NFPA_70B.pdf

70B

NFPA

Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

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70B-1

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Copyright © 2015 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved.

NFPA®70B

Recommended Practice for

Electrical Equipment Maintenance

2016 Edition

This edition of NFPA 70B, Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Electrical Equipment Maintenance and released by the Correlating Committee on National Electrical Code®. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 14, 2015, with an effective date of December 4, 2015, and supersedes all previous editions.

This edition of NFPA 70B was approved as an American National Standard on December 4, 2015.

Origin and Development of NFPA 70B

The National Electrical Code Committee had received several requests to include maintenance recommendations in the National Electrical Code® (NEC®). The National Electrical Code Correlating Committee determined that the NEC was not the proper document in which to cover the maintenance of electrical equipment. However, the committee recognized that “lack-of-maintenance” frequently resulted in serious injuries and fatalities as well as high monetary damage.

An ad hoc committee on electrical equipment maintenance was authorized by NFPA in 1967 to determine the need for the development of a document on the subject. The document would give recommendations on the maintenance of various types of electrical installations, apparatus, and equipment usually found in industrial and large commercial-type installations.

The ad hoc committee noted that electrical safety information broke down logically into four main subdivisions: (1) design or product standards, (2) installation standards (the NEC and the National Electrical Safety Code®), (3) maintenance recommendations, and (4) use instructions. Work had not yet started on NFPA 70E®, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. In the interest of electrical safety, the committee explored whether something more needed to be done on the maintenance of electrical equipment.

Equipment manufacturers typically provide maintenance needs for specific types of equipment, and general maintenance guidance was available from a number of sources. Therefore, it was determined that compiling that information into a single document under the NFPA procedure in the form of general guidelines was advantageous. To this end, a tentative scope was presented to the NFPA Board of Directors with a recommendation that a committee on electrical equipment maintenance be authorized.

On June 27, 1968, NFPA authorized the establishment of the Committee on Electrical Equipment Maintenance with the following scope: “To develop suitable texts relating to preventive maintenance of electrical systems and equipment used in industrial-type applications with the view of reducing loss of life and property. The purpose is to correlate generally applicable procedures for preventive maintenance that have broad application to the more common classes of industrial electrical systems and equipment without duplicating or superseding instructions that manufacturers normally provide. Reports to the Association through the Correlating Committee of the National Electrical Code Committee.”

In 1973, NFPA 70B-T, Tentative Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, represented the cumulative effort of the committee. The chapters covered “Why an Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM) Program Pays Dividends,” “What Is an Effective Electrical Preventive Maintenance Program?,” and “Planning and Developing an Electrical Preventive Maintenance Program.” The document was revised in 1974 to include a chapter on the fundamentals of electrical equipment maintenance, general maintenance requirements for various types of equipment, and a new appendix, “How to Instruct.” The tentative recommended practice was adopted as NFPA 70B, Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, in 1975.

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE70B-2

2016 Edition

For the 1977 edition, titles of added chapters included Electronic Equipment, Ground-Fault Protection, Wiring Devices, and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment Subject to Long Intervals Between Shutdowns. New appendices addressed NEMA plug and receptacle configurations and guidelines for long-term maintenance.

In the 1983 edition, chapters on cable tray systems and on deenergizing and grounding of equipment to provide protection for maintenance personnel were added. An appendix covering equipment storage and maintenance during construction was also added.

The 1987 edition included distribution transformers as well as power transformers.

A chapter on uninterruptible power supply systems was added in the 1990 edition. The chapter Testing and Test Methods was amended by the addition of diagrams of different wave shapes for detecting problems in motors and generators using surge testing.

Three new chapters were added to the 1994 edition to cover power system studies, power quality, and vibration analysis pertaining to rotating machinery. The additions included a table on suggested vibration limits and a vibration severity chart for various-sized machines. Other revisions were made to comply with the NFPA Manual of Style.

For the 1998 edition, the chapter on power quality was rewritten and expanded. Maintenance techniques for stationary batteries and infrared inspections were updated and revised. Special handling and disposal considerations were introduced, and employee training was focused to emphasize workplace safety.

The 2002 edition was restructured to comply with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. The scope was revised to include preventive maintenance for electronic and communications equipment. A chapter added for grounding provided definitions, symptoms, inspection, testing techniques, and solutions to grounding issues. A new section for gas insulated substations addressed the maintenance issues resulting from regulatory changes in the electrical utility industry.

Charts were added for troubleshooting motor controllers, switchboards, and panelboards. The chapter on power quality was enhanced with information on the latest technology on voltage fluctuation. A new annex suggested maintenance intervals for electrical equipment.

The 2006 edition included a significant change concerning safety. Safety precautions and information in previous editions were dispersed throughout the individual equipment chapters. A new chapter on safety was written and placed up front to provide more complete and updated coverage, as well as to emphasize the importance of safety. Updated test forms, revised testing schedules, and maintenance of supervisory control and data acquisition systems were included. An important part of maintenance is having a properly installed system with baseline performance data, and so a chapter on commissioning the electrical system at a new facility was added. With the industry trend shifted from routine maintenance to reliability-centered maintenance (RCM), a chapter on how to apply RCM and an extensive annex with detailed reliability data on many types of electrical equipment also was added. Information was updated for equipment cleaning, disconnects, busways, vibration testing, lamps, power quality, and rework and recertification of equipment.

The most noticeable change made to the 2010 edition was the reorganization of the document chapters and annexes to group like topics and equipment into a more logical arrangement. Major topic and equipment groupings used in the reorganization included introduction, overview of EPM, electrical systems issues, testing and monitoring, switchgear, cables and wiring, static apparatus, rotating apparatus, and specific-purpose equipment. The annex material was also reorganized using three major groupings that were general information, forms and diagrams, and maintenance. In addition to the reorganization of the document, the chapter on testing and test methods centralized the majority of test procedures formerly located in the individual equipment chapters. The consolidated testing procedures were organized based on equipment type.

A section on emergency preparedness and electrical system and equipment restoration was added to Chapter 6 to respond to the concerns of electrical equipment owners and maintainers. Procedures for emergency shutdown and post-emergency procedures were added to Chapter 6 and related annex material. Chapter 6 also included new material covering outsourcing of electrical equipment maintenance. The requirements on personnel safety were revised to correlate with and directly reference NFPA 70E.

Other changes in 2010 included reorganized recommendations on maintaining SCADA systems, new material on data collection methods, new forms for conducting power quality surveys, and new information on failure mode effects and criticality analysis to support reliability centered maintenance. Significant material supporting reliability centered maintenance was added to Annex N.

In the 2013 edition, new definitions were added for arc flash hazard and arc flash hazard analysis, both extracted from the 2012 edition of NFPA 70E. Four new chapters were added: Chapter 32, Electrical Disaster Recovery; Chapter 33, Photovoltaic Systems; Chapter 34, Electrical Vehicle Charging Systems; and Chapter 35, Wind Power Electrical Systems and Associated Equipment. New sections addressed counterfeit components, devices, tools, and equipment arc-flash hazard analysis studies; a test or calibration decal system; inspection and testing records; efficiency of lamps and ballasts; and light emitting diode lamps.

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT 70B-3

Upgrades were made to Chapter 11 sections on acceptance tests, field testing of circuit breakers, and tests for batteries and cables. Information regarding luminaire grounding was added in Chapter 14. The Chapter 15 section on stationary batteries and battery chargers was revised. The visual inspection and electrical testing sections in Chapter 19 were revised.

For the 2016 edition, torque recommendations have been added, and battery testing and maintenance recommendations have been enhanced. Loose connections are a significant contributor to maintenance issues, and proper termination torque values assist in minimizing electrical issues associated with poor connections, such as overheating, intermittent open circuits, and electrical arcs. Revised battery tests provide greater detail regarding proper battery testing, and additional information addresses safety considerations for persons performing battery maintenance.

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE70B-4

Correlating Committee on National Electrical Code®

Michael J. Johnston, Chair National Electrical Contractors Association, MD [IM]

Kimberly L. Shea, Recording Secretary National Fire Protection Association, MA

Mark W. Earley, Administrative Secretary National Fire Protection Association, MA

James E. Brunssen, Telcordia, NJ [UT] Rep. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions

Merton Bunker, Jr., U.S. Dept of State, VA [U] William R. Drake, Power Products, LLC, CA [M] Palmer L. Hickman, Electrical Training Alliance, MD [L]

Rep. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers David L. Hittinger, Independent Electrical Contractors of Greater Cincinnati, OH [IM]

Rep. Independent Electrical Contractors, Inc.

Richard A. Holub, The DuPont Company, Inc., DE [U]

Rep American Chemistry Council

John R. Kovacik, UL LLC, IL [RT] Neil F. LaBrake, Jr., National Grid, NY [UT]

Rep. Electric Light & Power Group/EEI Richard P. Owen, Oakdale, MN [E]

Rep. International Association of Electrical Inspectors James F. Pierce, Intertek Testing Services, OR [RT] Vincent J. Saporita, Eaton’s Bussmann Business, MO [M]

Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Alternates

Lawrence S. Ayer, Biz Com Electric, Inc., OH [IM] (Alt. to David L. Hittinger)

James T. Dollard, Jr., IBEW Local Union 98, PA [L] (Alt. to Palmer L. Hickman)

Stanley J. Folz, Morse Electric Company, NV [IM] (Alt. to Michael J. Johnston)

Ernest J. Gallo, Telcordia Technologies (Ericsson), NJ [UT] (Alt. to James E. Brunssen)

Alan Manche, Schneider Electric, KY [M] (Alt. to William R. Drake)

Robert A. McCullough, Tuckerton, NJ [E] (Alt. to Richard P. Owen)

Mark C. Ode, UL LLC, AZ [RT] (Alt. to John R. Kovacik)

Christine T. Porter, Intertek Testing Services, WA [RT] (Alt. to James T. Pierce)

George A. Straniero, AFC Cable Systems, Inc. [M] (Alt. to Vincent J. Saporita)

Nonvoting

Timothy J. Pope, Canadian Standards Association, Canada [SE] Rep. CSA/Canadian Electrical Code Committee

D. Harold Ware, Libra Electric Company, OK [IM] (Member Emeritus)

Mark W. Earley, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.

Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on minimizing the risk of electricity as a source of electric shock and as a potential ignition source of fires and explosions. It shall also be responsible for text to minimize the propagation of fire and explosions due to electrical installations.

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 70B-5

Technical Committee on Electrical Equipment Maintenance

Kenneth J. Rempe, Chair Siemens Industry Inc., GA [M]

Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Richard Bingham, Dranetz-BMI, NJ [M] Thomas H. Bishop, Electrical Apparatus Service Association, MO

[IM]

Rep. Electrical Apparatus Service Association Brian Brecheisen, NLMK Indiana, IN [U]

Rep. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Adria Corbett, Chubb Group of Insurance Companies, NY [I] Timothy Crnko, Eaton’s Bussmann Business, MO [M] James B. Evans, Salisbury by Honeywell, OH [M] Dennis M. Green, Tony Demaria Electric, CA [IM] Ryan Grimes, Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc., KY [U] Jeffrey Hall, UL LLC, NC [RT] William R. Harris, General Motors Company, MI [U] Palmer L. Hickman, Electrical Training Alliance, MD [L]

Rep. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

Mark C. Horne, Georgia Power Company, GA [U] Rep. Electric Light & Power Group/EEI

David Huffman, Power Systems Testing Company, CA [IM] Rep. InterNational Electrical Testing Association

Darrel Johnson, City of Jacksonville, NC [E] Alan Manche, Schneider Electric, KY [M]

Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Ahmad A. Moshiri, Liebert Corporation, OH [M] Robert Neary, SEA Limited, MD [SE] Gregory Todd Orr, Eastman Chemical Company, TN [U]

Rep. American Chemistry Council John E. Staires, City of Tulsa, Oklahoma, OK [E] Robert Urdinola, U.S. Department of State, DC [U] James R. White, Shermco Industries, Inc., TX [IM]

Alternates

Scott Brady, Eaton Corporation, AZ [M] (Alt. to Timothy Crnko)

Aaron Butcher, SEA Limited, OH [SE] (Alt. to Robert Neary)

William P. Cantor, TPI Corporation, PA [U] (Alt. to Brian Brecheisen)

James B. Evans, Salisbury by Honeywell, OH [M] (Voting Alt. to Honeywell Rep.)

Leonard Fiume, National Grid, NY [U] (Alt. to Mark C. Horne)

David Goodrich, Liebert Corporation, OH [M] (Alt. to Ahmad A. Moshiri)

Charles L. Kaufman, Miller Electric Manufacturing Company, WI [M]

(Alt. to Kenneth J. Rempe) Christopher E. Kelly, JATC for Nassau & Suffolk Counties, NY [L]

(Alt. to Palmer L. Hickman) Erik G. Olsen, Chubb Group of Insurance Companies, NJ [I]

(Alt. to Adria Corbett) Ron Widup, Shermco Industries, TX [IM]

(Alt. to James R. White)

Nonvoting

Albert J. Reed, Macungie, PA (Member Emeritus)

Christopher Coache, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.

Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have the primary responsibility for documents relating to preventive maintenance of electrical, electronic, and communications systems and equipment used in industrial and commercial type applications with the view of: (1) reducing loss of life and property, and (2) improving reliability, performance, and efficiency in a cost-effective manner. The purpose is to provide generally applicable procedures for preventive maintenance that have broad application to the more common classes of industrial and commercial systems and equipment without duplicating or superseding instructions that manufacturers normally provide. This Committee shall report to Correlating Committee of the National Electrical Code.

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE70B-6

Contents

Chapter 1 Administration ........................................... 70B– 9

1.1 Scope. ................................................................... 70B– 9

1.2 Purpose. ............................................................... 70B– 9

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ........................... 70B– 9

2.1 General. ................................................................ 70B– 9

2.2 NFPA Publications. .............................................. 70B– 9

2.3 Other Publications. ............................................. 70B– 9

2.4 References for Extracts in Recommendations

Sections. .............................................................. 70B– 12

Chapter 3 Definitions ................................................... 70B– 12

3.1 General. ................................................................ 70B– 12

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. .................................. 70B– 12

3.3 General Definitions. ............................................ 70B– 12

Chapter 4 Why an Effective Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM) Program Pays Dividends ..................................................... 70B– 16

4.1 Why EPM? ............................................................ 70B– 16

4.2 Value and Benefits of a Properly Administered

EPM Program. ...................................................... 70B– 16

4.3 EPM and Energy Conservation. .......................... 70B– 17

4.4 Case Histories. ..................................................... 70B– 17

Chapter 5 What Is an Effective Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM) Program? ................... 70B– 17

5.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 17

5.2 Essential Elements of an EPM Program. ............ 70B– 17

5.3 Planning an EPM Program. ................................ 70B– 17

5.4 Personnel. ............................................................ 70B– 17

5.5 Survey and Analysis. ............................................ 70B– 17

5.6 Programmed Inspections. ................................... 70B– 17

Chapter 6 Planning and Developing an Electrical Preventive Maintenance (EPM) Program .. 70B– 18

6.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 18

6.2 Survey of Electrical Installation. ......................... 70B– 19

6.3 Identification of Critical Equipment. ................. 70B– 21

6.4 Establishment of a Systematic Program. ............ 70B– 22

6.5 Methods and Procedures. ................................... 70B– 24

6.6 Maintenance of Imported Electrical

Equipment. .......................................................... 70B– 25

6.7 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment for Use

in Hazardous (Classified) Locations. ................. 70B– 26

6.8 Outsourcing of Electrical Equipment

Maintenance. ...................................................... 70B– 26

6.9 Emergency Preparedness and Electrical System

and Equipment Restoration (EPnSR). ............... 70B– 26

6.10 Counterfeit Components, Devices, Tools, and

Equipment. ......................................................... 70B– 26

Chapter 7 Personnel Safety ........................................ 70B– 26

7.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 26

7.2 Grounding of Equipment to Provide

Protection for Electrical Maintenance Personnel. ........................................................... 70B– 27

Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Electrical Equipment Maintenance ................................................ 70B– 30

8.1 Design to Accommodate Maintenance. ............. 70B– 30

8.2 Scheduling Maintenance. ................................... 70B– 30

8.3 Equipment Safety. ................................................ 70B– 30

8.4 Protective Scheme. .............................................. 70B– 31

8.5 Acceptance Testing. ............................................. 70B– 31

8.6 Guidelines and Impact of Additions/Rework to

Retrofitting Equipment. ...................................... 70B– 31

8.7 Equipment Cleaning. .......................................... 70B– 31

8.8 Special Handling and Disposal Considerations. 70B– 32

8.9 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

(SCADA) Systems. .............................................. 70B– 33

8.10 Lubrication. ......................................................... 70B– 33

8.11 Threaded Connections and Terminations. ........ 70B– 33

Chapter 9 System Studies ............................................. 70B– 34

9.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 34

9.2 Short-Circuit Studies. .......................................... 70B– 34

9.3 Coordination Studies. ......................................... 70B– 34

9.4 Load-Flow Studies. ............................................... 70B– 35

9.5 Reliability Studies. ............................................... 70B– 36

9.6 Risk Assessment Studies. .................................... 70B– 36

Chapter 10 Power Quality .............................................. 70B– 37

10.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 37

10.2 Harmonics. ........................................................... 70B– 38

10.3 Transients (Surges). ............................................ 70B– 41

10.4 Voltage Sags and Swells. ...................................... 70B– 42

10.5 Long-Duration Undervoltages and Sustained

Voltage Interruptions. ......................................... 70B– 44

10.6 Unbalanced Voltages and Single Phasing. ......... 70B– 45

10.7 Symptoms — Grounding. ................................... 70B– 46

10.8 Noise in Electrical and Electronic Systems. ....... 70B– 47

10.9 Interharmonics. ................................................... 70B– 47

10.10 Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker. ........................ 70B– 48

10.11 Power Quality Audit. .......................................... 70B– 48

10.12 Power Quality References. .................................. 70B– 49

Chapter 11 Testing and Test Methods .......................... 70B– 49

11.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 49

11.2 Acceptance Tests and Maintenance Tests. ......... 70B– 49

11.3 As-Found and As-Left Tests. ................................ 70B– 50

11.4 Frequency of Tests. .............................................. 70B– 50

11.5 Special Precautions and Safety. ........................... 70B– 50

11.6 Qualifications of Test Operators. ........................ 70B– 50

11.7 Test Equipment. ................................................... 70B– 50

11.8 Forms. ................................................................... 70B– 50

11.9 Insulation Testing. ............................................... 70B– 51

11.10 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers. ............................ 70B– 53

11.11 Transformer Tests. .............................................. 70B– 56

11.12 Protective Relays. ................................................ 70B– 57

11.13 Grounding Systems. ............................................. 70B– 58

11.14 Battery Testing. .................................................... 70B– 59

11.15 Switches. ............................................................... 70B– 60

11.16 Medium and High Voltage Circuit Breakers. ... 70B– 61

11.17 Infrared Inspection. ............................................ 70B– 65

11.18 Fuses. ................................................................... 70B– 66

11.19 Insulating-Liquid Analysis. ................................. 70B– 67

11.20 Rotating Machine Testing. .................................. 70B– 70

11.21 Cables. ................................................................. 70B– 72

11.22 Adjustable-Speed Drive Testing. ......................... 70B– 74

11.23 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies. .......... 70B– 74

11.24 Surge Arresters. .................................................. 70B– 75

11.25 Power Factor Correction Capacitors. ................ 70B– 76

11.26 Emergency Systems. ........................................... 70B– 76

11.27 Test or Calibration Decal System. ....................... 70B– 76

Chapter 12 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment Subject to Long Intervals Between Shutdowns ................................................... 70B– 77

12.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 77

12.2 General Aspects of Maintaining Medium- and

Low-Voltage Distribution Systems. ...................... 70B– 77

12.3 Utilization. ........................................................... 70B– 78

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

CONTENTS 70B-7

12.4 Process Instrumentation and Control. ............... 70B– 82

Chapter 13 Ground-Fault Protection ............................ 70B– 84

13.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 84

13.2 Ground-Fault Protective Equipment for

Excessive Leakage Currents. ............................... 70B– 84

13.3 Ground-Fault Protective Equipment to Prevent

Damage. ............................................................... 70B– 85

Chapter 14 Grounding ................................................... 70B– 86

14.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 86

14.2 Symptoms and Causes of Inadequate

Grounding. .......................................................... 70B– 86

14.3 Grounding System Inspection, Testing, and

Monitoring. .......................................................... 70B– 86

14.4 Solutions to Inadequate Grounding. ................. 70B– 87

Chapter 15 Substations and Switchgear Assemblies ..... 70B– 87

15.1 Substations. .......................................................... 70B– 87

15.2 Switchgear Assemblies. ........................................ 70B– 88

15.3 Circuit Interrupters. ............................................ 70B– 91

15.4 Air Circuit Breakers. ............................................ 70B– 91

15.5 Vacuum Circuit Breakers. ................................... 70B– 93

15.6 Oil Circuit Breakers. ............................................ 70B– 93

15.7 Interrupter Switches. ........................................... 70B– 94

15.8 Gas-Insulated Substations and Gas-Insulated

Equipment. .......................................................... 70B– 94

15.9 Auxiliary Equipment. .......................................... 70B– 95

15.10 Torque Tables. ..................................................... 70B– 100

Chapter 16 Motor Control Equipment .......................... 70B– 100

16.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 100

16.2 Components and Maintenance of Motor

Controls. ............................................................... 70B– 101

16.3 Enclosures. ........................................................... 70B– 101

16.4 Bus Bar, Wiring, and Terminal Connections. .... 70B– 101

16.5 Disconnects. ......................................................... 70B– 103

16.6 Molded Case Breakers. ........................................ 70B– 105

16.7 Fuses. .................................................................... 70B– 105

16.8 Contactors. ........................................................... 70B– 105

16.9 Motor Overload Relays — Thermal Types. ........ 70B– 105

16.10 Pilot and Miscellaneous Control Devices. .......... 70B– 105

16.11 Interlocks. ............................................................ 70B– 105

Chapter 17 Insulated-Case/Molded-Case Circuit- Breakers ...................................................... 70B– 106

17.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 106

17.2 Application Considerations. ............................... 70B– 106

17.3 Phase-Fault Current Conditions. ........................ 70B– 106

17.4 Ground-Fault Tripping. ....................................... 70B– 106

17.5 Types of Insulated-Case/Molded-Case Circuit

Breakers. ............................................................... 70B– 106

17.6 Special-Purpose Breakers. ................................... 70B– 106

17.7 Types of Maintenance. ........................................ 70B– 106

17.8 Inspection and Cleaning. .................................... 70B– 107

17.9 Loose Connections. ............................................. 70B– 107

17.10 Mechanical Mechanism Exercise. ...................... 70B– 107

17.11 Electrical Testing. ................................................ 70B– 107

Chapter 18 Fuses ............................................................ 70B– 107

18.1 Fuses Rated 1000 Volts or Less. ........................... 70B– 107

18.2 Fuses Rated over 1000 Volts. ............................... 70B– 108

Chapter 19 Power Cables ............................................... 70B– 108

19.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 108

19.2 Visual and Mechanical Inspection. ..................... 70B– 108

19.3 Aerial Installations. .............................................. 70B– 108

19.4 Raceway Installations. .......................................... 70B– 109

19.5 Electrical Testing. ................................................ 70B– 109

19.6 Inspection and Testing Records. ........................ 70B– 109

Chapter 20 Cable Tray and Busway ............................... 70B– 109

20.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 109

20.2 Cable. .................................................................... 70B– 109

20.3 Cable Tray. ............................................................ 70B– 109

20.4 Low-Voltage (600-Volt) Busway. .......................... 70B– 109

Chapter 21 Power and Distribution Transformers ...... 70B– 110

21.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 110

21.2 Liquid-Filled Transformers. ................................ 70B– 110

21.3 Dry-Type Transformers. ....................................... 70B– 112

Chapter 22 Electronic Equipment ................................. 70B– 113

22.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 113

22.2 Reasons for Maintenance. ................................... 70B– 113

22.3 Special Precautions. ............................................ 70B– 113

22.4 Preventive Maintenance Operations. ................. 70B– 113

Chapter 23 Lighting ........................................................ 70B– 114

23.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 114

23.2 Cleaning. .............................................................. 70B– 114

23.3 Relamping. ........................................................... 70B– 114

23.4 Voltage. ................................................................. 70B– 114

23.5 Lamps and Ballasts. ............................................. 70B– 115

23.6 Disposal. ............................................................... 70B– 116

Chapter 24 Wiring Devices ............................................ 70B– 116

24.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 116

24.2 Connector and Receptacle. ................................. 70B– 116

24.3 Receptacles. .......................................................... 70B– 117

24.4 Adapters. .............................................................. 70B– 117

24.5 General-Use Snap Switches. ................................ 70B– 117

24.6 Cover Plates. ......................................................... 70B– 117

24.7 Boxes. ................................................................... 70B– 117

24.8 Pin and Sleeve Devices. ....................................... 70B– 117

Chapter 25 Rotating Equipment .................................... 70B– 118

25.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 118

25.2 Safety Precautions. ............................................... 70B– 118

25.3 Stator and Rotor Windings. ................................ 70B– 118

25.4 Brushes, Collector Rings, and Commutators. .... 70B– 119

25.5 Bearings and Lubrication. .................................. 70B– 119

25.6 Cleaning and Drying Insulation Structures. ...... 70B– 120

25.7 General Overhaul. ............................................... 70B– 120

25.8 Records. ................................................................ 70B– 120

25.9 Testing. ................................................................. 70B– 120

25.10 Energy Efficiency of Motors. ............................... 70B– 120

Chapter 26 Vibration ...................................................... 70B– 120

26.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 120

26.2 Machine Vibration. .............................................. 70B– 120

26.3 Types of Instruments. .......................................... 70B– 121

26.4 Resonance. ........................................................... 70B– 121

26.5 Methods of Balance. ............................................ 70B– 121

26.6 Assembly and Installation Guidelines. ............... 70B– 121

26.7 Baseline Data. ...................................................... 70B– 121

26.8 Noise. .................................................................... 70B– 121

Chapter 27 Hazardous (Classified) Location Electrical Equipment ................................................... 70B– 122

27.1 Types of Equipment. ........................................... 70B– 122

27.2 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment for Use

in Hazardous (Classified) Locations. ................. 70B– 122

Chapter 28 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems ........................................................ 70B– 123

28.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 123

28.2 Types of UPS Systems. ......................................... 70B– 123

Copyright 2016 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on April 5, 2016 to Dept Of Homeland Security. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA. For inquiries or to report unauthorized use, contact licensing@nfpa.org. This NFCSS All Access subscription expires on November 29, 2016.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE70B-8

28.3 UPS System Maintenance Procedures —

General. ................................................................ 70B– 123

28.4 UPS Testing. ......................................................... 70B– 125

28.5 System Tests. ......................................................... 70B– 125

Chapter 29 Portable Electrical Tools and Equipment . 70B– 126

29.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 126

29.2 Employee Training. ............................................. 70B– 126

29.3 Tool Maintenance. ............................................... 70B– 126

29.4 Cord and Attachment Plug Care. ....................... 70B– 126

29.5 Extension Cords. ................................................. 70B– 127

29.6 Major Overhauls. ................................................. 70B– 127

29.7 Leakage Current Testing. .................................... 70B– 127

Chapter 30 Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) 70B– 127

30.1 General. ................................................................ 70B– 127

30.2 Operations and Maintenance (O&M)

Documentation. .................................................. 70B– 128

30.3 Technical Support. ............................................. 70B– 128

30.4 Availability Metric. ............................................... 70B– 128

Chapter 31 EPM from Commissioning (Acceptance Testing) Through Maintenance ................. 70B– 128

31.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 70B– 128

31.2 Purpose. ............................................................... 70B– 128

31.3 Requirements. ...................................................... 70B– 128

31.4 Commissioning Planning Stages. ....................... 70B– 128

31.5 Developing of Functional Performance Tests

(FPTs). .................................................................. 70B– 128

31.6 Testing Implementation. .....................................