Attachment_4-_GRTE-Invasive-Plant-Priority-List.pdf

Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway

Invasive Vegetation Priority Lists, Infestations and Management Status

October 10, 2018

Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) and J.D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway (JODR) has developed an Invasive Vegetation Management Plan in order to help prevent the establishment and spread of terrestrial invasive plant species and to restore, as needed, native plant communities within the park and parkway. This Invasive Vegetation Management Plan provides a comprehensive approach toward invasive vegetation management to preserve, protect, and restore the diversity, ecological integrity, and processes associated with native plant communities. The purpose of this Invasive Vegetation

Management Plan is to implement a park-wide strategy to prevent the establishment, and control the spread, of terrestrial nonnative plant species and to provide a strategy to restore, as needed, native plant communities. The plan has three fundamental objectives:

1. Prevent the entry and establishment of new invasive plants as well as further infestations of invasive plants already present in the park and parkway.

2. Control existing populations of invasive plants, by either eradicating them, reducing their size and density or containing their spread.

3. Restore native plant communities disrupted or displaced by nonnative plant populations.

Grand Teton invasive vegetation management strategies are based on a developed Invasive Plant Priority

List. These procedures will be used to determine the most effective strategies for identifying invasive plant populations and controlling them through an Integrated Weed Management approach, using an array of treatments including mechanical, chemical, biological and/or cultural methods. A park strategy will be a flexible and adaptive process. Modifications could involve changes in control methods, the type and amount of herbicide used, and the timing of its application. This list will be updated and edited on a regular basis; plant species can be added or removed, or assigned to a different priority rating based on management efficacy or lack thereof, level of establishment, or reassessment of determined threat level.

Priority 1: Rare Infestation. No tolerance, with a goal of eradication upon detection. Plants in this category are found or were previously found in extremely low numbers in GRTE/JODR. They are considered to be highly invasive; pose the highest threat to ecosystem function and native plant communities, are known to render land unfit for wildlife and reduce recreational value. Early detection and rapid response along with education will be used with a goal of eradication of these species.

Strategy: Training of staff in EDRR techniques including survey, identification, and treatment methods;

education and outreach to prevent further introductions; regular communication with partner and cooperating agencies and monitoring of local and regional conditions; species in this category will be proactively managed to prevent establishment and to achieve the goal of eradication.

Common Name

Dyer’s woad

Meadow hawkweed

Orange hawkweed

Perennial pepperweed

Rush skeletonweed

Saltcedar

Scientific Name

Isatis tinctoria (L.)

Heiracium pretense

Heiracium aurantiacum

Lepidium latifolium (L.)

Chondrilla juncea

Tamarix spp.

Priority 2: Local Infestation. No tolerance, aggressive control on all known infestations. Plants in this category are found in low numbers in GRTE/JODR. They are considered to be highly invasive; pose a threat to ecosystem function and native plant communities, are known to render land unfit for wildlife and reduce recreational value. Containment and reduction of current infestations, early detection and rapid response of new infestations, along with education will be used to control, reduce numbers, and where possible, eradicate.

Strategy: Training of staff in EDRR techniques including survey, identification, and treatment methods;

education and outreach to prevent further spread; regular communication with partner and cooperating agencies and monitoring of local and regional conditions; species in this category will be actively managed, utilizing available techniques, in an effort towards eradication.

Common Name

Baby's breath

Common St. Johnswort

Cypress spurge

Leafy spurge

Myrtle spurge

Tall buttercup

Scientific Name

Gypsophila paniculata

Hypericum perforatum

Euphorbia cyparissias

Euphorbia esula

Euphorbia myrsinites

Ranuculus acris

Priority 3: Regional Infestation. No tolerance of further spread from their established locations, control and management of current infestations and aggressive control in areas otherwise free of these species. Plants in this category are established in large numbers in localized populations within

GRTE/JODR and neighboring areas. They are highly invasive; their further spread poses a significant threat to ecosystem function and non-infested native plant communities, they currently render land unfit for wildlife and reduce recreational value. Containment of current infestations with best management practices, stopping further spread through early detection and rapid response of known non-infested areas along with education will be used to maintain these weeds at their present level.

Strategy: Training of staff in BMPs and EDRR techniques including survey, identification, and treatment methods; education and outreach to prevent further spread; regular communication with partner and cooperating agencies and monitoring of local and regional conditions; species in this category will be actively managed, utilizing available techniques, to control infestations and limit further spread.

Common Name

Absinth wormwood

Black henbane

Cheatgrass

Common burdock

Common tansy

Dalmation toadflax

Dame’s rocket

Field bindweed

Hoary cress (whitetop)

Oxeye daisy

Spotted knapweed

Sulfur cinquefoil

Yellow toadflax

Scientific Name

Artemisia absinthium

Hyposcyamus niger

Bromus tectorum

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.

Tanacetum vulgare

Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.

Hesperis matronalis

Convolvulus arvensis

Cardaria draba and C. pubescens (L.) Desv.

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (L.)

Centaurea maculosa Lam.

Pontentilla recta

Linaria vulgaris (L.)

Priority 4: Widespread infestation. No tolerance of further spread, control and management of current infestations. Plants in this category are established throughout GRTE/JODR and the greater

GYE in large number. They are highly invasive; their further spread poses a significant threat to non-infested native plant communities, they currently render land unfit for wildlife and reduce recreational value. Containment of current infestations with best management practices, stopping further spread through early detection and rapid response of known non-infested areas along with education will be used to maintain these species at their present level.

Strategy: Training of staff in BMPs including survey, identification, and treatment methods; education and outreach to prevent further spread; regular communication with partner and cooperating agencies and monitoring of local and regional conditions; species in this category will be managed on a site specific basis, utilizing available techniques, to control infestations and limit further spread as best possible.

Common Name

Bull thistle

Canada thistle

Common mullein

Hoary alyssum

Houndstongue

Musk thistle

Perennial sowthistle

Scentless chamomile

Scientific Name

Cirsium vulgare

Cirsium arvense

Verbascum thapsus

Berteroa incana

Cynoglossum officinale (L.)

Carduus nutans (L.)

Sonchus arvensis (L.)

Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz-Bip

Watchlist: Species not currently known in GRTE/JODR, but are found within Teton County, WY, neighboring counties, or states. These species are considered to be highly invasive and pose a significant threat to native ecosystems and wildlife habitat. Early detection and education will be used to address potential infestations. If detected, these species will be treated as Priority 1.

Strategy: Training of staff in EDRR techniques including survey, identification, and treatment methods;

education and outreach to prevent introduction; regular communication with partner and cooperating agencies and monitoring of local and regional conditions; if detected, Priority 1 strategies will be implemented.

* Designates species that are not currently found in GRTE but exist within Teton County, WY or nearby areas

** Designates Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS)

Common Name Scientific Name

Austrian field cress* Rorippa austriaca (Crants) Bess.

Bouncing bet Saponaria officinalis

Brazilian elodea Egeria densa

Common bugloss Anchusa officinalis

Common crupina Crupina vulgaris

Common reed Phragmites australis

Common teasel* Dipsacus fullonum

Costmary Tanacetum balsamita

Curley-leaf pondweed** Potamogeton crispus

Diffuse knapweed* Centaurea diffusa Lam.

Elongated mustard Brassica elongata

Eurasian watermilfoil** Myriophyllum spicatum

Field Scabious* Knautia arvense

Flowering rush Butomus umbellatus

Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata

Goatsrue Galega officinalis

Hydrilla** Hydrilla verticillata

Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica

Knotweed complex* Polygonum spp

Meadow knapweed* Centaurea pratensis

Mediterranean sage Salvia aethiopis

Medusahead* Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Moth mullein* Verbascum blattaria

Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri

Parrot feather milfoil** Myriophyllum aquaticum

Plumeless thistle* Carduus acanthoides (L.)

Poison hemlock* Conium maculatum

Policeman's helmet Impatiens glandulifera

Puncturvine* Tribulus terrestris

Purple loosestrife* Lythrum salicaria (L.)

Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa

Quackgrass* Elymus repens (L.) Gould

Russian knapweed* Centaurea repens (L.)

Russian olive* Elaeagnus angustifolia

Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius

Scotch thistle* Onopordum acanthium (L.)

Squarrose knapweed* Centaurea cirgata

Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea

Ventenata* Ventenata dubia

Viper's bugloss Echium vulgare

Water chestnut** Eleocharis dulcis

Water hyacinth** Eichhornia crassipes

Water lettuce** Pistia stratiotes

Yellow chamomile* Anthemis tinctoria

Yellow flag iris** Iris pseudocorus

Yellow starthistle* Centaurea solstitialis

Additional Species of Concern: Nonnative plant species found in GRTE that are typically not controlled due to being highly established and ubiquitous throughout the park, county, and GYE. These species may be managed on a site specific/selective basis and may be designated a higher priority as determined necessary. This category is not intended to represent all nonnative species in GRTE.

Common Name

Alfalfa

Black medic

Blue vervain

Bulbous bluegrass

White campion

Chicory

Common dandelion

Crested wheatgrass

Curly dock

Desert alyssum

Foxtail barley

Intermediate wheatgrass

Japanese brome

Kentucky bluegrass

Orchard grass

Prostrate vervain

Smooth brome

Skeleton leaf bursage

Timothy-grass

Western salsify

Yellow sweetclover

Scientific Name

Medicago sativa var. sativa

Medicago lupulina (L.)

Verbena hastata

Poa bulbosa (L.)

Silene latifolia Poir

Cichorium intybus

Taraxacum officinale

Agropyron cristatum

Rumex crispus (L.)

Alyssum desertorum Stapf

Hordeum jubatum

Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Melderis

Bromus japonicus Thunb. Ex Murray

Poa pretensis

Dactylis glomerata (L.)

Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr.

Bromus inermis Leyss.

Franseria discolor Nutt.

Phleum pratense

Tragopogon dubius

Melilotus officinalis