36C24918R0145-002.pdf

TVHS Energy Requirements and Design Guide

TVHS Energy Design Guide

Revised: 9-30-14

Introduction: This Design Guide is intended for the Architect - Engineer (henceforth referred to as the

A - E), Design-Build Contractors, Controls Contractors, General Contractor and others engaged in design, construction or renovation of projects at TVHS Nashville or Murfreesboro VAMC facilities. The guide focus is energy savings and operational concerns. The intent is to ensure performance, quality control and uniformity in design and construction practices and procedures.

In addition, the below standards are intended to supplement the project Statement of Work, VA Master

Spec sections, project specific specs and drawings for this project. If this is an A-E design project, the

A-E shall use these energy saving techniques and standards as a starting point to design the

Architectural, Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) systems of this project. Adjustments should be made, as necessary, to fit the specific design requirement of the space or area being served. If this is a

General contractor construction projects, the general contractor and it’s sub-contractors shall us these requirements to supplement Architectural, Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) requirements of this project.

Table of Content:

Part 1, Architectural, Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) Energy Saving Requirements and

Design General Intent, Part 2, DDC Controls, Graphic Requirements and Standards, Part 3, AHU Requirements and Design Intent, Part 4, AHU (without DDC Controlled VAV’s) Requirements and Design Intent, Part 5, Exhaust Fan Requirement and Design Intent, Part 6, VAV Requirements and Design Intent, Part 7, VFD Requirements and Design Intent, Part 8, Not used at this time, Part 9, Air-to-Air Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger (HX) Requirements and Design Intent.

Part 10, Boilers and Boiler Plants.

Part 11, Lighting and Lighting Controls

Appendix A, DDC Frontend User Interface, Info from recent Nashville VA projects:

Appendix B, HVAC Energy Checklist

Appendix C, Office Lighting Checklist

Appendix D, Building Envelope Checklist

Appendix E, Water Conservation Checklist

Appendix F, Emerging Technologies Checklist

Appendix G, Initial Settings for occupancy/motion sensors in New or Renovated Space

Appendix H, Example AHU Controls and Graphics

1. Part 1, Architectural, Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) Energy

Saving Requirements and Design General Intent:

A. Energy Efficient Project Design: Energy efficient designs and specifications will be used for new construction and for construction alterations and retrofits. A-E’s shall comply with the following energy requirements on all projects:

1) Pre-design energy planning requirements: A-E design team members shall be aware of the importance of energy conservation and that energy usage should be a critical consideration in all aspects of the design process.

2) Project Design Reviews: At each stage of the design review process, A-E shall provide a review set of drawings and specifications to the Energy Manager for energy conservation reviews and to ensure that energy usage has been considered. Projects that involve significant additions or modifications to the complex systems (such as HVAC, Boilers, chillers, electrical, medical gases, major equipment) shall use commissioning to optimize and verify performance of the systems. Other design considerations include:

a. Use Energy Star Building Upgrade Manual

b. High-energy efficiency levels shall be specified for new equipment.

c. Low water-use levels shall be specified for new fixtures.

d. Heating and cooling system control modifications (including night-setback, skip-hour/day shutdown, duty cycling, tamper-proof preset, and area/zone demand).

e. Reduction of heating and cooling system losses (including insulation, equipment modification/replacement).

f. Exhaust air reduction, shall be set to values specified in VA HVAC Design Guide.

Use CFM setback for unoccupied spaces. New bathroom rooms and bathroom renovation projects shall include occupancy sensing for supply and exhaust CFM setback. Also, see ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

g. Lighting level adjustment and control modifications.

h. Operating equipment control modifications (including skip-hour/day shutdown, and duty cycling).

i. Re-commissioning shall be performed on major systems that undergo significant additions or modifications.

j. Utilize Sustainable, LEED, and Green Buildings guidance and evaluate building elements with life cycle costing.

B. Design to meet intent of LEED Health Care (HC) energy saving requirements. If project is new construction, design to meet Guiding Principles Checklist for Green Globes-New Construction, May 6, 2014 or Guiding Principles Checklist for LEED-New Construction, May 6, 2014

C. Design to meet requirements in VA Sustainable Design Manual – May 6, 2014 or latest revision.

See VA Technical Information Library, http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/sustain/sustain.pdf Also see

VA Alert 003 Sustainable Design Third-Party Rating of Healthcare Facilities.

http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alert.asp

D. Procedures for Energy Star*, Energy Saving Performance Contracts and Energy Efficient

Equipment Procurement:

1) Executive Order 15514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy and Economic

Performance, requires the federal government to purchase energy-using equipment which meets "EPA Energy Star" requirements for energy efficiency. These products should be procured when available and practical.

2) If an Energy Star* product is not available, there is still the requirement to save energy. The use of products that are in the upper 25% of energy efficiency for all similar products or products that are at least 10% more efficient than the minimum level that meets Federal

Standards will be purchased whenever practical.

3) Items that consume power in a standby mode should meet Federal Energy Management

Program (FEMP) recommendations for standby power wattage. If FEMP has listed a product without a corresponding wattage recommendation, purchase items that use no more than one watt in their standby power consuming mode. When it is impracticable to meet the one-watt requirement, purchase items with the lowest standby wattage practicable.

4) When available, use EPA’s WaterSense labeled products or other water conserving products.

5) Reference Energy Star Building Upgrade Manual, at http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manual.

E. For renovation projects, reduce energy use by 20% compared to the baseline performance rating per ASHRAE 90.1 2007 Appendix G. Also reference ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design

Guide (AEDG) for Large Hospitals, download the AEDG for Large Hospitals from ASHRAE.

F. For all new buildings and/or additions to existing buildings entering design on or after July 9th, 2014, must be designed to meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010. In addition, if lifecycle cost-effective, reduce site energy use by 30 percent compared to the baseline building performance rating per AHSRAE 90.1-2010, Appendix G, excluding plug and process loads. If a lifecycle cost effective design cannot be achieved that meets the 30 percent reduction requirement, select the most efficient design that meets or exceeds the minimum requirements and is lifecycle cost-effective. No design shall be less than 30 percent more efficient than

ASHRAE 90.1-2007, excluding plug and process loads. Also reference ASHRAE Advanced

Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals at ASHRAE.org AEDG downloads.

G. Commissioning: When required in the SOW, meet requirements of EISA 2007, section 432, VA

Master Spec requirements and intent of VA Standard Alert, Sustainable Design Commissioning

(see VA Standard Alert 004 located in the TIL, http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/sAlert/sAlert004.pdf

H. See current VA Design Alerts at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/Alert.asp . Pay special attention to

A/E Quality Alerts for HVAC, Electrical and Plumbing Engineering. Also comply with relevant items from the following VA Alerts, located in TIL, (check for currency and latest version), to include:

http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/sustain/sustain.pdf http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alert.asp http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_upgrade_manual http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/sAlert/sAlert004.pdf http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/Alert.asp

a. SA-005 Sustainable Design Renewable Energy Requirements,

b. SA-006 Energy Efficient Design of Major Renovations,

c. SA-007 Life Cycle Cost Effective Renewable Energy, I. Window Improvements: When required, replace windows with energy efficient high performance glazing, with energy star designation. Consider sun shading/light shelves, skylights, etc. Also see VA Sustainable Design & Energy Reduction Manual.

J. Envelope Improvements: When applicable, investigate installation of insulation on exterior walls and at roof deck. Address improvements to the space continuous air barrier system.

Reference ASHRAE 90.1 Addendum Z for information on standards for air barriers. Special attention to be given to improving the thermal performance of the envelope from eliminating thermal bridging and reducing the degree of air infiltration through the façade. See VA

Sustainable Design & Energy Reduction Manual.

a. On projects that have a SOW that notes moisture and mode issues, the A-E shall perform a Dew Point Analysis and plans to remediate moisture infiltration of the building materials and interior spaces.

b. Also reference ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals at

ASHRAE.org AEDG downloads. Components addressed in the recommendations include insulation and solar reflectance index (SRI).

c. Joints and other openings in the building envelop that are potential sources of air leakage shall be corrected and sealed.

K. HVAC and Controls General Energy Saving Requirements:

1) All HVAC systems (including AHU’s, VAV’s, return fans, heat exchangers, chillers, boilers, exhaust fans, etc), shall be commissioned, tested, adjusted, and balanced to meet the design intent and design quantities.

2) Maximize recirculation air to the extent permissible per ASHRAE Std 62.1 procedures and subject to VA HVAC Design Manual minimum Outside Air requirements.

3) All areas that are modified or constructed (i.e. renovated spaces) shall include retrofitting existing VAV boxes with DDC controls or installing new VAV with DDC controls. All

DDC controls shall be integrated with the DDC/ECC frontend system, see Controls spec and related parts of this document for more detail.

4) When required, replace steam and chill water pipe insulation on related Air Handling Unit’s and related equipment. To meet energy saving requirements, consider installing heat recovery system(s) on AHU’s and major exhaust fans.

5) When required in project SOW, replace related steam traps. Include wireless monitoring of steam traps. See Steam Trap Monitoring System VA Design Alert at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp .

6) Provide Direct Digital Controls (DDC) for all HVAC equipment consistent with facility standards. Connect to Engineering Control Center. Connect new DDC controls to the current DDC/Energy Management System or replace DDC frontend. Include functional graphic diagrams of each new component in system. All programmable points in the space http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp should be programmed into the existing system and programmed (a complete points list will be provided by controls contractor). Utilize native BACNET protocol. Provide remote monitoring and control of all HVAC equipment. See VA master Spec and TVHS modified spec 23-09-23.

7) Utilize NEMA MG-1, high energy efficient motors (NEMA premium efficiency) for all fans.

8) Do not use by-pass or 3-way valves. Use pressure independent valves on AHU Chill Water valves. Exception to the no by-pass valves policy will be considered in select situations, for example, a bypass valves may be needed at the end of select chill water runs. A-E to recommend when required and coordinate location with Energy Engineer.

9) See VA TIL HVAC Alerts at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp#hvac

10) See VA Sustainable Design & Energy Reduction Manual.

K. Lighting, General Energy Saving Requirements: See Part 11 Lighting and Controls.

L. Plumbing Considerations:

1) EPA’s WaterSense labeled products or other water conserving products.

2) Do not use single pass cooling of equipment (i.e. ice makers, cold room systems) with domestic water. Single pass with chilled water is OK if it is returned through the chilled water return system.

3) Toilets shall be low flow and/or dual flush

4) Toilets shall have automatic control valves

5) Sinks shall be laminar flow

6) Sinks shall incorporate sensors for automatic tempered water flow for hand washing

7) Use hot water recirculation where possible

M. Utilize the relevant items in Checklist at Appendix B, C, D and E.

N. The following design baseline requirement (Part 2 to Part 8) shall be utilized on this project.

During the design phase, the A-E shall recommend adjustments to these requirements for unique project objectives. If this is not an A-E design project, the controls contractor shall use this document as a project requirement document and apply the content of this document to this project.

O. Include the following GEMS and Energy related spec sections in Division 1 of all construction project specs:

Spec Section, 01 81 11, TVHS Sustainable Design Requirements

Spec Section 01 74 19 Construction Waste Management

2. Part 2, HVAC and DDC Requirements and Standards:

A. The following includes general requirements for HVAC systems and Controls systems. It includes general notes on equipment selection, control points that tie into controls system, and http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp#hvac operational initiatives that can save energy and operational dollars, with no negative impact of patient and staff comfort. Also see VA Sustainable Design & Energy Reduction Manual.

B. Use Native BACNET on all DDC and HVAC controls. All information, programming and data related to the DDC controls shall be open source. See VA TIL spec sections and related sections of this document.

C. Centrifugal chillers are the most efficient form of cooling currently on the market, therefore it is required that centrifugal chillers be used for all new installations.

D. For cooling systems in the range of 145 – 290 tons, where standard centrifugal chillers are not available, frictionless centrifugal chillers should be used. New frictionless centrifugal chillers are available as small as 30 tons (a centrifugal chiller with VFD drive and magnetic bearings).

Micro centrifugal chillers can have part load efficiencies as low as 0.33 kW per ton.

E. Full commissioning is required on all AHU’s and any new or modified HVAC system.

Commissioning should verify the proper operation of each element of the HVAC system, including but not limited to chiller(s), air handler(s), control devices, sensors, thermostats and

VAV boxes.

F. Motors shall be National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) Premium Efficiency rated. Use Ultra Efficiency on lager motors. Motor shall not be purchased unless they meet the

NEMA Premium Efficiency rating. Also, see Part 7 of this document, VFD Requirements and

Design Intent.

G. Building humidification: Reference TIL Design Manual and Guides. Also see VA Design Alert for Building Humidification, at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp#hvac .

H. DDC Controls and Graphical Standards: The below standards is intended to supplement the

DDC Controls and graphic requirements, that are detailed in project drawings and spec section

23 09 23. A-E’s shall use this standard as a starting point to design the HVAC, Controls system

(or Energy Management System) and mechanical requirements of this project.

I. The General contractor, Controls contractor and A-E shall comply with the requirements listed below and elsewhere in this document. The Controls Systems Operator Interfaces shall be user friendly, readily understood and shall make maximum use of colors, graphics, icons, embedded images, animation, text based information and data visualization techniques to enhance and simplify the use and understanding of the displays by authorized users at the ECC. Also the graphical user interface software, shall minimize the use of keyboard operations through the use of the mouse and "point and click" approach to menu selection. See Appendix A of this document for frontend user interface details:

1) Valve and damper positions shall be indicated as percent open: i.e. 0% equals fully closed and 100% equals fully open. This may not apply to select items, such as linked economizer dampers.

2) Use 3D graphics, when feasible.

3) Use constant ID’s on DDC values: CHWS, CHWR, CWS, CWR, see existing frontend for http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp#hvac examples.

4) Filter Status: Use CLN for clean and DIRT for dirty?

5) Always include unit type for each value displayed on graphic screens: (F, %, CFM, FPM, psi, GPM, hrs, KBTUs, % RH, “ WC, etc)

6) Always show (by label ID or color) if a value is a setpoint that is changeable under normal operation conditions (white font on gray background) or actual/status value (blue font on gray background).

7) To enhance usability, use animation to show rotation, temperatures or moving mechanical components. For example, temp of coils, louvers position, valves are open/closed/partially open, temp of fluids, steam release from Humidifier, Air arrows, etc. See AHU-22 on the

BACNET system.

8) Show start/stop command and actual fan run status. VFD info, on/off/hand, percent, alarm, etc. For all actuators, controls and valves that have status capability; show command value

(white font on gray background) on top and the status value on the bottom of the blocks (blue font on gray background) on the graphic pages.

9) On AHU graphic floor plan, include “Area Served:” for each AHU.

10) Controls contractor to provide complete BACNET points list that shows all BACNET devices (valves, controls, sensors, etc). Controls contractor to provide complete schedule list of a devices.

11) All controls contractors shall expose all data info and make all info discoverable on the frontend system.

J. Energy Recovery Systems: Each AHU shall be designed to maximize energy recovery. 100% outside air units shall only be used when required by the VA HVAC Design Manual. Energy recovery shall use the most efficient method for the specific ductwork and AHU layout. Use the following Energy Recovery methods (highest efficiency methods are at top of the list and lowest are at bottom of list):

1) Return air system

2) Energy Wheel

3) Air to Air Heat Exchanger, see Part 9 for set point info

4) Heat Pipe method

5) Wrap Around heat recovery coil with Glycol

3. Part 3, AHU With DDC Controlled VAV’s, Design Intent: The following design requirements shall be utilized on this projects AHU design:

A. All projects that rebuild, replace or install new AHU’s, shall utilize DDC controls on AHU’s.

B. See VA Design Alert 134, VA Adoption of Plenum Fans for Air Handling Units Application.

C. 100% outside air unit AHU’s shall be limited to those listed in the VA HVAC Design Manual

(SPD, Wet Labs, etc)

D. For 100% outside air AHU’s, include a Thermal/Heat Recover method (Glycol Loop, Plate &

Frame Heat Exchanger, etc)

E. Heat Recover on General Exhaust: Heat Wheel or Desiccant Heat Wheel should be considered for Admin spaces (not to be used in patient areas).

F. Insure proper insulation thickness on duct work and AHU enclosures. Pay special attention to

AHU’s and duct work in attics or hot/humid Mech Rms. Utilize modern ductwork design and insulation standards and develop insulation/ductwork design that save the most energy.

Minimum insulation thickness should be 2 inches on interior HVAC supply lines. The duct work leakage objective is to obtain ASHRAE Standard 90.1, Seal Class A on major supply lines and

Seal Class B on return and exhaust lines.

G. Use NEMA premium efficiency motors

H. Use 480V on larger motors and VFD’s.

I. Controls and Interface for AHU’s with DDC Controlled VAV’s, shall include:

1) Reset Supply Air Temp (SAT) based on worst-case-zones (selectable) Air Terminal

Unit’s average load demand from poling VAV/ATU damper position percent. Also allow select ATU’s to be ignored in the poling. Per ASHRAE Standard 90.1, The SAT (to VAV’s with reheat) shall be reset higher by 5 degrees under minimum cooling load conditions.

SA Temp should have a max and min temp control limits. The SAT StPt should be adjusted within these limits. Use a default SAT StPt and then adjust (inc/decrease by temp value and reset delay time) based on VAV/ATU damper position. Also see example screen shots from a typical VAMC at Appendix H. Also see VA Sustainable

Design & Energy Reduction Manual, section 2, “Warmest Supply Temp Reset”.

a. Night Setback Schedule for Night/Weekend/Holiday unoccupied setback shall be used to the maximum extent practical for non-patient spaces that will not negatively impact patent safety. Use AHU temp and Static Pressure/CFM for AHU’s that serve

VAV’s with override capability. Insure night setback override in each space from terminal unit/VAV at all T-stats. See Part 6 of this document for VAV Requirements and Design

Intent.

b. Use optimized setback start/stop programming

2) Economizers: Reset with outside enthalpy Vs Return Air Enthalpy. Example: Enthalpy controls – The systems designer should describe how to treat the relationships between

Outside Air (OA) and Return Air (RA) and how that relationship will be utilized to generate the Mixed Air (MA) mass that is the least costly to condition.

a. When RA is the lowest cost air mass to condition, the sequence of operation should specify that the system will utilize the minim amount of OA as possible while remaining compliant with ASHRAE requirements for OA content.

b. When OA is the lowest cost air mass to condition, the sequence of operation should specify that the system will utilize the maximum amount of OA possible by exhausting as much RA as necessary to generate the desired MA temp.

c. The BMS should then modulate the OA damper, the EA damper and the MA damper is such a manner as to mix the OA and RA air masses generating the desired conditions in you MA air mass. In this fashion the BMS system will minimize the energy required to condition the space.

d. Unoccupied Mode – During unoccupied mode, the system shall have the ability

(selectable mode) to run in 100% re-circulatory mode, with the outdoor air damper fully closed, to maintain night setback temperature, See VA HVAC Design Manual.

3) Static Pressure and CFM Reset: Based on worst case zone VAV’s. See EnergyStar.gov

“Modify Controls” document. AHU Static Pressure adjustments, can be implemented as explained in the below VA sequence of operations logic:

a. The following reset method and values are examples; A-E to evaluated and recommend actual method and values for each project. Reset the static pressure setpoint using a

Trim and Respond logic within the range of 0.5” WG to 1.5” WG. When the fan is started the setpoint should be 1.0” and the setpoint trimmed by 0.04” every two minutes of if there are two or fewer zones pressure requests. If there are more than two zone pressure request, respond by increasing the setpoint by 0.06”. A zone pressure request is generated when a VAV damper is greater than 95% open until it drops to

80% open. All set points shall be adjustable through the operator workstation.

b. For non-patient areas, also utilize night setback (Summer & Winter mode) Static

Pressure setback. Setback shall not reduce CFM more than 50% of design occupied

CFM, see VA HVAC System and Control; Design Considerations General Guidance.

c. To assist with air volume setback, include Carbon Dioxide sensors in space/return air.

d. AHU Return Fans should track the Supply fan reset changes or use a CFM offset adjustment that is also based on a trend and respond reset method, see examples at

Appendix H.

e. Include discharge air temp vs discharge air temp stpt graph on each AHU graphic page.

f. Show AHU static pressure sensor location on DDC floor plans. Display Static

Pressure SetPt and actual value in inches.

g. Also see VA Sustainable Design & Energy Reduction Manual, section 2 for other info on variable ventilation rate methods and 50% CRM setback. Also see HVAC

Design Guide for info on 50% CFM reduction during unoccupied mode.

4) For each AHU, show VAV Summary page that displays VAV unit #, Occupied/Unoccupied status, space temp, space StPt, Reheat Valve Pos, discharge air temp (DAT), CFM StPt, CFM actual and Damper position. Also include color on Space Temp to indicate over/under temp conditions. See example at Appendix H for VAV/ATU summary page and see Appendix A for color and temp limits for each color.

5) Possible starting point of SAT Reset (tune reset parameters based on observed performance and to maintain space comfort). This is used, only if reset cannot be accomplished with

Return Air Enthalpy.

OAT SAT

95 55

60 60

4. Part 4, AHU (without DDC Controlled VAV’s) Requirements and Design

Intent: For existing AHU’s without DDC controlled VAV’s, comply with the above Part 3 requirements, except for the following design requirements:

A. Reset Supply Air Temp (SAT) based on outside air enthalpy or Outside Air Temp (OAT). SAT would be proportionally adjusted between two points.

B. Economizers: Reset with outside enthalpy Vs Return Air Enthalpy.

C. Unoccupied Mode – During unoccupied mode, the system shall have the ability to run in 100% re-circulatory mode, with the outdoor air damper fully closed, to maintain night setback temperature, See VA HVAC Design Manual.

D. Static Pressure Reset: (for admin areas) based on night setback, Summer or Winter modes.

Objective is to reduce flow to 50 % (adjustable) of winter heating CFM requirement or min cooling CFM (whichever is less). Show AHU static pressure sensor location on DDC floor plans, with SP SetPt and actual Setpoint reading displayed.

E. Possible starting points for SAT reset (Tune the reset parameters based on observed performance and to maintain space comfort). This is used, only if reset cannot be accomplished with Return Air

Enthalpy.

OAT SAT

75 55

60 60

5. Part 5, Exhaust Fan Requirement and Design Intent: The following design requirements shall be utilized on this project’s Exhaust Fan design:

A. Utilize energy efficient Cogged Synchronous drive belts and use NEMA premium efficiency motors.

B. Larger EF’ s (over 3 HP) should be 480V.

C. See VFD checklist design intent.

6. Part 6, VAV Requirements and Design Intent: The following design requirements shall be utilized on this project’s terminal unit’s and VAV’s:

A. Each VAV box shall be programmed with a max and min set point for each thermostat independent of the thermostat setting. The DDC system shall set a dead-band range and this will prevent occupants from setting values outside of this range.

B. Space Temp & CFM Setback: All VAV’s shall have temp set points and CFM occupied/unoccupied capability for nights/weekends/holiday setback. This capability is important, ever if the current use of this feature is not utilized, the set point values would be set the same in each mode. This will allow the facility to save a significant amount of energy and money. Eliminating or reducing the air flow through VAV boxes will allow fan motors to utilize their VFD drives and reduce speed and energy use. With less air flow across the heating and/or cooling coils, less energy is removed from your heating/cooling system which in turn allows your hot water heaters or boilers or chillers to slow down saving additional energy. With less air flow, the system will require less humidification which saves additional water and energy.

[See AHU-22 graphics]

C. Use Space Temp & CFM setpoints that are easy to understand (i.e. heating stpt, cooling stpt, stpt adjust by +/-, space t-stat stpt) and show controlling method (system or space wall sensor/T-stat).

System should have a programmed range for each VAV box where no matter where the occupant sets their desired temp, the space will never get colder than the preset minimum nor will it get hotter than your preset maximum. Night setback shall be used on all administrative space and any clinical spaces where use of night setback will not negatively impact patient safety.

1) During unoccupied mode, the CFM flowing into the space shall be reduced to a preset CFM valve (adjustable). Some areas may need no or very little flow, as long as the temperature is maintained within the dead-band range. Based on the type of space, consideration shall be given to odor control and flushing the space to prevent order buildup. Other areas, such as

Surgical Suite and Spinal Cord Injury/Disorders Center, set back to 50% of the designed occupied air flow is allowed, see VA HVAC Design Manual for details.

2) Temperatures shall be allowed to fluctuate over a wider range (selectable). The loop shall be expanded to at least twice the normal operating range allowing for both warmer and colder temps than are allowable during occupied hours.

3) Night setback shall have a simple override that allows both the room occupants (via the wall t-stat control) and controls operator to add periods of occupied time (i.e. 30 min or 1 hour, selectable a DDC frontend) to the room occupied time, after which the room would revert back to the original Night Setback schedule. For after-hours use of the space, the space occupiants shall be able to push a button on the wall T-stat and override the unoccupied mode for X minutes/hours.

4) Program with optimize start/stop

5) Time Schedules for occupied and unoccupied modes individual, zone and global. Use a graphical display of an occupied/unoccupied temp range. see example at appendix.

D. Include space temp vs space temp stpt graph on each VAV.

E. Appendix H has a VAV screen example from another VAMC that meets the above requirements.

F. DDC graphic floor plans shall include “Area Served:” for each VAV, location of the VAV box, supply/return grills and location of wall T-stat.

G. For each VAV, include info on a VAV Summary page, see AHU Design Intent section above.

H. See VA Sustainable Design Manual, for other info on variable ventilation rate methods and

CFM setback. Also see HVAC Design Guide for info on unoccupied mode, and CFM reduction during unoccupied mode.

I. VAV & TU Reheat: Reset the Reheat temp based on OAT.

7. Part 7, VFD Requirements and Design Intent: The following design requirements shall be utilized on this project’s VFD design. .

A. VFD’s shall be installed on all new or modified AHU’s, large Return Fans, Large Exhaust Fans and Fume/Bio-Safety Exhaust Fans. By requiring a VFD drive on the supply and return air fan motors the facility will save energy in two ways. First, the VFD drive will always have the motor operating at peak efficiency. A motor that is oversized for its task will use a disproportionate amount of energy as motors are less efficient when they are not fully loaded.

Installing VFD drives on these fan motors for a continuous air system also makes it easier to re-configure this system to a variable air volume (VAV) system in the future.

B. VFD’s shall interface with the ECC frontend and as a minimum include the following:

1) Status, start/stop

2) Status, speed

3) On-off command

4) Belt break alarm

5) VFD alarm

6) Graphics on ECC

7) Mode status, Hand-Auto-Off

8) Energy usage KW and KWH used by fan/drive

9) Etc.

C. VFD’s should be 480V, Dan Foss (or approved equal) units (this is site standard, due to patient safety and Hospital mission).

D. Individual motors serving variable flow devices and having a motor speed exceeding 3 HP shall use variable speed controls that result in pump motor demand of no more than 30% of design watage at 50% of design flow.

8. Part 8, Unused at this time.

9.

10. Part 9, Air-to-Air Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger (HX) Requirements and Design Intent:

A. Air-to-Air Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger shall be used on 100 % outside air AHU’s and on large exhaust fan systems when practical. Typical set points, all shall be adjustable and tuned as required. A-E to investigate and recommend optimal design configuration and settings:

1) OAT < 55, Operate HX, maintain CFM set point. If exhaust air leaving HX is below 35 degrees, face & bypass damper shall modulate until discharge air temp raises above 36 degrees.

2) 55 < OAT < 75, Shut down HX.

3) OAT>75, Operate HX to maintain CFM set point.

11. Part 10, Boilers and Steam Systems:

A. See VA TIL Steam Generation Design Guides, Steam Distribution and VA Alerts at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dManual.asp and http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alert.asp

B. See VA TIL for Design Alerts, such as “Steam Trap Monitoring System, Alert #117” at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp#hvac

C. Steam Traps: Per the above Design Alert #117, Orifice Steam Traps should not be used.

Inverted bucket traps with thermal vent buckets should be used for steam line drip service.

Closed float-thermostatic traps should be used for heat exchangers which have modulating steam control valves.

D.

E. Boilers shall have stack economizers.

F. Boilers shall have automatic blow down.

G. New Boilers shall have combustion air fans on VFD drive.

H. Only the highest efficiency boilers should be considered for new plants.

I. Boilers shall have automated oxygen trim controls

J. The following info is for general engineering reference and design considerations, this is not for project requirements:

Steam system improvements:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steamsourcebook.p df

Mechanical Insulation Design Guide, at www.wbdg.org/midg for more on steam system insulation http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dManual.asp http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alert.asp http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/alertDesign.asp#hvac http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steamsourcebook.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steamsourcebook.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/midg

For more information on insulation, refer to Steam Tip Sheets #2 and #17, Insulate

Steam Distribution and Condensate Return Lines and Install Removable Insulation on

Uninsulated Valves and Fittings at: manufacturing.energy.gov http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam2_insulate.pd f http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam17_valves_fit tings.pdf

Steam System Survey Guide:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam_survey_guid e.pdf

Condensing Boiler Economizer in:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam26a_condensi ng.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam26b_condensi ng.pdf

Steam Trap Inspection and Repair info:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam1_traps.pdf

Part 11, Lighting and Lighting Controls:

All building spaces that are renovated shall include upgrade of existing lighting to energy efficient lighting systems.

Lighting, General Energy Saving Requirements:

A. Lighting shall be in compliance with ASHRAE 90.1- 2010 – Part 2, Lighting Controls and VA Design

Manual, Chapter 6.

B. Design shall be for energy efficient lighting. For example, building energy efficiency will be increased by using T-8 lighting with programmed electronic ballasts, LED lighting, CFL’s, etc. See Energy Star

Building Upgrade Manual, Chapter 6 for more detail on lighting, at the following link;

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.EPA_BUM_CH6_Lighting

1) Electronic Ballast: electronic programmed start ballasts shall be used on all fluorescent fixtures, unless another type is required for unique applications.

C. Include infrared (IR) and ultrasonic (US) or dual technology (IR & US) occupancy sensor lighting controls in offices, class rooms, store rooms, warehouses, restrooms, day rooms, and conference rooms, select exam rooms, non-inpatient hallways and similar spaces. See Energy Star Building Upgrade

Manual, Chapter 6 for more detail on lighting, at the following link;

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.EPA_BUM_CH6_Lighting .

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam2_insulate.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam2_insulate.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam17_valves_fittings.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam17_valves_fittings.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam_survey_guide.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam_survey_guide.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam26a_condensing.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam26a_condensing.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam26b_condensing.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam26b_condensing.pdf http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/tech_assistance/pdfs/steam1_traps.pdf http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.EPA_BUM_CH6_Lighting http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.EPA_BUM_CH6_Lighting

D. All Occupancy Sensors shall be from the same manufacture. Occupancy sensors should use manual DIP switches or dials to adjust functions; such as timeout, range, operating mode, ambient light level, override, etc. Select sensor Coverage Area based on the actual space SF and layout. Based on the lighting layout, utilize Line-Voltage or Low-Voltage sensors. After installation of the occupancy sensors, contractor to coordinate with VA COR and follow manufactures suggestions to set optimal operating modes and sensor settings based on the actual space conditions.

E. During low use or unoccupied periods, such as during evenings, nights, and weekends, corridor light levels will be reduced. Emergency lighting circuits in corridors and other spaces shall always remain on

(lighted) and provide a minimum egress lighting level (see NFPA 101 and VA Lighting Design Guide for details) for low-use periods. Any areas of reduced lighting may have lighting levels raised in support of specific clinical needs or in order to carry out specific activities (e.g., intermittent use, cleaning activities, etc.), however, lights will be reduced back to low use or unoccupied level at the completion of activity requiring higher level of light.

F. Stairway lighting shall be designed with occupancy sensors to allow reduced (50%, adjustable or to min fc level for security and safety) lighting levels during unoccupied periods.

G. Patient areas will be maintained at lighting levels appropriate to patient care as determined by the clinical staff and VA Design Guide requirements.

H. Lighting levels and control in animal care areas will be as recommended by research staff and VA

Design Guide requirements.

I. Design should optimize natural light. Also investigate use of Daylight Harvesting, in which electric lights are dimmed or turned off in response to the presence of daylight.

J. Generally, interior finishes having good light reflectance will be utilized.

K. Investigate integrating lighting controls with HVAC DDC controls for HVAC ventilation rate setback on select spaces.

L. See Appendix C of this document Office Lighting Checklist and Appendix G, Initial Settings for occupancy/motion sensors in New or Renovated Space of this document.

Appendix A, DDC Frontend User Interface, Example from Recent

Nashville VAMC projects:

General Graphical Objectives: The workstation shall allow the operator to access various system schematics and floor plans via a graphical penetration scheme, menu selection, or text based commands.

Graphic software shall permit the importing of AutoCAD or scanned pictures in the industry standard format (such as PCX, BMP, GIF, and JPEG) for use in the system.

System Graphics shall be project specific and schematically correct for each system. (ie: coils, fans, dampers located per equipment supplied with project.) Standard system graphics that do not match equipment or system configurations are not acceptable. Operator shall have capability to manually operate the entire system from each graphic screen at the ECC. Each system graphic shall include a button/tab to a display of the applicable sequence of operation.

Dynamic temperature values, humidity values, flow rates, and status indication shall be shown in their locations and shall automatically update to represent current conditions without operator intervention and without pre-defined screen refresh values.

Color shall be used to indicate status and change in status of the equipment. The state of colors shall be user definable.

Graphic Floor Plan Requirements: The following items shall be listed on the floor plan graphical drawing for each floor or section of a floor. The items shall be shown as an icon (or text ID) on the floor plan that will bring up another level of graphical and text details. Include floor plans for related spaces, such as Mech rooms. Floor plan graphics shall show heating and cooling zones throughout the floors in a range of colors, which provide a visual display of temperature relative to their respective setpoints.

The colors shall be updated dynamically as a zone's actual temperature to setpoint changes:

Floor plan backgrounds shall include walls (as single lines),zones (as double lines), stairs and room numbers. If the floor plan is to busy, then divide up the floor plan into different sections. Consider using the ability to fade the floor plan itself into the background, i.e. fade it out so that it can be seen, but faintly. And then have the important data in the foreground, so it stands out.

Show locations of key space sensors: T-stat, static pressure station (with reading) and humidistat. In addition to showing AHU Static Pressure sensor location on floor plan, show Static Pressure Set Point and actual value in inches.

Show each VAV or box that serves each area and show the limits of that space boundary. If the graphics are too busy, then divide up into different sections.

Use colors and icons to distinguish different equipment items.

Floor plans to be vector based to allow for zooming in and out of floor plans.

Special Controllers and Special Rooms: Show locations with icons or text on the drawing for Bio-Safety

Cabinets, Fume hoods, Differential Pressure, Tissue Culture, Open Lab, Microscopy, and Animal

Procedure areas. Selecting the item shall bring up a screen with status details for that space/equipment.

The following spaces have special equipment and controls: Bio-Safety Cabinets, Fume hoods, Tissue

Culture, Open Lab, Microscopy, Instrument, and Animal Procedure areas. Selecting these rooms (or equipment) on the Floor level drawing should bring up a screen with specific details for that space/equipment. This detail screen should include:

1) Graphics showing the inter-relationship of the space and major equipment items, shall include:

a) Lab enclosure/boundary lines,

b) Hoods,

c) Show associated exhaust fans for each Lab area or Hood. If needed show icon/fan number outside of floor footprint with connection line to the related space or hood for the following:

i) Dedicated fumehood exhaust fan,

ii) Exhaust valve (CV),

iii) General exhaust,

d) Supply/makeup air valve,

e) Differential Pressure/Offset Controller

f) Related VFD’s, etc.

2) Readings/monitoring points should include:

a) Alarms,

b) CFM’s,

c) Balance,

d) Hood face velocity,

e) Show air flow direction,

f) Mode,

g) Start/stop and fan motor run status (if available)

h) VFD info, on/off/hand, percent, alarm, etc.

i) Flow tracking/monitoring,

j) Temps (discharge air, space),

k) Damper min & max,

l) Pressures, etc. (see spec section 23-0923, para 2.8 for Special Controllers)

Show associated exhaust fans for each major area on each floor plan. If necessary show icon/fan numbers outside of floor footprint with connection line to the related space.

Show fire/smoke damper locations and status (open/closed).

Set-point adjustment and color band displays should be provided at the room level screen.

The floor plan maps shall show heating and cooling zones throughout the building space in a range of colors which provide a visual display of temperature relative to their respective setpoint.

Colors shall be updated dynamically. Each space shall show (via colors that are user definable) the operational status of the space temp, for example:

Light Gray - Unoccupied

Non-Gray color - Occupied, see below colors

Light Yellow - Space temp is less than 3-deg F above set point

Dark Yellow - Space temp is 3-deg F or more above set point limits

Light Blue - Space temp is less than 3-deg F below set point

Dark Blue - Space temp is 3-deg F or more below set point, Red – Space temp is more than 5-deg F above or below set point limits, includes alarm.

Pink - Communications failure

Click on any of the data displays for related AHU (i.e. DAT) and operator is taken to AHU graphic.

Click on HWS temp to go to heating system equipment, etc.

Screen Information Outside of Floor Plan: On each floor plan screen, include the following (outside of the floor footprint): Show associated AHU’s serving the selected floor as an icon (with alarm status color and AHU #). Click on icon to display AHU details in a pop-up window.

AHU’s screens: Mechanical system graphics shall show the type of mechanical system components serving any zone through the use of a pictorial representation of components. Selected I/O points being controlled or monitored for each piece of equipment shall be displayed with the appropriate engineering units.

Animation shall be used for rotation or moving mechanical components to enhance usability, such as to show if louvers/valves are open, closed or partially open, temp of fluids, etc.

Use animation to show fans are running. Also show start/stop command and actual fan run status. VFD info, on/off/hand, percent, alarm, actual load in KW, belt break alarm, etc.

Show discharge air static pressure.

Insure AHU controls has capability for auto restart after AC power failure.

Exhaust Fan Summary page for, example is the “ACRE Building Exhaust Fans”: Show location reference for each exhaust fan.

Clicking on room or VAV number would take you to VAV graphic and details.

The VAV list screen shall show all VAV's associated with that floor plan screen. The VAV list should also show Room number, VAV #, Zone temp, air flow required, air flow actual, DAT for VAV, SP for space temp and position of reheat.

Trend reports shall be generated on demand or pre-defined schedule and directed to monitor display, printers or disk. As a minimum, the system shall allow the operator to easily obtain the following types of reports:

1. A general list of all selected points in the network.

2. List of all points in the alarm.

3. List of all points in the override status.

4. List of all disabled points.

5. List of all points currently locked out.

6. List of user accounts and password access levels.

7. List of weekly schedules.

8. List of holiday programming.

9. List of limits and dead bands.

10. Custom reports.

11. System diagnostic reports, including, list of digital controllers on the network.

12. List of programs.

Scheduling and Override: Provide a calendar type format for time-of-day scheduling and overrides of building control systems. Schedules reside in the ECC. The workstation, digital controllers shall ensure equipment time scheduling when the ECC is off-line. The ECC shall not be required to execute time scheduling. Provide the following spreadsheet graphics as a minimum:

a. Weekly schedules.

b. Zone schedules, minimum of 100 zones.

c. Scheduling up to 365 days in advance.

d. Scheduled reports to print at workstation.

Collection and Analysis of Historical Data: Provide trending capabilities that will allow the operator to monitor and store records of system activity over an extended period of time. Points may be trended automatically on time based intervals or change of value, both of which shall be user definable.

Appendix B, HVAC Energy Checklist

The following was developed with input from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. A-E designers should use the below checklist to ensure relevant HVAC Energy items have been implemented and proper design considerations have been investigated.

____ Reduce Ventilation Rates

One of the largest energy wasting items is having 100% outside air (OA) ventilation for areas that don’t require it. Common areas that require 100% OSA are OR’s, SPD, Lab, and Research

Labs, all other areas should be examined to make sure that proper ventilation rates are being used. Consider installing variable frequency drives on OA and EA fans to reduce speed/flow rates during unoccupied times.

____ Eliminate Duct Leakage

Periodically trace main HVAC duct runs and listen for air leaks in both the duct system and in the compressed air system, if you have one. Confirm that your duct static pressure set point is within the pressure class of the installed ductwork before repairing your leaks.

____ Investigate Duct Static Pressure

For VAV systems, review your duct static pressure set points and adjust them as low as possible while keeping all VAV dampers below 90% open. If you have VAV dampers at 100% open, don’t reduce your SP set point, but look at why the space is calling for so much cooling. Can heat load be removed from the space?

____ Check the Function of Heating & Cooling Valves

Check all heating and cooling valves for proper operation. Check the heating valve in the winter by shutting off the valve and checking the air handler mixed air and discharge temperatures. If the valve is closed but the air is still getting warmed up by the coil then your valve isn’t closing entirely and you would still be heating the air in summer time when the valve is supposed to be closed. Do the same procedure for your cooling valve in the summer time.

____ Verify the Correct Operation Air Handler Dampers

Confirm that all AHU dampers are operating correctly. Have an operator force all dampers open and closed and visually confirm that they are closing and…