This $419,230 five-year project grant from the National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology, under the Biological Sciences program (CFDA 47.074), will evaluate the contribution of sensory drive to the divergence of flower color in plant species. Led by Clemson University researchers, the project aims to understand how flower color may evolve differently between populations without major shifts in pollinator species by studying populations of Phacelia dubia, a bee-pollinated annual, in habitats with starkly different background colors that could affect how pollinators see floral signals. Researchers will conduct field observations and experiments in 12 natural populations, a four-generation experimental evolution study, and growth chamber experiments to evaluate the roles of sensory drive, pollinator shifts, and environmental variables in shaping flower color. An educational component will engage undergraduates, 4-H members, and native plant societies to link pollinator behavior with the results of natural selection and address whether background-dependent evolution contributes to broader color diversification. Insights could help predict floral signal changes with climate change and strengthen understanding of floral evolution mechanisms.
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