Specifications.pdf

Goat Flat Trail Specifications

Contents

DIVISION 100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 101. – TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

Section 103. — SCOPE OF WORK

Section 104. — CONTROL OF WORK

Section 105. — CONTROL OF MATERIAL

Section 106. — ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

Section 107. — LEGAL RELATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC

Section 109. — MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

DIVISION 150 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

Section 151. — MOBILIZATION

Section 152. — CONSTRUCTION SURVEY AND STAKING

Section 156. — PUBLIC TRAFFIC

DIVISION 200 EARTHWORK

Section 201. — CLEARING AND GRUBBING

Section 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

Section 205. — ROCK BLASTING

DIVISION 600 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION

Section 635. — TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

DIVISION 700 MATERIALS

Section 704. — SOIL

Section 725. — MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

DIVISION 100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Section 101. – TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS

101.01 Meaning of Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject, "the Contractor," is implied. Also implied in this language are "shall," "shall be," or similar words and phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever "directed," "required," "prescribed," or other similar words are used, the "direction," "requirement," or "order" of the Contracting Officer is intended. Similarly, wherever "approved," "acceptable," "suitable," "satisfactory," or similar words are used, the words mean "approved by," "acceptable to," or "satisfactory to" the Contracting Officer.

The word "will" generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

101.02 Specifications Format. These specifications are divided into 10 Divisions.

Division 100 consists of general contract requirements for which no direct payment is made. The requirements contained in Division 100 are applicable to all contracts.

Division 150 consists of project contract requirements that are applicable to all contracts. Work under Division 150 is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 109.05 and the Section ordering the work. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Divisions 200 through 600 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work.

Work under these Divisions is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 109.05 and the Section ordering the work. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Division 700 contains the material requirements for Divisions 150 through 600. No direct payment is made in Division 700. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Divisions 150 through 600.

The first three digits of the pay item number in the Bid Schedule identify the Section under which the work is performed.

101.03 Abbreviations. Whenever these abbreviations are used in the specifications, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms.

ANSI – American National Standards Institute AQ – Actual Quantity ASTM – American Standard Testing Methods BATF – Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms CFR – Code of Federal Regulations CO – Contracting Officer CQ – Contract Quantity DOT – Department of Transportation EA – Each FAR – Federal Acquisition Regulations FSM – Forest Service Manual GSA – General Services Administration LF – Linear Foot LS – Lump Sum LSQ – Lump Sum Quantity MUTCD – Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices

NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration RCRA – Resource Conservation and Recovery Act SF – Standard Forms STA – Station USC – United States Code VECP – Value Engineering Change Proposal

(b) Slope notation (vertical : horizontal). For slopes flatter than 1V:1H, express the slope as the ratio of one unit vertical to a number of units horizontal. For slopes steeper than 1V:1H, express the slope as the ratio of a number of units vertical to one unit horizontal.

101.04 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this contract:

Award — The written acceptance of a bid by the CO.

Backfill — Material used to replace or the act of replacing material removed during construction. Material placed or the act of placing material adjacent to structures.

Base — The layer or layers of material placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course.

Bid — A written offer by a bidder to perform work at a quoted price.

Bidder — Any individual or legal entity submitting a bid.

Bid Guarantee — A form of security assuring that the bidder will not withdraw a bid within the period specified for acceptance and will execute a written contract and furnish required bonds.

Bid Schedule — The prepared schedule included with the bid forms, containing the estimated quantities of pay items for which unit bid prices are invited.

Construction Limits — The limits on each side of the project that establish the area disturbed by construction operations and beyond which no disturbance is permitted. Typically the construction limits are the same as the clearing limits, except when additional clearing is required.

Contract — The written agreement between the Government and the Contractor setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and payment for the prescribed work.

Contracting Officer (CO) — An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Contract Modification — Any written change in the terms of the contract. Contract modifications are of the following forms:

(a) Administrative change. A unilateral contract change, in writing, that does not affect the substantive rights of the parties (e.g., a change in the paying office or the appropriation data).

(b) Change order. A written order, signed by the CO, directing the Contractor to make a change that FAR Clause 52.243-4 Changes authorizes the CO to order without the Contractor's consent.

(c) Supplemental agreement. A contract modification that is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties.

Contractor — The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work.

Contract Time — The specified time allowed for completion of all contract work.

Cross-Section — A vertical section of the ground or structure at right angles to the centerline or baseline of the trailway or other work.

Day — Each and every day shown on the calendar, beginning and ending at midnight.

Density — Mass per unit volume of material. Specific gravity multiplied by the unit mass of water.

Drawings — Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the Government by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Embankment – A structure of soil, aggregate, or rock material placed on the prepared ground surface and compacted to subgrade. In the trail world the term “embankment” is typically interchangeable with the term “trailbed”. Embankment also includes the fill material cast off the trail tread and used to make the trail shoulder.

Government — The Government of the United States of America.

Material — Any substances specified or necessary to satisfactorily complete the contract work.

Measurement — The process of identifying the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of an item.

See Section 109 for measurement methods, terms, and definitions.

Notice to Proceed — Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Pay Item — A specific item of work for which a unit and price is provided in the contract.

Payment Bond — The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties and furnished to the Government to ensure payments as required by law to all persons supplying labor or material according to the contract.

Performance Bond — The security executed by the Contractor and surety or sureties furnished to the Government to guarantee completion of the contract work.

Plans — The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of the work.

Professional Engineer — Engineers who hold valid State licenses permitting them to offer engineering services directly to the public, who are experienced in the work for which they are responsible, who take legal responsibility for their engineering designs, and who are bound by a code of ethics to protect the public health.

Profile Grade — The trace of a vertical plane intersecting a particular surface of the proposed trail construction located as shown on the plans, usually along the longitudinal centerline of the trailbed. Profile grade means either elevation or gradient of the trace according to the context.

Solicitation — The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Specifications — The written requirements for performing work.

Standard Forms — Numbered forms issued by the General Services Administration for use as contract documents.

Standard Plans — Detailed plans approved for repetitive use and included as part of the plans.

Station — (1) A measure of distance used for highways, railtrails and trails. A station is equal to 100 feet. (2) A precise location along a survey line.

Structures — Bridges, culverts, waterbars, check dams, turnpike, switchbacks, retaining walls, cribbing, and other constructed features that may be encountered in the work.

Subbase — The layer or layers of material placed on a subgrade to support a base.

Subcontract — The written agreement between the Contractor and an individual or legal entity prescribing the performance of a specific portion of the work.

Subcontractor — An individual or legal entity with which the Contractor sublets part of the work. This includes all subcontractors in any tier.

Subgrade — The top surface of a trailbed upon which the pavement structure, shoulders, and curbs are constructed. Section 101

Substantial Completion — The point at which the project is complete such that it can be safely and effectively used by the public without further delays, disruption, or other impediments.

Substructure — All of the bridge below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of footings of rigid frames including backwalls, wingwalls, and wing protection railings.

Suitable Material — Rock or earth material that will provide stable foundations, embankments, or trailbeds, and is reasonably free of organic matter, roots, muck, sod, or other detrimental material. Suitable material may require drying or adding water, root picking, and other methods of manipulation before use. Suitable material includes the classifications of materials for which the project was designed.

Superintendent — The Contractor's authorized representative in responsible charge of the work.

Superstructure — The entire bridge except the substructure.

Surety — An individual or corporation legally liable for the debt, default, or failure of a Contractor to satisfy a contract obligation.

Surface Course — The top layer or layers of a pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load and resist skidding, traffic abrasion, and weathering.

Traveled Way — The portion of the trailway designated for the movement of forest users.

Unsuitable Material — Material not capable of creating stable foundations, embankments, or trailbeds. Unsuitable material includes muck, sod, or soils with high organic contents.

Work — The furnishing of all labor, material, equipment, and other incidentals necessary to successfully complete the project according to the contract.

Section 103. — SCOPE OF WORK

103.01 Intent of Contract. The intent of the contract is to provide for the construction and completion of the work described. The precise details of performing the work are not stipulated except as considered essential for the successful completion of the work. Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies necessary to complete the work according to the contract.

Section 104. — CONTROL OF WORK

104.03 Specifications and Drawings.

(a) General. Prepare drawings as necessary to construct the work. Drawings include, but are not limited to, layouts that show the relative position (vertical and horizontal as appropriate) of work to be performed, fabrication details for manufactured items and assemblies, installation and erection procedures, details of post-tensioning and other systems, detailed trench and excavation procedures that conform to OSHA requirements, traffic control implementation drawings, and methods for performing work near existing structures or other areas to be protected. Show all the drawing dimensions in United States customary units.

Limit drawings to a maximum size of 24 by 36 inches. Include on each drawing and calculation sheet, the project number, name, and other identification as shown in the contract.

Furnish 2 sets of drawings and supporting calculations for acceptance before performing work covered by the drawings. If drawings are returned for revision, correct and resubmit for acceptance. Allow 30 days per submission for all structures. The review time as specified is applied separately to each drawing submitted. The CO may request additional specific drawings for unique situations in order to clarify layout, construction details, or methodology. If drawings must be resubmitted, the time for acceptance starts over. Obtain written approval before changing or deviating from the accepted drawings.

104.05 Load Restrictions. Comply with all legal load restrictions when hauling material and equipment on public trails and roads to and from the project. A special permit does not relieve the Contractor of liability for damage resulting from the moving of material or equipment. Unless otherwise permitted, do not operate equipment or vehicles that exceed the legal load limits over new or existing structures, or pavements within the project except those pavements intended to be removed.

Section 105. — CONTROL OF MATERIAL

105.01 Source of Supply and Quality Requirements.

Select sources and provide acceptable material.

Material may be approved at the source of supply before delivery to the project. Approval does not constitute acceptance. If an approved source does not continue to supply acceptable material during the life of the project, further use of that source may be denied.

105.02 Government-provided material sources. The Government will acquire the permits and rights to remove material from provided sources identified in the contract.

Perform all work necessary to produce acceptable material including site development, preparation, erosion control, and restoration.

The quality of material in provided sources is acceptable in general, but may contain layers or pockets of unacceptable material.

Stockpile slash and overburden for use after the material has been removed. Spread the stockpiled overburden uniformly over the sides and bottom of the mined area. Shape the mined area to blend into the surrounding natural terrain. Place slash on the area. Do not seed.

105.03 Material Source Management. Control erosion so that sediment does not leave the work area.

Section 106. — ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements. References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authorities refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicitation for bids. Perform work according to the contract requirements. Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sections, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or to these specifications, whichever is stricter. Plan dimensions and contract specification values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any deviations are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor variations from the median zone that are unavoidable for practical reasons.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accepting work are described in Subsections 106.02 to 106.04 inclusive.

The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Section of work. However, work may be rejected at any time it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove and replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted, at no cost to the Government.

As an alternative to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a written request to:

1) Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

2) Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain supporting rationale and documentation. Include references or data justifying the proposal based on an evaluation of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthetics, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposition of the nonconforming work.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are identified by gauge, unit mass, section dimensions, etc.), the identification will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

106.02 Visual Inspection. Acceptance is based on visual inspection of the work for compliance with the contract and prevailing industry standards.

106.04 Measured or Tested Conformance. Provide all necessary production and processing of the work and control performance of the work so that all of the work complies with the contract requirements.

Results from inspection or testing shall have values within the specified tolerances or specification limits. When no tolerance values are identified in the contract, the work will be accepted based on customary manufacturing and construction tolerances.

Section 107. — LEGAL RELATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC

107.01 Laws to be Observed. Comply with all applicable laws, ordinances, safety codes, regulations, orders, and decrees. Protect and indemnify the Government and its representatives against any claim or liability arising from or based on the alleged violation of the same.

Comply with all permits and agreements obtained by the Government for performing the work that is included in the contract. Obtain all additional permits or agreements and modifications to Government-obtained permits or agreements that are required by the Contractor's methods of operation. Furnish copies of all permits and agreements.

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape. Preserve public and private property, and protect monuments established for the purpose of perpetuating horizontal, vertical, cadastral, or boundary control. When necessary to destroy a monument, reestablish the monument according to applicable state statute or by the direction of the agency or individual who established the monument.

Do not disturb the area beyond the construction limits. Replace trees, shrubs, or vegetated areas damaged by construction operations as directed and at no cost to the Government.

Do not excavate, remove, damage, alter, or deface any archeological or paleontological remains or specimens. Control the actions of employees and subcontractors on the project to ensure that protected sites are not disturbed or damaged. Should any of these items be encountered, suspend operations at the discovery site, immediately notify the CO, and continue operations in other areas.

The CO will inform the Contractor when operations may resume at the discovery site. The Rawhide Trail runs adjacent to old cabin remnants. Do not disturb these remnants. If historic mining relics are found while excavating trail tread, stop work in the area. Relics need only be 50 years to qualify as historic.

Most waste from old mines in this area qualifies as historic.

107.06 Contractor's Responsibility for Work. Assume responsibility for all work until final acceptance.

This includes periods of suspended work. Protect the work against injury, loss, or damage from all causes whether arising from the execution or nonexecution of the work.

Maintain public traffic according to Section 156. Rebuild, repair, restore, and make good all losses, injuries, or damages to any portion of the work. This includes losses, injuries, or damages caused by vandalism, theft, accommodation of public traffic, and weather that occurs during the contract. The Government will only be responsible for losses, injuries, and damages to work put in place that was caused by declared enemies and terrorists of the Government and cataclysmic natural phenomenon such as tornadoes, earthquakes, major floods, and other officially declared natural disasters. The Government will only be responsible for costs attributable to repairing or replacing damaged work. The Government will not be responsible for delay costs, impact costs, or extended overhead costs.

107.07 Furnishing Right-of-Way. The Government will obtain all right-of-way.

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety. Observe rules and regulations of Federal, State, and local health officials. Do not permit any worker to work in surroundings or under conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous.

Admit any OSHA inspector or other legally responsible official involved in safety and health administration to the project work site upon presentation of proper credentials.

Report accidents on forms furnished by the Government or, with prior approval, on forms used to report accidents to other agencies or insurance carriers. Maintain a "Log of Work Related Injuries and Illnesses," OSHA Form 300, and make it available for inspection.

107.10 Environmental Protection. Do not operate mechanized equipment or discharge or otherwise place any material within the wetted perimeter of any waters of the U.S. within the scope of the Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1251 et seq.). This includes wetlands unless authorized by a permit issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers according to 33 USC § 1344, and the Montana State 124 Permit. In the event of an unauthorized discharge:

(a) Immediately prevent further contamination;

(b) Immediately notify appropriate authorities; and

(c) Mitigate damages as required.

Comply with the terms and conditions of any permits that are issued for the performance of work within the wetted perimeter of the waters of the U.S. Separate work areas, including material sources, by the use of a dike or other suitable barrier that prevents sediment, petroleum products, chemicals, or other liquid or solid material from entering the waters of the U.S. Use care in constructing and removing the barriers to avoid any discharge of material into, or the siltation of, the water. Remove and properly dispose of the sediment or other material collected by the barrier.

Repair leaks on equipment immediately. Do not use equipment that is leaking. Keep a supply of acceptable absorbent materials at the job site in the event of spills. Acceptable absorbent materials are those that are manufactured specifically for the containment and clean up of hazardous materials.

Section 109. — MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

109.01 Measurement of Work. Take and record measurements and perform calculations to determine pay quantities for invoicing for work performed.

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions. Unless otherwise specified, the following terms are defined as follows:

(a) Design quantity. The quantity to be paid is the quantity shown in the bid schedule. The contract quantity will be adjusted for authorized changes that affect the quantity or for errors made in computing this quantity. If there is evidence that a quantity specified as a contract quantity is incorrect, submit calculations, drawings, or other evidence indicating why the quantity is in error and request, in writing, that the quantity be adjusted when the quantity in error is 15% from the original amount.

(b) Each. One entire unit. The quantity is the actual number of units completed and accepted.

(c) Linear foot. As applicable, measure the work along its length from end-to-end; parallel to the base or foundation; along the top; along the front face; or along the invert. Do not measure overlaps.

(d) Lump sum. Do not measure directly. The bid amount is complete payment for all work described in the contract and necessary to complete the work for that item. The quantity is designated as "All." Estimated quantities of lump sum work shown in the contract are approximate.

109.05 Scope of Payment. Payment for all contract work is provided, either directly or indirectly, under the pay items shown in the bid schedule.

(a) Direct payment. Payment is provided directly under a pay item shown in the bid schedule when one of the following applies:

(1) The work is measured in the Measurement Subsection of the Section ordering the work, and the bid schedule contains a pay item for the work from the Section ordering the work.

(2) The Measurement Subsection, of the Section ordering the work, references another Section for measuring the work and the bid schedule contains a pay item for the work from the referenced Section.

(b) Indirect payment. Work for which direct payment is not provided is a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor. Payment for such work is indirectly included under other pay items shown in the bid schedule. This includes instances when the Section ordering the work references another Section for performing the work and the work is not referenced in the Measurement Subsection of the Section ordering the work.

Compensation provided by the pay items included in the contract bid schedule is full payment for performing all contract work in a complete and acceptable manner. All risk, loss, damage, or expense arising out of the nature or prosecution of the work is included in the compensation provided by the contract pay items. Work measured and paid for under one pay item will not be paid for under any other pay item.

The quantities shown in the bid schedule are approximate unless designated as a contract quantity.

Limit pay quantities to the quantities staked, ordered, or otherwise authorized before performing the work. Payment will be made for the actual quantities of work performed and accepted or material furnished according to the contract. No payment will be made for work performed in excess of that staked, ordered, or otherwise authorized.

DIVISION 150 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

Section 151. — MOBILIZATION

Description

151.01 This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material, and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the obtaining of permits, insurance, and bonds.

Measurement

151.02 Measure mobilization according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

151.03 The accepted quantity, measured as provided in Subsection 109.02, will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 151 pay item shown in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Progress payments for mobilization lump sum will be paid as follows:

(a) Bond premiums will be reimbursed according to FAR Clause 52.232-5 Payments Under Fixed- Price Construction Contracts, after receipt of the evidence of payment.

(b) When 5 percent of the original contract amount is earned from other bid items, 50 percent of the mobilization item, or 5 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less, will be paid.

(c) When 10 percent of the original contract amount is earned from other bid items, 100 percent of the mobilization item, or 10 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less, will be paid.

(d) Any portion of the mobilization item in excess of 10 percent of the original contract amount will be paid after final acceptance.

Section 152. — CONSTRUCTION SURVEY AND STAKING

152.01 This work consists of furnishing qualified personnel and necessary equipment and material to survey, stake, calculate, and record data for the control of work.

Material

Furnish acceptable tools, supplies, and stakes of the type and quality normally used in trail work and suitable for the intended use. Furnish stakes to provide a solid set in the ground with sufficient surface area above ground for necessary legible markings.

Construction Requirements

152.02 General. The Government will set initial reference lines, will set horizontal and vertical control points, and will furnish the data for use in establishing control for completion of each element of the work.

Preserve all initial reference and control points. After beginning construction, replace all destroyed or disturbed initial reference or control points necessary to the work.

Place all stakes on the cutslope of the trail just outside of the construction limits prior to construction.

Leave the stakes in place until after final acceptance of the work.

Remove and dispose of all flagging, lath, stakes, and other staking material after the project is complete.

Measurement

152.05 Measure the Section 152 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

152.06 The accepted quantities, as provided above, will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 152 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Payment for lump sum items will be prorated based on the total work completed.

Section 156. — PUBLIC TRAFFIC

156.01 This work consists of controlling and protecting public traffic adjacent to and within the project.

Material

156.02 Conform to the following Section: Temporary traffic control 635

Construction Requirements

156.03 Accommodating Traffic During Work. Perform work in a manner that ensures the safety and convenience of the public and protects the residents and property adjacent to the project. Due to the nature of the CDNST, no closure will accompany this contract. Blasting operations are be conducted at the least traveled time and must have the necessary lookouts. Accommodate public traffic on trails adjacent to and within the project until the project is accepted according to Subsection 106.07(b).

156.04 Maintaining Trailways During Work. Keep access to forest users on trail reconditioning projects throughout the construction activities. New construction projects do not require allowance for public access.

156.05 Maintaining Trailways During Non-Work Periods. Maintain trailways for public traffic during all periods when work is not in progress. Do not leave equipment on the trail during reconstruction activities. Equipment may be left in the trail during new trail construction.

156.09 Acceptance. Public traffic work will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement and Payment

156.10 See Subsection 109.05.

DIVISION 200 EARTHWORK

Section 201. — CLEARING AND GRUBBING

201.01 This work consists of clearing and grubbing within the clearing limits designated on the plans.

Material

201.02 Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03

Construction Requirements

201.03 General. Perform work within designated limits. Do not damage vegetation designated to remain. Where possible, preserve all vegetation adjacent to bodies of water. Cut vegetation shall be placed downhill of trail tread, outside of the clearing limits. Do not pile brush and downed timber. If cutting above a stream place material between the stream and trail to create a slash filter.

When constructing sections of trail with multiple turns or switchbacks, place slash parallel not perpendicular to trail where possible to prevent users and animals from cutting turns or switchbacks.

Keep branches attached to downed trees between switchbacks to create more of a barrier between the trail sections.

201.04 Clearing. Within the clearing limits, clear trees, brush, downed timber, and other vegetation as follows:

(a) In areas outside the excavation and embankment, cut stumps to within 6 inches of the ground.

(b) Trim tree branches that extend over the trail surface and shoulders to attain a clear height of 10 feet. If required, remove other branches to present a balanced appearance. Cut branches flush.

(c) Cut dead and dying trees that lean into the clearing limits.

201.05 Grubbing. Grub deep enough to remove stumps, roots, buried logs, moss, turf, or other vegetative debris as follows:

(a) Grub all areas to be excavated.

(b) Grub all embankment areas.

(c) Grub pits, drainage structures and ditches only to the depth necessary for the excavation.

(d) Backfill stump holes and other grubbing holes with backfill material to the level of the surrounding ground according to Subsection 209.10. Compact backfill according to Subsection 209.11.

201.06 Disposal. Dispose of clearing and grubbing debris according to Subsection 203.05.

201.07 Acceptance. Clearing and grubbing will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02. Backfilling and compacting of stumps and grubbing holes will be evaluated under Section 209.

Measurement

201.08 Measure the Section 201 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable. Do not make deductions from the area computation unless excluded areas are identified in the contract.

Do not measure clearing and grubbing of borrow or material sources.

Payment

201.09 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 201 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Section 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Definitions.

(a) Excavation. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Trailway excavation. All material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except subexcavation covered in (2) below and structure excavation covered in Section 209. Trailway excavation includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteristics.

(2) Subexcavation. Material excavated from below subgrade elevation in cut sections or from below the original groundline in embankment sections. Subexcavation does not include the work required by Subsections 204.05 and 204.06(b).

(3) Borrow excavation. Material used for embankment construction that is obtained from outside the trailway prism. Borrow excavation includes unclassified borrow, select borrow, and select topping.

(b) Embankment construction. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting trailway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing foundation for embankment;

(2) Constructing trailway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Constructing dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the trailway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable trailway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

Material

204.03 Conform to the following Sections and Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03 Geotextile and Geocomposite Drain Material 714 Material for Timber Structures 716 Rock 705 Select borrow 704.07

Construction Requirements

204.04 Preparation for Trailway Excavation and Embankment Construction. Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

204.05 Conserved Topsoil. Place conserved topsoil on completed slopes.

204.06 Trailway Excavation. Excavate as follows:

(a) General. Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits. Incorporate only suitable material into embankments. Replace any shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of trailway excavation. At the end of each day's operations, shape the work area to drain and compact to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water.

(b) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches below grade within the trailbed limits. Backfill to grade with suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11.

204.08 Borrow Excavation. Use all suitable trailway excavation in embankment construction. Obtain borrow source acceptance according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsection 105.03. Do not excavate beyond the established limits. Ensure that the borrow source is not easily visible from the trail. Camouflage the trail to the borrow pit, and rehab according to Subsection 105.03. Do not line up slash along the temporary trail.

204.10 Embankment Construction. Incorporate only suitable trailway excavation material into the embankment. When the supply of suitable trailway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment. Construct embankments as follows:

At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water. Compact embankment side slopes by stamping with excavator bucket or by walking across the slope until no further settling is visible. For slopes 1V:1¾H or steeper, compact the slopes as embankment construction progresses.

204.11 Compaction. Compact each layer of material full width until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation. Acceptable compaction techniques can include foot and hand tool tamping, or bucket tamping. Do not assume that “usual” foot traffic or dirt bike traffic will do the compaction. Initial compaction after construction is necessary and is required in this contract.

204.12 Ditches. Slope, grade, and shape ditches. Remove all projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all ditches in an open condition and free from leaves, sticks, and other debris. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Slope, shape, and finish as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave all earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in (b) below, with no noticeable break as viewed from the trail. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of all slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale all rock slopes. If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material, and repair or restore all damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(c) Shaping. Shape the trail to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the trailbed.

Remove unsuitable material from the trailbed, and replace it with suitable material.

204.14 Check Dams, Drain Dips, Waterbars, Grade Reversals. Backfill all drainage structures with suitable material, and compact according to Subsection 204.11. Where noted on the trail log, slash filters are considered incidental to check dams, drain dips, waterbars, and grade reversals.

Slash filters shall be a minimum of 10 square feet in size where 50% of the ground is covered with slash and other organic material such as straw. The slash filter shall be located 12 inches from the constructed trail edge on the downhill side of the drainage structure to deter water and prevent channeling.

204.15 Acceptance. Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Rock turnpike will be evaluated under Section 207, and Subsection 705.03.

Measurement

204.16 Measure the Section 204 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

204.17 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work

Section 205. — ROCK BLASTING

205.01 This work consists of fracturing rock and constructing stable final rock cut faces using controlled blasting and production blasting techniques.

Production blasting uses explosives to fracture rock.

Material

205.02 Conform to the following Subsection:

Explosives and blasting accessories 725.25

Construction Requirements

205.03 Regulations. Furnish copies or other proof of all-applicable permits and licenses. Comply with Federal, State, and local regulations on the purchase, transportation, storage, and use of explosive material. Federal regulations include the following:

(a) Safety and health. OSHA, 29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart U.

(b) Storage, security, and accountability. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF), 27 CFR Part 181.

(c) Shipment. DOT, 49 CFR Parts 171-179, 390-397.

(d) Forest Service Manual (FSM) 6745 Explosives and Blasting Materials.

205.04 Blaster-in-Charge. Designate in writing a blaster-in-charge. Submit evidence that the blaster-in-charge has a valid State blaster’s license or other license accepted by the State where the project is located and issued by an equivalent licensing body for the type of blasting required.

205.05 Blasting Plans. Blasting plans are for quality control and record keeping purposes and are to be signed by the blaster-in-charge. The review and acceptance of blasting plans does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for using existing drilling and blasting technology, and for obtaining the required results. Do not deliver explosives to the project until the general blasting plan is accepted.

(a) General blasting plan. Submit a general blasting plan for acceptance at least 14 days before drilling operations begin. Include, as a minimum, the following safety and procedural details:

(1) Working procedures and safety precautions for storing, transporting, handling, and detonating explosives. If the contractor chooses to transport materials themselves in a vehicle, provide all license endorsements for transporting hazardous materials. Black out personal information from the driver’s license including birthdate.

(2) Proposed product selection. Furnish Manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheets for all explosives, primers, initiators, and other blasting devices.

(3) Designated blaster-in-charge. Blaster-in-charge must prove they have all current certifications and shall provide a copy of the following:

• State of Montana Department of Labor and Industry Certified Construction Blaster.

• Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms 33-User of High Explosives permit holder.

205.08 Blasting. Drill and blast according to the blasting plan.

Before drilling, remove overburden soil and loose rock along the top of the excavation to the end of the cut. Cap all holes to prevent unwanted backfill. Use the types of explosives and blasting accessories necessary to obtain the required results. A bottom charge may be larger than the line charges if no overbreak results.

Free blast holes of obstructions for their entire depth. Place charges without caving the blast hole walls.

Stem the upper portion of all blast holes with dry sand or other granular material passing the 3/8-inch sieve. Do not stem the hole with drill cuttings.

Following a blast, stop work in the entire blast area, and check for misfires before allowing workers to return to excavate the rock.

Remove or stabilize all cut face rock that is loose, hanging, or potentially dangerous.

Scale by hand or machine methods as approved by the CO. Leave minor irregularities or surface variations in place if they do not create a hazard.

Halt blasting operations when safety of the public is jeopardized.

Rock blasting work and services will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

205.11 Measure the Section 205 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

205.12 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 205 pay item listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work

DIVISION 600 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION

Section 635. — TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

635.01 This work consists of furnishing, maintaining, relocating, and removing temporary traffic control devices and services as ordered for the control and protection of public traffic through the project.

Advance warning arrow panel, barricade, and warning light types are designated as shown in the

MUTCD.

Material

635.02 Conform to the MUTCD and the following Sections and Subsections:

Construction sign panels 633 Temporary traffic control devices 718.22

Construction Requirements

635.03 General. Install and maintain temporary traffic control devices adjacent to and within the project as required by the traffic control plan, Section 156, and the MUTCD.

Install and maintain traffic control devices as follows:

(a) Furnish and install traffic control devices before the start of construction operations.

(b) Install only those traffic control devices needed for each stage or phase.

(c) Relocate temporary traffic control devices as necessary.

(d) Remove devices that no longer apply to the existing conditions.

(e) Immediately replace any device that is lost, stolen, destroyed, or inoperative.

(f) Keep temporary traffic control devices clean.

(g) Furnish and maintain traffic control devices that meet the "acceptable" standard.

(h) Remove all temporary traffic control devices upon contract completion or when approved.

Signs shall say something similar to “Caution: Trail Construction Ahead”. Signs may be re-used from previous projects.

635.25 Acceptance. Material for temporary traffic control devices will be evaluated under Subsections

106.02 and 106.03.

Measurement

635.26 Measure the Section 635 items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

635.27 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 635 pay items in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05. Temporary traffic control shall be considered incidental to mobilization.

DIVISION 700 MATERIALS

Section 704. — SOIL

704.02 Bedding Material. Furnish material free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material maximum particle size ½ inch or half the corrugation depth, whichever is smaller.

704.03 Backfill Material. Furnish a well-graded, compactable material free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material conforming to the following:

(a) For all structures and pipes other than plastic pipe maximum particle size 3 inches

(b) For plastic pipe maximum particle size 1½ inches

704.04 Structural Backfill. Furnish free draining granular material free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material maximum particle size 3 inches.

704.07 Select Borrow. Furnish granular material free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material maximum particle size 3 inches.

704.09 Bed Course. Furnish porous, free-draining granular material free of excess moisture, muck, frozen lumps, roots, sod, or other deleterious material maximum particle size 1 inch.

704.12 Crib Wall Backfill. Furnish sound, durable, granular material free from organic matter or other deleterious material. Maximum particle size 3 inches.

Section 725. — MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

725.25 Explosives and Blasting Accessories. Only use explosives and initiating devices less than 1-year old. Explosives and initiating devices include, but are not necessarily limited to, dynamite and other high explosives, slurries, water gels, emulsions, blasting agents, initiating explosives, detonators, and detonating cord.