Purpose. This AHRQ FOA solicits R21 Exploratory / Developmental grant applications that propose to build the scientific evidence base for effective public reporting for consumers through innovative, actionable studies that address pressing questions in the field. A number of studies suggest that consumers infrequent use of public reports of health care quality and resource use is due to reports poor design, irrelevant content, and inadequate dissemination, rather than a lack of consumer interest. Early evidence suggests that consumers want easy-to-understand, readily accessible reports that allow them to compare providers and sites of care based on quality and value at key decision points. In order for public reporting to be effective, reports need to provide consumers with transparent, timely information they can trust to help inform their conversations with providers and payers, and guide their health care decisions.