing permit.

Use controlled felling to ensure the direction of fall to prevent damage to property, structures, trees designated to remain, and traffic.

Dead trees over 6 inches in diameter measured 12 inches above the ground that lean toward the road and are sufficiently tall to reach the roadbed are designated for cutting. Fell hazard trees or unstable live trees that are tall enough to reach the roadbed, when marked, before felling timber in the immediate clearing vicinity. Maximum stump height is 12 inches or one-third of the stump diameter, whichever is higher, measured on the side adjacent to the highest ground. Leave trees felled outside the clearing limits in place, and treat them no further unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Trim branches on remaining trees or shrubs to give a clear height of 14 feet above the roadbed, unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as practicable.

201.03 Utilization of Timber. Merchantable timber is timber that meets Utilization Standards as

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Conform logging methods and utilization to the following:

(a) Felling & Bucking. Fell trees to minimize damage to merchantable timber and to remaining trees located outside of clearing limits. Fell trees with saws or shears unless shown otherwise in the PROJECT

SPECIFICATIONS. Buck logs to permit removal of all minimum pieces set forth in the PROJECT

SPECIFICATIONS.

(b) Utilization & Removal of Timber. Remove or treat trees that equal or exceed the diameters and minimum lengths SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, and that contain one minimum piece, using the following methods.

(1) Dispose of merchantable timber as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

(2) Limb and deck logs that meet Utilization Standards at locations approved by the CO or

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Deck logs such that logs are piled parallel one to the other; can reasonably be removed by standard log-loading equipment; will not damage standing trees; and will not roll. Log decks are to be free of brush and soil.

(3) Dispose of unmerchantable timber as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

201.04 Pioneer Roads. During pioneering operations, prevent undercutting of the final excavation slope.

Avoid any restriction of drainages while pioneering the road. Keep all materials within the roadway limits unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

201.05 Slash Treatment. Use or treat construction slash larger than 3 inches in diameter and 3 feet in length as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Pieces of wood less than 3 inches in diameter and 3 feet in length may be scattered within the clearing limits.

Measurement

201.06 Method. Use the method of measurement that is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF

ITEMS.

Linear measurements are to be horizontal along the road centerline.

Area quantities are the number of acres within the clearing limits.

Payment

201.07 Basis. The accepted quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM

DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item Pay Unit

201(01) Clearing and Grubbing …………………….……………………………………. Acre

Section 202—Removal of Structures & Obstructions

202.01 Work. Salvage, remove, and/or dispose of buildings, fences, structures, pavements, culverts, utilities, curbs, sidewalks, and other obstructions as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Salvage designated materials and backfill the resulting trenches, holes, pits, or as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS.

Construction

202.02 Salvaging Material. Materials are not designated for salvage.

202.03 Removing Material. Culverts removed and not designated for salvage shall become the property of the Contractor and will be removed from National Forest lands.

Remove structures and obstructions in the roadbed to 12 inches below subgrade elevation. Remove structures and obstructions outside the roadbed to 12 inches below finished ground or to the natural stream bottom.

Prior to removal, place rock and soil material located on the bridge deck, or structure so that it does not enter a stream.

Remove the substructures of existing structures down to the natural stream bottom, and remove the parts outside of a stream down to at least 12 inches below natural ground surface or finished ground line, whichever is lower. Remove portions of existing structures that lie wholly or in part within the limits for a new structure to accommodate construction of the proposed structure.

Except in excavation areas, fill cavities left by structure removal with material to the level of the finished ground, and compact. Place and compact the type of backfill material that is SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS, designated in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS, or approved by the CO.

202.04 Disposing of Material or Structures Not Designated for Salvage. Culverts and barb wire fence and posts designated for removal shall become the property of the Contractor and will be removed from

National Forest lands.

Measurement

202.05 Method. Use the method of measurement that is DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF

ITEMS.

Payment

202.06 Basis. The accepted quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price for each PAY

ITEM DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. Payment will be made under:

Pay Item Pay Unit

202(02) Removal of Existing CMP ……………………………………………….…… Each

202(03) Removal of Earth Berm ……………………………………………………….. Each

202(04) Removal of Barb Wire Fence and Posts …………………..………………. Lineal Feet

Section 203—Excavation, Embankment, & Haul

203.01 Work. Excavate material and construct embankments. Furnish, haul, stockpile, place, dispose of, slope, shape, compact, and/or finish earthen and rocky material.

203.02 Excavation. Excavation consists of the excavation and placement of all excavated material that is not included under other PAY ITEMS listed in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

203.03 Borrow Excavation. Excavate and utilize material from sources SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or described in the PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS. Additional sources of borrow excavation will be subject to advance approval by the CO. Develop sources in accordance with Section 611.

Construction

203.04 Clearing & Grubbing. Clear and grub in accordance with Section 201 before work under Section

203 begins. Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excavation when approved by the CO. Conduct excavation and placement operations so material to be treated under Section 201 will not be incorporated in the roadway unless specifically included in the slash treatment method.

203.05 Pioneering. During pioneering operations, prevent undercutting of the final excavation slope.

Avoid any restriction of drainages while pioneering the road. Keep all materials within the roadway limits unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

203.06 Utilization of Excavated Materials. Use all suitable excavated material in the construction of embankments, subgrades, shoulders, slopes, bedding, and backfill for structures and other purposes, as

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

(a) Excess Excavation. Place excess excavation on adjacent fill slopes or AS DIRECTED BY THE

ENGINEER.

(b) Rock for Slope Protection. Conserve and use suitable excavated rock for protecting embankments.

(c) Conserving Material. Excavated material suitable for cushion, road finishing, or other purposes may be conserved and utilized instead of materials from designated sources. Field drain and dry excessively wet material that is otherwise suitable for embankment before placement.

(d) Excavation of Unsuitable Material & Backfill. Place unsuitable excavated material as SHOWN ON

THE DRAWINGS. Backfill excavated areas with suitable material when necessary to complete the work.

Do not place frozen material in embankments.

Break up rocks that are too large to be incorporated into the embankment or move them to locations approved by the CO. Broken pieces of rock may be placed on the face of the embankment and embedded so they will not roll or obstruct the use and maintenance of the roadbed. Immediately remove any excavated material that inadvertently reaches a stream course.

(e) Conservation of Topsoil. When SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, remove, transport, and deposit suitable topsoil in the designated stockpile areas.

(f) Abandoned Structures & Obstructions. Treat abandoned structures and obstructions in accordance with Section 202.

203.07 Drainage Excavation. Construct catch basins, drain dips, water bars and sags, side ditches, minor channel changes, inlet and outlet ditches, furrow ditches, ditches along the road but beyond roadway limits, and other minor earth drainage structures as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Utilize excavated material in accordance with Subsection 203.06.

203.08 Sloping, Shaping, & Finishing. Complete slopes and ditches before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave all earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in Subsection

203.08(b), with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round the tops and bottoms of all slopes, including the slopes of drainage ditches, where SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Round the material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material, and repair or restore all damage to the work. Bench or key slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped Slopes. Where SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, construct steps on slopes of 1.3:1 to 1:2.

Construct the steps about 20 inches high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut.