The University of Chicago was awarded a $688,882 Project Grant from the National Eye Institute (NEI) under the Vision Research federal grant program (CFDA 93.867). The grant, which runs from February 1, 2025 to January 31, 2029, supports research to understand the neuronal computations underlying rapid and flexible visual categorical decisions. The experimental work employs large-scale neuronal population recording techniques to monitor brain activity in three interconnected regions during visual decision-making tasks, while the theoretical work develops novel theories of neuronal population function. This research aims to provide a detailed understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying learning, memory, and recognition, which is critical for addressing brain-based diseases and disorders that impair visual processing and decision-making.