36C25219B0022-0007010.pdf

08-01-17

PROJECT NO: 537-321 04 20 00R-1

CONTRACT NO: VA69D-P-1558

SECTION 04 20 00R

UNIT MASONRY

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes: Concrete masonry unit (CMU) assemblies for:

1. Exterior walls.

2. Interior walls and partitions.

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Sealants and Sealant Installation: Section 07 92 00, JOINT SEALANTS.

B. Color and Texture of Masonry Units: Section 09 06 00, SCHEDULE FOR

FINISHES.

1.3 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

B. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

1. 315-99 - Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement.

2. 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602-13 - Specification for Masonry Structures.

C. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. A615/A615M-15ae1 - Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete

Reinforcement.

2. A951/A951M-14 - Steel Wire for Masonry Joint Reinforcement.

3. A1064/A1064M-15 - Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete.

4. C34-13 - Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall tile.

5. C55-14a - Concrete Building Brick.

6. C56-13 - Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile.

7. C62-13a - Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or

Shale).

8. C67-14 - Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile.

9. C90-14 - Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units.

10. C126-15 - Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units.

11. C216-15 - Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or

Shale).

12. C612-14 - Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation.

13. C744-14 - Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Silicate Masonry Units.

14. D1056-14 - Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge or Expanded Rubber.

15. D2240-05(2010) - Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness.

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16. F1667-15 - Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples.

D. American Welding Society (AWS):

1. D1.4/D1.4M-11 - Structural Welding Code - Reinforcing Steel.

E. Brick Industry Association (BIA):

1. TN 11B-88 - Guide Specifications for Brick Masonry, Part 3.

F. Federal Specifications (Fed. Spec.):

1. FF-S-107C(2) - Screws, Tapping and Drive.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal Procedures: Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES.

B. Submittal Drawings:

1. Fabrication, bending, and placement of reinforcing bars. Comply with

ACI 315. Show bar schedules, diagrams of bent bars, stirrup spacing, lateral ties and other arrangements and assemblies.

2. Special masonry shapes, profiles, and placement.

3. Masonry units for typical window and door openings, and, for special conditions as affected by structural conditions.

C. Manufacturer's Literature and Data:

1. Description of each product.

2. Installation instructions.

D. Samples:

1. Face brick: Sample panel, 200 mm by 400 mm (8 inches by 16 inches,) showing full color range and texture of bricks, bond, and proposed mortar joints.

2. Concrete masonry units, when exposed in finish work.

3. Anchors and Ties: Each type.

4. Joint Reinforcing: 1200 mm (48 inches) long each type.

E. Sustainable Construction Submittals:

1. Recycled Content: Identify post-consumer and pre-consumer recycled content percentage by weight.

F. Test reports: Certify products comply with specifications.

1. Ceramic glazed facing brick.

G. Certificates: Certify products comply with specifications.

1. Face brick.

2. Solid and load-bearing concrete masonry units, including fire-resistant rated units.

3. Structural clay tile units.

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H. Delegated Design Drawings and Calculations: Signed and sealed by responsible design professional.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Welders and Welding Procedures Qualifications: AWS D1.4/D1.4M.

B. Mockups:

1. Before starting masonry, build a mockup panel minimum 1800 mm by

1800 mm (6 feet by 6 feet) with 600 mm (24 inch) 90 degree return for outside corner.

a. Use masonry units from random cubes of units delivered on site.

b. Include structural backup, reinforcing, ties, and anchors.

2. Mockup panel approved by Contracting Officer's Representative set workmanship and aesthetic quality for masonry work.

3. Clean sample panel to test cleaning methods.

4. Remove mockup panel when directed by Contracting Officer's

Representative.

1.6 DELIVERY

A. Deliver products in manufacturer's original sealed packaging.

B. Mark packaging, legibly. Indicate manufacturer's name or brand, type, color, production run number, and manufacture date.

C. Before installation, return or dispose of products within distorted, damaged, or opened packaging.

1.7 STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Store products above grade, protected from contamination.

B. Protect products from damage during handling and construction operations.

1.8 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Hot and Cold Weather Requirements: Comply with

ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.

1.9 WARRANTY

A. Construction Warranty: FAR clause 52.246-21, "Warranty of

Construction."

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PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

A. Delegated Design: Prepare submittal documents including design calculations and drawings signed and sealed by registered design professional, licensed in state where work is located.

2.2 PRODUCTS - GENERAL

A. Basis of Design: Section 09 06 00, SCHEDULE FOR FINISHES.

B. Provide each product from one manufacturer and from one production run.

C. Sustainable Construction Requirements:

1. Brick, Concrete Masonry Unit, Recycled Content: 30 total recycled content, minimum. Select products with recycled content to achieve overall Project recycled content requirement.

a. Post-Consumer Recycled Content: 30, minimum.

b. Pre-Consumer Recycled Content: 30, minimum.

2. Steel Recycled Content: 30 percent total recycled content, minimum.

2.3 UNIT MASONRY PRODUCTS

A. Brick:

1. Face Brick:

a. ASTM C216, Grade SW, Type FBS.

b. Brick when tested according to ASTM C67: Classified slightly efflorescent or better.

c. Size:

1) Modular.

2) Thin Brick: 13 mm (1/2 inch) thick with angle shapes for corners.

2. Building Brick: ASTM C62, Grade MW for backup and interior work;

Grade SW where in contact with earth.

3. Ceramic Glazed Facing Brick: ASTM C126.

4. One Face Exposed: Grade S, Type I.

5. Two Faces Exposed: Grade S, Type II.

B. Concrete Masonry Units (CMU):

1. Hollow and Solid Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units: ASTM C90.

a. Unit Weight: Normal weight.

b. Fire rated units for fire rated partitions.

2. Sizes: Modular, 200 mm by 400 mm (8 inches by 16 inches) nominal face dimension; thickness as indicated on drawings.

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3. For molded faces used as a finished surface, use concrete masonry units with uniform fine to medium surface texture unless specified otherwise.

4. Use bullnose concrete masonry units at corners exposed in finished work with 25 mm (1 inch) minimum radius rounded vertical exterior corners (bullnose units).

2.4 ANCHORS, TIES, AND REINFORCEMENT

A. Steel Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A615/A615M; Grade 60, deformed bars.

B. Joint Reinforcement:

1. Form from wire complying with ASTM A951/A951M.

2. Hot dipped galvanized after fabrication.

3. Width of joint reinforcement 40 mm (1.6 inches) less than nominal thickness of masonry wall or partition.

4. Cross wires welded to longitudinal wires.

5. Joint reinforcement minimum 3000 mm (10 feet) long, factory cut.

6. Joint reinforcement with crimp formed drip is not acceptable.

7. Maximum spacing of cross wires 400 mm (16 inch) to longitudinal wires.

8. Ladder Design:

a. Longitudinal wires deformed 5 mm (0.20 inch) diameter wire.

b. Cross wires 4 mm (0.16 inch) diameter.

9. Trussed Design:

a. Longitudinal and cross wires minimum 4 mm (0.16 inch nominal) diameter.

b. Longitudinal wires deformed.

10. Multiple Wythes and Cavity Wall Ties:

a. Longitudinal wires 4 mm (0.16 inch), two in each wythe with ladder truss wires 4 mm (0.16 inch) overlay, welded to each longitudinal wire.

b. Longitudinal wires 4 mm (0.16 inch) with U shape 4 mm

(0.16 inch) rectangular ties extending into other wythe minimum

75 mm (3 inches) spaced 400 mm on center (16 inches). Adjustable type with U shape tie designed to receive 4 mm (0.16 inch) pintle projecting into other wythe 75 mm (3 inches min.).

C. Adjustable Veneer Anchor for Framed Walls:

1. Two piece, adjustable anchor and tie.

2. Anchor and tie may be either loop or angle type; provide only one type throughout.

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CONTRACT NO: VA69D-P-1558

3. Loop Type:

a. Anchor: Screw-on galvanized steel anchor strap 2.75 mm

(0.11 inch) by 19 mm (3/4 inch) wide by 225 mm (9 inches) long, with 9 mm (0.35 inch) offset and 100 mm (4 inch) adjustment.

Provide 5 mm (0.20 inch) hole at each end for fasteners.

b. Ties: Triangular tie, fabricated of 5 mm (0.20 inch) diameter galvanized cold drawn steel wire. Ties long enough to engage anchor and be embedded minimum 50 mm (2 inches) into bed joint of masonry veneer.

4. Angle Type:

a. Anchor: Minimum 2 mm (16 gage) thick galvanized steel angle shaped anchor strap. Provide hole in vertical leg for fastener.

Provide hole near end of outstanding leg to suit upstanding portion of tie.

b. Tie: Fabricate from 5 mm (0.20 inch) diameter galvanized cold drawn steel wire. Form "L" shape to be embedded minimum 50 mm

(2 inches) into the bed joint of masonry veneer and provide upstanding leg to fit through hole in anchor and be long enough to allow 50 mm (2 inches) of vertical adjustment.

D. Dovetail Anchors:

1. Corrugated steel dovetail anchors formed of 1.5 mm (0.06 inch) thick by 25 mm (1 inch) wide galvanized steel, 90 mm (3-1/2 inches) long where used to anchor 100 mm (4 inch) nominal thick masonry units, 140 mm (5-1/2 inches) long for masonry units more than 100 mm

(4 inches) thick.

2. Triangular wire dovetail anchor 100 mm (4 inch) wide formed of 4 mm

(9 gage) steel wire with galvanized steel dovetail insert. Anchor length to extend minimum 75 mm (3 inches) into masonry, 25 mm

(1 inch) into 40 mm (1-1/2 inch) thick units.

3. Form dovetail anchor slots from 0.6 mm (0.02 inch) thick galvanized steel (with felt or fiber filler).

E. Individual Ties:

1. Rectangular ties: Form from 5 mm (3/16 inch) diameter galvanized steel rod to rectangular shape minimum 50 mm (2 inches) wide by sufficient length for ends of ties to extend within 25 mm (1 inch) of each face of wall. Ties that are crimped to form drip are not acceptable.

2. Adjustable Cavity Wall Ties:

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a. Adjustable wall ties may be furnished at Contractor's option.

b. Two piece type permitting up to 40 mm (1-1/2 inch) adjustment.

c. Form ties from 5 mm (3/16 inch) diameter galvanized steel wire.

d. Form one piece to rectangular shape 105 mm (4-1/8 inches) wide by length required to extend into bed joint 50 mm (2 inches).

e. Form other piece to 75 mm (3 inch) long by 75 mm (3 inch) wide shape, having 75 mm (3 inch) long bent section for engaging

105 mm (4-1/8 inch) wide piece to form adjustable connection.

F. Wall Ties, (Mesh or Wire):

1. Mesh wall ties formed of ASTM A1064/A1064M, W0.5, 2 mm, (0.08 inch) galvanized steel wire 13 mm by 13 mm (1/2 inch by 1/2 inch) mesh, 75 mm (3 inches) wide by 200 mm (8 inches) long.

2. Rectangular wire wall ties formed of W1.4, 3 mm, (0.12 inch) galvanized steel wire 50 mm (2 inches) wide by 200 mm (8 inches) long.

G. Adjustable Steel Column Anchor:

1. Two piece anchor consisting of a 6 mm (1/4 inch) diameter steel rod to be welded to steel with offset ends, rod to permit 100 mm

(4 inch) vertical adjustment of wire anchor.

2. Triangular shaped wire anchor 100 mm (4 inches) wide formed from 5

(3/16 inch) diameter galvanized wire, to extend minimum 75 mm

(3 inches) into joints of masonry.

H. Adjustable Steel Beam Anchor:

1. Z or C type steel strap, 30 mm (1 1/4 inches) wide, 3 mm (1/8 inch) thick.

2. Flange hook minimum 38 mm (1 1/2 inches) long.

3. Length to embed in masonry minimum 50 mm (2 inches) in 100 mm

(4 inch) nominal thick masonry and 100 mm (4 inches) in thicker masonry.

4. Bend masonry end minimum 40 mm (1 1/2 inches).

I. Ridge Wall Anchors:

1. Form from galvanized steel minimum 25 mm (1 inch) wide by 5 mm

(3/16 inch) thick by 600 mm (24 inches) long, plus 50 mm (2 inch) bends.

2. Other lengths as indicated on drawings.

2.5 ACCESSORIES

A. Shear Keys:

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1. Solid extruded cross-shaped section of rubber, neoprene, or polyvinyl chloride, with durometer hardness of approximately 80 when tested according to ASTM D2240, and minimum shear strength of

3.5 MPa (500 psi).

2. Shear Key Dimensions: Nominal 70 mm by 8 mm for long flange and 38 mm by 16 mm for short flange (2-3/4 inches by 5/16 inch for long flange, and 1-1/2 inches by 5/8 inch for short flange).

B. Weeps:

1. Weep Hole Wicks: Glass fiber ropes, 10 mm (3/8 inch) minimum diameter, 300 mm (12 inches) long.

2. Weep Tubing: Round, polyethylene, 9 mm (3/8 inch) diameter, 100 mm

(4 inches) long.

3. Weep Hole: Flexible PVC louvered configuration with rectangular closure strip at top.

C. Cavity Drain Material: Open mesh polyester sheets or strips to prevent mortar droppings from clogging the cavity.

D. Preformed Compressible Joint Filler:

1. Thickness and depth to fill joint.

2. Closed Cell Neoprene: ASTM D1056, Type 2, Class A, Grade 1, B2F1.

3. Non-Combustible Type: ASTM C612, Type 5, 1800 degrees F.

E. Box Board:

1. Mineral Fiber Board: ASTM C612, Type 1.

2. 25 mm (1 inch) thickness.

3. Other spacing material having similar characteristics is acceptable subject to Contracting Officer's Representative's approval.

F. Masonry Cleaner:

1. Detergent type cleaner selected for each type masonry.

2. Acid cleaners are not acceptable.

3. Use soapless type specially prepared for cleaning brick or concrete masonry as appropriate.

G. Fasteners:

1. Concrete Nails: ASTM F1667, Type I, Style 11, 19 mm (3/4 inch) minimum length.

2. Masonry Nails: ASTM F1667, Type I, Style 17, 19 mm (3/4 inch) minimum length.

3. Screws: FS-FF-S-107, Type A, AB, SF thread forming or cutting.

H. Welding Materials: AWS D1.4/D1.4M, type to suit application.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION - GENERAL

A. Install products according to manufacturer's instructions and approved submittal drawings.

1. When manufacturer's instructions deviate from specifications, submit proposed resolution for Contracting Officer's Representative consideration.

B. Keep finish work free from mortar smears or spatters, and leave neat and clean.

C. Wall Openings:

1. Fill hollow metal frames built into masonry walls and partitions solid with mortar as laying of masonry progresses.

2. When items are not available when walls are built, prepare openings for subsequent installation.

D. Tooling Joints:

1. Do not tool until mortar has stiffened enough to retain thumb print when thumb is pressed against mortar.

2. Tool while mortar is soft enough to be compressed into joints and not raked out.

3. Finish joints in exterior face masonry work with jointing tool, and provide smooth, water-tight concave joint unless specified otherwise.

4. Tool Exposed interior joints in finish work concave unless specified otherwise.

E. Partition Height:

1. Extend partitions minimum 100 mm (4 inches) above suspended ceiling or to overhead construction where no ceiling occurs.

2. Extend following partitions to overhead construction.

a. Full height partitions, and fire partitions and smoke partitions indicated on drawings.

b. Both walls at expansion joints.

c. Corridor walls.

d. Walls at stairway and stair halls, elevators, dumbwaiters, trash and laundry chute shafts, and other vertical shafts.

e. Walls at refrigerator space.

f. Reinforced masonry partitions.

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3. Extend finished masonry partitions minimum 100 mm (4 inches) above suspended ceiling and continue with concrete masonry units or structural clay tile to overhead construction:

F. Lintels:

1. Lintels are not required for openings less than 1000 mm (40 inches) wide that have hollow metal frames.

2. Openings 1025 mm (41 inches) wide to 1600 m (63 inches) wide without structural steel lintel or frames, require lintel formed of concrete masonry lintel or bond beam units or structural facing tile lintel units filled with grout and reinforced with one No. 16 (No. 5) rod top and bottom for each 100 mm (4 inches) of nominal thickness unless shown otherwise.

3. Precast concrete lintels of 25 MPa (3,000 psi) concrete, same thickness as partition, and with one No. 16 (No. 5) deformed bar top and bottom for each 100 mm (4 inches) of nominal thickness, is acceptable in lieu of reinforced CMU masonry lintels.

4. Use steel lintels, for openings greater than 1600 m (63 inches) wide, brick masonry openings, and elevator openings unless shown otherwise.

5. Doors having overhead concealed door closers require steel lintel, and pocket for closer box.

6. Lintel Bearing Length: Minimum 100 mm (4 inches) at both ends.

7. Build masonry openings or arches over wood or metal centering and supports when steel lintels are not used.

G. Wall, Furring, and Partition Units:

1. Lay out field units to provide one-half running bond, unless indicated otherwise.

2. Align head joints of alternate vertical courses.

3. At sides of openings, balance head joints in each course on vertical center lines of openings.

4. Minimum Masonry Unit Length: 100 mm (4 inches).

5. On interior partitions provide 6 mm (1/4 inch) open joint for caulking between existing construction, exterior walls, concrete work, and abutting masonry partitions.

6. Use minimum 100 mm (4 inches) nominal thick masonry for free standing furring, unless indicated otherwise.

7. Do not abut existing plastered surfaces except suspended ceilings with new masonry partitions.

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H. Use minimum 100 mm (4 inches) nominal thick masonry for fireproofing steel columns unless indicated otherwise.

I. Before connecting new masonry with previously laid masonry, remove loosened masonry or mortar, and clean and wet work in place as specified under wetting.

J. When new masonry partitions start on existing floors, machine cut existing floor finish material down to concrete surface.

K. Chases:

1. Do not install chases in masonry walls and partitions exposed to view in finished work, including painted or coated finishes on masonry.

2. Masonry 100 mm (4 inch) nominal thick may have electrical conduits

25 mm (1 inch) or less in diameter when covered with soaps, or other finishes.

3. Fill recess chases after installation of conduit, with mortar and finish flush.

4. When pipes or conduits, or both occur in hollow masonry unit partitions retain minimum one web of hollow masonry units.

L. Wetting and Wetting Test:

1. Test and wet brick and clay tile according to BIA TN 11B.

2. Do not wet concrete masonry units or glazed structural facing tile before laying.

M. Temporary Formwork: Provide formwork and shores as required for temporary support of reinforced masonry elements.

N. Construct formwork to conform to shape, line and dimensions indicated on drawings. Make sufficiently tight to prevent mortar, grout, or concrete leakage. Brace, tie and support formwork as required to maintain position and shape during construction and curing of reinforced masonry.

O. Do not remove forms and shores until reinforced masonry members have hardened sufficiently to carry their own weight and other reasonable temporary construction loads.

P. Minimum Curing Times Before Removing Shores and Forms:

1. Girders and Beams: 10 days.

2. Slabs: 7 days.

3. Reinforced Masonry Soffits: 7 days.

3.2 INSTALLATION - ANCHORAGE

A. Veneer to Framed Walls:

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1. Install adjustable veneer anchors.

2. Fasten anchor to stud through sheathing with self-drilling and tapping screw, one at both ends of loop type anchor.

3. Space anchors maximum 400 mm (16 inches) on center vertically at each stud.

B. Veneer to Concrete Walls:

1. Install dovetail slots in concrete vertically at 400 mm (16 inches) on centers.

2. Locate dovetail anchors at 400 mm (16 inch) maximum vertical intervals.

3. Anchor new masonry facing to existing concrete with adjustable cavity wall ties spaced at 400 mm, (16 inches) maximum vertical intervals, and at 400 mm (16 inches) maximum horizontal intervals.

Fasten ties to concrete with power actuated fasteners or concrete nails.

C. Masonry Facing to Backup and Cavity Wall Ties:

1. Use individual ties for new work.

2. Stagger ties in alternate courses, and space at 400 mm (16 inches) maximum vertically, and 400 mm (16 inches) horizontally.

3. At openings, provide additional ties spaced maximum 900 mm

(36 inches) apart vertically around perimeter of opening, and within

300 mm (12 inches) from edge of opening.

4. Anchor new masonry facing to existing masonry with adjustable cavity wall ties spaced at 400 mm (16 inch) maximum vertical intervals and at every second masonry unit horizontally. Fasten ties to masonry with masonry nails.

5. Option: Install joint reinforcing for multiple wythes and cavity wall ties spaced maximum 400 mm (16 inches) vertically.

6. Tie interior and exterior wythes of reinforced masonry walls together with individual ties. Provide ties at intervals maximum

400 mm (16 inches) on center horizontally, and 400 mm (16 inches) on center vertically. Lay ties in the same line vertically in order to facilitate vibrating of the grout pours.

D. Anchorage of Abutting Masonry:

1. Anchor interior 100 mm (4 inch) thick masonry partitions to exterior masonry walls with wall ties. Space ties at 600 mm (24 inches) maximum vertical intervals. Extend ties 100 mm (4 inches) minimum into masonry.

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2. Anchor interior masonry bearing walls or interior masonry partitions over 100 mm (4 inches) thick to masonry walls with rigid wall anchors spaced at 400 mm (16 inch) maximum vertical intervals.

3. Anchor abutting masonry walls and partitions to concrete with dovetail anchors. Install dovetail slots vertically in concrete at centerline of abutting wall or partition. Locate dovetail anchors at

400 mm (16 inch) maximum vertical intervals. Secure anchors to existing wall with two 9 mm (3/8 inch) by 75 mm (3 inch) expansion bolts or two power-driven fasteners.

4. Anchor abutting interior masonry partitions to existing concrete and existing masonry construction, with adjustable wall ties. Extend ties minimum 100 mm (4 inches) into joints of new masonry. Fasten ties to existing concrete and masonry construction, with powder actuated drive pins, nail or other means that provides rigid anchorage. Install anchors at 400 mm (16 inch) maximum vertical intervals.

E. Masonry Furring:

1. Anchor masonry furring less than 100 mm (4 inches) nominal thick to masonry walls or to concrete with adjustable wall ties or dovetail anchors.

2. Space at maximum 400 mm (16 inches) on center in both directions.

F. Anchorage to Steel Beams or Columns:

1. Use adjustable beam anchors on each flange.

2. At columns weld steel rod to steel columns at 300 mm (12 inch) intervals, and place wire ties in masonry courses at 400 mm

(16 inches) maximum vertically.

3.3 INSTALLATION - REINFORCEMENT

A. Joint Reinforcement:

1. Install joint reinforcement in CMU wythe of combination brick and

CMU, cavity walls, and single wythe concrete masonry unit walls or partitions.

2. Reinforcing is acceptable in lieu of individual ties for anchoring brick facing to CMU backup in exterior masonry walls.

3. Locate joint reinforcement in mortar joints at 400 mm (16 inch) maximum vertical intervals.

4. Additional joint reinforcement is required in mortar joints at both

200 mm (8 inches) and 400 (16 inches) above and below windows, doors, louvers and similar openings in masonry.

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5. Wherever brick masonry is backed up with stacked bond masonry, install multiple wythe joint reinforcement in every two courses of

CMU backup, and in corresponding joint of facing brick.

B. Steel Reinforcing Bars:

1. Install reinforcing bars in cells of hollow masonry units where required for vertical reinforcement and in bond beam units for horizontal reinforcement. Install in wall cavities of reinforced masonry walls where indicated on drawings.

2. Bond Beams:

a. Form Bond beams of load-bearing concrete masonry units filled with grout and reinforced with two No. 15m (No. 5) reinforcing bars unless shown otherwise. Do not cut reinforcement.

b. Brake bond beams only at expansion joints and at control joints, if shown.

3. Grout openings:

a. Leave cleanout holes in double wythe walls during construction by omitting units at base of one side of wall.

b. Locate 75 mm by 75 mm (3 inches. by 3 inches.) min. cleanout holes at location of vertical reinforcement.

c. Keep grout space clean of mortar accumulation and debris. Clean as work progresses and immediately before grouting.

3.4 INSTALLATION - BRICK EXPANSION AND CMU CONTROL JOINTS

A. Provide brick expansion joint (EJ) and CMU control joints (CJ) where indicated on drawings.

B. Keep joint free of mortar and other debris.

C. Joints Occur In Masonry Walls:

1. Install preformed compressible joint filler in brick wythe.

2. Install cross shaped shear keys in concrete masonry unit wythe with preformed compressible joint filler on both sides of shear key.

D. Use standard notched concrete masonry units (sash blocks) made in full and half-length units where shear keys are used to create a continuous vertical joint. Alter Structural clay tile units to accommodate shear key flanges.

E. Interrupt joint reinforcement at expansion and control joints.

F. Fill opening in exposed face of expansion and control joints with sealant as specified in Section 07 92 00, JOINT SEALANTS.

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3.5 INSTALLATION - BUILDING EXPANSION AND SEISMIC JOINTS

A. Keep expansion and seismic joints open and free of mortar. Remove mortar and other debris.

B. Install non-combustible, compressible type joint filler to fill space completely except where sealant is shown on joints in exposed finish work.

C. Fill opening in exposed face of expansion and seismic joints with sealant as specified in Section 07 92 00, JOINT SEALANTS.

3.6 INSTALLATION - ISOLATION JOINT

A. Where full height walls and partitions lie parallel or perpendicular to and under structural beams and shelf angles, provide minimum 9 mm

(3/8 inch) separation between walls and partitions and bottom of beams and shelf angles.

B. Insert continuous full width strip of non-combustible type compressible joint filler.

C. Fill opening in exposed face of isolation joints with sealant as specified in Section 07 92 00, JOINT SEALANTS.

3.7 INSTALLATION - BRICKWORK

A. Lay clay brick according to BIA TN 11B.

B. Laying:

1. Lay brick in one-half running bond with bonded corners, unless indicated otherwise. Match bond of existing building on alterations and additions.

2. Maintain bond pattern throughout.

3. Do not use brick smaller than half-brick at any angle, corner, break, and jamb.

4. Where length of cut brick is greater than one half length, maintain vertical joint location.

5. Lay exposed brickwork joints symmetrical about center lines of openings.

6. Do not structurally bond multi-wythe brick walls, unless indicated on drawings.

7. Before starting work, lay facing brick on foundation wall and adjust bond to openings, angles, and corners.

8. Lay brick for sills with wash and drip.

9. Build solid brickwork as required for anchorage of items.

C. Joints:

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1. Exterior And Interior Joint Widths: Lay for three equal joints in

200 mm (8 inches) vertically, unless shown otherwise.

2. Rake joints for pointing with colored mortar when colored mortar is not full depth.

3. Arches:

a. Flat arches (jack arches) lay with camber of 1 in 200 (1/16 inch per foot) of span.

b. Face radial arches with radial brick with center line of joints on radial lines.

c. Form Radial joints of equal width.

d. Bond arches into backing with metal ties in every other joint.

D. Weep Holes:

1. Install weep holes at 600 mm (24 inches) on center in bottom of vertical joints of exterior masonry veneer or cavity wall facing over foundations, bond beams, and other water stops in wall.

2. Form weep holes using wicks made of mineral fiber insulation strips turned up 200 mm (8 inches) in cavity. Anchor top of strip to backup to securely hold in place.

3. Install sand or pea gravel in cavity approximately 75 mm (3 inches) high between weep holes.

E. Solid Exterior Walls:

1. Build with 100 mm (4 inches) of nominal thick facing brick, backed up with concrete masonry units cast-in-place concrete 100 mm

(4 inches) nominal thick face brick.

2. Construct solid brick jambs minimum 20 mm (0.81 inches) wide at exterior wall openings and at recesses, except where exposed concrete unit backup is shown.

3. Do not install full bonding headers.

4. Coordinate with building insulation for thickness of insulation and allowance of air space behind exterior wythe.

5. In locations where hurricane driven rains are expected, install bituminous dampproofing on cavity side of inner wythe.

F. Cavity Walls:

1. Keep air space clean of mortar accumulations and debris.

2. Lay the interior wythe of the masonry wall full height where dampproofing air barrier is required on cavity face.

Coordinate to install dampproofing air barrier before laying outer wythe.

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3. Insulated Cavity Type Exterior Walls:

a. Install insulation against cavity face of inner masonry wythe.

b. Place insulation between rows of ties or joint reinforcing.

Adhere insulation to masonry surface with a bonding agent as recommended by insulation manufacturer.

c. Lay outer masonry wythe up with air space between insulation and masonry units.

3.8 INSTALLATION - CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS

A. Types and Uses:

1. Provide special concrete masonry shapes as required, including lintel and bond beam units, sash units, and corner units. Provide solid concrete masonry units, where full units cannot be installed, or where needed for anchorage of accessories.

2. Provide solid load-bearing concrete masonry units or grout cell of hollow units at jambs of openings in walls, where structural members impose loads directly on concrete masonry, and where shown.

3. Provide rounded corner (bullnose) shapes at opening jambs in exposed work and at exterior corners.

4. Do not install brick jambs in exposed finish work.

5. Install concrete building brick only as filler in backup material where not exposed.

6. Construct fire resistance in fire rated partitions meeting fire ratings indicated on drawings.

7. Structural Clay Tile Units (Option):

a. Structural clay tile units load-bearing or non-load bearing as required, may be installed in lieu of concrete masonry units, only, but not as an exposed surface, foundation walls or where otherwise noted.

b. Set units as specified for concrete masonry units.

c. Install brick or load-bearing structural clay tile units, with cores set vertically, and filled with grout where structural members impose concentrated load directly on structural clay tile masonry.

8. Where lead-lined concrete masonry unit partitions terminate below underside of overhead floor or roof deck, fill remaining open space between top of partition and underside of overhead floor or roof deck, with standard concrete masonry units of same thickness as lead lined units.

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B. Laying:

1. Lay concrete masonry units with 9 mm (3/8 inch) joints, with a bond overlap of minimum 1/4 of unit length, except where stack bond is indicated on drawings.

2. Do not wet concrete masonry units before laying.

3. Bond external corners of partitions by overlapping alternate courses.

4. Lay first course in a full mortar bed.

5. Set anchorage items as work progress.

6. Where ends of anchors, bolts, and other embedded items, project into voids of units, completely fill voids with mortar or grout.

7. Provide 6 mm (1/4 inch) open joint for sealant between existing construction, exterior walls, concrete work, and abutting masonry partitions.

8. Lay concrete masonry units with full face shell mortar beds and fill head joint beds for depth equivalent to face shell thickness.

9. Lay concrete masonry units so cores of units, that are to be filled with grout, are vertically continuous with joints of cross webs of such cores completely filled with mortar. Unobstructed core openings minimum 50 mm (2 inches) by 75 mm (3 inches).

10. Do not wedge masonry against steel reinforcing. Minimum 13 mm

(1/2 inch) clear distance between reinforcing and masonry units.

11. Install deformed reinforcing bars of sizes indicated on drawings.

12. At time of placement, ensure steel reinforcement is free of loose rust, mud, oil, and other contamination capable of affecting bond.

13. Place steel reinforcement at spacing indicated on drawings before grouting.

14. Minimum clear distance between parallel bars: One bar diameter.

15. Hold vertical steel reinforcement in place vertically by centering clips, caging devices, tie wire, or other approved methods.

16. Support vertical bars near each end and at maximum 192 bar diameter on center.

17. Splice reinforcement or attach reinforcement to dowels by placing in contact and securing with wire ties.

18. Stagger splices in adjacent horizontal reinforcing bars. Lap reinforcing bars at splices a minimum of 40 bar diameters.

19. Grout cells of concrete masonry units, containing reinforcing bars, solid as specified.

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20. Install cavity and joint reinforcement as masonry work progresses.

21. Rake joints 6 to 10 mm (1/4 to 3/8 inch) deep for pointing with colored mortar when colored mortar is not full depth.

C. Waterproofing Parging:

1. Parge earth side of concrete masonry unit basement walls with mortar applied in two coats, each coat 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick.

2. Clean wall surfaces to receive parging of dirt, oil, or grease, and moisten before application of first coat.

3. Roughen first coat when partially set, permit to hardened for 24 hours, and moisten before application of second coat.

4. Keep second coat damp for minimum 48 hours.

5. Thicken parging and round to form a cove at the junction of outside wall face and footing.

3.9 POINTING

A. Fill joints with pointing mortar using rubber float trowel to apply mortar solidly into raked joints.

B. Wipe off excess mortar from joints of glazed masonry units with dry cloth.

C. Tool exposed joints to smooth concave joint.

D. At joints with existing work, match existing joint.

3.10 GROUTING

A. Preparation:

1. Clean grout space of mortar droppings before placing grout.

2. Close cleanouts.

3. Install vertical solid masonry dams across grout space for full height of wall at intervals of maximum 9000 mm (30 feet). Do not bond dam units into wythes as masonry headers.

4. Verify reinforcing bars are installed as indicated on drawings.

B. Placing:

1. Place grout in grout space in lifts as specified.

2. Consolidate each grout lift after free water has disappeared but before plasticity is lost.

3. Do not slush with mortar or use mortar with grout.

4. Interruptions:

a. When grouting must be stopped for more than an hour, top off grout 40 mm (1-1/2 inches) below top of last masonry course.

b. Grout from dam to dam on high lift method.

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c. Longitudinal run of masonry may be stopped off only by raking back one-half masonry unit length in each course and stopping grout 100 mm (4 inches) back of rake on low lift method.

C. Puddling Method:

1. Consolidate by puddling with grout stick during and immediately after placing.

2. Grout cores of concrete masonry units containing reinforcing bars solid as masonry work progresses.

D. Low Lift Method:

1. Construct masonry to 1.5 m (5 feet) maximum height before grouting.

2. Grout in one continuous operation and consolidate grout by mechanical vibration and reconsolidate after initial water loss and settlement has occurred.

E. High Lift Method:

1. Do not pour grout until masonry wall has cured minimum of 4 hours.

2. Place grout in 1.5 m (5 feet) maximum lifts.

3. Exception:

a. Where following conditions are met, place grout in 3.86 m

(12.67 feet) maximum lifts.

b. Masonry has cured minimum of 4 hours.

c. Grout slump is maintained between 250 and 275 mm (10 and

11 inches).

d. No intermediate reinforced bond beams are placed between top and bottom of grout lift.

4. When vibrating succeeding lifts, extend vibrator 300 to 450 mm (12 to 18 inches) into preceding lift.

3.11 PLACING REINFORCEMENT

A. General: Clean reinforcement of loose rust, mill scale, earth, ice or other materials which will reduce bond to mortar or grout. Do not use reinforcement bars with kinks or bends not shown on drawings or approved submittal drawings, or bars with reduced cross-section due to excessive rusting or other causes.

B. Position reinforcement accurately at spacing indicated on drawings.

Support and secure vertical bars against displacement. Install horizontal reinforcement as masonry work progresses. Where vertical bars are shown in close proximity, provide clear distance between bars of minimum one bar diameter or 25 mm (1 inch), whichever is greater.

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C. For columns, piers and pilasters, maintain clear distance between vertical bars as indicated on drawings, minimum 1.5 bar diameters or

38 mm (1-1/2 inches), whichever is greater. Provide lateral ties as indicated on drawings.

D. Splice reinforcement bars only where indicated on drawings, unless approved by Contracting Officer's Representative. Provide lapped splices. In splicing vertical bars or attaching to dowels, lap ends, place in contact and wire tie.

E. Provide minimum lap as indicated on approved submittal drawings, or if not indicated, minimum 48 bar diameters.

F. Weld splices where indicated on drawings according to AWS D1.4/D1.4M.

G. Embed metal ties in mortar joints as work progresses, with minimum mortar cover of 15 mm (5/8 inch) on exterior face of walls and 13 mm

(1/2 inch) at other locations.

H. Embed prefabricated horizontal joint reinforcement as work progresses, with minimum cover of 15 mm (5/8 inch) on exterior face of walls and

13 mm (1/2 inch) at other locations. Lap joint reinforcement minimum

150 mm (6 inches) at ends. Use prefabricated “L” and “T” sections to provide continuity at corners and intersections. Cut and bend joint reinforcement for continuity at returns, offsets, column fireproofing, pipe enclosures and other special conditions.

I. Anchoring: Anchor reinforced masonry work to supporting structure as indicated on drawings.

J. Anchor reinforced masonry walls at intersections with non-reinforced masonry.

3.12 INSTALLATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY

A. Do not wet concrete masonry units (CMU).

B. Lay CMU units with full-face shell mortar beds. Fill vertical head joints (end joints between units) solidly with mortar from face of unit to distance behind face equal to thickness of longitudinal face shells.

Solidly bed cross-webs of starting courses in mortar. Maintain head and bed 9 mm (3/8 inch) joint widths.

C. Where solid CMU units are shown, lay with full mortar head and bed joints.

D. Walls:

1. Pattern Bond: Lay CMU wall units in 1/2-running bond with vertical joints in each course centered on units in courses above and below, unless otherwise indicated. Bond and interlock each course at

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corners and intersections. Use special-shaped units where shown, and as required for corners, jambs, sash, control joints, lintels, bond beams and other special conditions.

2. Maintain vertical continuity of core or cell cavities, which are to be reinforced and grouted, to provide minimum clear dimension indicated and to provide minimum clearance and grout coverage for vertical reinforcement bars. Keep cavities free of mortar. Solidly bed webs in mortar where adjacent to reinforced cores or cells.

3. Where horizontally reinforced beams (bond beams) are indicated on drawings, use special units or modify regular units to allow for placement of continuous horizontal reinforcement bars. Place small mesh expanded metal lath or wire screening in mortar joints under bond beam courses over cores or cells of non-reinforced vertical cells, or provide units with solid bottoms.

E. Columns, Piers and Pilasters:

1. Use CMU units of size, shape and number of vertical core spaces shown. If not shown, use units which provide minimum clearances and grout coverage for number and size of vertical reinforcement bars shown.

2. Provide pattern bond shown, or if not shown, alternate head joints in vertical alignment.

3. Where bonded pilaster construction is shown, lay wall and pilaster units together to maximum grout pour height specified.

F. Grouting:

1. Use fine grout for filling spaces less than 100 mm (4 inches) in one or both horizontal directions.

2. Use coarse grout for filling 100 mm (4 inch) spaces or larger in both horizontal directions.

3. Grouting Technique: At Contractor’s option, use either low-lift or high-lift grouting techniques.

G. Low-Lift Grouting:

1. Provide minimum clear dimension of 50 mm (2 inches) and clear area of 5160 sq. mm (8 sq. inches) in vertical cores to be grouted.

2. Place vertical reinforcement before grouting of CMU. Extend above elevation of maximum pour height as required for splicing. Support in position at vertical intervals not exceeding 192 bar diameters nor 3 m (10 feet).

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3. Lay CMU to maximum pour height. Do not exceed 1.5 m (5 feet) height, or if bond beam occurs below 1.5 m (5 feet) height, stop pour 38 mm

(1-1/2 inches) below top of bond beam.

4. Rod or vibrate grout during placing. Place grout continuously; do not interrupt pouring of grout for more than one hour. Terminate grout pours 38 mm (1-1/2 inches) below top course of pour.

5. Bond Beams: Stop grout in vertical cells 38 mm (1-1/2 inches) below bond beam course. Place horizontal reinforcement in bond beams; lap at corners and intersections as indicated on drawings. Place grout in bond beam course before filling vertical cores above bond beam.

H. High-Lift Grouting:

1. Do not use high-lift grouting technique for grouting of CMU unless minimum cavity dimension and area is 75 mm (3 inches) and

6450 sq. mm (10 sq. inches), respectively.

2. Provide cleanout holes in first course at vertical cells which are to be filled with grout.

3. Use units with one face shell removed and provide temporary supports for units above, or use header units with concrete brick supports, or cut openings in one face shell.

4. Construct masonry to full height of maximum grout pour before placing grout.

5. Limit grout lifts to maximum height of 1.5 m (5 feet) and grout pour to maximum height of 7.3 m (24 feet), for single wythe hollow concrete masonry walls, unless otherwise indicated.

6. Place vertical reinforcement before grouting. Place before or after laying masonry units, to suit application. Tie vertical reinforcement to dowels at base of masonry where shown and thread

CMU over or around reinforcement. Support vertical reinforcement at intervals not exceeding 192 bar diameters nor 3 m (10 feet).

7. Where individual bars are placed after laying masonry, place wire loops extending into cells as masonry is laid and loosen before mortar sets. After insertion of reinforcement bar, pull loops and bar to proper position and tie free ends.

8. Where reinforcement is prefabricated into cage units before placing, fabricate units with vertical reinforcement bars and lateral ties of the size and spacing indicated.

9. Place horizontal beam reinforcement as masonry units are laid.

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10. Preparation of Grout Spaces: Before grouting, inspect and clean grout spaces. Remove dust, dirt, mortar droppings, loose pieces of masonry and other foreign materials from grout spaces. Clean reinforcement and adjust to proper position. Clean top surface of structural members supporting masonry to ensure bond. After final cleaning and inspection, close cleanout holes and brace closures to resist grout pressures.

11. Do not place grout until entire height of masonry to be grouted has attained sufficient strength to resist displacement of masonry units and breaking of mortar bond. Install shores and bracing, if required, before starting grouting operations.

12. Limit grout pours to sections which can be completed in one working day with maximum one hour interruption of pouring operation. Place grout in lifts which do not exceed 1.5 m (5 feet). Allow minimum 30 minutes and maximum one hour between lifts. Mechanically consolidate each lift.

13. Place grout in lintels or beams over openings in one continuous pour.

14. Where bond beam occurs more than one course below top of pour, fill bond beam course to within 25 mm (1 inch) of vertically reinforced cavities, during construction of masonry.

15. When more than one pour is required to complete a given section of masonry, extend reinforcement beyond masonry as required for splicing. Pour grout to within 38 mm (1-1/2 inches) of top course of first pour. After grouted masonry is cured, lay masonry units and place reinforcement for second pour section before grouting. Repeat sequence if more pours are required.

3.13 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES

A. Lay masonry units plumb, level and true to line within tolerances according to ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 and as follows:

B. Maximum variation from plumb:

1. In 3000 mm (10 feet) - 6 mm (1/4 inch).

2. In 6000 mm (20 feet) - 9 mm (3/8 inch).

3. In 12,000 mm (40 feet) or more - 13 mm (1/2 inch).

C. Maximum variation from level:

1. In any bay or up to 6000 mm (20 feet) - 6 mm (1/4 inch).

2. In 12,000 mm (40 feet) or more - 13 mm (1/2 inch).

D. Maximum variation from linear building lines:

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1. In any bay or up to 6000 mm (20 feet) - 13 mm (1/2 inch).

2. In 12,000 mm (40 feet) or more - 19 mm (3/4 inch).

E. Maximum variation in cross-sectional dimensions of columns and thickness of walls from dimensions shown:

1. Minus 6 mm (1/4 inch).

2. Plus 13 mm (1/2 inch).

F. Maximum variation in prepared opening dimensions:

1. Accurate to minus 0 mm (0 inch).

2. Plus 6 mm (1/4 inch).

3.14 CLEANING AND REPAIR

A. General:

1. Clean exposed masonry surfaces on completion.

2. Protect adjoining construction materials and landscaping during cleaning operations.

3. Cut out defective exposed new joints to depth of approximately 19 mm

(3/4 inch) and repoint.

4. Remove mortar droppings and other foreign substances from wall surfaces.

B. Brickwork:

1. First wet surfaces with clean water, then wash down with detergent solution. Do not use muriatic acid.

2. Brush with stiff fiber brushes while washing, and immediately wash with clean water.

3. Remove traces of detergent, foreign streaks, or stains of any nature.

C. Concrete Masonry Units:

1. Immediately following setting, brush exposed surfaces free of mortar or other foreign matter.

2. Allow mud to dry before brushing.

D. Glazed Structural Facing Tile or Brick Units:

1. Clean as recommended manufacturer. Protect light colored mortar joints from discoloration during cleaning.

2. Use on solid masonry walls.

3. Prepare schedule of test locations.

3.15 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Water Penetration Testing:

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1. Seven days before plastering or painting, in presence of Contracting

Officer's Representative, test solid exterior masonry walls for water penetration.

2. Direct water on masonry for a period of one hour when wind velocity is less than five miles per hour.

3. Should moisture appear on inside of walls tested, make additional tests at other areas as directed by Contracting Officer's

Representative.

4. Correct areas showing moisture on inside of walls, and repeat test at repaired areas, to ensure moisture penetration has been stopped.

5. Make water test at following locations:

a. Eight places.

b. At Connecting Corridor make one test for each 45,000 mm (150 lineal feet) of exterior masonry walls.

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