The National Science Foundation Office of Integrative Activities awarded the University of South Carolina $392,815 under the Geosciences program (CFDA 47.050) on January 1, 2027, to analyze mantle sources of large igneous provinces through comparative study of the Siberian Traps and Deccan volcanic provinces. The research examines geochemical differences between the two largest Phanerozoic volcanic eruptions, focusing on how competing deep mantle sources versus shallow crustal processes drive the presence of world-class copper-nickel-platinum group element mineralization in the Siberian Traps and its absence in the Deccan. The project employs novel fluid-mobile element analyses including molybdenum and thallium tracers to constrain the roles of mantle plumes, subcontinental lithosphere contributions, and crustal contamination in shaping these provinces' distinct compositions and economic mineral endowments. Work is performed in Columbia, South Carolina, with a period of performance through December 31, 2028. The award supports training of the next generation of geoscientists, including high school and undergraduate students and a postdoctoral fellow.