2051-1M02_WildlandFireOHVStandard_01-19-22.pdf

Wildland Fire Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) Standard Issue Date: June 2020

Supersedes: Initial Release

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1 Standard Origin and Need

The Wildland Fire Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) Standard was developed at the request of the National Technology and Development Program (NTDP) Fire and Aviation

Management Steering Committee. The original NTDP project proposal indicated that wildland firefighters often used OHVs (e.g., utility-task vehicles (UTVs), all-terrain vehicles

(ATVs)) designed primarily for consumer applications on incidents without having the appropriate safety equipment, accessories, or implements for the safe and efficient use of these vehicles in an industrial application. It was proposed that the creation of a Wildland

Fire OHV Standard would be highly beneficial. This standard may also be of value to other

Federal wildland firefighting agencies. The standard includes minimum vehicle requirements (MVRs) for safe operation during a wildfire or prescribed fire activities.

NTDP will update this standard as newer OHV technologies become commercially available or when it is determined that some of the minimum vehicle requirements need to be revised. Contact NTDP for additional information:

USDA Forest Service

National Technology & Development Program

Phone: 406–329–3978 or 909–599–1267

Email: wo_mtdc_pubs@usda.gov

Email: mailroom_wo_sdtdc@usda.gov

Table of Contents

1 Standard Origin and Need

2 Record of Revisions

3 General

3.1 Background

3.2 Scope

3.3 Application

4 Reference Documents

4.1 Standards and specifications

Multipurpose off-highway utility vehicles

Recreational off-highway vehicles

Four-wheel all-terrain vehicles

Spark arresters for internal combustion engines

4.2 Regulations

Requirements for all-terrain vehicles

State and local laws

4.3 Forest Service policy and guides

Driver-operator guidance

Interagency standards

5 Definitions

5.1 ATV

5.2 CPSC

5.3 Curb weight

5.4 CVT

5.5 Drivetrain

5.6 GVWR

5.7 May

5.8 MOHUV

5.9 Occupant protective system

5.10 OPEI

5.11 OPS

5.12 ORS

5.13 ROHVA

5.14 ROPS

5.15 ROV

5.16 Shall

5.17 Should

5.18 Spark arrester

5.19 Street legal OHV

5.20 SVIA

5.21 UTV

5.22 Wheel travel

5.23 Vehicle payload capacity

6 MVR #1— All-Purpose Side-by-Side for Personnel and Cargo Transport

6.1 General

6.2 Minimum requirements

Mandatory standards compliance

Number of seats

Vehicle capacities

Engine

Electrical charging system

Radiator

Transmission

Gear train

Steering

Brakes

Brake, parking

Fuel tank

Exhaust

Suspension

Machine guards

Bumper

Tow hooks

Hitch

Winch

Tires and wheels

Lighting equipment

Reflectors

Audio warning devices

Mirrors

Ingress/egress provisions

Seats

Mudflaps

Instrumentation and power outlets

7 MVR #2—Advanced Scout Vehicles

7.1 General

7.2 Minimum requirements

Mandatory standards compliance

Number of seats

Vehicle capacities

Engine

Electrical charging system

Radiator

Transmission

Gear train

Steering

Brakes

Brake, parking

Fuel tank

Exhaust

Suspension

Machine guards

Bumper

Tow hooks

Hitch

Winch

Tires and wheels

Lighting equipment

Reflectors

Audio warning devices

Mirrors

Ingress/egress provisions

Seats

Mudflaps

Instrumentation and power outlets

8 MVR #3—All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV), Type 1

8.1 General

8.2 Minimum requirements

Mandatory standards compliance

Number of seats

Vehicle capacities

Engine

Electrical charging system

Radiator

Transmission

Gear train

Steering

Brakes

Brake, parking

Fuel tank

Exhaust

Suspension

Machine guards

Tow hooks

Hitch

Winch

Tires and wheels

Lighting equipment

Reflectors

Audio warning devices

Mirrors

Instrumentation and power outlet

9 Accessory and Implement Evaluation and Approval Process

9.1 Introduction

9.2 What is covered by this process?

Nonapproved accessories

Exceeds GVWR

Machine handling or system wear/failure

9.3 Basic rules and performance tests

GVWR

Operator’s manual

Required performance tests

9.4 Evaluation of accessories

Pre-test checks

Test procedures

9.5 Evaluation of towed implements

Pre-test checks

Test procedures

9.6 Equipped weight and allowable payload

Equipped weight

Allowable payload

9.7 Approving entity for accessory or implement

Approval options

9.8 Documentation

Web page

10 Appendix—Brief Summary of Applicable Consensus Standards

10.1 ANSI/SVIA 1–2017

10.2 ANSI/OPEI B71.9–2016 [MOHUV]

10.3 ANSI/ROHVA 1-2016

11 Appendix B—Side-by-Side Comparison of Vehicle Standards

2 Record of Revisions

Date Revision summary

XX/XX/XXXX Initial Release

Date Revision summary

3 General

3.1 Background

Development of this standard involved several concurrent actions. Project efforts included:

• Assembling a project advisory group to help guide the project

• Reviewing interagency SAFENETs and material from the Wildland Fire Lessons

Learned Center

• Sending a questionnaire out to the Federal wildland firefighting community

• Obtaining and evaluating existing industry off-highway vehicle (OHV) consensus standards and related regulations

• Reviewing Forest Service and interagency “Red Book” guidance regarding the use of

OHVs

• Reviewing the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) product literature

• Contacting OEMs and OHV retailers

• Contacting OHV performance test facilities

• Formulating this standard

The NTDP questionnaire revealed that although wildland firefighters use a variety of implements—from farm tractors to skid steers to airboats—on wildland fires, they primarily use smaller OHVs: utility-task vehicles (UTVs; called “motorized off-highway utility vehicles,” or MOHUVs, by industry), recreational off-highway vehicles (ROVs) and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Hence, this standard includes these three types of OHVs.

With OHV accidents in the general public on the rise, the U.S. Consumer Products Safety

Commission (CPSC) acted and contracted an engineering firm to conduct vehicle handling and stability research. This led to a draft notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to improve the safety features and handling characteristics of these vehicles. OHV industry organizations, Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI) and Recreational Off-

Highway Vehicle Association (ROHVA), were also concerned and upgraded their voluntary consensus standards in 2016 to the extent that the CPSC did not follow through with mandatory regulations. The foundation of this Wildland Fire OHV Standard relies heavily on those consensus standards with a few enhancements from questionnaire feedback. It should be noted that full implementation of these 2016 voluntary consensus standards did not occur until 2018. Not all OHV equipment manufacturers are members of

OPEI or ROHVA, so it is the responsibility of the purchasing or ordering office to ensure all newly purchased, leased, or rented UTVs, MOHUVs, or ROVs that firefighters use in wildland or prescribed fire operations conform to these standards. ATV standards are mandated by regulation (16 CFR Part 1420) and incorporate Specialty Vehicle Institute of

America (SVIA) consensus standards by reference.

Feedback from the wildland firefighting community identified which OHV features were known to enhance safety and efficiency on the fireline. Firefighters also identified common problems, how their vehicle’s design caused or contributed to the problem (e.g., inadequate power to climb hills, overheating problems, inefficient transmission and clutch design, flats because of inadequate tires, high centering or broken suspensions, damage because of inadequate machine guards), and suggestions for overcoming the problem. In other words, what worked and what didn’t work in the demanding wildland fire environment?

Analysis of the questionnaires and phone interviews revealed a field need for more than a one-size-fits-all vehicle. This standard presents minimum vehicle requirements (MVRs) for three categories of vehicles:

• An all-purpose side-by-side OHV that can handle personnel and cargo transport missions

• A more capable side-by-side or single-seat OHV for scouting missions

• A single-seat ATV

For each of these categories, this standard specifies minimum safety enhancements and performance capabilities when most of the questionnaire respondents said they improved either mission safety or efficiency and advisory group (AG) members concurred.

After determining what the firefighting community said they needed to “get the job done” safely and efficiently, we (NTDP employees) conducted a market search to see what vehicles and accessories were commercially available that could meet the field’s needs rather than design a custom machine from scratch. We used this approach because it was more cost effective. After looking at the OEM literature, it became apparent that we should also address any vehicle limitations identified in the owner/operator manual. For example, the 2018 Polaris Ranger, General, and RZR operator manuals prohibit the carrying of flammable liquids.

While not required in the MVRs, there are times during firefighting operations when personnel need to operate an OHV on a public roadway or on pavement. Making the OHV street legal would increase the margin of safety for the operator and the vehicle would be compliant with State laws. Chapter 6 lists common equipment requirements under the definition of “street legal.” Not all States have the same equipment requirements to make an OHV street legal. Ensure that you consider all States where you will be operating the

OHV and configure your OHV accordingly.

Firefighters have built and installed many backyard innovative designs on their OHVs.

One area they may not have fully considered is the degradation of the vehicle’s handling characteristics and braking ability, especially if it is overloaded (exceeds its gross vehicle weight rating—GVWR). The intent of this standard is for field units to work with NTDP to thoroughly evaluate any accessory or implement not explicitly approved by the vehicle’s

OEM. The OHV industry consensus standards contain some vehicle performance tests to evaluate these new vehicle accessories and implements. Some of the tests require contracting specialized testing facilities and services.

NTDP will be involved in coordinating the evaluation, but the National Wildfire

Coordinating Group will approve any accessory or implement before it can be used on an interagency basis. Also, when a Forest Service unit wants to significantly modify an OHV or do something prohibited by the owner’s manual, they shall first obtain approval from the

Washington Office, Director of Engineering (or designee). Other Federal agencies and

States that use this standard may have additional approval requirements.

3.2 Scope

This standard establishes minimum vehicle requirements (MVRs) for off-highway vehicles

(OHVs) that firefighters use on wildland fires and prescribed fires.

This standard focuses on the vehicle configuration only and does not address personal protective equipment (PPE), training and certification, or mission appropriateness. The requirements for PPE are issued in Forest Service policies and guides.

3.3 Application

This standard applies to UTVs/MOHUVs, ROVs, and Type 1 ATVs (single seat) that personnel assigned to wildfires and prescribed fires use.

When acquiring a UTV/MOHUV through purchase, lease, or rental, it is the responsibility of the purchasing or ordering office to require documentation or certification that the vehicle conforms to

ANSI/OPEI Standard B71.9–2016 or latest revision.

When acquiring an ROV through purchase, lease, or rental, it is the responsibility of the purchasing or ordering office to require documentation or certification that the vehicle conforms to

ANSI/ROHVA Standard 1–2016 or latest revision for ROVs.

When acquiring an ATV through purchase, lease, or rental, it is the responsibility of the purchasing or ordering office to require documentation or certification that the vehicle conforms to

ANSI/SVIA 1–2017 standard or latest revision.

4 Reference Documents

4.1 Standards and specifications

Multipurpose off-highway utility vehicles

ANSI/OPEI B71.9–2016 (effective 8-2-2018)—American National Standard for

Multipurpose Off-Highway Utility Vehicles.

Available from: Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, 341 South Patrick Street, Alexandria, VA, 22314, (703) 549–7600. Visit the OPEI Product Safety Standards Listing website

<https://www.opei.org/services/product-safety-standards/product-standards-listing/>.

Recreational off-highway vehicles

ANSI/ROHVA 1–2016—American National Standard for Recreational Off-Highway

Vehicles

Available from: Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association, 2 Jenner, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92618, (949) 255–2560. Visit the ROHVA website <http://www.rohva.org>.

Four-wheel all-terrain vehicles

ANSI/SVIA 1–2017—American National Standard for Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles

Available from: Specialty Vehicle Institute of America, 2 Jenner, Suite 150, Irvine, CA

92618, (949) 727–3727. Visit the SVIA website <http://www.svia.org>.

Spark arresters for internal combustion engines

USDA FS-5100-1d—United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Standard for

Spark Arresters for Internal Combustion Engines https://www.opei.org/services/product-safety-standards/product-standards-listing/ https://www.opei.org/services/product-safety-standards/product-standards-listing/ http://www.rohva.org/ http://www.rohva.org/ http://www.svia.org/ http://www.svia.org/

Available from: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1400 Independence

Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20150. Download or print an electronic copy of “Standard for Spark Arresters for Internal Combustion Engines” <https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/programs/fire/documents/FS5100-1D.pdf>.

4.2 Regulations

Requirements for all-terrain vehicles

16 CFR Part 1420—Requirements for All Terrain Vehicles

Available from: U.S. Government Printing Office, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations website <https://www.ecfr.gov>.

State and local laws

Consult State and local laws regarding the operation of OHVs on roadways and highways.

Determine the legal requirements for each State or local jurisdiction where you will be operating the OHV and whether special licensing or equipment is needed.

https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/programs/fire/documents/FS5100-1D.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/programs/fire/documents/FS5100-1D.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/programs/fire/documents/FS5100-1D.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/programs/fire/documents/FS5100-1D.pdf https://www.ecfr.gov/ https://www.ecfr.gov/

4.3 Forest Service policy and guides

Driver-operator guidance

EM-7130-2, July 2005 (revised)—Driver-Operator Guide

Available from: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1400 Independence

Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20150. Download or print an electronic copy of “Driver-

Operator Guide” <https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf07713801/pdf07713801dpi300.pdf>.

Interagency standards

NFES 2724—Interagency Standards for Fire and Aviation Operations, current version

Available from: National Interagency Fire Center, Great Basin Cache Supply Office, Boise, ID 83705-5354. Visit the NIFC website

<https://www.nifc.gov/policies/pol_ref_redbook.html>.

https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf07713801/pdf07713801dpi300.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf07713801/pdf07713801dpi300.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf07713801/pdf07713801dpi300.pdf https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf07713801/pdf07713801dpi300.pdf https://www.nifc.gov/policies/pol_ref_redbook.html https://www.nifc.gov/policies/pol_ref_redbook.html

5 Definitions

5.1 ATV

An ATV, or all-terrain vehicle, is a motorized off-highway vehicle designed to travel on four low-pressure tires. The operator straddles the seat and uses the vehicle’s handlebars for steering control. There are two types of ATVs (as designated by the manufacturer). A

Type 1 ATV is intended for use by a single operator and no passengers. Type 1 ATVs are further identified by three intended-use categories. Two categories are relevant to this standard: category G (general use model)—ATVs which are intended for recreational and/or utility use by an operator, age 16 or older; and category S (sport model)—ATVs which are intended for recreational use by an experienced operator, age 16 or older (SVIA

1–2017).

5.2 CPSC

Acronym for the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

5.3 Curb weight

The total weight of an operational vehicle with original equipment as manufactured or marketed; filled to the maximum capacity of engine fuel, engine oil, transmission and differential fluids, and coolant; but not the weight of the driver, passenger(s), accessories, attachments, and cargo. (OPEI B71.9–2016).

5.4 CVT

Acronym for continuously variable transmission. A CVT is a variable speed transmission that usually uses a rubber belt for power transmission.

5.5 Drivetrain

All components used to transmit power from the engine to the drive wheels, including, but not limited to, the clutch, the transmission, the transfer case, drive shafts, and the differential(s).

5.6 GVWR

Acronym for gross vehicle weight rating. GVWR is the maximum allowable total vehicle weight recommended by the manufacturer, including the vehicle’s curb weight plus the combined weights of all vehicle occupants, any cargo loads, the trailer tongue weight, and the weights of any installed options, attachments, and accessories. Installation of options, attachments, or accessories may reduce the allowable cargo capacity below the stated limit. (OPEI B71.9–2016).

5.7 May

This word is understood to be permissive.

5.8 MOHUV

Acronym for multipurpose off-highway utility vehicle. A MOHUV has features specifically intended for utility use and has the following characteristics (OPEI B71.9–2016):

• Intended to transport a person(s) and/or cargo with a top speed in excess of 25 miles per hour (40.2 kilometers per hour)

• 2,030 millimeters (80 inches) or less in overall width

• Designed to travel on four or more wheels, two or four tracks, or combinations of four or more tracks and wheels

• A steering wheel for steering control

• A non-straddle seat

• A GVWR of no more than 1,814 kilograms (4,000 pounds)

• A minimum cargo capacity of 159 kilograms (350 pounds)

5.9 Occupant protective system

A system intended to protect the operator and includes an occupant protective structure, occupant restraints, occupant side retention devices, and handholds (OPEI B71.9–2016).

5.10 OPEI

Acronym for Outdoor Power Equipment Institute which sponsors the Multipurpose Off-

Highway Utility Vehicle (MOHUV) Standard, ANSI/OPEI B71.9–2016.

5.11 OPS

Acronym for occupant protective structure. An OPS is a structure that provides a crush-resistant environment for properly restrained occupants in the event of a vehicle tipover or rollover (OPEI B71.9–2016).

5.12 ORS

Acronym for occupant retention system. An ORS is a system, including three-point seatbelts, for retaining the occupant(s) of a vehicle to reduce the probability of injury in the event of an accident (ROHVA 1–2016).

5.13 ROHVA

Acronym for Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association.

5.14 ROPS

Acronym for rollover protective structure. A system of structural members whose primary purpose is to reduce the risk of a properly restrained occupant(s) being crushed in the event of a vehicle rollover (ROHVA 1–2016).

5.15 ROV

Acronym for recreational off-highway vehicle. A ROV is a vehicle that is intended by the manufacturer for recreational use by one or more persons and may have secondary general utility applications. They conform to the ANSI/ROHVA standard. ROVs have the following characteristics:

• A steering wheel for steering control

• Foot controls for throttle and service brake

• Nonstraddle seating

• Maximum speed capability more than 30 miles per hour (48 kilometers per hour)

• A GVWR of no more than 1,700 kilograms (3,750 pounds)

• Less than 2,030 millimeters (80 inches) in overall width, exclusive of accessories

• Engine displacement equal to or less than 1,000 cubic centimeters (61 cubic inches) for gasoline-fueled engines

• Identification by means of a 17-character vehicle identification number (VIN)

5.16 Shall

This word is understood to require mandatory compliance.

5.17 Should

This word is understood to be advisory and the most preferred alternative.

5.18 Spark arrester

An exhaust system component which limits the size of carbon particles expelled from a tailpipe.

5.19 Street legal OHV

An OHV which has all the safety equipment required by State or local laws for use on public maintained roads or highways. These requirements vary from State to State.

Required items may include:

• Headlights (high/low beam)

• Taillights

• Brakelights

• Red rear reflectors

• Side reflectors

• Turn signals

• Mirrors (two)

• A horn

• Mudflaps

• A speedometer

• A windshield (unless eye protection is worn)

• A lighted license plate

• A muffler

• Seatbelts

5.20 SVIA

Acronym for the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America.

5.21 UTV

See definition for MOHUV.

5.22 Wheel travel

The displacement of a reference point on the suspension (such as the wheel axle) from when the suspension is fully extended (no force applied) to when it is fully compressed.

5.23 Vehicle payload capacity

GVWR minus any installed accessories, operating oils, and fuel. This payload includes all vehicle occupants, any cargo loads, and any trailer tongue weight.

6 MVR #1— All-Purpose Side-by-Side for Personnel and Cargo Transport

6.1 General

This chapter lists the minimum vehicle requirements (MVRs) necessary for safe and efficient personnel and cargo transport during wildland fire or prescribed fire operations.

MVR #1 requires that OHVs with side-by-side seat configuration (MOHUVs/UTVs or

ROVs) shall meet one of the two voluntary industry consensus standards in section 7.2.1.

This chapter includes requirements that may go beyond the minimums specified in either of the industry consensus standards described in section 7.2.1. The intent is to use industry consensus standards and input from the fire community to ensure that adequate safety and performance features are built into the basic vehicle while leaving final configuration upgrades and accessories up to each ordering unit. For aftermarket equipment (e.g., water handling package, UTV torch) not currently approved by the vehicle OEM (e.g., Honda and Yamaha), refer to Chapter 10, “Accessory and Implement

Evaluation and Approval Process.”

6.2 Minimum requirements

Mandatory standards compliance

The OHV shall meet the criterion defined in either of the following:

The vehicle shall be certified by the manufacturer to meet the ANSI/OPEI B71.9–2016

Standard for Motorized Off-Highway Utility Vehicles or latest revision.

The vehicle shall be certified by the manufacturer to meet the ANSI/ROHVA 1–2016

Standard or latest revision.

Number of seats

The OHV shall be equipped with a minimum of two and a maximum of six seats.

Vehicle capacities

6.2.3.1 Vehicle payload capacity

The vehicle payload capacity shall be a minimum of 1,000 pounds.

6.2.3.2 Rear box area (length x width)

The rear box area shall be a minimum of 8 square feet.

6.2.3.3 Rear box load capacity

The rear box load capacity shall be a minimum of 600 pounds.

6.2.3.4 Towing capacity

The towing capacity shall be a minimum of 1,500 pounds.

Engine

The engine shall be a 4-cycle, liquid-cooled, gasoline or diesel engine with the following features.

6.2.4.1 Displacement

The engine displacement shall be a minimum of 800 cubic centimeters.

6.2.4.2 Air cleaner

The engine air cleaner shall be dual element with the air intake positioned to prevent ingesting water.

6.2.4.3 Fuel

The engine operates on regular unleaded gasoline or diesel as appropriate.

6.2.4.4 Ignition

The ignition shall be electronic.

6.2.4.5 Fuel system

The fuel system shall be electronic fuel injection.

Electrical charging system

6.2.5.1 Alternator

The OHV shall have a heavy-duty, 12-volt direct current alternator that can power all installed electrical accessories simultaneously while keeping the battery fully charged.

6.2.5.2 Battery

The OHV shall have a 12-volt direct current, spill-proof sealed battery with absorbent glass mat (AGM) construction, cold cranking amps, and amp-hours optimized for electrical components in the system.

The OHV shall be equipped with a master shut-off switch that disconnects all electrical loads on the OHV.

Radiator

The chassis cooling system shall be capable of maintaining the normal engine temperature operating range at full engine load at 0 miles per hour.

Transmission

6.2.7.1 Continuously variable transmission (CVT)

The OHV shall have a CVT or multigeared automatic transmission.

6.2.7.2 Engine braking system (EBS)

The OHV shall have an EBS (or equivalent) that maintains engine and transmission connection to slow downhill descent with the throttle in the idle position.

6.2.7.3 Reverse gear

The OHV shall have a reverse gear.

Gear train

6.2.8.1 Four-wheel drive

The OHV shall have on-demand or full-time four-wheel drive.

6.2.8.2 Differential lock

The OHV shall have four-wheel drive differential locks.

6.2.8.3 Shaft driven gear system

The OHV shall have a shaft driven gear system.

Steering

The OHV shall have electronic power steering.

Brakes

The OHV shall have hydraulic disk brakes on all wheels.

Brake, parking

A parking brake is required. CVT and automatic transmissions with selectable “park” are acceptable.

Fuel tank

The fuel tank capacity shall be a minimum of 7.5 gallons.

Exhaust

The exhaust shall have a spark arrestor that meets Forest Service standard FS-5100-1d or latest version.

Suspension

6.2.14.1 Ground clearance

The ground clearance shall be a minimum of 11 inches.

6.2.14.2 Front suspension vertical wheel travel

The front suspension vertical wheel travel shall be a minimum of 10 inches.

6.2.14.3 Rear suspension vertical wheel travel

The rear suspension vertical wheel travel shall be a minimum of 10 inches.

6.2.14.4 Springs and shocks

The OHV shall have heavy-duty springs and shocks.

Machine guards

6.2.15.1 Skid plates

The OHV shall have full-length skid plates to protect driveline components.

6.2.15.2 Floor pan reinforcement

The OHV shall have a floor pan reinforcement to protect personnel.

6.2.15.3 Permanent rigid roof

The OHV shall have a permanent rigid roof.

6.2.15.4 Constant-velocity (CV) joint and boot axle protectors

The OHV shall have CV joint and boot axle protectors.

6.2.15.5 Personnel protective barrier

The OHV shall have a personal protective barrier between the vehicle cabin and bed, constructed of heavy metal bars, metal screen, or Lexan.

Bumper

The OHV shall have a heavy-duty front bumper with a brush guard.

Tow hooks

The OHV shall have two frame-mounted tow hooks—one front and one rear.

Hitch

The OHV shall have one standard, rear, frame-mounted, 2-inch receiver hitch, rated for a towing minimum of 1,500 pounds.

Winch

The winch shall be used only for vehicle recovery and not to perform work (e.g., to move logs).

The winch capacity shall be 1½ times the GVWR or ¾ GVWR plus a force-doubler (e.g., snatch block).

A synthetic (rope) winch line is preferred.

Tires and wheels

6.2.20.1 Tires

Tires shall be Department of Transportation (DOT)-approved and for OHV use with an aggressive off-road tread.

Tires shall be 8-ply tires, run-flat tires, or tire inserts.

6.2.20.2 Spare wheel and tire

A spare wheel and tire shall be mounted on the vehicle in a place that does not impede ingress or egress. Spares are not required with run-flat tires or tire inserts.

The manufacturer shall approve the spare tire mounting system.

6.2.20.3 Tire jack

A tire jack shall be mounted on the vehicle in a place that does not impede ingress or egress. A tire jack is not required with run-flat tires or tire inserts. The manufacturer shall approve the tire jack mounting system.

Lighting equipment

6.2.21.1 Headlamps

The OHV shall have a minimum of two headlamps;120 watts for the high beam and

110 watts for the low beam.

6.2.21.2 Taillamp

The OHV shall have a minimum of one, red taillamp that illuminates when the headlamps are energized.

6.2.21.3 Brakelamp or combination taillamp/brakelamp

The OHV shall have a minimum of one brakelamp or combination taillamp/brakelamp that activates if either the hand lever or the foot pedal is depressed.

6.2.21.4 Supplemental LED overhead lighting

The OHV shall have supplemental LED overhead lighting with a properly rated alternator.

Reflectors

The OHV shall have one amber reflector on each side of the vehicle (mounted as far forward as practical) and one red reflector on each side of the vehicle (mounted as far rearward as practical).

Audio warning devices

The OHV shall have a horn with a minimum sound pressure level of 93 decibels (dBA) that is audible at 200 feet.

Mirrors

The OHV shall have either a rearview or side mirrors.

Ingress/egress provisions

The OHV shall have rigid half doors that keep the operator’s legs and feet inside the cab area during a rollover.

Seats

6.2.26.1 Backrest

OHV seats shall have a backrest for each occupant.

6.2.26.2 Headrest

OHV seats shall have a headrest for each occupant.

Mudflaps

The OHV shall have rear mudflaps on both rear fenders.

Instrumentation and power outlets

The OHV shall have the following instrumentation and power outlets.

6.2.28.1 Speedometer

6.2.28.2 Odometer

6.2.28.3 Tachometer

6.2.28.4 Trip meter

6.2.28.5 Clock

6.2.28.6 Hour meter

6.2.28.7 Gear and drive mode indicator

The OHV shall have gear and drive mode indicators (e.g. 2WD/4WD/4WLock).

6.2.28.8 Fuel gauge

6.2.28.9 High-temperature gauge or light

6.2.28.10 Coolant temperature gauge or light

6.2.28.11 Voltmeter

6.2.28.12 Service indicator

6.2.28.13 Seatbelt reminder

6.2.28.14 Direct current (DC) power outlet

One DC power outlet (rated for a minimum of 15 amps) is required but two are preferred.

7 MVR #2—Advanced Scout Vehicles

7.1 General

This chapter lists the OHV minimum vehicle requirements (MVRs) for safe and efficient scouting missions on extremely rough terrain during wildland fire or prescribed fire operations.

MVR #2 requires that higher performance recreational off-road vehicles (ROVs) with side-by-side or single-seat configurations shall meet the “voluntary” industry consensus standard in section 8.2.1.

Vehicles that meet MVR #2 are especially well suited for scouting missions on extreme terrain because of their enhanced suspension systems (e.g., ground clearance, vertical wheel travel, shocks, and springs). However, they are not the optimum choice for cargo transport because of their limited or nonexistent cargo area and payload capacity. For general purpose cargo and personnel transport, refer to Chapter 7, "MVR #1—All-

Purpose Side-by-Side for Personnel and Cargo Transport.”

This document will include required features that may go beyond the minimum standards specified in section 8.2.1. The intent is to use industry consensus standards and input from the fire community to ensure that adequate safety and performance features are built into the basic vehicle while leaving final configuration upgrades and accessories up to each ordering unit. For aftermarket equipment not currently approved by the vehicle OEM

(e.g., Honda and Yamaha), refer to Chapter 10, “Accessory and Implement Evaluation and Approval Process.”

7.2 Minimum requirements

Mandatory standards compliance

The vehicle shall be certified by the manufacturer to meet the ANSI/ROHVA 1–2016

(Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association) standard or latest revision.

Number of seats

The ordering unit will specify the number of seats that are required (one to six seat versions are currently in production).

Vehicle capacities

7.2.3.1 Vehicle payload capacity

The vehicle payload capacity shall be a minimum of 550 pounds (single-seat machine vehicles haves no minimum).

7.2.3.2 Rear box area (length x width)

There is no minimum for rear box area.

7.2.3.3 Rear box load capacity

The rear box load capacity shall be a minimum of 150 pounds (single-seat vehicles have no minimum).

7.2.3.4 Towing capacity

Not applicable

Engine

The engine shall be a 4-cycle, liquid-cooled, gasoline or diesel engine.

7.2.4.1 Displacement

The engine displacement shall be a minimum of 970 cubic centimeters (single-seat vehicles have no minimum).

7.2.4.2 Air cleaner

The engine air cleaner shall be dual element with the air intake positioned to prevent ingesting water.

7.2.4.3 Fuel

The engine operates on regular unleaded gasoline or diesel as appropriate.

7.2.4.4 Ignition

The ignition shall be electronic.

7.2.4.5 Fuel system

The fuel system shall be electronic fuel injection.

Electrical charging system

7.2.5.1 Alternator

The OHV shall have a heavy-duty, 12-volt direct current alternator that can power all installed electrical accessories simultaneously while keeping the battery fully charged.

7.2.5.2 Battery

The OHV shall have a 12-volt direct current, spill-proof sealed battery with absorbent glass mat (AGM) construction, cold cranking amps, and amp-hours optimized for electrical components in the system.

The OHV shall be equipped with a master shut-off switch that disconnects all electrical loads on the OHV.

Radiator

The chassis cooling system shall be capable of maintaining the normal engine temperature operating range at full engine load at 0 miles per hour.

Transmission

7.2.7.1 Continuously variable transmission (CVT)

The OHV shall have a CVT or multigeared automatic transmission or manual transmission with foot clutch (multigears forward with reverse).

7.2.7.2 Engine braking systems (EBS)

The OHV shall have an EBS (or equivalent) that maintains engine and transmission connection to slow downhill descent with the throttle in the idle position. Vehicles equipped with manual transmissions do not require an EBS.

7.2.7.3 Reverse gear

The OHV shall have a reverse gear.

Gear train

7.2.8.1 Four-wheel drive

The OHV shall have on-demand or full-time four-wheel drive.

7.2.8.2 Differential lock

The OHV shall have four-wheel drive differential locks.

7.2.8.3 Shaft driven gear system

The OHV shall have a shaft driven gear system.

Steering

The OHV shall have electronic power steering.

Brakes

The OHV shall have hydraulic disk brakes on all wheels.

Brake, parking

A parking brake is required. Automatic transmissions with selectable “park” are acceptable.

Fuel tank

The fuel tank capacity shall be a minimum of 7.5 gallons (single-seat vehicles have no minimum).

Exhaust

The exhaust shall have a spark arrestor that meets Forest Service standard FS-5100-1d or latest version.

Suspension

7.2.14.1 Ground clearance

The ground clearance shall be a minimum of 12.5 inches (single-seat vehicles have no minimum).

7.2.14.2 Front suspension vertical wheel travel

The front suspension vertical wheel travel shall be a minimum of 14 inches (single-seat vehicles have no minimum).

7.2.14.3 Rear suspension vertical wheel travel

The rear suspension vertical wheel travel shall be a minimum of 14 inches (single-seat vehicles have no minimum).

7.2.14.4 Springs and shocks

The OHV shall have heavy-duty springs and shocks.

Machine guards

7.2.15.1 Skid plates

The OHV shall have full-length skid plates to protect driveline components.

7.2.15.2 Floor pan reinforcement

The OHV shall have a floor pan reinforcement to protect personnel.

7.2.15.3 Permanent rigid roof

The OHV shall have a permanent rigid roof.

7.2.15.4 Constant-velocity (CV) joint and boot axle protectors

The OHV shall have CV joint and boot axle protectors.

7.2.15.5 Personnel protective barrier

The OHV shall have a personal protective barrier between the vehicle cabin and bed, constructed of heavy metal bars, metal screen, or Lexan.

Bumper

The OHV shall have a heavy-duty front bumper with a brush guard.

Tow hooks

The OHV shall have two frame-mounted tow hooks—one front and one rear.

Hitch

The OHV is not required to tow a trailer but shall have provisions to self-extract when stuck.

Winch

The winch shall be used only for vehicle recovery and not to perform work (e.g., to move logs).

The winch capacity shall be 1½ times the GVWR or ¾ GVWR plus a force-doubler (e.g., snatch block).

A synthetic (rope) winch line is preferred.

The winch shall be permanently mounted on the machine.

Tires and wheels

7.2.20.1 Tires

Tires shall be DOT-approved and for OHV use with an aggressive off-road tread.

Tires shall be 8-ply tires, run-flat tires, or tire inserts.

7.2.20.2 Spare wheel and tire

A spare wheel and tire shall be mounted on the vehicle in a place that does not impede ingress or egress. The manufacturer shall approve the spare tire mounting system. Spares are not required with run-flat tires or tire inserts.

7.2.20.3 Tire jack

One tire jack mounted on the vehicle in a place not impeding ingress or egress. The manufacturer shall approve the tire jack mounting position. Not required with run-flat tires or tire inserts.

Lighting equipment

7.2.21.1 Headlamps

The OHV shall have a minimum of two headlamps. The high beams shall have a combined total minimum of 120 watts. The low beams shall have a combined total minimum of 110 watts.

7.2.21.2 Taillamp

The OHV shall have a minimum of one red taillamp that illuminates when the headlamps are energized.

7.2.21.3 Brakelamp or combination taillamp/brakelamp

The OHV shall have a minimum of one brakelamp or combination taillamp/brakelamp that activates if either the hand lever or the foot pedal is depressed.

7.2.21.4 Supplemental LED overhead lighting

The OHV shall have supplemental LED overhead lighting with a properly rated alternator.

Reflectors

The OHV shall have one amber reflector on each side of the vehicle (mounted as far forward as practical) and one red reflector on each side of the vehicle (mounted as far rearward as practical).

Audio warning devices

The OHV shall have a horn with a minimum sound pressure level of 93 decibels (dBA) that is audible at 200 feet.

Mirrors

The OHV shall have either rearview or side mirrors.

Ingress/egress provisions

The OHV shall have rigid half doors that protect the operator’s legs and feet during operation. Doors help to keep legs and feet inside cab area during a rollover.

Seats

7.2.26.1 Backrest

The OHV shall have a backrest for each occupant.

7.2.26.2 Headrest

The OHV shall have a headrest for each occupant.

Mudflaps

The OHV shall have rear mudflaps on both rear fenders.

Instrumentation and power outlets

The OHV shall have the following instrumentation and power outlets.

7.2.28.1 Speedometer

7.2.28.2 Odometer

7.2.28.3 Tachometer

7.2.28.4 Trip meter

7.2.28.5 Clock

7.2.28.6 Hour meter

7.2.28.7 Gear and drive mode indicator

The OHV shall have gear and drive mode indicators (e.g., 2WD/4WD/4WLock).

7.2.28.8 Fuel gauge

7.2.28.9 High-temperature gauge or light

7.2.28.10 Coolant temperature gauge or light

7.2.28.11 Voltmeter

7.2.28.12 Service indicator

7.2.28.13 Seat belt reminder

7.2.28.14 Direct current (DC) power outlets

One DC power outlet (rated for a minimum of 15 amps) is required but two are preferred.

8 MVR #3—All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV), Type 1

8.1 General

This chapter lists the all-terrain vehicle (ATV) minimum vehicle requirements (MVRs) necessary for safe and efficient missions during wildland fire or prescribed fire operations.

An ATV is a motorized off-highway vehicle designed to travel on four low-pressure tires.

The operator straddles the seat and uses the vehicle’s handlebars for steering control.

MVR #3 only allows Type 1 ATVs (single seat) and requires that they meet the industry consensus standard in section 9.2.1

This chapter includes requirements that may go beyond the minimums specified in the standard described in section 9.2.1. The intent is to use this industry consensus standard and input from the fire community to ensure that adequate safety and performance features are built into the basic vehicle while leaving final configuration upgrades and accessories up to each ordering unit. For aftermarket equipment not currently approved by the vehicle OEM (e.g., Honda and Yamaha), refer to Chapter 10, “Accessory and

Implement Evaluation and Approval Process.”

8.2 Minimum requirements

Mandatory standards compliance

The OHV shall be certified by the manufacturer to meet the Type 1 ATV requirements as defined in the ANSI/SVIA 1–2010 (Four Wheel All-Terrain Vehicles) standard or latest revision. A Type 1 ATV is intended for use by a single operator with no passengers allowed.

Number of seats

The ATV shall have a maximum of one seat.

Vehicle capacities

8.2.3.1 Front rack capacity

The front rack capacity shall be a minimum of 100 pounds.

8.2.3.2 Rear rack/box capacity

The rear rack/box capacity shall be a minimum of 200 pounds.

8.2.3.3 Towing capacity

The towing capacity shall be a minimum of 1,000 pounds.

Engine

The engine shall be a 4-cycle, liquid-cooled, gasoline engine.

8.2.4.1 Displacement

The engine displacement shall be a minimum of 500 cubic centimeters.

8.2.4.2 Air cleaner

The engine air cleaner shall be dual element with an air inlet.

8.2.4.3 Fuel

The engine operates on regular unleaded fuel.

8.2.4.4 Ignition

The ignition shall be electronic.

8.2.4.5 Fuel system

The fuel system shall be electronic fuel injection.

Electrical charging system

8.2.5.1 Alternator

The ATV shall have a heavy-duty, 12-volt direct current alternator that can power all installed electrical accessories simultaneously while keeping the battery fully charged.

8.2.5.2 Battery

The ATV shall have a 12-volt direct current, spill-proof sealed battery with absorbent glass mat (AGM) construction, cold cranking amps, and amp-hours optimized for electrical components in the system.

The ATV shall be equipped with a master shut-off switch that disconnects all electrical loads.

Radiator

The chassis cooling system shall be capable of maintaining the normal engine temperature operating range at full engine load at 0 miles per hour.

Transmission

8.2.7.1 Continuously variable transmission (CVT)

The ATV shall have CVT or multigeared automatic transmission with a foot clutch or manual transmission with a hand-operated clutch (multigears forward with reverse).

8.2.7.2 Engine braking system (EBS) (or equivalent)

The ATV shall have an EBS (or equivalent) that maintains engine and transmission connection to slow downhill descent with the throttle in the idle position. Vehicles equipped with manual transmissions do not require EBS.

8.2.7.3 Reverse gear

The ATV shall have a reverse gear.

Gear train

8.2.8.1 Four-wheel drive

The ATV shall have on-demand or full-time four-wheel drive.

8.2.8.2 Electronic active descent control (EADC) (or equivalent)

The ATV shall have an EADC system with an on-demand, limited-slip front differential.

8.2.8.3 Differential locks

The ATV shall have four-wheel drive differential locks.

8.2.8.4 Shaft driven gear system

The ATV shall have a shaft driven gear system.

Steering

The ATV shall have electronic power steering.

Brakes

The ATV shall have hydraulic disk brakes on all wheels.

Brake, parking

A parking brake is required. Automatic transmissions with selectable “park” are acceptable.

Fuel tank

The fuel tank capacity shall be a minimum of 4.5 gallons

Exhaust

The exhaust shall have a spark arrestor that meets Forest Service standard FS-5100-1d or latest version.

Suspension

8.2.14.1 Ground clearance

The ground clearance shall be a minimum of 11 inches.

8.2.14.2 Front suspension vertical wheel travel

The front suspension vertical wheel travel shall be a minimum of 9 inches.

8.2.14.3 Rear suspension vertical wheel travel

The rear suspension vertical wheel travel shall be a minimum of 9 inches.

8.2.14.4 Springs and shocks (or struts)

The ATV shall have heavy-duty springs and shocks.

Machine guards

8.2.15.1 Skid plates

The ATV shall have full-length skid plates to protect driveline components.

8.2.15.2 Floor pan reinforcement

The ATV shall have a floor pan reinforcement to protect personnel.

8.2.15.3 Constant-velocity (CV) joint boot and axle protectors

The ATV shall have CV joint and boot axle protectors.

Tow hooks

The ATV shall have two frame-mounted tow hooks—one front and one rear.

Hitch

The ATV hitch shall have one standard, rear, frame-mounted, 1.25-inch or 2-inch receiver, rated for a towing minimum of 1,300 pounds.

Winch

The winch shall be used only for vehicle recovery and not to perform work (e.g., to move logs).

The winch capacity shall be 1½ times the GVWR or ¾ GVWR plus a force-doubler (e.g., snatch block).

A synthetic (rope) winch line preferred.

The winch shall be permanently mounted on the machine.

Tires and wheels

8.2.19.1 Tires

Tires shall be DOT-approved and for OHV use with an aggressive off-road tread;

OHV use.

Tires shall be 8-ply tires, run-flat tires, or tire inserts.

Lighting equipment

8.2.20.1 Headlamps

The ATV shall have a minimum of one headlamp. For single or multiple headlamps shall have a combined total minimum of 100 watts.

8.2.20.2 Taillamp

The ATV shall have a red taillamp or a red combination taillamp/brakelamp that illuminates when the headlamp(s) is energized.

8.2.20.3 Brakelamp or combination taillamp/brakelamp

The ATV shall have a brakelamp or a combination taillamp/brakelamp that activates if either the hand lever or foot pedal is depressed.

Reflectors

The ATV shall have one amber reflector on each side of the vehicle (mounted as far forward as practical) and one red reflector on each side of the ATV (mounted as far rearward as practical).

Audio warning devices

The ATV shall have a horn with a minimum sound pressure level of 93 decibels (dBA) that is audible at 200 feet.

Mirrors

The ATV shall have one, fold-back style mirror on each handlebar if the State requires the vehicle to be street legal.

Instrumentation and power outlet

The ATV shall have the following instrumentation and power outlets.

8.2.24.1 Speedometer

8.2.24.2 Odometer

8.2.24.3 Tachometer

8.2.24.4 Trip meter

8.2.24.5 Clock

8.2.24.6 Hour meter

8.2.24.7 Gear and drive mode indicator

The ATV shall have gear and drive mode indicators (e.g., 2WD/4WD/4WLock).

8.2.24.8 Fuel gauge

8.2.24.9 High-temperature gauge or light

8.2.24.10 Coolant temperature gauge or light

8.2.24.11 Voltmeter

8.2.24.12 Service indicator

8.2.24.13 Direct current (DC) power outlet

One DC power outlet is required.

9 Accessory and Implement Evaluation and Approval Process

9.1 Introduction

The proposal submitted to the National Technology and Development Program requested a process for the evaluation and approval of non-OEM accessories and implements that are added to OHVs and operated on wildland and prescribed fires. The reason for the concern is that some firefighters pay attention only to what they need to carry out during fire operations but do not necessarily think about how it changes the machine’s center of gravity, which can lead to adverse effects when operating on side slopes. Loading a machine beyond its gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) will result in machine handling problems, braking problems (including possible failure while going down steep hills), accelerated wear on CVT belts, possible transmission failure, and excess wear and tear on suspension components. An easy way to overload an OHV is to add a water handling package with too large of a water tank. Adding aftermarket parts, such as taller tires or better exhaust systems, can cause problems with a CVT belt if the springs in the automatic clutches are not dialed into the new machine driveline stresses or horsepower increase.

This chapter describes the evaluation process.

9.2 What is covered by this process?

Nonapproved accessories

The evaluation process covers any accessory or implement that is not approved for use by the OHV manufacturer.

Exceeds GVWR

Any item or collection of items that may cause the OHV (MOHUV/UTV, ROV, or ATV) to exceed its GVWR shall be required to undergo this approval process to ensure that the

GVWR is not exceeded.

Machine handling or system wear/failure

The evaluation process covers any attachment or implement, carried or pulled, which may cause machine handling problems or may lead to the premature failure of critical systems, such as steering components, brakes, transmission, clutch, or engine.

9.3 Basic rules and performance tests

GVWR

When fully loaded for its intended use, the OHV shall not exceed its GVWR.

Operator’s manual

Any modification or usage that violates the manufacturer’s guidance (e.g., operator’s manual, bulletins) is prohibited unless an agency exemption is granted, and the

Government assumes liability.

Required performance tests

9.3.3.1 Tilt table test

When fully loaded for its…