UFC 535-01.pdf

UFC 3-535-01

11 April 2017

Change 2, 6 April 2021

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

VISUAL AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

3 March 2018

VISUAL AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location 1 7 March 2018 Paragraphs 1-6.4, 1-6.7, 12-1.4.17, and 12-1.8.3 modified; Chapters 13 and 14 deleted.

2 6 April 2021 Paragraphs 1-6.7, 2-5.1.1, 2-5.1.2, 2-5.2, Appendix C

This UFC supersedes UFC 3-535-01, including Change 1, dated 3 March 2018.

This UFC will be formatted IAW the UFC Template upon next full revision.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request. The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements), for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

CHANGE SUMMARY SHEET

Subject: UFC 3-535-01, Visual Air Navigation Systems

Supersedes: UFC 3-535-01, 11 April 2017, including Change 1.

Description of Changes: This revision brings requirements for new airfields in compliance with new FAA criteria for signage, updates taxiway lighting to include LED type fixtures (Engineering Brief 67D), provides grounding layouts for runway and taxiway lighting circuits, and updates terminal clearance heights (TCH) to comply with new and additional aircraft as requested by Air Force Flight Standards Agency. It also clarifies guidance in the superseded version for which multiple questions were fielded.

Reasons for Changes:

• Combine Army and Air Force criteria into one document.

• Incorporate new FAA guidance and changes.

• Provide information on testing and inspection of systems prior to service and information on the characteristics of an airfield lighting system

• \1\Chapters 13 and 14 were removed and converted to TSEWG TP-20, Air Visual Air Navigation Facilities: Qualifying Equipment,” and TSEWG TP-21, Visual Air Navigation Facilities: Air Facility Equipment Inspection and Testing, respectively (see Appendix A, “References”)./1/

Impact: Cost impact is negligible. However, the following benefit should be realized:

• Designers will have a better understanding of the design requirements.

Unification Issues

• Para 1-2 states the document scope. It indicates that “Navy requirements are currently contained in Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) 51-50AAA-2.

When using the NAVAIR document, be certain that the complementary markings are installed and that no conflict occurs with the placement of light fixtures.” The Navy should clarify what “…no conflict occurs….” means, as it is unclear whether it references joint bases or only naval facilities.

• Para 1-5 and 1-6: Application of this document is used for Army and Air Force.

Navy uses Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) 51-50AAA-2, except for excerpts contained within this document which apply specifically to Navy that are not covered in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

• Para 1-7: The Army and the Air Force generally follow FAA standards that are primarily published as ACs, handbooks, and specifications. However, when FAA documents are in conflict with the Air Force or Army requirements, this UFC takes precedence. For the Navy, NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 takes precedence.

• Para 1-8.2.1: NATO STANAGs apply at Army and Air Force facilities in NATO theater countries except the United States and Canada, or wherever NATO funding is provided for the work, regardless of location. Navy application of NATO Standardization Agreements is guided by NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

• Para 1-10: The Army and Air Force have established tables within this document, which provide visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements and associated electronic aids. See Table 2-1A, “Air Force Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements,” Table 2-1B, “US Army Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements” or Table 2-3 “Theater of Operations (TO) Airfield Heliport/Helipad Visual Requirements.” For the Navy, NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 identifies visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements.

• Para 1-11 provides the Air Force process for obtaining waivers to requirements of visual air navigation aids. Para 1-12 provides the Army process for obtaining waivers to requirements of visual air navigation aids. Navy waiver process is covered in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2. These waiver processes are geared to the individual missions of these three services.

• Table 2-1A provides visual facilities requirements for Air Force airfields. Table 2- 1B provides visual facilities requirements for Army airfields. Navy visual facilities requirements are provided in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2. These visual facilities requirements are geared to the individual missions of these three services with the exception that Joint Army/Air Force bases may have additional requirements.

This issue has been resolved by Army-Air Force coordination on Table 2-1A.

• Table 3-6 Visual Threshold Crossing Height Groups is modified and contains Army and Air Force coordinated information. Navy aircraft are not included.

• Figure 4-4A and Figure 4-4B provide Threshold Light Configurations for Air Force and Army, respectively. They differ, based on mission.

• Figures 4-5A through Figure 4-5D provide Threshold Light Circuiting for Air Force and Army, respectively. Interleaving is not recommended for Air Force airfields.

• Para 12-3 Siting PAPI: For aircraft in height group 4 (Table 3-6) for Army airfields only, the PAPI is sited at the RPI plus an additional 300 feet (90 meters), +50 feet –0 feet (+15 meters –0 meters), from threshold.

• Para 12-3.1.2.2 Threshold Crossing Height (TCH). See Table 3-6. For the Air Force, the TCH is based on the most predominant aircraft using the runway

(the major command will make this determination). For the Army, the TCH is based on the most demanding aircraft height group expected to use the runway (the aviation community will coordinate with US Army Aeronautical Service Agency (USAASA) for this determination).

i

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

1-1 PURPOSE

1-2 SCOPE

1-3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

1-4 BACKGROUND

1-5 APPLICATION

1-6 NAVY REQUIREMENTS

1-7 FAA STANDARDS

1-8 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS

1-9 BASE RIGHTS AGREEMENTS

1-10 VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC AIDS

1-11 AIR FORCE WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENT

1-11.1 Approval Authority 1-11.2 Existing Air Force Facilities

1-12 US ARMY WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENT

1-12.1 Waiver Procedures 1-12.2 Contents of Waiver Requests 1-12.3 Existing US Army Facilities

1-13 METRICATION OF DIMENSIONS

1-14 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS

1-15 EXISTING FACILITIES

1-16 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION

1-17 UFC 3-535-02, Design Drawings for Visual Air Navigation

Facilities, Draft Final November 2017

CHAPTER 2 APPLICATION CRITERIA

2-1 PURPOSE OF CHAPTER

2-2 RELATION TO ELECTRONIC FACILITIES

2-3 APPLICATION OF REQUIREMENTS

2-4 REQUIREMENTS

2-5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) LIGHT FIXTURES

2-5.1 Prohibited Placements 2-5.2 Signage 2-5.3 LED Performance Requirements

2-6 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

CHAPTER 3 STANDARDS FOR LIGHTED APPROACH AIDS

3-1 APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM WITH SEQUENCED FLASHING

LIGHTS, (ALSF-1)

3-1.1 Purpose 3-1.2 Associated Systems 3-1.3 Configuration 3-1.4 Photometrics ii

3-1.5 Power Requirements 3-1.6 Control Requirements 3-1.7 Monitoring Requirements 3-1.8 Equipment 3-1.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

3-2 ALSF-2

3-2.1 Purpose 3-2.2 Configuration 3-2.3 Photometrics 3-2.4 Aiming Criteria 3-2.5 Power Requirements 3-2.6 Control Requirements 3-2.7 Monitoring Requirements 3-2.8 Equipment 3-2.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

3-3 SHORT APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM (SALS)

3-3.1 Purpose 3-3.2 Configuration 3-3.3 Photometrics 3-3.4 Power, Control and Monitoring 3-3.5 Equipment Used 3-3.6 Compliance with International Standards

3-4 SIMPLIFIED SHORT APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH

RUNWAY ALIGNMENT INDICATOR LIGHTS (SSALR)

3-4.1 Purpose 3-4.2 Configuration 3-4.3 Other Requirements 3-4.4 Compliance with International Standards

3-5 MEDIUM INTENSITY APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM WITH RUNWAY

ALIGNMENT INDICATOR LIGHTS (MALSR)

3-5.1 Purpose 3-5.2 Associated Systems 3-5.3 Configuration 3-5.4 Photometrics 3-5.5 Aiming Criteria 3-5.6 Approach Light Planes 3-5.7 Tolerance 3-5.8 Power Requirements 3-5.9 Control Requirements 3-5.10 Monitoring Requirements 3-5.11 Equipment 3-5.12 Compliance with International Standards

3-6 RUNWAY END IDENTIFIER LIGHTS (REIL)

3-6.1 Purpose 3-6.2 Associated Systems iii

3-6.3 Description 3-6.4 Configuration/Location/Aiming 3-6.5 Photometric Requirements 3-6.6 Power Requirements 3-6.7 Control Requirements 3-6.8 Monitoring Requirements 3-6.9 Compliance with International Standards

3-7 PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATOR (PAPI) SYSTEM

3-7.1 Purpose 3-7.2 Configuration 3-7.3 Photometric Requirements 3-7.4 Considerations 3-7.5 Power Requirements 3-7.6 Control Requirements 3-7.7 Foundations 3-7.8 Equipment 3-7.9 Flight Inspections 3-7.10 PAPI Siting 3-7.11 Compliance with International Standards

CHAPTER 4 STANDARDS FOR RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEMS

4-1 MIXING OF LIGHT SOURCE TECHNOLOGIES

4-1.1 Runway Perimeter Lighting 4-1.2 Runway Surface Lighting 4-1.3 Runway Visual Aid Requirements 4-1.4 Runway Circuiting Requirements 4-1.5 Photometric Testing

4-2 HIGH INTENSITY RUNWAY LIGHTS (HIRL) – RUNWAY EDGE

LIGHTS

4-2.1 Purpose 4-2.2 Configuration 4-2.3 Photometric Requirements 4-2.4 Runway/Runway Intersections 4-2.5 Equipment 4-2.6 Power Requirements 4-2.7 Control Requirements 4-2.8 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-3 MEDIUM INTENSITY RUNWAY LIGHTS (MIRL)

4-3.1 Purpose 4-3.2 Configuration 4-3.3 Photometric Requirements 4-3.4 Runway/Runway Intersections 4-3.5 Equipment 4-3.6 Power Requirements 4-3.7 Control Requirements iv

4-3.8 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-4 THRESHOLD LIGHTS

4-4.1 Purpose 4-4.2 High Intensity Threshold Light Configuration 4-4.3 Medium Intensity Threshold Lights 4-4.4 Photometric Requirements 4-4.5 Equipment 4-4.6 Power Requirements 4-4.7 Control Requirements 4-4.8 Aiming Threshold/ Approach 4-4.9 Monitoring Requirements 4-4.10 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-5 LIGHTING WITH DISPLACED THRESHOLDS

4-5.1 General 4-5.2 Configuration for Permanent Displacement 4-5.3 Configuration for Temporary Displacement 4-5.4 Equipment 4-5.5 Power, Control and Monitoring 4-5.6 Compliance with International Standards 4-5.7 Additional Information

4-6 RUNWAY END LIGHTS

4-6.1 Purpose 4-6.2 Configuration 4-6.3 Photometric Requirements 4-6.4 Equipment 4-6.5 Compliance with International Military Standards 4-6.6 Additional Information

4-7 RUNWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTS (RCL)

4-7.1 Purpose 4-7.2 Configuration 4-7.3 Photometric Requirements 4-7.4 Adjustment and Tolerances 4-7.5 Equipment 4-7.6 Power Requirements 4-7.7 Control Requirements 4-7.8 Monitoring Requirements 4-7.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

4-8 TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTS (TDZL)

4-8.1 Purpose 4-8.2 Configuration 4-8.3 Photometric Requirements 4-8.4 Adjustment and Tolerances 4-8.5 Equipment 4-8.6 Power, Control and Monitoring 4-8.7 Compliance with International Standards v

4-8.8 Additional Information

CHAPTER 5 STANDARDS FOR TAXIWAY LIGHTING

5-1 TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING

5-1.1 Purpose 5-1.2 Configuration 5-1.3 Tolerances 5-1.4 Photometric Requirements 5-1.5 Equipment 5-1.6 Power Requirements 5-1.7 Control Requirements 5-1.8 Monitoring Requirements 5-1.9 Compliance with International Standards

5-2 TAXIWAY CENTERLINE LIGHTS

5-2.1 Purpose 5-2.2 Configuration 5-2.3 Tolerances 5-2.4 Equipment 5-2.5 Photometric Requirements 5-2.6 Power Requirements 5-2.7 Control Requirements 5-2.8 Monitoring Requirements 5-2.9 Compliance with International Standards

5-3 RUNWAY LEAD-OFF LIGHTS

5-3.1 Purpose 5-3.2 Configuration 5-3.3 Adjustments and Tolerances 5-3.4 Photometric Requirements and Horizontal Aiming 5-3.5 Equipment 5-3.6 Power Requirements 5-3.7 Control Requirements 5-3.8 Monitoring Requirements 5-3.9 Compliance with International Military Standards

5-4 TAXIWAY CLEARANCE BARS

5-4.1 Purpose 5-4.2 Configuration 5-4.3 Location of a Clearance Bar Installed at a Low Visibility

Hold Point 5-4.4 Location of a Clearance Bar Installed at a Taxiway Intersection 5-4.5 Light Beam Orientation for Clearance Bars 5-4.6 Equipment 5-4.7 Photometric Requirements 5-4.8 Fixtures 5-4.9 Monitoring 5-4.10 Compliance with International Military Standards vi

5-5 RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS (RGL)

5-5.1 Purpose 5-5.2 Configuration 5-5.3 Location of In-pavement Runway Guard Lights 5-5.4 Location of Elevated RGLs 5-5.5 Equipment 5-5.6 Power, Control and Monitoring 5-5.7 Compliance with International Standards

5-6 RUNWAY STOP BAR

5-6.1 Purpose 5-6.2 Configuration 5-6.3 Location of In-pavement Stop Bar Lights 5-6.4 Location of Elevated Stop Bar Lights 5-6.5 Equipment 5-6.6 Power and Control 5-6.7 Monitoring Requirements for Controlled Stop Bars 5-6.8 Compliance with International Standards

CHAPTER 6 STANDARDS FOR OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING

6-1 PURPOSE

6-2 OBJECTS TO BE LIGHTED

6-3 LIGHTING CONFIGURATION

6-4 LIGHTING VERSUS DAY MARKING

6-5 WAIVERS

6-6 EQUIPMENT

6-6.1 LED-Based Obstruction Lights

6-7 POWER REQUIREMENTS

6-7.1 Intensity Requirements

6-8 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

6-8.1 Obstruction Lights 6-8.2 Dual Lighting

6-9 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

6-10 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

6-10.1 NATO

6-10.2 AFIC

CHAPTER 7 STANDARDS FOR LIGHTING HELIPADS

7-1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

7-2 HELIPAD PERIMETER LIGHTS

7-2.1 Purpose 7-2.2 Standard Perimeter Light Configuration 7-2.3 Hospital Pad Perimeter Light Configuration

7-3 HELIPAD VFR LANDING DIRECTION AND APPROACH LIGHTS

7-3.1 Configuration of Landing Direction Lights 7-3.2 Purpose of Approach Direction Lights vii

7-3.3 Helipad IMC Approach Lights Category I

7-4 REFUELING AREA LIGHTS

7-5 HELIPAD FLOODLIGHTS

7-5.1 Purpose 7-5.2 Configuration 7-5.3 Helipad Refueling Floodlights

7-6 HELIPAD APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR

7-6.1 Purpose 7-6.2 Justification 7-6.3 Configuration

7-7 HELIPAD/HELIPORT BEACON

7-7.1 Purpose 7-7.2 Configuration 7-7.3 Construction 7-7.4 Luminous Features

7-8 HELIPAD WIND DIRECTION INDICATORS

7-8.1 Purpose 7-8.2 Configuration 7-8.3 Construction 7-8.4 Illumination

7-9 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS

7-9.1 Perimeter and Landing Direction Lights 7-9.2 Approach Direction Lights 7-9.3 Helipad Floodlights 7-9.4 Helipad Beacons 7-9.5 CHAPI Systems

7-10 POWER REQUIREMENTS

7-11 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

7-11.1 Perimeter Lights 7-11.2 Landing Direction Lights 7-11.3 Approach Direction Lights 7-11.4 Helipad Floodlights 7-11.5 Helipad Beacons

7-11.6 CHAPI

7-12 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

7-13 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

7-13.1 AFIC

7-13.2 NATO

7-14 EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER 8 STANDARDS FOR LIGHTING HELIPORTS

8-1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

8-1.1 Helicopter Runway 8-1.2 Design Criteria

8-2 HELIPORT LIGHTS

viii

8-2.1 Runway Edge Lights (White) 8-2.2 Taxiway Edge Lights (Blue) 8-2.3 Runway Threshold Lights 8-2.4 Taxiway Lights and Signs 8-2.5 Approach Lights 8-2.6 Heliport/Helipad Identification Beacon

8-3 ROTARY WING LANDING LANES

8-3.1 Rotary Wing Landing Lanes (formerly Stagefields) 8-3.3 Edge Lights 8-3.4 Other Requirements 8-3.5 Threshold/End Lights

8-4 REFUELING AREA LIGHTS

8-5 HOVERLANE LIGHTING SYSTEMS

8-6 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

8-6.1 Elevated Runway and Landing Lane Edge Lights 8-6.2 In-pavement Runway Lights 8-6.3 Threshold Lights 8-6.4 Runway Blue Lights 8-6.5 Refueling Area Lights 8-6.6 Runway and Taxiway Signs 8-6.7 Auxiliary Lighting

8-7 POWER REQUIREMENTS

8-7.1 Circuit Criteria 8-7.2 Cable Connectors, Plug and Receptacles 8-7.3 Cables 8-7.4 Isolation Transformers

8-8 CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

8-9 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

8-10 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

8-10.1 AFIC

8-10.2 NATO

8-11 EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER 9 STANDARDS FOR AIRFIELD SIGNS AND MARKERS

9-1 GENERAL

9-1.1 Purpose 9-1.2 Intent of Standard 9-1.3 Components of a Sign System 9-1.4 Sign Styles 9-1.5 Failure of Lighted Signs

9-2 MANDATORY SIGNS

9-2.1 Purpose 9-2.2 Installation 9-2.3 Characteristics 9-2.4 Power and Control ix

9-3 TAXIWAY GUIDANCE AND INFORMATION SIGNS

9-3.1 Purpose 9-3.2 Installation 9-3.3 Characteristics 9-3.4 Power and Control

9-4 LOCATION SIGNS

9-4.1 Purpose 9-4.2 Installation 9-4.3 Characteristics 9-4.4 Power and Control

9-5 SIGNING CONVENTIONS FOR AIRFIELD SIGNS

9-6 RUNWAY DISTANCE REMAINING (RDR) SIGNS

9-6.1 Purpose 9-6.2 Installation 9-6.3 Characteristics 9-6.4 Power and Control

9-7 ARRESTING GEAR MARKER

9-7.1 Purpose 9-7.2 Installation 9-7.3 Characteristics 9-7.4 Power and Control

9-8 OTHER SIGNS

9-8.1 Purpose 9-8.2 Installation 9-8.3 Characteristics

9-9 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

9-9.1 AFIC

9-9.2 NATO

9-9.3 Additional Information

CHAPTER 10 STANDARDS FOR MISCELLANEOUS VISUAL AIDS

10-1 AIRPORT BEACONS

10-1.1 Purpose 10-1.2 Beacon Types 10-1.3 Location Requirements 10-1.4 Photometric Requirements 10-1.5 Aiming 10-1.6 Equipment 10-1.7 Power Requirements 10-1.8 Control Requirements 10-1.9 Monitoring Requirements 10-1.10 Compliance with International Military Standards

10-2 WIND DIRECTION INDICATORS (CONES)

10-2.1 Purpose 10-2.2 Siting Requirements x

10-2.3 Wind Cone Configuration 10-2.4 Lighting Requirements 10-2.5 Power Requirements 10-2.6 Control Requirements 10-2.7 Monitoring Requirements 10-2.8 Equipment 10-2.9 Compliance with International Standards 10-2.10 Additional Information

10-3 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY RETRO-REFLECTIVE MARKERS

10-3.1 Purpose 10-3.2 Characteristics 10-3.3 Equipment

10-4 FLOOD, SECURITY, OR AUXILIARY LIGHTING

10-4.1 Special Lighting Arrangements 10-4.2 Floodlights 10-4.3 Lighting Intensities 10-4.4 Additional Guidance

CHAPTER 11 PORTABLE EMERGENCY LIGHTING

11-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

11-2 RUNWAY LIGHTING

11-2.1 Runway Edge Lighting 11-2.2 Runway End and Threshold Lighting

11-3 TAXIWAY EDGE LIGHTING

11-3.1 Straight Sections 11-3.2 Curved Sections

11-4 HELIPAD LIGHTING

11-5 FIXTURES

11-6 CONTROLS

11-7 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS

11-7.1 AFIC

11-7.2 NATO

CHAPTER 12 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

12-1 REQUIREMENTS

12-1.1 Light Fixture Mounting 12-1.2 Concrete Foundations 12-1.3 Cable and Duct Installation 12-1.4 Manhole/Handhole Design 12-1.5 Safety (Equipment) Grounding System 12-1.6 Counterpoise Lightning Protection System 12-1.7 Frangibility and Accident-Avoidance Construction 12-1.8 Airfield Lighting Vault 12-1.9 Emergency Power 12-1.10 Independent Power Sources xi

12-1.11 Airfield Lighting Control 12-1.12 Light Colors 12-1.13 Light Intensity 12-1.14 Special Considerations for Series Circuits

12-2 ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

12-2.1 General 12-2.2 FAA Advisory Circulars (ACs)

12-3 SITING PAPI

12-3.1 Considerations 12-3.2 Other Dimensions and Tolerances for PAPI

12-4 PULLING CABLE INTO DUCT

12-5 ICE DAMAGE PREVENTION

CHAPTER 13 \1\CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFIELD GROUND LIGHTING

13-1 GENERAL

13-2 POWER

13-3 CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEMS

13-4 CONSTANT CURRENT SERIES CIRCUITS

13-4.1 Circuit Failure 13-4.2 Advantages of Series Lighting Circuits 13-4.3 Major Disadvantages of Series Lighting Circuits 13-4.4 Typical Usage

13-5 CONSTANT CURRENT REGULATORS

13-6 REGULATOR SIZING

13-7 CABLE

13-8 TRANSFORMERS

13-9 LAMPS

13-10 PARALLEL CIRCUITS

13-10.1 Advantages of Parallel Lighting Circuits 13-10.2 Disadvantages of Parallel Lighting Circuits 13-10.3 Common Uses

13-11 CURRENT AND VOLTAGE ON SERIES CIRCUITS

13-12 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CIRCUIT DESIGN

13-13 CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION

13-13.1 Single Circuit per Lighting System 13-13.2 Multiple Circuits per Lighting System - Split Circuits 13-13.3 Multiple Circuits per Lighting System - Interleaved Circuits

13-14 PARALLEL CIRCUITS

13-15 PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT FIXTURES

13-15.1 Airfield Lighting 13-15.2 Wattage 13-15.3 Isocandela Curves 13-15.4 Main Beam Ellipse 13-15.5 Photometric Testing of New Airfield Lighting Systems 13-15.6 Photometric Testing of Existing Lighting Systems ............................... 244/1/ xii

APPENDIX A REFERENCES

APPENDIX B GLOSSARY

APPENDIX C

FIGURES

Figure 3-1 ALSF-1 Configuration Figure 3-2 Approach Lighting Photometrics Figure 3-3 Ideal Light Plane Elevation Limits Figure 3-4 Block Diagram-Approach Lighting, ALSF-1 Figure 3-5 ALSF-2 Configuration Figure 3-6 Block Diagram-Approach Lighting, ALSF-2 Figure 3-7 SALS Configuration Figure 3-8 SSALR Configuration Figure 3-9 MALSR Configuration Figure 3-10 Light Plane Elevation Limits Figure 3-11 PAPI Configuration Figure 3-12 PAPI Photometric Requirements Figure 3-13 PAPI Aiming Criteria Figure 4-1 Optional Interleaved Runway Lighting Circuits (not recommended for

Air Force Airfields) Figure 4-2 Runway Edge Light Configuration Figure 4-3 Elevated Fixture Height Figure 4-4A Threshold Light Configuration for Air Force Figure 4-4B Threshold Light Configuration for Army Figure 4-5A Threshold Light Circuiting for Air Force (interleaved) Figure 4-5B Air Force (non-interleaved) Figure 4-5C Threshold Light Circuiting for Army (interleaved) Figure 4-5D Army (non-interleaved) Figure 4-6 Threshold Light Photometric Requirements Figure 4-7 Displaced Threshold Light Configuration (Permanent) Where Runway

Surface is Used as a Taxiway with Taxiway End Lights Figure 4-8 Displaced Threshold Light Configuration (Permanent) Where Runway

Surface is Used for Takeoff and Landing Rollout Figure 4-9 Displaced Threshold Lighting Configuration (Temporary) Figure 4-10 Displaced Threshold Lighting Configuration With Co-Located

Threshold/End of Runway Lights (Temporary) Figure 4-11 Runway End Light Photometrics Figure 4-12 Runway Centerline Light Configuration Figure 4-13 Runway Centerline Light Photometric Configuration Figure 4-14 Touchdown Zone Light Photometric Requirements Figure 5-1 Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration (Straight) Figure 5-2 Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration (Curves) xiii

Figure 5-3 Taxiway Edge Lighting Configuration Entrance/Exit Figure 5-4 Taxiway Circuit Layout Figure 5-5 Taxiway Centerline Lighting Configuration (See FAA AC 120-57A) Figure 5-6 Taxiway Long Radius High Speed Exit Lights, Radius > 1,200 FT

(360 M) (See FAA AC 120-57A) Figure 5-7 Taxiway Short Radius High Speed Exit Lights, Radius ≤ 1,200 FT

(360 M) (See FAA AC 120-57A) Figure 5-8 Runway Guard Light Configuration Figure 5-9 Light Beam Aiming Point for In-Pavement RGLs and Stop Bars Figure 5-10 Runway Stop Bar Configuration Figure 5-11 Typical Light Beam Orientation for In-Pavement RGLs and Stop Bars ... 113 Figure 5-12 FAA L-862S, Elevated Stop Bar Light Figure 6-1 Obstruction Light Configuration, Height up to 350 Feet (105 Meters) Figure 6-2 Obstruction Light Configuration Height 150 to 350 Feet

(45 to 105 Meters) Figure 6-3 Obstruction Light Configuration Height 350 to 700 Feet

(105 to 210 Meters) Figure 6-4 Obstruction Lights on Buildings Figure 7-1 Helipad Perimeter Lights, Standard Configuration Figure 7-2 Helipad Perimeter Lights, Hospital Configuration Figure 7-3 VFR Helipad Landing Direction Lights Figure 7-4 Helipad VFR Approach Direction Lights Figure 7-5 Approach Lights Category I Figure 7-6 Helipad Floodlight Typical Configuration Figure 7-7 Block Diagram Without Tower Figure 7-8 Block Diagram with Tower Figure 8-1 Layout Heliport Lighting Figure 8-2 Rotary Wing Landing Lane Figure 8-3 Heliport Threshold and Edge Light Details Figure 8-4 Runway/Runway L Intersection Figure 8-5 Runway/Runway T Intersection Figure 8-6 Hoverlane Lighting Syste Figure 8-7 Block Diagram Typical System Figure 9-1 Typical Mandatory Signs Figure 9-2 Typical Taxiway Guidance and Information Signs Figure 9-3 Example of Taxiway-Taxiway Intersection Sign Location Figure 9-4 Typical Location Signs Figure 9-5 Examples of Signing Conventions Figure 9-6 Signing Examples Figure 9-7 TACAN Sign Location Figure 9-8 Typical RDR Signs and AGM Figure 9-9 RDR Sign Layout Configuration Figure 9-10 Arresting Gear Marker (AGM) Configuration Figure 10-1 Apron Area Flood Lighting Uniformity Criteria Figure 12-1 Counterpoise and Ground Rod Installation xiv

Figure 12-2 Series Cutout Circuit Diagram Figure 12-3 Installation Plan, Power Equipment Figure 12-4 Power and Control System Block Diagram Figure 12-5 Computerized Control System using PLC Block Diagram Figure 12-6 Computerized Control System using PC Block Diagram Figure 12-7 Siting PAPI without an ILS Glide Slope (1 of 2) Figure 12-7 Siting PAPI without an ILS Glide Slope (2 of 2) Figure 12-8 PAPI Positioning Guidance Figure 13-1 Typical AGL Layout Figure 13-2 Typical AGL Series Lighting Circuit Figure 13-3A Calculation of Steady Burning Load at the Lowest Brightness Level Figure 13-3B Sample Calculation of CCR with High Signage Load Figure 13-4 Sample Calculation of CCR Test Data Figure 13-4 Sample Calculation of CCR Test Data (Cont.)

Figure 13-5 Current and Voltage Illustration Figure 13-6 Runway Edge Light Photometric Requirements Figure 13-7 Photometric Isocandela Curves

TABLES

Table 2-1A Air Force Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements Table 2-1B US Army Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements Table 2-2 Helipad/Heliport Visual Facilities Requirements Table 2-3 Theater of Operations (TO) Airfield/Heliport/Helipad Visual Requirements ... 20 Table 3-1 Required Intensities for Elevated SFLs Table 3-2 Required Intensities for In-pavement SFLs Table 3-3 Brightness Control Matching Criteria Table 3-4 Elevation Setting Angles for ALSF-1 Table 3-5 Elevation Setting Angles for MALSR Table 3-6 Visual Threshold Crossing Height Groups Table 5-1 Taxiway Centerline Light Intensity and Beam Widths Table 9-1 Perpendicular Distances for Taxiway Signage from Centerline of

Crossing Taxiway Table 12-1 Considerations for Cable and Duct Installation Table 12-2 Intensity Requirement Levels for Incandescent Light Circuits Table 12-3 Aiming of FAA Type L-880 PAPI Relative to Glide Path Table 12-4 Maximum Allowable Non-Armored Cable Pulling Tension, Using

Dynamometer Table 13-1 AGL Series Circuit Load Calculation Data Sheet

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS AND CRITERIA

1-1 PURPOSE.

This document provides the guidance and detailed information on standard configurations and equipment. Use this document when designing, planning, constructing, and installing new systems.

1-2 SCOPE.

This document applies to Army and Air National Guard and Army and Air Force Reserve bases with responsibility for maintaining their airfield facilities. Existing systems and components are not required to be upgraded to these standards unless as part of a major rehabilitation. It is also important to note that the absence of a formerly FAA-approved NAVAID or piece of equipment from the current AC 150/5345-53, Appendix 3 Addendum is not an indication that this equipment is no longer approved for use. It means that particular NAVAID or piece of equipment is no longer manufactured. Much of this equipment is still supported for repairs by a sub-party of the former manufacturer and this NAVAID/piece of equipment may be more reliable and powerful than the one currently listed in the AC. Contact AFCEC/COSM if told that a NAVAID or piece of equipment is no longer approved for use. Beacons are one example of this situation.

This document contains the configuration standards, application and installation criteria, and a listing of applicable specifications for all visual air navigation facilities, except marking, at Air Force and US Army facilities.

Navy requirements are currently contained in Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) 51-50AAA-2. When using the NAVAIR document, be certain that the complementary markings are installed and that no conflict occurs with the placement of light fixtures.

1-3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES.

This document aligns Air Force/Army airfield lighting requirements to be as close as possible to those of the FAA, with the exception of requirements that are unique to Air Force/Army facilities. FAA Advisory Circulars (AC) that are equivalent to Air Force/Army requirements are referenced. Specific requirements for the Air Force/Army are stated with appropriate data and figures provided.

a. Requirements for lightning protection system (counterpoise) and equipment safety grounding systems are modified.

b. Figures and details are added to further clarify requirements. Runway stop bar requirements are also added.

c. References to other documents are updated due to cancellations or revisions.

d. The “Special Air Force Requirements” of Chapter 12 are now required for all installations.

e. Constant current regulators (CCR) are required to be ferro-resonant type. Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) types are no longer approved for designs of new vault and lighting system installations. In-kind replacements of SCRs for existing systems and circuits may be approved under some circumstances (consult AHJ). /2/

f. 50 kW and 70 kW constant current regulators and 2400 VAC input regulators are no longer approved for new installations.

g. Mixing of incandescent and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technologies on a single taxiway is not permitted. In addition, mixing of fixtures by LED manufacturers on a single taxiway is not permitted. If two taxiways are on a single circuit, fixtures for each taxiway must be uniform by type and manufacturer, not on the entire circuit, provided CCR is not overloaded.

1-4 BACKGROUND.

The term “visual air navigation facilities” refers to all lights (excluding ballpark-type lights for aprons and ramps which are covered in UFC 3-530-01), signs, symbols, and other visual aid devices located on and in the vicinity of an airfield. These facilities provide a visual reference and guidance to pilots when operating aircraft on the ground and in the air and supplement the guidance provided by electronic aids such as Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), Precision Approach Radar (PAR), and Instrument Landing System (ILS), for operating aircraft. Criteria for Air Force airfield markings are contained in UFC 3-260-04, Airfield And Heliport Marking.

1-4.1 Visual air navigation facilities and systems must be standardized for operational safety. Standardization means that the configuration and color of the lights at each airfield is identical and has the same meaning. Standardization enables pilots to readily interpret the guidance information.

1-4.2 Per Public Law 85-726, the FAA regulates and promotes civil aviation to foster its development and to provide for the safe and efficient use of the airspace by both civil and military aircraft. The FAA develops, modifies, tests, and evaluates systems, procedures, facilities, and devices. It also defines the performance characteristics needed for safe and efficient navigation and traffic control of all civil and military aviation.

1-5 APPLICATION.

Use this document for all major rehabilitation (i.e., when over half of the lighting system requires replacement), or for the establishment of new visual air navigation facilities at Air Force and US Army installations.

Do not install visual air navigation facilities or equipment other than those covered in this publication except when an appropriate waiver has been obtained (refer to paragraph 1-11 for Air Force waivers, or paragraph 1-12 for US Army waivers).

Exceptions are where international military standards apply, where Base Rights Agreements apply, where existing facilities configured to prior standards and criteria continues to give satisfactory service.

1-6 NAVY REQUIREMENTS.

Department of the Navy (Navy) requirements are contained in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

Use NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 on all Navy airfield construction projects. NAVAIR 51- 50AAA-2 takes precedence over this UFC and over FAA and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents. This paragraph takes precedence over information presented elsewhere in this UFC regarding Navy requirements.

1-6.1 Navy airfield requirements are listed in in Table 1, “Approach Visual Aids Requirements,” in NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2.

1-6.2 LED-lighted obstruction lights are not permitted on Navy projects due to the use of Night Vision Goggles (NVG) by rotary wing aircraft operations. FAA Safety Alert for Operators (SAFO) 09007 contains additional information.

1-6.3 LED-lighted airfield lighting fixtures are permitted on Navy projects with the acknowledgement from the CO or Airfield Manager that LEDs may not be compatible with Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) technology. EFVS is not known to be used on current Navy aircraft.

1-6.4 Additional Navy requirements that differ from Tri-service guidance include:

a. Install counterpoise systems using the equipotential method: above airfield lighting circuits and connected to all airfield lighting equipment, including light bases, guidance signs, and other metallic structures. Reference National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 780, Chapter 11, “Protection for Airfield Lighting Circuits.” \1\The required use of the equipotential method of counterpoise takes precedence over NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 counterpoise requirements./1/

b. Install counterpoise ground rods at a 2,000 foot maximum spacing and at all changes in direction, terminations, crossings, and connection to existing counterpoise.

c. Ground rods are not required in cans or on cans with counterpoise systems.

d. Do not use counterpoise wire in conduit with circuit conductors.

e. An equipment ground is not required in constant current circuit conduits.

f. Encase constant current circuit ducts in concrete only when installing under new roadways.

g. For airfield constant current and low-voltage circuits, use aircraft-rated hand holes. Manholes are required for medium-voltage power systems, per UFC 3-550-01.

h. Use 2-inch (53 mm) PVC duct for airfield constant current circuits, with a maximum of two airfield cables and two constant current circuits per duct, and a maximum of two constant current circuits. This permits the interleaving of two circuits within one conduit. /2/

i. A drain system in light bases using a duct system or hand holes is not required.

j. Insert PVC conduit through grommets 1 inch (25 mm) (minimum) to 1.5 inches (38 mm) (maximum) into the light base.

k. Only in-pavement fixtures use L-868 cans; elevated lights and signs use L-867 cans.

l. Except for runway in-pavement lights, use anti-seize compound on all threaded connections made on-site to cans, light supports, and sign legs. For runway in-pavement lights use ceramic fluoropolymer coated steel bolts without anti-seize.

m. Photometric testing of newly installed airfield light fixtures, as specified in Unified Facilities Guide Specification (UFGS) 26 56 20 is not required.

n. Consider at taxiway or runway intersections or crossings, provide two spare 2-inch (53 mm) PVC duct bank crossings with hand holes for future use and maintenance use.

1-6.5 Airfield Lighting Control Systems (AFLCS) for Navy projects are normally provided using project funding by Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center–Atlantic (SPAWARSYSCEN-Atlantic), Code 5.2.1.1.0, email: VIDS@navy.mil. Coordinate with SPAWAR during the 1391 development and during the at early stages of the project design.

1-6.6 \1\Precision approach path indicators (PAPI) systems for Navy projects normally require coordination with the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center– Atlantic (SPAWARSYSCEN-Atlantic), Code 525E0, Naval Flight Information Group (NAVFIG), email: NAVFIG@NAVY.MIL. Coordinate with SPAWAR during the early stages of the project design./1/

1-6.7 \1\Copies of NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 can be obtained from the Naval Air Technical Data and Engineering Service Center, located at the following website:

https://mynatec.navair.navy.mil/natechome.htm./1/ \2\ NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 can also be found on the Whole Building Design Guide site at http://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/supplemental-technical-criteria. /2/ https://mynatec.navair.navy.mil/natechome.htm./1/ http://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/supplemental-technical-criteria

1-7 FAA STANDARDS.

The Army and Air Force generally follow FAA standards that are primarily published as ACs, handbooks, and specifications. However, when FAA documents are in conflict with the Air Force or Army requirements, this UFC takes precedence.

1-8 INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STANDARDS.

1-8.1 This UFC satisfies the requirements of international military standards to the greatest extent possible.

1-8.1.1 NATO STANAGs are promulgated by the NATO Standardization Office

(NSO).

1-8.1.2 AFIC Air Standards (AIR STD) are promulgated by representatives of the military air forces of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States. AIR STDs governing airfield lighting and marking, obstructions, helipads, and heliports have been cancelled. /2/

1-8.2 Applicable international military standards take precedence over standards in this UFC as follows:

1-8.2.1 NATO.

NATO STANAGs apply at Army and Air Force facilities in NATO theater countries except the United States and Canada, or wherever NATO funding is provided for the work, regardless of location.

1-8.2.2 AFIC.

At Army and Air Force facilities in New Zealand and Australia, contact:

FVEY Air Force Interoperability Council – Management Committee 5E975, Pentagon Washington DC, 20330-1070 Email: usaf.pentagon.af-a3-5.mbx.asicad01@mail.mil Tel: +1 7036143707 /2/

1-9 BASE RIGHTS AGREEMENTS.

When the Army or Air Force builds an airfield in a foreign country, the United States obtains a Base Rights Agreement. Provisions of the Base Rights Agreement must be observed and may require that construction complies with standards of the host nation.

Under such an agreement, and whether or not international standards conform with standards of the host nation, the host nation must approve all plans. It may also be desirable to use equipment produced in the host nation.

1-10 VISUAL AND ELECTRONIC AIDS.

Provide visual air navigation aids appropriate for operational requirements and associated electronic aids. See Table 2-1A, “Air Force Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements,” Table 2-1B, “US Army Airfield Visual Facilities Requirements” or Table 2-3 “Theater of Operations (TO) Airfield Heliport/Helipad Visual Requirements.”

Except for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operation, electronic aids are needed to provide initial positioning and direction information to approaching aircraft. Visual landing aids ensure a timely and safe transition from the instrument phase to the visual phase of an approach. Failure to provide the necessary visual aids on an instrument runway will degrade the utility of the electronic systems. Furthermore, enhancing a runway with unnecessary visual aids wastes resources and offers minimal operational advantages.

Do not upgrade visual aids for a higher level of operations unless the runway, taxiway, or helipad is approved for that level, and appropriate electronic aids are programmed for installation. Waivers are required for all deviations. Also reference paragraph 2-3.

1-10.1 Electrical support equipment, including the emergency power system, for visual and air navigational aids are not airfield obstructions. If a visual or air navigation aid is classified a “permissible deviation,” then the power equipment supporting that visual or air navigation aid is also classified a “permissible deviation,” provided:

• The support equipment is installed behind the equipment it supports, from the perspective of a landing aircraft; and

• The horizontal footprint of the equipment, from the perspective of a landing aircraft, is minimized.

1-11 AIR FORCE WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENTS.

The major command Vice Commander may waive requirements of this UFC if compliance is not practical or feasible. In exercising this waiver authority, the Commander or Vice Commander must not adversely impact the effectiveness or safety of operations for any aircraft which may use the airfield. Under normal circumstances, funding or budgetary constraints are not adequate justification for granting a waiver.

1-11.1 Approval Authority.

Authority to approve waivers resides with the major command Commander or Vice Commander and may be delegated to the Director of Operations (DO), depending upon the waiver content, but may not be re-delegated.

1-11.1.1 Installation Representative.

The installation’s representative will:

a. Coordinate all waiver requests with the operations/airfield management and wing safety offices through the base level operations and safety divisions. In accordance with AFI 13-213 and Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 13-2, the operations/airfield management offices must coordinate as necessary with local wings and air traffic control agencies (e.g., FAA) providing terminal instrument procedures (TERPS) services for the affected locations.

b. Submit installation commander-approved waiver requests to AFIMSC/IZB for technical review; AFCEC Operations Directorate (AFCEC/CO) will provide subject matter expert (SME) support to AFIMSC.

c. Notify the FAA of waiver requests involving facilities at joint-use airfields subject to provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 77. Contact the regional FAA Airports Division having jurisdiction over the airfield for the requirements and coordination process. For contact information, consult http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/arc/ro_center/ and http://www.faa.gov/airports/news_information/contact_info/regional/. Also consult local U.S. Government telephone listings for contact numbers.

d. Maintain a complete record of all waivers requested and the disposition of each (approved or disapproved). Document all approved waivers and make these waiver packages a part of the permanent facility records, available for examination during inspections. Include a list of required waivers and those approved for a specific project in the project design analysis of future projects.

e. Forward copies of the completed documentation for each approved waiver with detailed justification to: SMEs:

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/arc/ro_center/ http://www.faa.gov/airports/news_information/contact_info/regional/

AFCEC/COSM

139 Barnes Drive, Suite 1 Tyndall AFB FL 32403-5319 afcec.cos.workflow@tyndall.af.mil

AFIMSC/IZB 3515 S. General McMullen Drive San Antonio TX 78226 afimsc.izb.workflow@us.af.mil

AF/A3X

1480 Air Force Pentagon Washington DC 20330-1480 afa3xoa.workflow@pentagon.af.mil

HQ AFSEC/SEFF 9700 G Avenue, South East Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5367 afsec.seff@kirtland.af.mil

HQ AFFSA/A3XA 6500 South MacArthur Blvd Bldg 4, Rm 240 Oklahoma City OK 73169 hqaffsa.xam@us.af.mil

ANG NGB/A7AD 3500 Fetchett Ave Joint Base Andrews MD 20762 (for Air National Guard installations only).

1-11.1.2 MAJCOM.

The MAJCOM will:

a. Ensure that all required coordination has been accomplished.

b. Ensure that the type of waiver requested is clearly identified as either “Temporary” or “Permanent.” Permanent waivers are required when no further mitigating actions are intended, necessary, or available. Temporary waivers are issued for a specified period during which additional actions to mitigate the situation must be initiated to fully comply with criteria or to allow the acquisition of a permanent waiver.

Follow-up inspections will be necessary to ensure that mitigating actions proposed for each temporary waiver are on schedule or progressing. Re-accomplish temporary waivers at the end of the initial period or annually, whichever is earlier.

1-11.2 Existing Air Force Facilities.

A waiver to requirements within this UFC is not required where existing facilities meet prior standards and continue to give satisfactory service.

mailto:afcec.cos.workflow@tyndall.af.mil mailto:afimsc.izb.workflow@us.af.mil

1-12 US ARMY WAIVERS OF REQUIREMENT.

1-12.1 Waiver Procedures.

1-12.1.1 The installation’s design agent, aviation representative (safety officer, operations officer, and/or Air Traffic and Airspace (AT&A) officer) and installation master planner will:

a. Jointly prepare/initiate waiver requests.

b. Submit requests through the installation to the major command (ACOM).

c. Maintain a complete record of all waivers requested and the disposition of each waiver (approved or disapproved). Include a list of required waivers and waivers approved for a specific project in the project design analysis prepared by the design agent aviation representative or installation master planner.

1-12.1.2 The ACOM will:

a. Ensure that all required coordination has been accomplished.

b. Ensure that the type of waiver requested is clearly identified as either “Temporary” or “Permanent.” Permanent waivers are required when no further mitigating actions are intended or necessary. Temporary waivers are issued for a specified period during which additional actions to mitigate the situation must be initiated to fully comply with criteria or to obtain a permanent waiver. Follow-up inspections will be necessary to ensure that mitigating actions proposed for each temporary waiver granted have been accomplished.

c. Review waiver requests and forward to US Army Aeronautical Service Agency (USAASA) for action. To expedite the waiver process, ACOMs are urged to simultaneously forward copies of requests to:

Director, US Army Aeronautical Services Agency (USAASA)

ATTN: MOAS-AI

9325 Gunston Road, Suite N319 Fort Belvoir VA 22060-5582

Commander, US Army Safety Center

(USASC)

ATTN: CSSC-SPC

Bldg. 4905, 5th Ave.

Fort Rucker AL 36362-5363

Director, US Army Aviation Center

(USAAVNC)

ATTN: ATZQ-ATC-AT

Fort Rucker AL 36362-5265

Director, USACE Transportation Systems Center (TSMCX)

ATTN: CENWO-ED-TX

1616 Capitol Ave.

Omaha NE 68102-2403

1-12.1.3 USAASA is responsible for coordinating the following reviews for each waiver request:

• Air traffic control and safety and risk assessments by USASC.

• Technical engineering review by TSMCX.

Based upon these reviews, USAASA makes a final determination. USAASA is responsible for all waiver actions related to Army operational airfield/airspace criteria.

1-12.2 Contents of Waiver Requests.

Reference the standard/criterion to be waived, citing paragraph and page numbers.

1-12.2.1 Justification for Waivers.

Demonstrate that safety and cost factors have been considered in justification for noncompliance, and that they adequately support the Army’s mission. Reference special studies which support the decision. Adequate justification for waivers of a requirement are when:

• Specific site conditions (physical and functional constraints) make compliance with existing criteria impractical and/or unsafe:

- Recurring adverse weather conditions require hangar space to be provided for all aircraft.

- Lack of land/space makes it necessary to expand hangar space closer to and within the runway clearances.

- Maintaining fixed-wing Class A clearance when support of Class B fixed-wing aircraft operations exceeds 10 percent of airfield operations.

• Deviation(s) from criteria fall within a reasonable margin of safety and do not impair construction of a facility long-range; for example, installing security fencing around and within established clearance areas.

• Construction that does not conform to criteria is the only alternative to meet mission requirements. Evidence of analysis and efforts taken to adhere to criteria and standards must be documented and referenced.

1-12.2.2 Operational Factors.

Include information on the following existing and/or proposed operational factors used in the assessment:

• Mission urgency.

• All aircraft by type and operational characteristics.

• Density of aircraft operations at each air operational facility.

• Facility capability Visual Flight Rules (VFR) or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)).

• Use of self-powered parking versus manual parking.

• Safety of operations (risk management).

• Existing navigational aids (NAVAID).

1-12.2.3 Alternatives Considered.

Record all alternatives considered, their consequences, required mitigation, and evidence of coordination.

1-12.3 Existing US Army Facilities.

A waiver to requirements within this UFC is not required where existing facilities meet prior standards and continue to give satisfactory service.

1-13 METRICATION OF DIMENSIONS.

Use ICAO standard English or metric equivalents rounded off (e.g., 30 meters equals 100 feet), although they do not represent exact conversions. No change in standard dimensions, tolerances, or performance specifications is needed if they are applied consistently.

NOTE: Executive Order 12770 requires use of metric units in procurement of supplies and services.

1-14 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS.

Photometric requirements in this UFC are based on standards established by the ICAO and FAA.