This $1,534,583 Cooperative Agreement award from the National Science Foundation (CFDA 47.074 Biological Sciences) funds the Polyploidy Integration and Innovation Institute. The institute will conduct coordinated research across multiple model organisms, including yeast, Arabidopsis, duckweed, Chlamydomonas, and fruit flies, to study the underlying rules and impacts of polyploidy - the presence of three or more sets of chromosomes within a cell. Key activities include parallel experiments to test hypotheses about nucleotypic effects and the cellular, organismal, evolutionary, and ecosystem-level consequences of polyploidy. The award also supports an integrated training program and outreach efforts to transform scientific understanding and workforce diversity in this area. Sub-awards to the University of Mississippi, Duke University, Cornell University, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Minnesota will contribute specialized experimental studies, data analysis, and model development related to polyploidy across biological scales and systems.