Attachment3.pdf

Forest Service Supplemental Specifications Sperry Fork and Superior Trail Bridge Deck Replacement

Ironton District

Wayne National Forest Lawrence County, Ohio

Table of Contents

Preface

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbreviations

101.04 Definitions

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract

103 - Scope of Work

104 - Control of Work

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspection

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

108 - Prosecution and Progress

109 - Measurement and Payment

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

156 - Public Traffic

Section 156. – PUBLIC TRAFIC

203 – Removal of Structures and Obstructions

557 - Timber Structures

716 – Material for Timber Structures

Preface Preface_wo_09_20_2017

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The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-14 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions 101.01_National_9_15_2016

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101.01 Meaning of Terms.

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101.03_National_4_7_2015

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101.03 Abbreviations.

(a) Acronyms.

AGAR — Agriculture Acquisition Regulations

AFPA — American Forest and Paper Association

FSAR — Forest Service Acquisition Regulations

MSHA — Mine Safety and Health Administration

NESC — National Electrical Safety Code

WCLIB — West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

(f) Miscellaneous unit abbreviations.

MP — milepost location ppm — parts per million volume

STA station location

101.04_National_10_23_2016

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101.04 Definitions.

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Bid Schedule — The Schedule of Items.

Bridge — A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction such as water along a road, a trail, or a railway and having a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Contractor — The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a timber sale contract, the contractor is the “Purchaser”.

Culvert — Any structure with a bottom, regardless of fill depth, depth of invert burial, or presence of horizontal driving surface, or any bottomless (natural channel) structure with footings that will not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Drawings — (Public Works Contracts) Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Notice to Proceed — (Public Works Contracts) Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Right-of-Way — A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Solicitation—(Public Works Contracts) The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Add the following definitions:

Adjustment in Contract Price — “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change — “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Forest Service — The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line — A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Pioneer Road — Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser — The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse — A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

Road Order — An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Shop Drawings — (Timber and Stewardship Contracts) Referred to as “Drawings” in FP-14, include drawings, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, illustrations, lists or tables, performance and test data, and similar materials furnished by Purchaser to explain in detail specific portions of the work required by the contract.

Utilization Standards — The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifications to determine merchantable timber.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract 102.00_National_9_15_2016

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103 - Scope of Work 103.00_National_9_15_2016

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104 - Control of Work 104.00_National_9_15_2016

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104.06_National_9_16_2016

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104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor.

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

106 - Acceptance of Work 106.01_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 106.01 and replace with the following:

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspection of Construction.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authorities refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicitation for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sections, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or to these specifications, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specification values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any deviations are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor variations from the median zone that are unavoidable for practical reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are identified by gauge, unit mass, section dimensions, etc.), the identification will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any time before final acceptance of the project. When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request. Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor testing and inspection is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accepting work are described in Subsections 106.02 to 106.05 inclusive. The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Section of work. However, work may be rejected at any time it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove, repair, or replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted. Removing, repairing, or replacing work; providing temporary traffic control; and any other related work to accomplish conformity will be at no cost to the Government.

(a) Disputing Government test results. If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved after reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evaluation may be obtained by written request. Include a narrative describing the dispute and a proposed resolution protocol that addresses the following:

1. Sampling method;

2. Number of samples;

3. Sample transport;

4. Test procedures;

5. Testing laboratories;

6. Reporting;

7. Estimated time and costs; and

8. Validation process.

If the evaluation requires additional sampling or testing be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and testing by a third party laboratory. Use a third party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accreditation program. Provide proof of the laboratory’s accreditation for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolution protocol and may modify it before final approval and execution.

The Government will use the approved resolution protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed testing. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol.

If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolution protocol.

(b) Alternatives to removing and replacing non-conforming work. As an alternative to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a written request to:

1. Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

2. Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain supporting rationale and documentation. Include references or data justifying the proposal based on an evaluation of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthetics, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposition of the nonconforming work.

106.02_National_10_23_2016

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106.02 Visual Inspection.

Acceptance is based on visual inspection of the work for compliance with the specific contract requirements.

Use prevailing industry standards in the absence of specific contract requirements or tolerances.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public 107.05_National_7_18_2017

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108 - Prosecution and Progress 108.00_National_9_16_2016

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109 - Measurement and Payment 109.00_National_9_16_2016

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109.02_National_9_16_2016

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109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

(b) Contract quantity.

Contract quantities will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155.00_National_9_14_2016

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156 - Public Traffic 156.00_National_9_14_2016

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Section 156. – PUBLIC TRAFIC Description

156.01 This work consists of controlling and protecting public traffic adjacent to and within the project.

Material

156.02 Conform to the MUTCD and the following Sections and Subsections:

Permanent Traffic Control 633

Traffic Signing and Marking Material 718

Concrete Barriers and Precast Guardwalls 618

Temporary plastic fence 710.11

Construction Requirements

156.03 General. Accommodate traffic according to MUTCD, approved traffic control plan and this section.

Perform work in a manner that ensures safety and convenience of the public. Unless otherwise provided for in Table 156-1, keep existing roads open to all traffic during road improvement work, and maintain them in a condition that will adequately accommodate traffic. Delays on OH State Route 650 shall be as coordinated with ODOT. Accommodate public traffic on roads adjacent to and within the project until the project is accepted according to Subsection 106.07(b).

Submit traffic control plan at least 30 days prior to intended use. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic or existing access to the roadway surface until a traffic control plan has been approved.

Post construction signs and traffic control devices in conformance with MUTCD and Forest Service EM 7100-15.

All required signs will be in place and approved prior to beginning work on project.

If the Contractor agrees in writing to allow public traffic to use a new road being constructed prior to completion, it will be considered an existing road for traffic control purposes.

156.04 Temporary Traffic Control. Install and maintain temporary traffic control devices adjacent to and within the project as required by the approved traffic control plan and the MUTCD. Install and maintain traffic control devices as follows:

(a) Furnish and install traffic control devices before the start of construction operations.

(b) All detours outside of clearing limits will be approved in writing by the Contracting Officer as part of the traffic control plan.

(c) Install only those traffic control devices needed for each stage or phase.

(d) Relocate temporary traffic control devices as necessary.

(e) Remove devices that no longer apply to the existing conditions.

(f) Immediately replace any device that is lost, stolen, destroyed, or inoperative.

(g) Keep temporary traffic control devices clean.

(h) Remove all temporary traffic control devices upon contract completion or when approved.

(i) When required, use flaggers certified by the American Traffic Safety Services Association, the National Safety Council, the International Municipal Signal Association, a state agency, or other acceptable organization. Perform the work described under MUTCD Part 6. Use type III, VII, VIII, or IX retroreflective sheeting on flagger paddles. Do not use flags. Flaggers must wear high visibility safety apparel as required by MUTCD 6E.02.

156.05 Temporary Closures. Road segments may be closed as shown in Table 156-1. The maximum consecutive days of closure shall be followed by a minimum number of consecutive days open to traffic as shown. Maintain traffic control devices during closure period(s). Appropriate barricades and signs will be erected and maintained as shown in the traffic control plan or as otherwise designated.

Prior to closing roads during construction, give written notice to the Contracting Officer at least 10 days in advance.

Table 156-1 Temporary Road Closures

Road Number

From Terminus

To Terminus

Maximum Consecutive Days of Closure

Minimum Consecutive Days Open

NA

156.06 Acceptance. Public traffic work will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Measurement and Payment

156.07 Do not measure Public Traffic for payment. Payment for contract work is provided indirectly. See Subsection 109.05.

203 – Removal of Structures and Obstructions Description

203.01 This work consists of salvaging, removing, and disposing of buildings, fences, structures, pavements, culverts, utilities, curbs, sidewalks, bridge decks and other obstructions.

Material

203.02 Conform to the following Section and Subsection:

Backfill material 704.03 Minor concrete 601

Construction Requirements

203.03 Salvaging Material. Salvage with reasonable care material designated to be salvaged. Salvage in readily transportable sections or pieces. Replace or repair members, pins, nuts, plates, and related hardware damaged, lost, or destroyed during the salvage operation. Securely attach parts to adjacent members or pack them in sturdy boxes with the contents clearly marked.

Match mark members of salvaged structures. Submit one set of drawings according to Section 104 identifying the members and their respective match marks.

Stockpile salvaged material at a designated area on the project.

203.04 Removing Material.

(a) Submittals. Submit a bridge removal plan at least 30 days before beginning bridge removal for approval. Include the following:

(1) Methods and equipment to be used;

(2) Measures to be used for protecting the environment, public, adjacent property, and workers;

and

(3) Methods to keep debris out of the stream and streambed.

(b) General. Saw cut sidewalks, curbs, pavements, and structures when partial removal is required.

Construct structurally adequate debris shields to contain debris within the construction limits. Do not allow debris to enter waterways, travel lanes open to public traffic, or areas designated not to be disturbed.

Handle material with lead paint contamination according to Subsection 563.05.

Raze and remove buildings, foundations, pavements, culverts, sidewalks, curbs, fences, structures, and other obstructions interfering with the work and not designated to remain.

Remove structures and obstructions in the roadbed to 36 inches (900 millimeters) below subgrade elevation. Remove structures and obstructions outside the roadbed to 24 inches (600 millimeters) below finished ground or to the natural stream bottom.

Abandon existing manholes, inlets, catch basins, and spring boxes according to Subsection 604.08.

When abandoning an existing culvert pipe, remove the upstream and downstream portion of the culvert to within 48 inches (1200 millimeters) of the subgrade or embankment slope. Ensure the abandoned pipe is at least 48 inches (1200 millimeters) from a new culvert or structure. Seal the abandoned culvert ends with a tight-fitting plug of concrete at least 6 inches (150 millimeters) thick. Ensure the structure does not entrap water.

Except in excavation areas, backfill and compact cavities left by structure removal with backfill material to the lines and grades of the finished ground. Backfill excavated areas according to Subsection 209.09.

Compact backfill according to Subsection 209.10.

(c) Concrete removal in repair areas. Saw cut ¾ inch (19 millimeters) deep along boundaries of repair areas. Use power-driven hand tools to remove existing concrete. Do not damage concrete designated to remain in place.

Where the bond between existing concrete and reinforcing steel is destroyed, remove concrete adjacent to the steel to provide at least ¾-inch (19-millimeter) clearance for the new concrete to bond to the reinforcing steel. Use care to prevent damage to remaining concrete when achieving the final surface.

Clean exposed concrete surfaces that will be in contact with repair material. Provide a residue free surface.

(d) Reinforcing steel. Do not cut or damage reinforcing steel designated to remain in place. Repair or replace damaged bars. Replace deteriorated bars as directed by the CO.

Clean exposed reinforcing steel of coatings or residue that inhibits bonding with the new concrete.

Protect the steel from corrosion and contamination. If the steel becomes corroded or contaminated, reclean the steel before placing concrete.

203.05 Disposing of Material. Dispose of debris, unsuitable material, and excess material as follows:

(a) Remove from project. Recycle or dispose of material legally off the project. Submit a statement documenting the nature and quantity of material processed or sold for recycling. Otherwise, submit a signed copy of the disposal agreement before disposal begins.

(b) Burn. Obtain necessary burning permits. Submit a copy of the burning permits before burning begins.

Burn using high intensity burning processes that produce few emissions. Provide a watchperson during the burning operations.

When burning is complete, extinguish the fire so no smoldering debris remains. Dispose of unburned material according to Subsection 203.05(a).

(c) Bury. Bury debris in trenches or pits in approved areas within the right-of-way when approved. Do not bury debris inside the roadway prism limits, beneath drainage ditches, or in areas subject to free-flowing water.

Place debris in alternating layers of 48 inches (1200 millimeters) of debris covered with 24 inches (600 millimeters) of earth material. Distribute stumps, logs, and other large pieces to form a dense mass and minimize air voids. Cover the top layer of buried debris with at least 12 inches (300 millimeters) of compacted earth. Grade and shape the area. Seed and mulch disposal areas on Government property according to Section 625.

(d) Hazardous material. Submit a copy of disposal permits. Dispose of material according to Federal, state, and local regulations.

Dispose of lead contaminated steel either by transporting to an approved scrap facility for recycling or remelt; or remove and dispose of lead contamination in an appropriate waste facility.

(1) Disposal plan. Submit a detailed disposal plan that includes how material will be handled, loaded, and transported to the disposal facility. Include the name and address of the facility where the material will be taken. Describe steps that will be taken to ensure that lead contamination will be contained throughout the process. Measures may include additional steps or precautions when lifting and handling the steel on site.

(2) Transport and delivery. Include the material safety data sheet (MSDS) with the material to the disposal facility. Ensure that loads transported from the site are adequately contained and covered to prevent dispersion en route to the disposal facility. Submit a copy of the receiving report from the disposal facility specifically acknowledging that the material being delivered is contaminated with lead paint.

(3) Lead paint removal. If the Contractor chooses to salvage the steel members, the paint may be removed subject to the following requirements:

(a) Remove lead contaminated paint in an appropriate containment facility;

(b) Comply with the requirements as listed in Subsection 563.05; and

(c) Manifest and dispose of lead contaminated waste according to the requirements of 40 CFR 260 through 268 – Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

203.06 Acceptance. Removal of structures and obstructions will be evaluated under Subsection 106.02.

Backfilling and compacting cavities left by structures will be evaluated under Section 209.

Minor concrete will be evaluated under Section 601.

Measurement

203.07 Measure the Section 203 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02.

Payment

203.08 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 203 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.0

557 - Timber Structures

Description

557.01 This work consists of fabricating, treating, erecting, and painting structural timber. This work also includes required lumber and hardware.

Material

557.02 Conform to the following Section and Subsections:

Galvanized coatings (drains) 717.07 Hardware 716.02 Painting 563 Structural carbon steel (drains) 717.01(a) Structural glued laminated timber 716.04 Treated structural timber and lumber 716.03 Untreated structural timber and lumber 716.01

Construction Requirements

557.03 General. Excavate and backfill according to Section 208.

Use slings or other devices to protect the corners of heavy timbers and banded packages of lighter timber.

Cut and form lumber and timber so joints have even bearing over their entire contact surface. Do not use shims in making joints. Close all joints. Drive nail and spike heads flush with the wood surface.

Use the same end, face, and edge of the timber member for all layout dimensions. Bore holes from mating faces.

557.04 Storing Material. Store material in an area cleared of weeds, rubbish, or other objectionable material. Elevate material at least 8 inches (200 millimeters) above the ground. Provide sufficient support to prevent sagging.

Open-stack untreated material to shed water. Allow for free air circulation by stacking material in layers on stickers that extend across the full width of the stack. Align stickers vertically and space them at regular intervals.

Close-stack treated material to shed water.

Protect material from the elements. Use water-resistant paper or opaque polyethylene film if material is be covered. Do not use impervious membranes (such as polyethylene film) during dry weather. Slit or puncture individual wrappings full length on the lower side to permit water drainage.

Store and protect glued laminated timber according to the AITC 111, Recommended Practice for Protection of Structural Glued Laminated Timber During Transit, Storage, and Erection.

557.05 Holes for Drift Pins, Dowels, Bolts, and Lag Screws. Bore holes before preservative treatment.

Bore holes for round drift pins and dowels to a diameter 1/16 inch (1.6 millimeter) less than the diameter of the pin or dowel. Bore holes for square drift pins and dowels to a diameter equal to the side dimension of the pin or dowel.

Bore holes for galvanized bolts to a diameter 1/16 inch (1.6 millimeter) larger than the diameter of the bolt.

Bore holes for lag screws according to Subsection 7.3.1. of the AITC, Timber Construction Manual.

557.06 Treating Timber. Indicate the preservative used, penetration in inches (millimeters), retention in pounds per cubic foot (kilograms per cubic meter) (assay method).

Cut, frame, and bore timbers before treatment when practical. Do not cut or bore timber below the high-water mark in coastal waters.

Handle treated timber according to the AWPA published Consumer Information Sheet. Do not drip or spill preservative into the aquatic environment or onto the ground. Handle treated timbers to prevent damage to their surfaces. Do not use cant dogs, hooks, or pike poles.

Field treat cuts or abrasions with preservative. Dip, soak, spray, or apply three brush coats of the same preservative according to AWPA M4, Standard for the Care of Preservative-Treated Wood Products.

Impregnate holes bored after treatment with the same preservative using tools suitable for proper application.

Plug unused holes with the same treated timber.

557.07 Hardware. Galvanize hardware and fasteners including nails, spikes, bolts, washers, and timber connectors. Do not galvanize malleable iron or cast iron hardware.

Use washers under bolt heads and nuts in contact with wood. Use malleable iron washers with a diameter approximately three times the bolt diameter. Use cast iron washers when the timber is in contact with the ground. Use square washers only when specified.

Cut off excess bolt lengths of more than 1 inch (25 millimeters). After final tightening, check or burr bolts with a pointing tool to prevent loosening of the nuts.

557.08 Countersinking. Countersink screws, bolts, and nuts where required. Treat countersunk recesses with an approved preservative before filling, except in railings. Fill the recess with hot pitch or other approved filler after bolts, screws, and nuts are in place.

557.09 Framing. Do not slab or trim treated piles when fitting sway or sash braces. Securely fasten braces to smaller piles using treated blocks to fill the gaps.

557.10 Framing Bents. Firmly and evenly bed mud blocks to solid bearing. Tamp in place.

When concrete is cast, set dowels for anchoring sills and posts to project at least 6 inches (150 millimeters) above the tops of the pedestals. Finish concrete pedestals supporting framed bents so that sills or posts bear evenly on the pedestals.

Make sills bear evenly and true on mud blocks, piles, or pedestals. Bolt sills into place with drift bolts that extend into the mud blocks or piles for at least 6 inches (150 millimeters). Where possible, remove material in contact with sills for circulation of air around the sills.

557.11 Bent Caps. Make timber caps bear evenly and uniformly over the tops of aligned supporting posts or piles. Secure caps with drift bolts extending at least 9 inches (230 millimeters) into the approximate center of each post or pile.

557.12 Bracing. Bolt the ends of bracing through the pile, post, cap, or sill. Brace intermediate intersections with posts or piles with bolts and spikes with wire, or boat spikes as required. Use galvanized spikes in addition to bolts.

Make bracing bear firmly against the pile or cap to which it is bolted. Provide and place shims as necessary to prevent bending of the bracing more than 1 inch (25 millimeters) out of true when bracing bolts are tightened.

Where the space between the bracing and cap or pile is:

(a) Less than 1 inch (25 millimeters), shims are not needed;

(b) 1½±½ inches (38±13 millimeters), place two ogee washers with their narrow faces together or other approved washers on each bolt that passes through the space; or

(c) Over 2 inches (50 millimeters), use wooden shims of the proper thickness.

Fabricate the wooden shims from the same treated wood used in the structure or white oak. Do not use built-up wooden shims. Make wooden shims from a single piece of lumber with the width not less than 4 inches (100 millimeters) and the length not less than the width of the bracing measured along the cap or pile. Do not adze, trim, or cut treated members to avoid the use of shims.

557.13 Stringers. Size stringers at bearings. Position stringers so knots near edges are in the top portion of the stringer.

Outside stringers may have butt joints with ends cut on a taper. Lap interior stringers so both stringer ends have full length bearing on a floor beam or cap. Stagger joints where stringers are two panels in length.

Separate lapped ends of untreated stringers by at least ½ inch (13 millimeters) for air circulation. Use drift bolts to securely fasten the lapped ends.

Place cross-bridging at the center of each span. Cut cross-bridging members to provide full bearing on the stinger sides at each end. Securely toenail the cross-bridging with at least two nails in each end. If blocking is used, make it fit snugly and securely.

557.14 Plank Floors. Use plank that is surfaced on four sides (S4S).

Single-ply timber floors consist of a single thickness of planks supported on stringers. Grade plank thickness so no two adjacent planks vary in thickness by more than ⅛ inch (3 millimeters). Lay the planks heart side down with ¼ inch (6 millimeters) space between them for dry, seasoned material and with no joint space for unseasoned material. Spike each plank securely to each stringer.

Two-ply timber floors consist of two layers of flooring supported on stringers. Treat the lower layer according to Subsection 557.06. Lay the top layer either diagonally or parallel to the roadway centerline.

Stagger joints at least 36 inches (900 millimeters). Securely fasten each top layer member to the lower layer.

Where the top layer is placed parallel to the centerline of the roadway, use special care to securely fasten the ends of the flooring. Bevel the ends of top layer members at each end of the structure.

557.15 Transversely Nail Laminated Decks. Use 2-inch (50-millimeter) nominal thickness laminations, surface one edge hit or miss ⅛ inch (3 millimeters) scant (S1E-H or M ⅛-inch (3-millimeter) scant), and one side hit or miss ⅛ inch (3 millimeters) scant (S1S-H or M ⅛-inch (3-millimeter) scant).

Place the laminations on edge and at right angles to the centerline of roadway. Attach each piece to the preceding piece using galvanized spikes of sufficient length to pass through two pieces and at least halfway through the third piece. Drive spikes at each end and at approximately 18-inch (450-millimeter) intervals alternately diving near the top and bottom edges.

Where timber stringers are used, use spikes to toenail every other piece to every other stringer. When steel stringers are used, securely attach the pieces using approved galvanized metal clips.

Use pieces of sufficient length to bear on at least four stringers. Do not splice pieces between stringers. Space end joints on a stringer no closer than every third piece. Space end joints in adjoining pieces no closer than every second stringer.

557.16 Glue Laminated Panel Decks. When handling and transporting, avoid bending panels, especially transverse to the laminated pieces. When lifting a panel, support it at a sufficient number of points. Do not drag or skid panels. Protect the panel edges from damage.

When dowels are used between panels, use a template or drilling jig to properly space dowel holes. Drill holes the same diameter as the dowel and ¼ inch (6 millimeters) deeper than one half the dowel length.

Slightly taper or round dowel tips and lubricate dowels to facilitate the connection process.

Start the tips of the dowels partially and equally in the holes of the panels to be joined. Draw the panels together, keeping the edges parallel, until the panels abut tightly. Securely fasten each panel to each stringer.

557.17 Wheel Guards and Railings. Surface (S4S) wheel guards, rails, and posts. Place wheel guards in not less than 12-foot (3.7-meter) lengths. Squarely butt-joint rails at posts.

557.18 Trusses. Avoid irregularities in alignment. In horizontal projection, fabricate chords straight and true from end-to-end. In vertical projection, fabricate chords to a smooth, corded curve through panel points conforming to the correct camber. Make bearing surfaces fit accurately. Do not make uneven or rough cuts at the points of bearing.

557.19 Painting. When required by the contract, paint according to Section 563.

557.20 Acceptance. Material for timber structures will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Submit a production certification with each shipment of structural timber and lumber. If treated, indicate the preservative used, penetration inches (millimeters), retention in pounds per cubic foot (kilograms per cubic meter) (assay method), and the "Best Management Practice" used in treating timber members.

Construction of timber structures will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Painting will be evaluated under Section 563.

Measurement

557.21 Measure the Section 557 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable:

When measuring untreated and treated structural timber and lumber by the thousand board feet measure (cubic meters), measure in the structure.

Compute the quantities from nominal dimensions and actual lengths, except for transversely nail laminated decks and glue laminated panel decks. Measure transversely nail laminated decks and glue laminated panel decks in place after dressing.

Measure timber piles under Section 551.

Measure timber bridge rail under Section 556.

Payment

557.22 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 557 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

716 – Material for Timber Structures

716.01 Untreated Structural Timber and Lumber. Conform to AASHTO M 168. Furnish an inspection certification from an agency accredited by the American Lumber Standards Committee for the species and grade. Mark pieces with the inspection service, grade designation, species, and inspector identity.

Season and dry structural timber and lumber before fabrication. Do not use material that is twisted, curved, or otherwise distorted.

Do not use boxed-heart pieces of Douglas fir or redwood in outside stringers, floor beams, caps, posts, sills, or rail posts. Boxed-heart pieces are defined as timber so sawed that, at any point in the length of a sawed piece, the pith lies inside the four faces.

716.02 Hardware. Machine bolts, drift bolts and dowels may be medium steel. Fabricate washers from gray iron or malleable iron castings unless structural washers are specified.

Use a standard commercial type of cut or round nail. Use cut, round, or boat spikes as specified.

Galvanize hardware according to AASHTO M 232.

Use ring or shear-plate timber connectors conforming to Division II, Article 16.2.6, Timber Connectors of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications for Highway Bridges.

716.03 Treated Structural Timber and Lumber. Furnish wood according to Subsection 716.01. Make dimensional cuts, holes, and incise wood before pressure treatment. Treat the wood according to AWPA Standard U1, Use Specification for Treated Wood and T1 Processing and Treatment Standard. Use the type of treatment shown in the plans.

Treat timber members according to the requirements of the current edition of Western Wood Preservers Institute’s Best Management Practices for the Use of Treated Wood in Aquatic Environments.

Treated timber members must have a quality mark approved by the American Lumber Standards Committee for individual pieces or sealed pallets assuring that treatment conforms to the appropriate AWPA standards.

716.04 Structural Glued Laminated Timber. Furnish structural glued laminated timber according to American Institute of Timber Construction’s AITC 117, Design Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Softwood Species. Fabricate according to the combination and grade as indicated in the contract. Fabricate structural glued laminated members according to ANSI/AITC A190.1, American National Standard for Structural Glued Laminated Timber.

Manufacture members as industrial appearance grade for wet use conditions. Use adhesives conforming to the requirements of ASTM D2559 and AITC 405, Standard for Wood Products - Structural Glued Laminated Timber. Use only single- or multiple-piece laminations with bonded edge joints.

Straight or slightly cambered members which are to be loaded perpendicular to the wide face of the laminates must be stamped "top" on the top at both ends of the beam.