1 -Final Report WMAT Structural Analysis_5.17.2019.pdf

FINAL

REPORT OF FINDINGS

FACILITY STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE TRIBE

DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS

Prepared For:

Bureau of Indian Affairs Western Regional Office

Division of Facilities Management and Construction

May 17, 2019

Submitted By:

T.H.A.T. Consultants LC

P.O. Box 663

Ganado, Arizona 86505

Phone (866)996-2330

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS/ASSESSMENT – WMAT DEPT. OF CORRECTIONS

CONTRACT NO. 140A1119P0024

P.O. Box 636

Ganado, AZ 86505

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page Number

Introduction 1

Site Investigation and Evaluation Efforts 2

Building Interior Conditions 3

Building Exterior Conditions 4

Exterior Site Conditions 7

Conclusions and Recommendations 9

Probable Opinion of Cost 11

Limitations and Exceptions 12

Letter for Re-Occupancy Attachment

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INTRODUCTION

T.H.A.T. Consultants LC was contracted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Division of Facilities Management and Construction (DFMC), Western Region Office to conduct a comprehensive structural analysis at the Fort Apache Agency Department of Corrections (DOC) facility in Whiteriver, Arizona. This specific scope or work is focused on checking the adequacy, structural integrity and soundness of structures and their components. The assessment is to evaluate the structure’s current and future conformance of building codes.

The facility is within Navajo County located off Fairground Road in Whiteriver. The approximate geographic coordinates are 33°48’13.89” North and 109°58’56.29” West. The existing Detention/Correctional Facility was constructed in 2010. Total square footage of the facility is 29,490 square feet. The building is a two-story masonry structure supported by a concrete foundation system with slab-on grade flooring. The exterior walls are concrete masonry units (CMU). Control joints were observed in the CMU at approximately thirty-feet intervals. Steel columns and masonry lintels are used to support the roof structure. Interior walls are metal framing with gypsum board wall/ceilings, acoustical lay-in ceiling at non-secure areas and pre-cast concrete cell blocks

The facility houses 79 inmates, 37 administrative/kitchen staff, and 123 maximum intake use resulting in a total occupancy of 239.

The Google Earth image below depicts the site.

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The scope of work for this project involved a series of tasks including but not limited to:

• Review of existing building drawings and the Geotechnical Survey dated August 29, 2005 which was prepared prior to design of the facility

• Visual observation of distress to structural members such as columns, beams, joists, load bearing walls, slabs, roofs decking, foundations, and connections.

• Evaluation of structural deficiencies such as cracks, excessive movements, bowing, de-fections, differential settlements, including any evidence of distress and material deterio-ration.

• Evaluation of exterior site conditions such as drainage patterns, sidewalk/paving damage, and soil settling to determine if such conditions contribute to structural degradation

• Preparation of a report of findings on the building condition and recommendations for cor-rective actions for any deficiencies noted

SITE INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION EFFORTS

Site Inspection On April 29, 2019 T.H.A.T. Consultants personnel Terry Holley and Roger Wade, PE (Arizona PE #39849) inspected the site along with BIA and WMAT DOC personnel. A first-floor plan of the facility is shown below.

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Among the observations made were the following.

Building Interior Conditions Various Cracks Within the Structure Observations within the structure included cracked masonry and drywall at multiple locations.

Some of these cracks are hairline while others are up to ¼” in width. Most of these cracks are present in the Booking Area #104, Kitchen #212, and Corridor #304. Representative images of these conditions are shown below.

Corridor #304

Booking Area #104 (left) and Kitchen #212 (right) e4

Cracking of the concrete slab floor of the 2nd floor observation deck was observed, shown adjacent. WMAT personnel present during the pre-proposal meeting indicated the floor of this observation deck failed during the construc-tion process and had to be reinstalled. The cracks indicated in the image have apparently been present for some time according to WMAT Department of Corrections personnel.

Exposed Footings in Cell Block In addition to the wall cracks it appears that the footing for the CMU bearing walls within the cell blocks was poured too high and did not allow for enough thickness of the concrete floor over the footing. Wear and tear of the concrete floor has resulted in the top of the footing being exposed for anywhere from 1-3” away from the wall. While these conditions do not warrant structural con-cerns, these conditions do create a sanitation concern as it is a potential location for harborage of dirt, debris, and potential microorganisms.

Building Exterior Conditions Broken CMU at Door #104A Outside door #104A the CMU has broken away and exposed a steel column embedded within the CMU wall. It appears the CMU cells were hollowed out to allow for the placement of this column. The images below indicate this condition.

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The mortar joints have separated and there have been prior attempts to caulk these joints with various materials. The caulking materials have not stopped the infiltration of water.

This CMU damage is present directly below the junction of the low-level roof and the high-level roof. The point where these masonry walls abut on the roof has not been flashed properly and water has been entering the CMU wall cavity and traveling down to the column below. The freeze and thaw action of this water is the likely cause of the eruption of the CMU face at the column adjacent to Door #104A.

Column Placement Within CMU Cavity The placement of the column within the CMU cavity also contributes to the cause of the CMU cracking condition identified. The removal of portions of the CMU to accommodate the column installation lessened the integrity of the CMU. The placement of the column within the CMU limits the ability of the two structural elements to move independently. It is our opinion the existing steel column where the CMU wall has cracked needs to be removed and a new column set inside the building. This new column per the original plans should be an HSS 5 x 5 x 5/16 steel tube. This new column should be placed a minimum of 6” clear from the existing column. (see adjacent drawing). Once the new column is in place the CMU around the existing column as well as the existing column can be removed. After this is accomplished the CMU wall would be recon-structed. This new gap created between the col-umn and the CMU wall will allow both the steel frame and the CMU wall to move independently thus reducing the differential movement of each and the cracking of the CMU wall.

The new column cap plate should be bolted to the bottom flange of the existing beam. The new column base plate should be anchored int the existing footing and the concrete floor repaired & sealed upon completion of the column installation.

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Warped Door Frame at Door #104 The existing door 104A has a 16-inch steel member serving as a door lintel in the original con-struction. Typically, these lintels are supported by the CMU wall. Because the steel column was immediately adjacent to door 104A the lintel was attached to the column to provide support. As a result, when the column moved so did the door lintel attached to it resulting in increased stresses in the steel door frame. Once the existing steel column is replaced, the existing steel lintel shall be extended by 8 inches and supported by the reconstructed CMU wall. The door frame can be straightened once the lintel attachment to the door is removed. Some CMU repair may be required around the door lintel to complete the straightening of the door frame.

Improper Flashing at Roofing Membrane and Lack of Adequate Drainage A complete assessment of the roof membrane was not part of our scope, but we offer the following comments. The onsite personnel advised us that there were not any persistent leaks from the roof. We would advise that a periodic roof inspection be made by a qualified roof contractor to assess the remaining useful life the roof membrane. The sheet metal flashing on the parapet of the low roof was not sufficiently attached or sealed during original construction. Onsite mainte-nance personnel have made several attempts to seal the joist in the flashing. This seems to have helped but will need to be addressed on an ongoing basis. Where this low roof parapet meets the CMU wall shown below the CMU needs to be grouted where the CMU has spalled off and new flashing installed to prevent further intrusion of water int the CMU wall in this area. New flashing should be installed vertically along the CMU as well as at the roof level.

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Exterior Site Conditions Roof drainage from the building is via scuppers that discharge into downspouts. These down-spouts discharge directly onto the landscaping or sidewalk areas. In certain locations this roof drainage cannot discharge across the sidewalks and is migrating toward the building. At other discharge points the water is trapped within the landscaping and cannot flow away from the building as needed. Typical photos of this condition are presented below.

Spalled Sidewalk at Main Entry The sidewalks at the main entry exhibit significant spalling and cracking. This could have been caused by the roof drain downspout discharging directly onto the sidewalk since the facility was opened. This spalling has created a very uneven surface not conducive to the heavy foot traffic at the main entry. It is likely the depressions in the concrete created by the spalling retain water and freeze during cold temperatures which may result in a slipping hazard.

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Relocation of Downspout to Alleviate Spalling at Main Entrance The concrete spalling discussed above may be alleviated by the relocation of the discharge point of the downspout. Rainwater discharges directly onto the concrete and the slope of the sidewalk is not adequate to allow the water to drain off the sidewalk. As previously mentioned, standing water on the sidewalk may freeze in cold temperatures and cause a slip hazard. The image below shows the condition of the existing roof downspout.

Relocating this downspout to the west (left of the photo) approximately 6-8’ will allow water to discharge onto the landscaped area. The downspout would need to be sloped above the second story window shown in the image before dropping downward to the landscaped area. This is a similar installation to the center downspout shown in the image below. A splash block should be installed at the base of the relocated downspout.

Trapped Drainage from Roof Downspout There are three (3) downspouts on the south side of the building. Water discharging from the center of these downspouts is trapped in the landscaping between the building and the sidewalk.

There is clear evidence of ponding and erosion at this location. A splash block has been placed at the downspout to alleviate some of the erosion, but this condition will continue to cause soil erosion and should be corrected. Minor grading coupled with the placement of a concrete swale will allow water to move away from the building effec-tively.

Cracked CMU on Exterior Multiple locations on the exterior wall exhibit minor cracking. These areas should be tucked and pointed by a qualified mason to prevent infiltration of water. Repaired areas should be repainted after repairs.

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on these observations, it is our professional opinion that the described conditions do not pose significant structural defects at this time but must be addressed to prevent continued dete-rioration. Such deterioration could ultimately pose future serious structural concerns and involve more complicated methods of repairs.

Much of the exterior CMU wall damage condition at Door #104 appears to be caused by improper flashing and waterproofing defects along the exterior wall. This has allowed water to enter the wall cavity. This moisture can then freeze and break down the structural ability and load bearing capacities of the masonry block.

The following corrective actions and monitoring activities are recommended to address existing damages and prevent future deterioration of the facility.

• Relocate Existing Column to Interior of Exterior Masonry Wall o Saw cut existing interior concrete floor approximately 24” x 24” to expose footing o Remove existing pedestal around column o Install new anchor bolts to match new column plate by drilling and utilizing epoxy o Remove existing clip and bolted connection on underside of beam to facilitate placement of new column o Fabricate, deliver, and install new 5” tube steel column o Attach new column to underside of existing beam and to existing footing o Repour concrete floor to match existing o Seal new concrete floor area to match o Paint new column to match existing interior wall color o Note: This work will require the temporary relocation and reinstallation of a telephone lo-cated adjacent to the impacted column

• Removal of Existing Column and Exterior Masonry Wall Repairs at Column #8 o Remove existing after new column has been placed o Remove existing damaged concrete masonry units (CMU) up to top of gate, ap-proximately 168” o Replace removed/damaged CMU, grout cells as necessary to accommodate door frame for door #104A o Repaint repaired sections of CMU to match existing walls

• Reset Existing Door #104A o Extend lintel into new CMU o Correct placement of existing door frame to allow for proper door movement o Rehang existing door within adjusted frame o Replace hinges and hardware as needed o Adjust door as required to ensure proper movement of door

• Roof and Flashing Repairs o Remove existing flashing and caulking as needed to facilitate repair o Install new metal flashing where lower level CMU parapet wall meets higher level CMU wall. Install on both horizontal and vertical surfaces of this juncture.

o Repair any roofing membrane damaged during the new flashing install o Correct existing flashing at roof level at this juncture and install new tapered insu-lation if necessary to promote positive drainage away from these corners.

• Sidewalk Removal and Replacement to Facilitate Positive Drainage o Saw cut and remove existing damaged and spalled sections of concrete sidewalk at front entry, approximately 120 square feet o Install new concrete sidewalk to match existing and slope to drain away from building

• Repair Concrete Floor in C-Block Where Floor Meets CMU Bearing Wall o Clean debris within existing gap and prepare as needed to receive floor leveling material o Pour self-leveling concrete floor compound similar to Ardex or an approved equivalent, approximately 20-30 square feet of total area to be repaired o After floor repair has cured apply concrete to floor to match existing

• Site Drainage Improvements o Install concrete drainage swale from downspout to carry water to positive drain-age location o Regrade as needed to facilitate placement of swale

• Redirect Roof Downspout Drainage Off of Front Sidewalk and Direct Away from Building o Disconnect existing downspout o Add new section of gutter to match existing to the east of the existing downspout location. Add approximately 10-12’ section of new gutter at an angle above exist-ing window to allow vertical section of downspout to discharge off the existing concrete sidewalk. Existing vertical sections of downspout may be reused as long as the integrity of the downspout system remains. If existing downspout can-not be properly reused, it must be replaced with new downspout.

o Add new splash block at discharge of relocated downspout o Paint downspout to match existing

• Repair (Tuck and Point) Masonry Cracks on Interior and Exterior o Labor & materials for repairs for approximately 300 square feet (allowance) o Repaint repaired masonry to match adjacent finishes

• Repair Miscellaneous Interior Drywall Cracks o Labor & materials for repairs for existing damage (allowance) o Repaint repaired drywall to match adjacent finishes

It is our opinion the facility can be re-occupied before these repairs are initiated. A separate let-ter will be issued from the engineer as to re-occupancy status. Some areas of the facility will need to be isolated while work is conducted particularly the work associated with the column re-placement and CMU repair at door 104A.

PROBABLE OPINION OF COSTS

Based on the recommendations and corrective actions provided it is anticipated the following costs may be incurred. These opinions of costs could vary substantially and are dependent on many factors beyond our control. For each probable cost a description and estimated quantity (where applicable) of the associated effort is provided.

• Relocate Existing Column to Interior of Exterior Masonry Wall - $20,000.00

• Removal of Existing Column and Exterior Masonry Wall Repairs at Column #8 - $7,500.00

• Reset Existing Door #104A - $2,000.00

• Roof and Flashing Repairs - $1,500.00

• Sidewalk Removal and Replacement to Facilitate Positive Drainage - $3,500.00

• Repair Concrete Floor in C-Block Where Floor Meets CMU Bearing Wall - $1,000.00

• Site Drainage Improvements - $4,000.00

• Redirect Roof Downspout Drainage Off of Front Sidewalk and Direct Away from Building

- $1,500.00

• Repair (Tuck and Point) Masonry Cracks on Interior and Exterior - $3,000.00

• Repair Miscellaneous Interior Drywall Cracks - $1,000.00

LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

Limiting Parameters of Report

• Are limited to conditions of structure at time of inspection.

• Are opinions based on visual evidences of readily accessible areas.

• Do not include destructive or invasive testing.

• Are not technically exhaustive and do not include comprehensive engineering evalua-tions.

• Do not include systems or components, which are not related to the structure.

• Do not include warranties or guarantees.

• Are not for compliance or non-compliance of governing building codes.

• Do not require Engineer to enter any area or perform any act, which may damage the property or present a danger to Engineer or others.

• Do not require the engineer to move personal items, furniture, equipment, plant life, soil, or other obstructions to access or visibility.

The contents of this report do not constitute a guarantee or warranty for repairs, either implied or expressed. The information and opinions expressed and contained in this report are the property of the writer. Nothing contained in this report shall create a contractual relationship with or a cause of action in favor of a third party against either the writer, the client, or to whom this report is shared. The writer’s services as requested are being performed solely for the addressed client’s benefit, and no other party or entity shall have any claim against the writer because this report or the performance or non-performance of services rendered. Any use by any person other than the client, without the express written permission of the writer subjects the unauthorized user to potential legal action for infringement of the protected proprietary interest of the writer.