AFP-JSC-EXP-2026 - Attachment C - Environmental Site Assessment 1.pdf

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment

Exploration Park: Zone 3

West Quadrant of West Linkage Road and Second Street

Houston, Harris County, Texas

April 1, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 92247F05

Prepared for:

Straughan Environmental, Inc.

Columbia, Maryland

Prepared by:

Terracon Consultants, Inc.

Houston, Texas

11555 Clay Rd, Ste 100

Houston, TX 77043

P 713-690-8989

F 713-690-8787

Terracon.com

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials

April 1, 2025

Straughan Environmental Inc.

10245 Old Columbia Road

Columbia, Maryland 21046

Attn: Ms. Merilyn Hall

P: (281) 483-3049

E: Merilyn.L.Hall@nasa.gov

Re: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment

Exploration Park: Zone 3

West Quadrant of West Linkage Road and Second Street

Houston, Harris County, Texas

Terracon Project No. 92247F05

Dear Ms. Hall:

Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) is pleased to submit the enclosed Phase I

Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) report for the above-referenced subject property

(hereinafter known as the ‘site’). This assessment was performed in accordance with

Terracon Proposal No. P92247F05 dated December 30, 2024.

We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you on this project. In addition to

Phase I services, our professionals provide geotechnical, environmental, construction materials, and facilities services on a wide variety of projects locally, regionally, and nationally. For more detailed information on all of Terracon’s services please visit our website at www.terracon.com. If there are any questions regarding this report or if we may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Sincerely, Terracon Consultants, Inc.

Blake Harvey Jessica Kemp

Project Scientist ESA Group Manager

Attachments

Jessica Kemp http://www.terracon.com/

Table of Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................. i

Findings and Opinions ........................................................................ i

Significant Data Gaps ...................................................................... iv

Conclusions .................................................................................. iv

Recommendations .......................................................................... iv

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Site Description

1.2 Scope of Services

1.3 Standard of Care

1.4 Additional Scope Limitations, ASTM Deviations, and Data Gaps

1.5 Reliance

1.6 Client Provided Information

2.0 Physical Setting

3.0 Historical Use Information

3.1 Historical Topographic Maps, Aerial Photographs, Sanborn Maps

3.2 Historical City Directories

3.3 Site Ownership

3.4 Title Search

3.5 Environmental Liens and Activity and Use Limitations

3.6 Interviews Regarding Current and Historical Site Uses

3.7 Prior Report Review

4.0 Records Review

4.1 Federal and State/Tribal Databases

4.2 Local Agency Inquiries

4.3 Local Area Knowledge

5.0 Site Reconnaissance

5.1 General Site Information

5.2 Overview of Current Site Occupants

5.3 Overview of Current Site Operations

5.4 Site Observations

6.0 Adjoining Property Reconnaissance

7.0 Additional Services

8.0 Declaration

Appendices

APPENDIX A Exhibit 1 - Topographic Map

Exhibit 2 - Site Diagram

APPENDIX B Site Photographs

APPENDIX C Historical Documentation and User Questionnaire

APPENDIX D Environmental Database Information

APPENDIX E Credentials

Exploration Park: Zone 3 | Houston, Texas

April 1, 2025 | Terracon Project No. 92247F05

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials i

Executive Summary

This Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was performed in accordance with

Terracon Proposal No. P92247F05 dated December 30, 2024 and was conducted consistent with the procedures included in ASTM E1527-21, Standard Practice for

Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. The purpose of this ESA was to assist the client in developing information to identify

Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs) in connection with the site as reflected by the scope of this report. The ESA was conducted under the supervision or responsible charge of Blake Harvey, Environmental Professional. Jessica Kemp performed the site reconnaissance on March 3, 2025.

Findings and Opinions

A summary of findings is provided below. It should be recognized that details were not included or fully developed in this section, and the report must be read in its entirety for a comprehensive understanding of the items contained herein.

Site Description and Use

The site is an approximate 207-acre tract of land located in the west quadrant of West

Linkage Road and Second Street in Houston, Harris County, Texas and is currently improved with a paved area. The site is currently unoccupied.

Historical Information

Based on a review of the historical information, the site consisted of undeveloped and/or agricultural land from at least 1916 until the late 1960s when a paved area was visible on the southeast portion of the site, a drainage feature transecting the northern portion of the site was visible, and an antenna testing array was visible on the northern portion of the site. A northwest trending roadway was visible on the eastern portion of the site from the mid-1990s until the mid-2000s when the roadway was no longer visible. The site has consisted of primarily undeveloped land transected by drainage features and a paved area through the present day.

The north adjoining property consisted of undeveloped and/or agricultural land from at least 1916 until the mid-1960s when National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA) facilities were constructed beyond the undeveloped land. By the early 2020s, development on the north adjoining property appeared similar to the current improvements. The east adjoining property consisted of undeveloped and/or agricultural land from at least 1916 until the mid-1960s when a drainage feature was evident followed by several NASA facilities. By the late 1960s, a continuation of the on-site paved area was evident on a portion of the undeveloped land. The south adjoining

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials ii property consisted of undeveloped and/or agricultural land from at least 1916 until the late 1960s when Saturn Lane was constructed near the southern site boundary. By the mid-2000s, Space Center Intermediate School had been constructed beyond Saturn

Lane. The west adjoining property consisted of undeveloped and/or agricultural land from at least 1916 until the early 1950s when a pipeline and powerline easement were evident. A drainage channel was excavated near the western site boundary in the mid-

1960s and residential development began beyond the easements in the late 1970s. By the mid-2000s, the Houston Fire Station 72 facility had been constructed near the southwest corner of the site.

Previous Reports

Terracon previously prepared a Phase I ESA for Straughan Environmental Inc., dated

May 2023, which was conducted on an approximately 273-acre tract of land, inclusive of the current site limits. At the time of the prior assessment, the 273-acre tract consisted of primarily undeveloped land with the present-day paved area. Terracon did not identify

RECs, Controlled RECs (CRECs), or significant data gaps (SDGs) in connection with the

273-acre tract and no further investigation was recommended at that time.

Records Review

Selected federal and state environmental regulatory databases as well as responses from state and local regulatory agencies were reviewed. The site was not listed in the current environmental regulatory database obtained by Terracon. A review of federal and state regulatory database information identified several listed facilities within the specified search area.

◼ Fire Station 72

Fire Station 72, located on the west adjoining property (addressed as 17401 Saturn

Lane), was identified within the regulatory database as a petroleum storage tank (PST) and a leaking PST (LPST) facility. Review of the Texas Commission on Environmental

Quality (TCEQ) LPST file information indicates this facility historically operated two

1,000-gallon diesel underground storage tanks (USTs) that were installed in 1996 and were removed from the ground in 2011. During UST removal activities, soil samples collected from the tankhold walls and floor did not contain benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), or total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at concentrations above TCEQ Action Levels. However, TPH was identified in a tankhold water sample. The water sample was not further analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the TCEQ requested that a groundwater sample be collected and analyzed. A temporary monitoring well was installed in March

2012 and the groundwater sample contained benzo-a-anthracene at a concentration slightly exceeding the TCEQ PST Program Action Level. Based on the exceedance, the

TCEQ issued the facility LPST ID No. 118810. Review of the TCEQ LPST file indicates the tankhold and fuel dispensers were located approximately 85 feet from the site.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials iii

Three monitor wells were installed in December 2012 and groundwater samples collected from the monitor well located nearest the site (MW-2) did not contain BTEX, MTBE, or TPH at concentrations above TCEQ Action Levels. The TCEQ issued final concurrence with case closure in April 2014. The groundwater flow direction at this facility was variable, but generally towards the northwest. Based on the absence of petroleum hydrocarbon impact in groundwater from the monitor well located nearest the site and down-gradient hydrogeologic position, the closed LPST case associated with the Fire Station 72 facility does not constitute a REC to the site.

◼ NASA Toll

NASA Toll, addressed as 1102 2nd Street, was identified within the regulatory database as a TCEQ PST facility. Review of on-line TCEQ Central Registry information indicates this facility historically operated one 2,000-gallon diesel UST that was installed in 1974 and was removed from the ground in 1993. In an effort to evaluate potential impact to the site, Terracon obtained and reviewed TCEQ PST file information; however, the

PST file was limited to registration documents. No maps or figures were available within the PST file to determine the location of the UST and no analytical results from soil and/or groundwater sampling activities associated with the removal, if any, were available for review. Review of the registration documents indicates the owner of the

UST was Southwestern Bell Telephone Company. The location of the UST could not be determined; however, the client interviewed a current employee of Southwestern Bell

Telephone Company (now known as AT&T), who indicated the UST was likely located near Building 47 (currently occupied by Southwestern Bell Telephone Company and located approximately 0.25 mile southeast of the site). Based on this information, the former UST system does not constitute a REC to the site.

The remaining facilities listed in the database report do not appear to represent RECs to the site at this time based upon regulatory status, apparent topographic gradient, and/or distance from the site.

Site Reconnaissance

The site consists of undeveloped land with a paved area. Based on the site reconnaissance, RECs were not identified associated with the current site operations.

Adjoining Properties

The site is bound to the north by undeveloped land; to the east by vacant land transected by a drainage feature; to the south by vacant land and Saturn Lane followed by undeveloped land and Space Center Intermediate School; and to the west by Houston

Fire Station 72 and a powerline/pipeline easement.

Houston Fire Station 72, located on the west adjoining property, was identified in the regulatory database and is further discussed in preceding paragraphs under Records

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials iv

Review. The pipeline easement is further discussed in Section 4.3. RECs were not observed with the current use of the adjoining properties.

Significant Data Gaps

No significant data gaps (SDGs) were identified.

Conclusions

We have performed a Phase I ESA consistent with the procedures included in ASTM

Practice E1527-21 of Exploration Park: Zone 3 located in the west quadrant of West

Linkage Road and Second Street in Houston, Harris County, Texas, the site. RECs, Controlled RECs (CRECs), and/or SDGs were not identified in connection with the site.

Recommendations

Based on the scope of services, limitations, and conclusions of this assessment, Terracon did not identify RECs, CRECs, or SDGs. As such, no additional investigation is warranted at this time.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 1

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Site Description

Site Name Exploration Park: Zone 3

Site Location/Address West Quadrant of West Linkage Road and Second Street

Houston, Harris County, Texas

Parcel Number(s) 0532780000003, 0532780000004, and 0532780000005

Land Area Approximately 207 acres

Site Improvements A paved area

Anticipated Future Site Use Unknown

Reason for the ESA Lease of the site

The location of the site is depicted on Exhibit 1 of Appendix A, which was reproduced from a portion of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute series topographic map. The site and adjoining properties are depicted on the Site Diagram, which is included as Exhibit 2 of Appendix A.

1.2 Scope of Services

This Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was performed in accordance with

Terracon Proposal No. P92247F05 dated December 30, 2024 and was conducted consistent with the procedures included in ASTM E1527-21, Standard Practice for

Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. The purpose of this ESA was to assist the client in developing information to identify

Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs) in connection with the site as reflected by the scope of this report. RECs are defined by ASTM E1527-21 as “(1) the presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property due to a release to the environment; (2) the likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property due to a release or likely release to the environment; or (3) the presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property under conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the environment.” A de minimis condition is not a REC. This ESA includes consideration of the movement of hazardous substances and petroleum products in any form, including migration of vapor in the subsurface.

This purpose was undertaken through user-provided information, a regulatory database review, historical and physical records review, interviews (including local government inquiries, as applicable), and a visual noninvasive reconnaissance of the site and

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 2 adjoining properties. Limitations, ASTM deviations, and significant data gaps (if identified) are noted in the applicable sections of the report.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a family of compounds that are considered emerging contaminants of concern due to their mobility and longevity in the environment. PFAS has been used in many products including, but not limited to, fire-fighting foam, anti-stick coatings, stain and water-repellent coatings, electroplating, and paper products, among others. On July 8, 2024, the Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) designated two PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), including their salts and structural isomers, as hazardous substances under CERCLA. As such, PFOA and PFOS will be evaluated within the scope of ASTM E1527-21. Please note that PFAS compounds are ubiquitous in the environment and this limited review is not to be construed as confirmation that PFAS compounds are not present in, at or under the site.

1.3 Standard of Care

This ESA was performed in accordance with generally accepted practices of this profession, undertaken in similar studies at the same time and in the same geographical area. We have endeavored to meet this standard of care, but may be limited by conditions encountered during performance, a client-driven scope of work, or inability to review information not received by the report date. Where appropriate, these limitations are discussed in the text of the report, and an evaluation of their significance with respect to our findings has been conducted.

Phase I ESAs, such as the one performed at this site, are of limited scope, are noninvasive, and cannot eliminate the potential that hazardous, toxic, or petroleum substances are present or have been released at the site beyond what is identified by the limited scope of this ESA. In conducting the limited scope of services described herein, certain sources of information and public records were not reviewed. It should be recognized that environmental concerns may be documented in public records that were not reviewed. No ESA can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for RECs in connection with a property. Performance of this practice is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the potential for RECs. No warranties, express or implied, are intended or made. The limitations herein must be considered when the user of this report formulates opinions as to risks associated with the site or otherwise uses the report for any other purpose. These risks may be further evaluated – but not eliminated – through additional research or assessment. We will, upon request, advise you of additional research or assessment options that may be available and associated costs.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 3

1.4 Additional Scope Limitations, ASTM Deviations, and Data Gaps

Based upon the agreed-on scope of services, this ESA did not include subsurface or other invasive assessments, vapor intrusion assessments or indoor air quality assessments (i.e. evaluation of the presence of vapors within a building structure), business environmental risk evaluations, or other services not particularly identified and discussed herein. Credentials of the company (Statement of Qualifications) have not been included in this report but are available upon request. Pertinent documents are referred to in the text of this report, and a separate reference section has not been included. Reasonable attempts were made to obtain information within the scope and time constraints set forth by the client; however, in some instances, information requested is not, or was not, received by the issuance date of the report. Information obtained for this ESA was received from several sources that we believe to be reliable;

nonetheless, the authenticity or reliability of these sources cannot be and is not warranted hereunder. This ESA was further limited by the following:

◼ Requests were submitted to local government agencies regarding documented environmental conditions on the site. Responses from one or more agencies were not received as of the issuance of this report. The absence of this information is not considered a significant data gap.

◼ Terracon requested documentation associated with a subsurface investigation reportedly conducted by NASA on the west adjoining property; however, at the issuance of this report, information regarding the results of the off-site investigation has not been received. Based on the reported off-site location of the investigation and the absence of a documented or reported release, the absence of this does not constitute a significant data gap.

An evaluation of the significance of limitations and missing information with respect to our findings has been conducted, and where appropriate, significant data gaps are identified and discussed in the text of the report. However, it should be recognized that an evaluation of significant data gaps is based on the information available at the time of report issuance, and an evaluation of information received after the report issuance date may result in an alteration of our conclusions, recommendations, or opinions. We have no obligation to provide information obtained or discovered by us after the issuance date of the report, or to perform any additional services, regardless of whether the information would affect any conclusions, recommendations, or opinions in the report. This disclaimer specifically applies to any information that has not been provided by the client.

This report represents our service to you as of the report date and constitutes our final document; its text may not be altered after final issuance. Findings in this report are based upon the site’s current utilization, information derived from the most recent reconnaissance and from other activities described herein; such information is subject to

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 4 change. Certain indicators of the presence of hazardous substances, petroleum products or PFAS compounds may have been latent, inaccessible, unobservable, or not present during the most recent reconnaissance and may subsequently become observable (such as after site renovation or development). Further, these services are not to be construed as legal interpretation or advice.

1.5 Reliance

This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of Straughan Environmental, Inc., and any authorization for use or reliance by any other party (except a governmental entity having jurisdiction over the site) is prohibited without the express written authorization of Straughan Environmental Inc. and Terracon Consultants, Inc.

(Terracon).

Reliance on the ESA by the client and all authorized parties will be subject to the terms, conditions and limitations stated in the proposal, ESA report, and Terracon’s Agreement for Services. The limitation of liability defined in the Agreement for Services is the aggregate limit of Terracon’s liability to the client and all relying parties.

Continued viability of this report is subject to ASTM E1527-21 Sections 4.6 and 4.8. If the ESA will be used by a different user (third party) than the user for whom the ESA was originally prepared, the third party must also satisfy the user’s responsibilities in

Section 6 of ASTM E1527-21.

1.6 Client Provided Information

Prior to the site visit, Sandra Tetley, the client’s representative, provided the following user questionnaire information as described in ASTM E1527-21 Section 6.

Client Questionnaire Responses

Client Questionnaire Item

Client Did

Not

Respond

Client’s Response

N/A* Yes No

Actual Knowledge of Environmental Liens that may encumber the site.

X

Actual Knowledge of Activity Use Limitations (AULs) that may encumber the site.

X

Specialized Knowledge or Experience that is material to a

REC in connection with the site.

X

Actual Knowledge of a Lower Purchase Price because contamination is known or believed to be present at the site.

X

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 5

Client Questionnaire Item

Client Did

Not

Respond

Client’s Response

N/A* Yes No

Commonly Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Information that is material to a REC in connection with the site.

X

Obvious Indicators of Releases at the site. X

*Not Applicable

Terracon’s consideration of the client provided information did not identify RECs. A copy of the questionnaire is included in Appendix C.

2.0 Physical Setting

Physical Setting Information Source

Topography

Site Elevation Approximately 15-20 feet above sea level

USGS Topographic Map, League City, Texas

Quadrangle, 2019

(Appendix A)

Topographic Gradient Relatively flat area with general gradient towards the south.

Closest Surface Water A drainage feature located on the eastern portion of the site.

Soil Characteristics

Soil Type Bernard-Urban land complex and Lake

Charles Clay

Harris County, Texas

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources

Conservation Service

(NRCS) Web Soil Survey

Description

The Bernard series consists of deep, neutral, nearly level to gently sloping, loamy soils on upland prairies. These soils have a loamy surface layer about 6 inches thick underlain by clayey lower layers.

They formed in clayey unconsolidated sediments. A loam is a loose soil of mixed sand, clay, and silt. Typically, this soil is somewhat poorly drained. The surface runoff is very slow and internal drainage and permeability are very slow. The available water capacity is high as is the risk of corrosion to uncoated steel.

Urban lands consist of small areas that have been altered by cutting, filling, or grading. These soils support buildings

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 6

Physical Setting Information Source such as single and multiple unit dwellings, streets, office buildings and shopping centers. These soils have been altered and mixed so as to make specific classification impractical.

The Lake Charles series consist of deep, neutral, nearly level to gently sloping clayey soils on upland prairies. These soils are clayey throughout the profile and have wide deep cracks and intersecting slickensides. They formed in alkaline marine clay. Typically, this soil is somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff, permeability, and internal drainage are very slow. The available water capacity is high. When this soil is dry, deep, wide cracks form on the surface. Water enters rapidly through the cracks, but it enters very slowly when the soil is wet and the cracks are sealed. There is a high risk of corrosion to uncoated steel.

Geology/Hydrogeology

Formation Beaumont Formation

Geologic Atlas of Texas, Houston Sheet, 1982 Description

A heterogeneous formation containing interbedded layers of clay, fine sand, and silt.

Estimated Depth to

First Occurrence of

Groundwater

Approximately 16 to 20 feet below ground surface (bgs). TCEQ LPST ID No.

118810 file *Hydrogeologic

Gradient Variable (generally towards the northwest)

*The groundwater flow direction and the depth to shallow, unconfined groundwater, if present, would likely vary depending upon seasonal variations in rainfall and other hydrogeological features. Without the benefit of on-site groundwater monitoring wells surveyed to a datum, groundwater depth and flow direction beneath the site cannot be directly ascertained.

3.0 Historical Use Information

Terracon reviewed the following historical sources to develop a history of the previous uses of the site and surrounding area, in order to help identify RECs associated with past uses. Copies of selected historical documents are included in Appendix C.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 7

3.1 Historical Topographic Maps, Aerial Photographs, Sanborn

Maps

Readily available historical USGS topographic maps and selected historical aerial photographs (at approximately 10 to 15-year intervals) were reviewed to evaluate land development and obtain information concerning the history of development on and near the site. Reviewed historical topographic maps and aerial photographs are summarized below.

Historical fire insurance maps produced by the Sanborn Map Company were requested from ERIS to evaluate past uses and relevant characteristics of the site and surrounding properties. Based upon inquiries to the above-listed Sanborn provider, Sanborn maps were not available for the site.

Topographic maps:

◼ Seabrook, Texas, published 1916, 1920, 1932, 1”=2,000’

◼ League City, Texas, published 1955, 1969, 1982, 1995, 2016, 2019, 1”=2,000’

Aerial photographs:

◼ ASCS, Photo ID# N/A, 1939, 1944, 1”=500’

◼ USGS, Photo ID# N/A, 1953, 1”=500’

◼ ASCS, Photo ID# N/A, 1964, 1”=500’

◼ USGS, Photo ID# N/A, 1969, 1976, 1983, 1”=500’

◼ TXDOT, Photo ID# N/A, 1989, 1”=500’

◼ USGS, Photo ID# N/A, 1995, 1”=500’

◼ USDA, Photo ID# N/A, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 1”=500’

◼ MAXAR, Photo ID# N/A, 2023, 1”=500’

Historical Maps and Aerial Photographs

Direction Description

Site

Undeveloped and/or agricultural land (1916-1964); a paved area is visible on the southeastern portion, a drainage feature transects the northern portion, and three pad areas with a central structure and an access roadway are visible on the northern portion (1969); testing pads and central structure are no longer visible

(1976-1989); a northwest trending roadway is visible on the eastern portion

(1995); the northwest trending roadway is no longer visible (2005); development appears similar to present-day improvements (2008-2024)

North

Undeveloped and/or agricultural land (1916-1955); undeveloped land followed by

NASA facilities (1964-2018); development appears similar to present-day improvements (2020-2024)

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 8

Direction Description

East

Undeveloped and/or agricultural land (1916-1955); undeveloped land and a drainage feature followed by NASA facilities (1964); a continuation of the on-site paved area is visible (1969-2024)

South

Undeveloped and/or agricultural land (1916-1964); a roadway (present-day

Saturn Lane) followed by undeveloped land (1969-1995); Saturn Lane followed by present-day Space Center Intermediate School and undeveloped land (2005-

2024)

West

Undeveloped and/or agricultural land (1916-1944); a powerline and/or pipeline easement is evident (1953-1955); a drainage channel has been excavated near the western site boundary (1964-1982); residential development has begun beyond the easement (1983-1995); present-day Houston Fire Station 72 and undeveloped land (2005-2024)

Review of the 1969 historical aerial photograph identified three square-shaped areas, in a cross-shaped configuration, on the northwestern portion of the site. A relatively small structure was identified in the central portion of the cross-shaped feature and an access roadway was depicted extending from the feature to the northeast. By 1976, the features were no longer evident on the northwest portion of the site. According to Ms.

Jeni Morrison, Water/POL Program Manager at JSC, the identified feature was a historical antenna testing array. Based on this information, the historical on-site antenna testing array does not constitute a REC to the site.

The Houston Fire Station 72, located on the west adjoining property, is further discussed in Section 4.1.

3.2 Historical City Directories

The Cole and Morrison & Fourmy city directories and Digital Business Directory used in this study were made available through ERIS (selected years reviewed: 1911-2022) and were reviewed at approximate five-year intervals, if readily available. City directory listings were not available or were not listed for the years prior to, between, or after the city directory listings included in the table below. A physical street address was not identified for the site.

Historical City Directories

Direction Description

Site No addresses identified

North No addresses identified

East No addresses identified

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 9

Direction Description

South

17400 Saturn Lane: Space Center Intermediate (2000); Space Center

Intermediate School, Clear Creek ISD (2007-2012); Space Center Intermediate

School (2016-2022)

West 17401 Saturn Lane: No listings (1911-2022)

The west adjoining property (17401 Saturn Lane) was identified within the regulatory database and is further discussed in Section 4.1.

3.3 Site Ownership

Based on a review of information obtained from on-line Harris County Appraisal District

(HCAD) records, the current site owners are NASA, Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., and the United States Government.

3.4 Title Search

At the direction of the client, a title search was not included as part of the scope of services. Unless notified otherwise, we assume that the client is evaluating this information outside the scope of this report.

3.5 Environmental Liens and Activity and Use Limitations

The ERIS regulatory database report included a review of both Federal and State

Engineering Control (EC) and Institutional Control (IC) databases. Based on a review of the database report, the site was not listed on the EC or IC databases. Please note that in addition to these federal and state listings, AULs can be recorded at the county and municipal level that may not be listed in the regulatory database report. Environmental lien and activity and use limitation records recorded against the site were not provided by the client. At the direction of the client, performance of a review of these records was not included as part of the scope of services and unless notified otherwise, we assume that the client is evaluating this information outside the scope of this report.

3.6 Interviews Regarding Current and Historical Site Uses

The following individuals were interviewed regarding the current and historical use of the site.

Interviews

Interviewer(s) Name / Phone # Title Date

Jessica Kemp and/or

Blake Harvey John Herrmann

Environmental

Engineer March 3, 2025

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 10

Interviewer(s) Name / Phone # Title Date

Livette Santiago-

Cardona

Environmental

Engineer

Lucy Fisher Environmental

Compliance Specialist

Jenna Foertsch /

(281) 413-8431

Real Property

Specialist

Nancy Meilahn Fowler

/ (281) 692-8489

Facilities Project

Manager

Raluca Zamfir /

(713) 852-7312

Construction Facilities

Program Manager

Sandra Tetley /

(281) 636-6875 Realty Specialist

Jeni Morrison /

(281) 244-0878

Water/POL Program

Manager

At the time of site reconnaissance, Terracon interviewed the NASA JSC representatives listed in the table above regarding current and historical uses of the site and potential environmental concerns associated with the site. The representatives interviewed by

Terracon indicated they had been associated with the site ranging from 2 to 35 years.

The interviewees indicated that they were not aware of potential environmental concerns

(oil/gas activities, hazardous waste disposal or spills, pipelines, underground storage tanks, aboveground storage tanks, etc.), environmental litigation or liens, administrative proceedings, or governmental notices associated with the site. Ms. Jeni Morrison, Water/POL Program Manager, indicated that the northern and southeastern portions of the site were historically utilized for antenna testing activities. The interviewees indicated they were not aware of previous environmental reports that had been prepared for the site with the exception of the 2023 Phase I ESA conducted by Terracon, which is further discussed in Section 3.7. The interviewees indicated that no changes have been made to the site since the 2023 Terracon Phase I ESA was conducted.

3.7 Prior Report Review

Terracon requested the client provide any previous environmental reports they are aware of for the site. The following previous report was provided by the client to

Terracon for review.

◼ Phase I ESA

Exploration Park: Zone 3

Prepared by: Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon)

Prepared for: Straughan Environmental Inc.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 11

Terracon Project No. 92237183.T2

Dated: May 15, 2023 (revised May 18, 2023)

The 2023 Terracon Phase I ESA was conducted on an approximate 273-acre tract of land, inclusive of the current site limits. At the time of the prior assessment, the 273-acre tract consisted of primarily undeveloped land with the present-day paved area.

Terracon did not identify RECs, Controlled RECs (CRECs), or significant data gaps (SDGs) in connection with the 273-acre tract and no further investigation was recommended at that time.

4.0 Records Review

Regulatory database information was provided by ERIS, a contract information services company. The purpose of the records review was to identify RECs in connection with the site. Information in this section is subject to the accuracy of the data provided by the information services company and the date at which the information is updated. The scope herein did not include confirmation of facilities listed as "unmappable" by regulatory databases.

In some of the following subsections, the words up-gradient, cross-gradient, and down-gradient refer to the topographic gradient in relation to the site. As stated previously, the groundwater flow direction and the depth to shallow groundwater, if present, would likely vary depending upon seasonal variations in rainfall and the depth to the soil/bedrock interface. Without the benefit of on-site groundwater monitoring wells surveyed to a datum, groundwater depth and flow direction beneath the site cannot be directly ascertained.

4.1 Federal and State/Tribal Databases

Terracon reviewed standard federal, state, and tribal environmental record sources within the approximate minimum search distances as required by ASTM E1527-21 and presented in Table 2 of Section 8.0 of the Standard (Types of Government Records to be

Reviewed). Further, to enhance and supplement the standard environmental record sources, Terracon reviewed additional federal, state, tribal, local, and proprietary environmental record sources, provided by the database firm, if potentially useful and reasonably ascertainable. Please refer to Appendix D (the environmental regulatory database report) for the number of listings within each database reviewed and database definitions and descriptions.

Due to conversion of address data to location coordinates and the accuracy of government records, the facility locations depicted in the environmental regulatory database report may not match actual physical locations. As such, Terracon attempted to field-verify the actual distances of facilities of concern from the site.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 12

The following table summarizes the site-specific information provided by the database and/or gathered by this office for the identified facilities. Facilities are listed in order of proximity to the site. Additional discussion for selected facilities follows the summary table.

Listed Facilities

Facility Name and

Location

Estimated Distance /

Direction/Gradient

Database

Listings

Findings

Summary

Fire Station 72

17401 Saturn Lane

Adjoining property / W /

Down-gradient

PST, LPST

No RECs, see discussion below

NASA Toll

1102 2nd Street Unknown PST

No RECs, see discussion below

Johnson Space Center

2101 Nasa Road Greater than 300 feet

RCRA

CORRACTS,

IHWCA, LPST,

CERCLIS,

CERCLIS NFRAP,

SEMSARCH,

SEMS (2), SDA,

APAR, RCRA TSD

No RECs, based on distance

Kut Rite Inc.

Building 326-NASA JSC Approximately 0.35 mile / NE

SEMSARCH,

SDA, CERCLIS

NFRAP, CERCLIS

No RECs, based on distance

Fire Station 72

Fire Station 72, located on the west adjoining property (addressed as 17401 Saturn

Lane), was identified within the regulatory database as a petroleum storage tank (PST) and leaking PST (LPST) facility. Review of the Texas Commission on Environmental

Quality (TCEQ) LPST file information indicates this facility historically operated two

1,000-gallon diesel underground storage tanks (USTs) that were installed in 1996 and were removed from the ground in 2011. During UST removal activities, soil samples collected from the tankhold walls and floor did not contain benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), or total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at concentrations above TCEQ Action Levels. However, TPH was identified in a tankhold water sample. The water sample was not further analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the TCEQ requested that a groundwater sample be collected and analyzed. A temporary monitoring well was installed in March

2012 and the groundwater sample contained benzo-a-anthracene at a concentration slightly exceeding the TCEQ PST Program Action Level. Based on the exceedance, the

TCEQ issued the facility LPST ID No. 118810. Review of the TCEQ LPST file indicates the tankhold and fuel dispensers were located approximately 85 feet from the site. Three

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 13 monitor wells were installed in December 2012 and groundwater samples collected from the monitor well located nearest the site (MW-2) did not contain BTEX, MTBE, or TPH at concentrations above TCEQ Action Levels. The TCEQ issued final concurrence with case closure in April 2014. The groundwater flow direction at this facility was variable, but generally towards the northwest. Based on the absence of petroleum hydrocarbon impact from the monitor well located nearest the site and down-gradient hydrogeologic position, the closed LPST case associated with the Fire Station 72 facility does not constitute a REC to the site.

NASA Toll

NASA Toll, addressed as 1102 2nd Street, was identified within the regulatory database as a TCEQ PST facility. Review of on-line TCEQ Central Registry information indicates this facility historically operated one 2,000-gallon diesel UST that was installed in 1974 and was removed from the ground in 1993. In an effort to evaluate potential impact to the site, Terracon obtained and reviewed TCEQ PST file information; however, the PST file was limited to registration documents. No maps or figures were available within the

PST file to determine the location of the UST and no analytical results from soil and/or groundwater sampling activities associated with the removal, if any, were available for review. Review of the registration documents indicates the owner of the UST was

Southwestern Bell Telephone Company. The location of the UST could not be determined; however, the client interviewed a current employee of Southwestern Bell

Telephone Company (now known as AT&T), who indicated the UST was likely located near Building 47 (currently occupied by Southwestern Bell Telephone Company and located approximately 0.25 mile southeast of the site). Based on this information, the former UST system does not constitute a REC to the site.

The remaining facilities listed in the database report do not appear to represent RECs to the site at this time based upon regulatory status, apparent topographic gradient, and/or distance from the site.

Unmapped facilities are those that do not contain sufficient address or location information to evaluate the facility listing locations relative to the site. The report did not list facilities in the unmapped section.

4.2 Local Agency Inquiries

Agency Contacted/

Contact Method Response

City of Houston Department of Health and Human

Services / by letter

At the issuance of this report, a response had not been received from the City of Houston Department of Health and Human

Services.

City of Houston Fire

Department / by letter

At the issuance of this report, a response had not been received from the City of Fire Department.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 14

4.3 Local Area Knowledge

Oil/Gas Well and Pipeline Review

Terracon reviewed the on-line Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) records (available through the RRC public GIS map viewer and related databases) to identify registered transmission pipelines and/or oil/gas wells on or adjacent to the site. Oil/gas wells were not identified on or adjacent to the site; however, on-line RRC records identified 19 transmission pipelines within a pipeline easement that transects the west adjoining property. Per area reconnaissance, the pipeline easement is located approximately 200 feet west of the site. Based on distance from the site and Terracon’s experience investigating pipeline systems, it is our opinion that the likelihood of a release from the pipelines to have impacted the site is considered low enough not to constitute a REC to the site at this time. A copy of the on-line RRC map and Pipeline Attributes can be found in Appendix D.

Zoning/Land Use Records

According to on-line records, the City of Houston does not have a zoning ordinance.

Water Wells

Terracon reviewed federal and state resources via the ERIS Physical Setting Report

(PSR) to identify registered groundwater wells (public supply water wells, monitoring wells, plugged wells, etc.) on or adjacent to the site. Review of the ERIS PSR identified one registered groundwater well located on the western portion of the site. No information regarding the owner, installation date, installation depth, or plugging activities was available. Evidence of an on-site water well was not observed at the time of the site reconnaissance and it is likely the well is misplotted.

In addition, review of the ERIS PSR identified two monitoring wells and three plugged monitoring wells on the west adjoining property (fire station). The plugged monitoring wells appear to correspond to the monitoring wells identified on LPST investigation documentation obtained from the TCEQ. This documentation is further discussed in

Section 4.1. The two remaining monitoring wells are reportedly owned by NASA Johnson

Space Center and were installed in 2021 to a total depth of 20 feet. According to various

NASA personnel interviewed as part of this assessment, these monitoring wells were installed as part of a subsurface investigation conducted to assess groundwater for potential per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. Terracon requested documentation associated with the subsurface investigation; however, at the issuance of this report, information regarding the results of the off-site investigation has not been received. Based on the reported off-site location of the investigation and the absence of a documented or reported release, the absence of this does not constitute a significant data gap.

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 15

5.0 Site Reconnaissance

5.1 General Site Information

Information contained in this section is based on a visual reconnaissance conducted while walking through the site and the accessible interior areas of structures, if any, located on the site. The site and adjoining properties are depicted on the Site Diagram, which is included in Exhibit 2 of Appendix A. Photo documentation of the site at the time of the visual reconnaissance is provided in Appendix B. Credentials of the individuals planning and conducting the site visit are included in Appendix E.

General Site Information

Site Reconnaissance

Field Personnel Jessica Kemp

Reconnaissance Date March 3, 2025

Weather Conditions Warm and overcast

Site Contact/Title Ms. Merilyn Hall/Deputy Program Manager

5.2 Overview of Current Site Occupants

The site currently consists of undeveloped land; therefore, there are no current on-site occupants.

5.3 Overview of Current Site Operations

The site currently consists of undeveloped land; therefore, there are no current on-site operations.

5.4 Site Observations

The following table summarizes site observations and interviews. Affirmative responses

(designated by an “X”) are discussed in more detail following the table.

Site Characteristics

Category Item or Feature

Observed or

Identified

Site Operations, Processes, and

Equipment

Emergency generators

Elevators

Air compressors

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 16

Category Item or Feature

Observed or

Identified

Hydraulic lifts

Dry cleaning

Photo processing

Ventilation hoods and/or incinerators

Waste treatment systems and/or water treatment systems

Heating and/or cooling systems

Paint booths

Sub-grade mechanic pits

Wash-down areas or carwashes

Pesticide/herbicide production or storage

Printing operations

Metal finishing (e.g., electroplating, chrome plating, galvanizing, etc.)

Salvage operations

Oil, gas, or mineral production

Other processes or equipment

Aboveground

Chemical or

Waste Storage

Aboveground storage tanks

Drums, barrels and/or containers 5 gallons

MSDS or SDS

Underground

Chemical or

Waste Storage, Drainage or

Collection

Systems

Underground storage tanks or ancillary UST equipment

Sumps, cisterns, French drains, catch basins and/or dry wells

Grease traps

Septic tanks and/or leach fields

Oil/water separators, clarifiers, sand traps, triple traps, interceptors

Pipeline markers

Interior floor drains

Electrical

Transformers/

PCBs

Transformers and/or capacitors

Other equipment

Releases or

Potential Releases

Stressed vegetation

Stained soil

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 17

Category Item or Feature

Observed or

Identified

Stained pavement or similar surface

Leachate and/or waste seeps

Trash, debris and/or other waste materials

Dumping or disposal areas

Construction/demolition debris and/or dumped fill dirt

Surface water discoloration, odor, sheen, and/or free-floating product

Strong, pungent, or noxious odors

Exterior pipe discharges and/or other effluent discharges

Other Notable

Site Features

Surface water bodies X

Quarries or pits

Wastewater lagoons

Wells

Other Notable Site Features

Surface water bodies

A drainage feature transects the east-northeastern portion of the site. No evidence of chemical sheens was observed on the surface of the waters, and no noxious odors were noted emanating from within the drainage feature at the time of the site reconnaissance.

6.0 Adjoining Property Reconnaissance

Visual observations of adjoining properties (from site boundaries) are summarized below.

Adjoining Properties

Direction Description

North Undeveloped land

East Vacant land transected by a drainage feature

South Saturn Lane followed by undeveloped land and Space Center Intermediate

School

West Houston Fire Station 72 and a powerline/pipeline easement

Facilities | Environmental | Geotechnical | Materials 18

Houston Fire Station 72, located on the west adjoining property, was identified in the regulatory database and is further discussed in Section 4.1. The pipeline easement located on the west adjoining property is further discussed in Section 4.3. RECs were not observed with the current use of the adjoining properties.

7.0 Additional Services

Per the agreed scope of services specified in the proposal, additional services (e.g.

wetlands review, lead in drinking water review, radon review, vapor encroachment screening, etc.) were not conducted.

8.0 Declaration

I, Blake Harvey, declare that, to the best of my professional knowledge and belief, I meet the definition of Environmental Professional as defined in Section 312.10 of 40 CFR

312; and I have the specific qualifications based on education, training, and experience to assess a property of the nature, history, and setting of the site.