Not listed MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS ONBOARD THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT DETECT THE PLUME AS IT ENCOUNTERS ENCELADUS. HAVING COMPLETED 19 FLYBYS BY THE END OF 2012 CASSINI HAS REVEALED MANY INTERESTING PROPERTIES OF THESE PLUMES INCLUDING TEMPORAL SPATIAL AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. HOWEVER THERE REMAIN MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE FORCES THAT MODULATE THE VARIABILITY AND THE DETAILS OF THE SUBSURFACE SOURCE. THE NATURE OF FLYBY MISSIONS IS THAT DIFFERENT GEOMETRY AND EXTERNAL FACTORS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTRIBUTE TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OBSERVATIONS FROM ONE FLYBY TO THE NEXT. WITHOUT BRINGING IN OUTSIDE INFORMATION IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DISENTANGLE SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLUMES FROM TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOURCES. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO PROVIDE A MODEL AS A CONSTANT FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING AND COUPLING DATA FROM MULTIPLE ENCELADUS ENCOUNTERS. OUR MODEL HAS ALREADY BEEN APPLIED SUCCESSFULLY AS A CASE STUDY AND IS READY TO BE APPLIED TO FULLY ANALYZE THE REMAINING CASSINI ENCELADUS FLYBY DATA. THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS ACCOUNT FOR A NOMINAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME-DRIVEN EXOSPHERE OF ENCELADUS ALLOWING THE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL PATHS THROUGH THE PLUMES. WE PROPOSE TO USE THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS TO DERIVE THE DENSITY SOURCE RATES TEMPERATURE AND VELOCITY OF THE PLUMES THE VARIABILITY OF THE SOURCES AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION ON ENCELADUS AND TIME AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER (INMS) ONBOARD CASSINI. INMS RESOLVES THE SPATIAL PROFILE OF CONSTITUENTS OF MASS 28 U (N2 CO C2H4 OR A COMBINATION THEREOF) AND 44 U (CO2) DURING THE FLYBYS. HOWEVER THE WATER (18 U) MEASUREMENT IS NOT SPATIALLY RESOLVED. WE USE INMS DATA TO CONSTRAIN THE VELOCITY AND DENSITY OF PARTICLES THAT IT ENCOUNTERS AT ALTITUDE DURING THE FLYBYS. FURTHER THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL MODEL THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME FOR EACH SPECIES: 18 U 28 U AND 44 U. USING DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS FOR THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED 28 U AND 44 U DATA WE TRACE THE IN SITU MEASUREMENTS BACK TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE VELOCITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE(S). WE THEN COMPILE THE SPATIALLY UNRESOLVED 18 U DENSITY (I.E. INTEGRATED OVER THE ENTIRE FLYBY) AND THE INTEGRATED MODEL PROFILE TO DETERMINE WATER SOURCE RATES FOR EACH INMS FLYBY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO THE CDAPS PROGRAM BECAUSE IT PRIMARILY USES DATA FROM ONE OF CASSINI S INSTRUMENTS: THE INMS. THE PROPOSED MODELING COMPONENT TO THE ANALYSIS IS CRITICAL FOR LINKING THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT MODULATE THEM. THUS THE DATA/MODEL ANALYSIS ENHANCES THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM THE CASSINI MISSION. ($808) 4/20/21 Not listed MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS ONBOARD THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT DETECT THE PLUME AS IT ENCOUNTERS ENCELADUS. HAVING COMPLETED 19 FLYBYS BY THE END OF 2012 CASSINI HAS REVEALED MANY INTERESTING PROPERTIES OF THESE PLUMES INCLUDING TEMPORAL SPATIAL AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. HOWEVER THERE REMAIN MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE FORCES THAT MODULATE THE VARIABILITY AND THE DETAILS OF THE SUBSURFACE SOURCE. THE NATURE OF FLYBY MISSIONS IS THAT DIFFERENT GEOMETRY AND EXTERNAL FACTORS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTRIBUTE TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OBSERVATIONS FROM ONE FLYBY TO THE NEXT. WITHOUT BRINGING IN OUTSIDE INFORMATION IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DISENTANGLE SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLUMES FROM TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOURCES. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO PROVIDE A MODEL AS A CONSTANT FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING AND COUPLING DATA FROM MULTIPLE ENCELADUS ENCOUNTERS. OUR MODEL HAS ALREADY BEEN APPLIED SUCCESSFULLY AS A CASE STUDY AND IS READY TO BE APPLIED TO FULLY ANALYZE THE REMAINING CASSINI ENCELADUS FLYBY DATA. THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS ACCOUNT FOR A NOMINAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME-DRIVEN EXOSPHERE OF ENCELADUS ALLOWING THE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL PATHS THROUGH THE PLUMES. WE PROPOSE TO USE THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS TO DERIVE THE DENSITY SOURCE RATES TEMPERATURE AND VELOCITY OF THE PLUMES THE VARIABILITY OF THE SOURCES AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION ON ENCELADUS AND TIME AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER (INMS) ONBOARD CASSINI. INMS RESOLVES THE SPATIAL PROFILE OF CONSTITUENTS OF MASS 28 U (N2 CO C2H4 OR A COMBINATION THEREOF) AND 44 U (CO2) DURING THE FLYBYS. HOWEVER THE WATER (18 U) MEASUREMENT IS NOT SPATIALLY RESOLVED. WE USE INMS DATA TO CONSTRAIN THE VELOCITY AND DENSITY OF PARTICLES THAT IT ENCOUNTERS AT ALTITUDE DURING THE FLYBYS. FURTHER THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL MODEL THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME FOR EACH SPECIES: 18 U 28 U AND 44 U. USING DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS FOR THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED 28 U AND 44 U DATA WE TRACE THE IN SITU MEASUREMENTS BACK TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE VELOCITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE(S). WE THEN COMPILE THE SPATIALLY UNRESOLVED 18 U DENSITY (I.E. INTEGRATED OVER THE ENTIRE FLYBY) AND THE INTEGRATED MODEL PROFILE TO DETERMINE WATER SOURCE RATES FOR EACH INMS FLYBY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO THE CDAPS PROGRAM BECAUSE IT PRIMARILY USES DATA FROM ONE OF CASSINI S INSTRUMENTS: THE INMS. THE PROPOSED MODELING COMPONENT TO THE ANALYSIS IS CRITICAL FOR LINKING THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT MODULATE THEM. THUS THE DATA/MODEL ANALYSIS ENHANCES THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM THE CASSINI MISSION. $0 4/20/21 8 MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS ONBOARD THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT DETECT THE PLUME AS IT ENCOUNTERS ENCELADUS. HAVING COMPLETED 19 FLYBYS BY THE END OF 2012, CASSINI HAS REVEALED MANY INTERESTING PROPERTIES OF THESE PLUMES, INCLUDING TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. HOWEVER, THERE REMAIN MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS, ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE FORCES THAT MODULATE THE VARIABILITY AND THE DETAILS OF THE SUBSURFACE SOURCE. THE NATURE OF FLYBY MISSIONS IS THAT DIFFERENT GEOMETRY AND EXTERNAL FACTORS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTRIBUTE TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OBSERVATIONS FROM ONE FLYBY TO THE NEXT. WITHOUT BRINGING IN OUTSIDE INFORMATION, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DISENTANGLE SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLUMES FROM TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOURCES. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO PROVIDE A MODEL AS A CONSTANT FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING AND COUPLING DATA FROM MULTIPLE ENCELADUS ENCOUNTERS. OUR MODEL HAS ALREADY BEEN APPLIED SUCCESSFULLY AS A CASE STUDY AND IS READY TO BE APPLIED TO FULLY ANALYZE THE REMAINING CASSINI ENCELADUS FLYBY DATA. THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS ACCOUNT FOR A NOMINAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME-DRIVEN EXOSPHERE OF ENCELADUS ALLOWING THE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL PATHS THROUGH THE PLUMES. WE PROPOSE TO USE THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS TO DERIVE THE DENSITY, SOURCE RATES, TEMPERATURE, AND VELOCITY OF THE PLUMES, THE VARIABILITY OF THE SOURCES AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION ON ENCELADUS AND TIME, AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER (INMS) ONBOARD CASSINI. INMS RESOLVES THE SPATIAL PROFILE OF CONSTITUENTS OF MASS 28 U (N2, CO, C2H4, OR A COMBINATION THEREOF) AND 44 U (CO2) DURING THE FLYBYS. HOWEVER, THE WATER (18 U) MEASUREMENT IS NOT SPATIALLY RESOLVED. WE USE INMS DATA TO CONSTRAIN THE VELOCITY AND DENSITY OF PARTICLES THAT IT ENCOUNTERS AT ALTITUDE DURING THE FLYBYS. FURTHER, THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL MODEL THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME FOR EACH SPECIES: 18 U, 28 U, AND 44 U. USING DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS FOR THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED 28 U AND 44 U DATA, WE TRACE THE IN SITU MEASUREMENTS BACK TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE, VELOCITY, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE(S). WE THEN COMPILE THE SPATIALLY UNRESOLVED 18 U DENSITY (I.E. INTEGRATED OVER THE ENTIRE FLYBY) AND THE INTEGRATED MODEL PROFILE TO DETERMINE WATER SOURCE RATES FOR EACH INMS FLYBY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO THE CDAPS PROGRAM BECAUSE IT PRIMARILY USES DATA FROM ONE OF CASSINI S INSTRUMENTS: THE INMS. THE PROPOSED MODELING COMPONENT TO THE ANALYSIS IS CRITICAL FOR LINKING THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT MODULATE THEM. THUS THE DATA/MODEL ANALYSIS ENHANCES THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM THE CASSINI MISSION. Funding Only Action ($808) 4/20/21 7 MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS ONBOARD THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT DETECT THE PLUME AS IT ENCOUNTERS ENCELADUS. HAVING COMPLETED 19 FLYBYS BY THE END OF 2012, CASSINI HAS REVEALED MANY INTERESTING PROPERTIES OF THESE PLUMES, INCLUDING TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. HOWEVER, THERE REMAIN MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS, ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE FORCES THAT MODULATE THE VARIABILITY AND THE DETAILS OF THE SUBSURFACE SOURCE. THE NATURE OF FLYBY MISSIONS IS THAT DIFFERENT GEOMETRY AND EXTERNAL FACTORS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTRIBUTE TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OBSERVATIONS FROM ONE FLYBY TO THE NEXT. WITHOUT BRINGING IN OUTSIDE INFORMATION, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DISENTANGLE SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLUMES FROM TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOURCES. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO PROVIDE A MODEL AS A CONSTANT FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING AND COUPLING DATA FROM MULTIPLE ENCELADUS ENCOUNTERS. OUR MODEL HAS ALREADY BEEN APPLIED SUCCESSFULLY AS A CASE STUDY AND IS READY TO BE APPLIED TO FULLY ANALYZE THE REMAINING CASSINI ENCELADUS FLYBY DATA. THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS ACCOUNT FOR A NOMINAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME-DRIVEN EXOSPHERE OF ENCELADUS ALLOWING THE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL PATHS THROUGH THE PLUMES. WE PROPOSE TO USE THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS TO DERIVE THE DENSITY, SOURCE RATES, TEMPERATURE, AND VELOCITY OF THE PLUMES, THE VARIABILITY OF THE SOURCES AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION ON ENCELADUS AND TIME, AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER (INMS) ONBOARD CASSINI. INMS RESOLVES THE SPATIAL PROFILE OF CONSTITUENTS OF MASS 28 U (N2, CO, C2H4, OR A COMBINATION THEREOF) AND 44 U (CO2) DURING THE FLYBYS. HOWEVER, THE WATER (18 U) MEASUREMENT IS NOT SPATIALLY RESOLVED. WE USE INMS DATA TO CONSTRAIN THE VELOCITY AND DENSITY OF PARTICLES THAT IT ENCOUNTERS AT ALTITUDE DURING THE FLYBYS. FURTHER, THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL MODEL THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME FOR EACH SPECIES: 18 U, 28 U, AND 44 U. USING DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS FOR THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED 28 U AND 44 U DATA, WE TRACE THE IN SITU MEASUREMENTS BACK TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE, VELOCITY, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE(S). WE THEN COMPILE THE SPATIALLY UNRESOLVED 18 U DENSITY (I.E. INTEGRATED OVER THE ENTIRE FLYBY) AND THE INTEGRATED MODEL PROFILE TO DETERMINE WATER SOURCE RATES FOR EACH INMS FLYBY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO THE CDAPS PROGRAM BECAUSE IT PRIMARILY USES DATA FROM ONE OF CASSINI S INSTRUMENTS: THE INMS. THE PROPOSED MODELING COMPONENT TO THE ANALYSIS IS CRITICAL FOR LINKING THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT MODULATE THEM. THUS THE DATA/MODEL ANALYSIS ENHANCES THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM THE CASSINI MISSION. Other Administrative Action $0 4/20/21 Not listed MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS ONBOARD THE CASSINI SPACECRAFT DETECT THE PLUME AS IT ENCOUNTERS ENCELADUS. HAVING COMPLETED 19 FLYBYS BY THE END OF 2012 CASSINI HAS REVEALED MANY INTERESTING PROPERTIES OF THESE PLUMES INCLUDING TEMPORAL SPATIAL AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. HOWEVER THERE REMAIN MANY UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE FORCES THAT MODULATE THE VARIABILITY AND THE DETAILS OF THE SUBSURFACE SOURCE. THE NATURE OF FLYBY MISSIONS IS THAT DIFFERENT GEOMETRY AND EXTERNAL FACTORS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTRIBUTE TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OBSERVATIONS FROM ONE FLYBY TO THE NEXT. WITHOUT BRINGING IN OUTSIDE INFORMATION IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DISENTANGLE SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLUMES FROM TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOURCES. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO PROVIDE A MODEL AS A CONSTANT FRAMEWORK FOR INTERPRETING AND COUPLING DATA FROM MULTIPLE ENCELADUS ENCOUNTERS. OUR MODEL HAS ALREADY BEEN APPLIED SUCCESSFULLY AS A CASE STUDY AND IS READY TO BE APPLIED TO FULLY ANALYZE THE REMAINING CASSINI ENCELADUS FLYBY DATA. THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS ACCOUNT FOR A NOMINAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME-DRIVEN EXOSPHERE OF ENCELADUS ALLOWING THE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL PATHS THROUGH THE PLUMES. WE PROPOSE TO USE THE DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS TO DERIVE THE DENSITY SOURCE RATES TEMPERATURE AND VELOCITY OF THE PLUMES THE VARIABILITY OF THE SOURCES AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION ON ENCELADUS AND TIME AND COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM THE ION NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER (INMS) ONBOARD CASSINI. INMS RESOLVES THE SPATIAL PROFILE OF CONSTITUENTS OF MASS 28 U (N2 CO C2H4 OR A COMBINATION THEREOF) AND 44 U (CO2) DURING THE FLYBYS. HOWEVER THE WATER (18 U) MEASUREMENT IS NOT SPATIALLY RESOLVED. WE USE INMS DATA TO CONSTRAIN THE VELOCITY AND DENSITY OF PARTICLES THAT IT ENCOUNTERS AT ALTITUDE DURING THE FLYBYS. FURTHER THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL MODEL THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLUME FOR EACH SPECIES: 18 U 28 U AND 44 U. USING DATA-MODEL COMPARISONS FOR THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED 28 U AND 44 U DATA WE TRACE THE IN SITU MEASUREMENTS BACK TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE VELOCITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOURCE(S). WE THEN COMPILE THE SPATIALLY UNRESOLVED 18 U DENSITY (I.E. INTEGRATED OVER THE ENTIRE FLYBY) AND THE INTEGRATED MODEL PROFILE TO DETERMINE WATER SOURCE RATES FOR EACH INMS FLYBY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO THE CDAPS PROGRAM BECAUSE IT PRIMARILY USES DATA FROM ONE OF CASSINI S INSTRUMENTS: THE INMS. THE PROPOSED MODELING COMPONENT TO THE ANALYSIS IS CRITICAL FOR LINKING THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT MODULATE THEM. THUS THE DATA/MODEL ANALYSIS ENHANCES THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM THE CASSINI MISSION. $0 3/16/20