Attachment 4-Engineer Manual 385-1-1.pdf

SUMMARY of CHANGE

EM 385-1-1

Safety and Occupational Health Requirements

This major revision, dated 15 March 2024 —

Changes the title from “Safety and Health Requirements Manual” to “Safety and Occupational Health Requirements”.

Incorporates a new U.S. Corps of Engineers Safety and Occupational Health Management System (CE-SOHMS).

Eliminates the term Government Designated Authority (GDA) within this manual.

Streamlines document to reduce redundancies and eliminate unsubstantiated requirements.

Adds new requirements for Site Safety and Health Officers.

Adds requirements for fire prevention and protection associated with fire watches.

Adds requirements for vehicles, machinery, and mechanized equipment associated with defensive driving.

Adds requirements for loading handling equipment medical evaluation.

Adds requirements for blasting associated with the Blaster-in-Charge and explosive site safety plan.

Adds requirements for sanitation associated with food service training and extermination plan.

Adds new requirements for uncrewed aircraft.

Incorporates requirements for the Army Electrical and Hazardous Energy Control (HEC) Safety Program.

*This manual supersedes EM 385-1-1, dated 30 November 2014.

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 1

UNCLASSIFIED

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 385-1-1

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

CESO Washington, D.C. 20314-1000

Manual No. 385-1-1 15 March 2024

Safety

SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (SOH) REQUIREMENTS

1. Purpose. This Engineering Manual establishes workplace standards to ensure that employees are protected from hazards that compromise their occupational safety and occupational health.

2. Applicability. This manual applies to Headquarters, US Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE) elements, major subordinate commands, districts, centers, laboratories, and field operating activities (FOA), as well as USACE contracts and those administered on behalf of USACE. Applicability extends to occupational exposure for missions under the command of the Chief of Engineers, whether accomplished by military, civilian, direct contractors, or contractor personnel performing activities at a USACE site of work.

3. Distribution Statement. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

4. References.

Note. In addition to paragraphs a-h below, each chapter will feature its own dedicated reference list.

a. AR 40-5, Army Public Health Program (https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/AR.aspx)

b. AR 385-10, Army Safety Program (https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/AR.aspx)

c. DoDI 6055.1, DOD Safety and Occupational Health Program (https://www.esd.whs.mil/Directives/issuances/dodi/)

d. ES 16009, Corps of Engineers Safety and Occupational Health Management

System (https://team.usace.army.mil/sites/HQ/SO/Pages/CESOHMS.aspx)

e. Executive Order 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal

Employees, 26 Feb 1980 (https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12196.html) g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 2

f. Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Clause 52.236-13, Accident Prevention (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2020-title48-vol2/pdf/CFR-2020-title48-vol2-chap1-subchapH.pdf)

g. 29 CFR 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry (https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr)

h. 29 CFR 1926, Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Construction (https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr)

i. 29 CFR 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employees, OSHA (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2020-title29-vol9/pdf/CFR-2020-title29-vol9-part1960.pdf)

5. General.

a. The implementation of this manual is designed to supplement the Safety and Occupational Health requirements as prescribed in paragraph 4 of this preamble. In addition to complying with the requirements included in this manual, follow all applicable federal, host nation, state, and local laws, ordinances, criteria, rules, and regulations.

Where the requirements of this manual, applicable laws, criteria, ordinances, regulations vary, the most stringent requirements govern. Deviations from USACE publications require waiver approval from the applicable HQUSACE proponent (see chapters 1 and 2).

b. Mission applicability introduced in paragraph 2 above must include the following:

(1) Construction contract work under the provisions of FAR Clause 52.236-13.

Contractors must comply with the latest version of this manual (including interim changes) that is in effect on the date of solicitation. Prior to making an offer, bidders should check the HQUSACE Safety and Occupational Health website (see paragraph c) for the latest changes. No separate payment will be made for compliance with this paragraph or for compliance with other safety and health requirements of this contract.

Note. Existing contracts will continue to apply the provisions of the previous edition of this manual until contract completion.

(2) Maintenance, service, research/development, and supply must comply with this manual. Compliance with this manual will be a contract requirement for all activities unless technical representatives (in coordination with local Safety and Occupational Health Office) advise that special precautions are not appropriate due to extremely limited scope of services or similar.

g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 3

(3) Contracting actions for hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste site investigation, design, or remediation activities. Compliance with this manual will be a contract requirement.

c. Changes.

(1) All interim and permanent changes made to this manual after its publication date will be posted on the official publications HQ USACE website:

https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/.

(2) The use of underlining in this manual indicates new or changed text from the EM 385-1-1 2014 edition.

d. Citation Instructions. This manual uses citations to allow the user to quickly navigate each chapter and paragraphs. The citations start with the chapter number, then paragraph number, followed by a letter corresponding to the sub-paragraph. For example, 10-3.b means chapter 10, paragraph 3, first subparagraph b.

e. Activities performed outside the continental United States (OCONUS). Some of the technical requirements of this manual may not be applicable to overseas activities due to conflicting circumstances, practices, and laws or regulations of the locality or the unavailability of equipment. In such instances, means other than the ones specified in this manual may be used to achieve the required protection. In such instances, a hazard analysis must be developed to document that the required protection will be achieved by the alternate means.

f. Unless otherwise indicated, when publications are referenced in this manual, the most recent edition is to be used.

g. Interpretations, Variance, and Waivers can only be authorized by the Chief of Safety and Occupational Health, HQUSACE. Refer to chapters 1 and 2 for applicable processes.

h. Supplementations can only be authorized by the Chief of Safety and Occupational Health, HQUSACE.

(1) Local USACE organizations may develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to implement the provisions contained within this manual, but may not implement new requirements (for example, more stringent, differing intent, etc.) without the specific approval of HQUSACE.

(2) Locally developed Safety and Health Requirements will not be included in contract requirements without the approval of HQUSACE.

i. USACE has transitioned to a performance-based safety management system known as CE-SOHMS (Corps of Engineers Safety and Occupational Health g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 4

Management System). CE-SOHMS enhances the agency’s safety culture based on employee involvement at every level of the organization, while also providing for continued process improvement. USACE contractors are highly encouraged to implement a safety management system of their own but is not mandatory. Refer to ES 16009 for current USACE guidance.

6. Records Management (recordkeeping) requirements. The records management requirement for all record numbers, associated forms, and reports required by this regulation are addressed in the Army Records Retention Schedule – Army (RRS-A).

Detailed information for all related record numbers is located in the Army Records Information Management System (ARIMS)/RRS-A at https://www.arims.army.mil. If any record numbers, forms, and reports are not current, addressed, and/or published correctly in ARIMS/RRS-A, see Department of the Army (DA) Pamphlet 25-403, Guide to Recordkeeping in the Army, for guidance.

FOR THE COMMANDER:

JAMES J. HANDURA

COL, EN

Chief of Staff

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 5

Contents (Listed by chapter and page number)

Preamble

Chapter 1 Safety and Occupational Health Program Management for United States Army Corps of Engineers Personnel, page 10

Chapter 2 Safety and Occupational Health Program Management for Contractors, page 36

Chapter 3 Medical and First Aid, page 61

Chapter 4 Temporary Facilities, page 72

Chapter 5 Personal Protective and Lifesaving Equipment, page 77

Chapter 6 Hazardous or Toxic Agents and Environments, page 120

Chapter 7 Lighting, page 152

Chapter 8 Accident Prevention Signs, Tags, Labels, Signals, and Traffic Control, page 156

Chapter 9 Fire Prevention and Protection, page 163

Chapter 10 Welding and Cutting, page 186

Chapter 11 Electrical, page 199

Chapter 12 Control of Hazardous Energy, page 249

Chapter 13 Hand and Power Tools, page 266

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 6

Contents-Continued

Chapter 14 Material Handling, Storage, Disposal, and Conveyors, page 276

Chapter 15 Rigging, page 302

Chapter 16 Load Handling Equipment, page 310

Chapter 17 Demolition, Renovation, and Re-Occupancy, page 366

Chapter 18 Vehicles, Machinery, and Mechanized Equipment, page 376

Chapter 19 Floating Plant and Marine Activities, page 404

Chapter 20 Pressurized Equipment and Systems, page 437

Chapter 21 Fall Protection, page 449

Chapter 22 Working Platforms and Scaffolding, page 484

Chapter 23 Rope Access, page 527

Chapter 24 Safe Access, page 534

Chapter 25 Excavation and Trenching, page 546

Chapter 26 Underground Construction, Shafts, and Caissons, page 563

Chapter 27 Concrete, Masonry, Roofing, and Wood Construction, page 581

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 7

Chapter 28 Steel Erection, page 594

Chapter 29 Blasting, page 614

Chapter 30 Diving Operations, page 636

Chapter 31 Tree Maintenance and Removal, page 669

Chapter 32 Airfield and Aircraft Operations, page 683

Chapter 33 Uncrewed Aircraft, page 688

Chapter 34 Confined Space, page 697

Chapter 35 Sanitation, page 714

Chapter 36 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, page 726

Chapter 37 Emergency Operations, page 741

Table List

Table 1–1: USACE Risk Acceptance Matrix, page 35 Table 2–1: Accident Reporting Required Timeline, page 61 Table 3–1: Requirements for Basic First Aid Unit Package, page 71 Table 5–1: Eye and Face Protector Section Guide, page 106 Table 5–2: Required Shades for Filter Lenses/Glasses in Welding Cutting, Brazing, and Soldering, page 113 Table 5–3: Settings for Noise Measuring Equipment, page 114 Table 5–4: Continuous Noise Exposures (ACGIH TLV), page 115 Table 5–5: Hand and Arm Protection, page 115 Table 5–6: Hand and Arm Protection Cut Resistance Levels, page 117 Table 5–7: Standards for Electrical Personal Protective Equipment, page 117 Table 5–8: Arc Flash Personal Protective Equipment, page 118

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 8

Table 6–1: Abrasive Blasting Media, Silica Substitutes, page 151 Table 7–1: Minimum Lighting Requirements, page 154 Table 9–1: Temporary Heating Device Clearances, page 184 Table 9–2: Fire Extinguisher Distribution, page 185 Table 11–1: Limited Approach Boundaries to Exposed Energized Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts (Alternating-Current Systems), page 245 Table 11–2: Limited Approach Boundaries to Exposed Energized Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts (Direct-Current Systems), page 247 Table 11–3: Qualified Person Minimum Approach Distances, page 248 Table 11–4: Mechanical Equipment and Unqualified Persons Minimum Approach Distances from Overhead Lines and Equipment, page 249 Table 14–1: Maximum Allowable Size of Portable Container and Tanks for Flammable Liquids, page 301 Table 14–2: Outside Storage of LP-Gas Containers and Cylinders – Minimum Distances, Table 16–1: Minimum Clearance from Energized Overhead Electric Lines, page 365 Table 16–2: Minimum Clearance Distance from Energized Overhead Electric Lines While Traveling with No Load, page 365 Table 19–1: Fire Extinguisher Requirements for Launches/Motorboats, page 437 Table 22–1: Form Scaffolds – Minimum Design Criteria for Wooden Bracket Form Scaffolds, page 526 Table 22-2: Form Scaffolds – Minimum Design Criteria for Light-Duty Figure-Four Form Scaffolds, page 526 Table 22–3: Minimum Dimensions for Horse Scaffold Members, page 526 Table 25–1: Soil Classification, page 562 Table 25–2: Maximum Allowable Slopes by Soil Type, page 563 Table 28–1: Erection Bridging for Short Span Joists, page 612 Table 28–2: Erection Bridging for Long Span Joists, page 613 Table 30–1: Umbilical Markings, page 665 Table 30–2: Staffing Levels for SCUBA: Untethered, 0 to 100 feet, page 666 Table 30–3: Staffing Levels for SCUBA: Tethered with Communications, 0 to 100 feet, page 666 Table 30–4: Staffing Levels for Surface Supplied Air: 0 to 100 feet within No Decompression Limits, page 666 Table 30–5: Staffing Levels for Surface Supplied Air: 0 to 100 feet Requiring Decompression and All Surface Supplied Air: 101 to 190 feet, page 667 Table 30–6: Staffing Levels for Surface Supplied Mixed-Gas Diving, page 667 Table 30–7: Staffing Levels for Scientific Snorkeling: Untethered, 0 to 5 feet, page 668 Table 30–8: Staffing Levels for Scientific Snorkeling: Tethered, Greater than 5 feet, Table 35–1: Minimum Toilet Facilities (Other than Construction Sites), page 725 Table 35–2: Minimum Toilet Facilities (Construction Sites), page 725

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 9

Figure List Figure 5–1: Personal Floatation Devices, page 105 Figure 12–1: Application of Relevant Standards to Site-Specific Energy Control Plan, Figure 12–2: Hazard Isolation Procedure Example, page 265 Figure 15–1: Wire Rope Clip Spacing, page 309 Figure 15–2: Wire Rope Clip Orientation, page 310 Figure 19–1: Railing Type A, Two Tier Rigid Fall Protection Railing, page 434 Figure 19–2: Marine Railing Type B, page 435 Figure 19–3: Marine Railing Type C, page 436 Figure 21–1: Calculating Distance, page 483 Figure 21–2: Designated Area, page 484 Figure 25–1: Allowable Sloping Configuration for Type A, Type B, and Type C Soils, Figure 25–2: Allowable Benching and Sloping for Type A and Type B Soils, page 561 Figure 25–3: Excavations with Vertically Sided Lower Portions, page 562 Figure 28–1: Clip End Connection, page 609 Figure 28–2: Staggered (High/Low Connection), page 609 Figure 28–3: Controlling Risk for Double Connections in Steel Erection (Side View), Figure 28–4: Double Connection with Seat to Support First Section While Second

Section is Being Installed, page 610 Figure 28–5: Illustrations of OSHA Bridging Terminus Points, page 611 Figure 37–1: Blue-Roof Mission Fall Protection Chart, page 756

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 10

Chapter 1

Safety and Occupational Health Program Management for United States Army Corps of Engineers Personnel This chapter applies to all U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) elements, major subordinate commands, districts, centers, laboratories, and field operating activities.

This chapter provides the overall programmatic guidance for developing, managing, and implementing a Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) program. The requirements set forth in this chapter are the foundation for the USACE SOH program and must be carried through the additional chapters in this manual.

Note. The term Government Designated Authority (GDA) is no longer applicable within this manual. GDA has been replaced with the responsibility of the USACE supervisor.

1-1. References.

a. ANSI/ ASSP A10.33 Safety and Health Program Requirements for Multi- Employer Projects (https://webstore.ansi.org/) (1-1.a)

b. ANSI/ASSP Z490.1, Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health and Environmental Training (https://webstore.ansi.org/) (1-1.b)

c. AR 40-5, Army Public Health Program (https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/AR.aspx) (1-1.c)

d. AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/AR.aspx) (1-1.d)

e. DA Pam 385-10, Army Safety Program and Occupational Health Program Procedures (https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/PAM.aspx) (1-1.e)

f. DA Pam 385-40, Army Mishap Investigations and Reporting (https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/PAM.aspx) (1-1.f)

g. DoDI 6055.1, DoD Safety and Occupational Health Program (https://www.esd.whs.mil/Directives/issuances/dodi) (1-1.g)

h. DoDI 6055.07, Mishap Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping (https://www.esd.whs.mil/Directives/issuances/dodi) (1-1.h)

i. DoDI 6055.12, Hearing Conservation Program (https://www.esd.whs.mil/directives/issuances/dodi/) (1-1.i)

j. Executive Order 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees, February 26, 1980 (https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12196.html) (1-1.j)

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 11

k. EM 5-1-11, Management Project Deliver Business Process (https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Users/182/86/2486/EM%205-1- 11.pdf?ver=0OD9KZCW2k2Q7AlN8MX57A%3d%3d) (1-1.k)

l. EP 385-1-99, Implementation of Accident Investigation and Reporting (https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/USACE-Publications/Engineer-Pamphlets/) (1-1.l)

m. ER 385-1-99, USACE Accident Investigation and Reporting (https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/USACE-Publications/Engineer-Regulations/) (1-1.m)

n. ES 16009, Corps of Engineers Safety and Occupational Health Management System (https://team.usace.army.mil/sites/HQ/SO/Pages/CESOHMS.aspx) (1-1.n)

o. 5 CFR 293, Personnel Records (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR- 2020-title5-vol1/pdf/CFR-2020-title5-vol1-part293.pdf) (1-1.o)

p. 29 CFR 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2020-title29-vol5/pdf/CFR-2020-title29-vol5-part1904.pdf) (1-1.p)

q. 29 CFR 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards (https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr) (1-1.q)

r. 29 CFR 1926, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr) (1-1.r)

s. 29 CFR 1960, Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee Occupational Safety and Health Programs and Related Matters (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2020-title29-vol9/pdf/CFR-2020-title29-vol9-part1960.pdf) (1-1.s)

t. 46 CFR Subpart 4.05, Notice of Marine Casualty and Voyage Records (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2020-title46-vol1/pdf/CFR-2020-title46-vol1-part4-subpart4-05.pdf) (1-1.t)

u. 49 CFR 197.484, Notice of Casualty (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2002-title46-vol7/pdf/CFR-2002-title46-vol7-sec197-484.pdf) (1-1.u)

1-2. Definitions.

a. Accident. Any unplanned event or series of events that results in death, injury, or illness to personnel, or damage to or loss of equipment or property. Within the context of this manual, accident is synonymous with mishap. (1-2.a)

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 12

b. Collateral Duty Safety Officer (CDSO). A designated USACE employee who is trained to assist with the SOH program as a minor duty (that is, 20% or less of the time).

(1-2.b)

c. Competent Person (CP). One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. (1-2.c)

d. Contractor. Any individual or firm under contractual agreement with the government or its subunits for the performance of services and products, such as construction, maintenance, and hazardous waste activities, including all subcontractors.

(1-2.d)

e. Employee. A government person engaged in work for USACE (including military, interns, students, etc.). (1-2.e)

f. Facility. A permanent or temporary location that includes the following: building, structure, shed, tower, utility support system or utility conveyance system, swimming pool or other open concrete structure, whether above or below grade, or any other item that is designated by the supervisor as a facility. (1-2.f)

g. Hazard. Any actual or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death of personnel, damage to or loss of equipment or property, or contribute to mission degradation. (1-2.g)

h. Imminent Danger. Any conditions or practices in a place of employment which are such that a danger exists which could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be eliminated. (1-2.h)

i. Mishap. Within the context of this manual, mishap is synonymous with accident.

See definition for accident in paragraph 1-2.a. (1-2.i)

j. Near Miss. A potentially serious accident that could have resulted in personal injury, death, or property damage, damage to the environment, or illness but did not occur due to one or more factors. (1-2.j)

k. Project Manager (PM). An individual assigned to achieve the project objectives. The PM manages the scope, schedule, budget, and quality while leading a project delivery team (PDT). PMs may be assigned to any organizational or geographic element. (1-2.k)

l. Qualified Person (QP). An individual who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 13 and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. (1-2.l)

m. Quality Assurance Representative (QAR). A Government employee (for example, construction representative) that assures end product quality, by monitoring the contractor’s quality control (QC) activities and performing independent testing and/or inspections of contract work. (1-2.m)

n. Registered Professional Engineer (RPE). A person who has been duly and currently registered and who is licensed as a professional engineer by an authority (for example, state licensure board) within the United States or its territories to practice the profession of engineering. (1-2.n)

o. Residual Risk. The level of risk remaining after controls have been identified and countermeasures selected for hazards. Risks remaining after hazard mitigation measures have been applied. (1-2.o)

p. Risk Assessment Code (RAC). The conversion of the probability and severity of a given hazard into a specific risk level based on the residual risk. The levels of risk are extremely high (E), high (H), medium (M) and low (L). (1-2.p)

q. Risk Management. A business process that includes the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks, followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events to an acceptable level. (1-2.q)

r. Risk Matrix. A risk management tool that is used to determine the RAC for a specific work element and the overall RAC for the activity, task, or definable feature of work (DFOW). The risk matrix is used to evaluate the severity (that is, an approximate amount of potential harm, damage, or injury occurring) and probability (that is, likelihood of something happening) associated with a given accident, see paragraph 1-10.b.

Severity is categorized as catastrophic, critical, moderate, or negligible. Probability is categorized as frequent, likely, occasional, seldom, or unlikely. (1-2.r)

s. Visitor. Anyone who is not assigned to work at the work site, either permanently or temporarily, that comes to the work site for short-term action (for example, inspections, meetings, deliveries). (1-2.s)

1-3. Personnel Required Qualification/Training.

a. General Employee-Required Qualifications and Training. The requirements in this paragraph apply to all trainings and qualifications outlined in this manual. See paragraph 3 of each chapter for applicable training and qualification requirements.

(1-3.a)

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 14

(1) Supervisor must provide their employees all required SOH training as required by this manual, applicable federal, state, and local requirements.

(2) All SOH training must be conducted by QP or CP as required.

(3) Develop and deliver training according to ANSI Z490.1.

(4) Evaluate trainees to ensure they meet and understand the proposed objective(s).

(5) Document all training. Records must include the following:

(a) The date, location, and duration of the training.

(b) Name and description of the training.

(c) Name(s) of trainer(s).

(d) Training materials used.

(e) Name(s) of training participants.

(f) Evaluation of trainees to ensure they meet and understand the proposed objective(s). Document evaluation result of each participant (for example, pass, fail).

(6) Indoctrination Training. Provide and document employees and volunteers SOH indoctrination training based on the applicable SOH program, and federal, state, and local requirements prior to the start of work. The training must include the following:

(a) Corps of Engineers Safety and Occupational Health Management System (CE-SOHMS) awareness training.

(b) Requirements and responsibilities for accident prevention and the maintenance of safe and healthful work environments.

(c) General SOH policies and procedures and pertinent provisions of this manual.

(d) Employee and supervisor responsibilities for reporting all accidents and near misses.

(e) Provisions for medical facilities and emergency response and procedures for obtaining medical treatment or emergency assistance.

(f) Procedures for reporting and correcting hazards, unsafe conditions or practices.

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 15

(g) Job hazards and the means to control and eliminate those hazards, including applicable Position Hazard Analysis (PHA) and Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA) (see paras 1-6 and 1-8.c).

(7) Employees and volunteers that work around water must be provided basic water safety training to include the following:

(a) The “Reach, Throw, Row, Don’t Go” method.

(a-1) Reach. Hold on to the dock or your boat and reach your hand, a boat oar, a fishing pole, or whatever you have nearby, to the person.

(a-2) Throw. If you cannot reach far enough, toss things that float for the person to grab.

(a-3) Row. If you are in a boat, use the oars to move the boat closer to the person in the water, or call out to a nearby boat for help. Do not operate the boat’s motor close to a person in the water, they could be injured by the propeller.

(a-4) Don’t Go. Do not go into the water unless you are trained. Call out for help.

(b) Hazards associated with working around water (for example, temperature, depth, current).

(c) Hands-on training on how to use rescue equipment (for example, throw rings and bags) and personal protective equipment (PPE) (for example, personal flotation devices(PFD)) properly.

b. Collateral Duty Safety Officer (CDSO). CDSOs will be designated in writing on ENG Form 6283 (Collateral Duty Safety Officer Designation Letter) (see para 1-10.c) or equivalent and will have: (1-3.b)

(1) Initial SOH Training.

(a) All CDSOs must receive Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or Proponent-Sponsored Engineer Corps Training (PROSPECT) 30-hour general industry or construction safety training. OSHA 6005- Collateral Duty Course for Other Federal Agencies is also permitted. Training may be web-based if permitted by OSHA. In lieu of formal OSHA 30-hour or PROSPECT 30-hour, SOH training covering the subjects of the 30-hour course and this manual may be accepted by the local Safety and Occupational Health Office (SOHO). The local SOHO will evaluate the proposed equivalent training for applicability to the work being performed.

(b) CDSOs must receive training according to 29 CFR 1960.58. The local SOHO will determine the content and length of training required.

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 16

(2) Competency Training Requirements. After appointment, CDSOs must maintain competency by taking 24 hours of documented formal classroom or online SOH-related training every three years. The 24 hours can be multiple classes combined.

(3) Experience Requirements. CDSOs must have a minimum of three years of experience and have knowledge of the work being performed to identify hazards and implement controls.

Note. Supervisor, in coordination with the SOHO, may adjust the training and experience requirements.

c. Quality Assurance Representative (QAR). All QARs (for example, Construction Representative, Quality Assurance Officers, etc.,) should receive OSHA or PROSPECT 30-hour general industry or construction safety training. Training may be web-based training if permitted by OSHA. In addition, the local SOHO or their designated appointee must provide SOH awareness training commensurate with the hazards they may encounter during the performance of their duties. (1-3.c)

d. Supervisors. All USACE supervisors must receive SOH training within 12 months of hire to enable them to recognize and control safety and health hazards in their working units and manage the USACE SOH program. Refresher training will be provided every three years. Training must include the following: (1-3.d)

(1) Supervisory responsibility for providing and maintaining safe and healthful working conditions for employees.

(2) The USACE SOH program.

(3) Section 19 of the OSH Act.

(4) Executive Order 12196.

(5) SOH standards applicable to the assigned workplaces.

(6) Procedures for reporting hazards.

(7) Procedures for reporting and investigating allegations of reprisal.

(8) Procedures for the abatement of hazards.

(9) Procedures for reporting accidents and conducting investigations.

(10) Any other appropriate rules and regulations.

g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 17

1-4. Roles and Responsibilities.

a. General Employees. All employees are responsible for SOH program implementation in the workplace. Each employee is responsible for complying with applicable SOH requirements, wearing prescribed SOH equipment, reporting hazardous or unsafe conditions or activities, preventing avoidable accidents, and working in a safe manner and the following: (1-4.a)

(1) While on duty, employees must not use or be under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, intoxicants, or similar performance or mind-altering substances.

(2) Employees must report all hazards, accidents, and near misses immediately to their supervisor.

(3) Employees should be involved in the development of AHAs for the work activities they perform. Employees must review applicable AHAs before beginning work and adhere to the necessary requirements during the performance of such activities.

(4) While on/visiting a USACE site that is controlled by a contractor and a contractor-managed Accident Prevention Plan (APP) (for example, QARs on construction sites), USACE employees must comply with the contractor’s APP and associated SOH programs and requirements (for example, PPE, Fall Protection, Hazardous Energy Control (HEC), Diving, Blasting).

(5) All USACE employees, in coordination with their supervisor, must develop a PHA upon initial assignment to a position and review and revise it at least annually or when position duties or conditions change (see para 1-8.c).

b. Collateral Duty Safety Officer (CDSO). CDSOs are responsible for overseeing and ensuring implementation of the SOH program at their assigned work site(s) to include the following: (1-4.b)

(1) Ensure hazards identified in AHAs are appropriately addressed.

(2) Ensure employees are knowledgeable of potential task hazards and required controls to be used.

(3) Provide feedback to employees and supervisors on the work activities performed and potential ways to improve the safety of the activity.

(4) Seek support and information from the local SOHO if there is a reported safety concern or someone becomes injured or ill.

(5) Give assigned safety duties proper priority.

(6) Report safety-related matters directly to assigned supervisor.

g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 18

(7) Coordinate activities with the local SOHO.

c. Quality Assurance Representative (QAR). QARs are responsible for ensuring contract work is performed according to the contract and this manual (for example, APP, AHA). As part of their overall responsibility for ensuring contractor conformance and safety, the QAR must conduct daily SOH inspections and document any findings in their daily logs according to paragraph 1-5.b. (1-4.c)

d. Supervisors. Supervisors are ultimately responsible for SOH program implementation at their work sites and ensuring that all employees comply with the necessary requirements to include the following: (1-4.d)

(1) Ensure no person is required, instructed, or allowed to work in surroundings or under conditions that are unsafe or dangerous to their health.

(2) Designate CDSOs in writing, see non-mandatory ENG Form 6283, Collateral Duty Safety Officer Designation Letter) (see para 1-10.c).

(3) Verify site-specific SOH plans are created, signed, and implemented when required (see para 1-10.d).

(4) Remove employees from exposure to work hazards or the work site when they are observed acting in an unsafe manner, or otherwise pose a potential SOH threat to themselves or others. Employees may return to the work environment after appropriate supervisory action has occurred (for example, re-training on proper safe procedures, threat removed).

(5) Attend monthly meetings for all supervisors on the project work site. Conduct frequent meetings, at a minimum monthly, for all employees to discuss SOH issues.

(See para 1-8.f)

(6) Report all accidents and near misses to the SOHO according to ER and EP 385-1-99. No supervisor may decline to accept a report of an accident or near miss from a subordinate.

(7) Immediately notify the local SOHO of any OSHA or other regulatory inspections.

(8) Enforce the drug-free workplace requirements. Immediately notify security to employees found to be under the influence of or consuming such substances from the work site.

(9) Ensure that all employee-required SOH training is completed prior to work according to paragraph 3 of each chapter of this manual.

g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 19

(10) Ensure training in handling emergency situations that may arise from project activities or equipment operations is provided. All persons who may have an occasion to use emergency and rescue or lifesaving equipment must be familiarized with the equipment location, trained in its proper use, be instructed in its capabilities and limitations, and medically qualified for its use.

(11) Ensure the AHA process is implemented according to paragraph 1-6. Ensure all AHAs are developed by CPs for all activities as required by this manual. See paragraph 6 of each chapter of this manual.

(12) Ensure that all employees are physically and medically qualified to perform the duties they are assigned.

(13) Ensure visitors are escorted, properly protected, are wearing or provided the appropriate PPE, and receive a safety brief on the hazards to be expected on the site and the SOH controls required (see para 1-8.a).

(14) Ensure the PHA process is implemented according to paragraph 1-8.c, including that each employee has a PHA current with the job duties they perform and that they are reviewed and updated at least annually.

(15) Assist with the implementation of CE-SOHMS.

e. Competent Person (CP). (1-4.e)

(1) Develop AHAs for all activities as required by this manual (see para 1-6).

(2) Oversee work activities as required by this manual. When conditions arise that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

f. Qualified Person (QP). (1-4.f)

(1) Develop AHAs for all activities as required by this manual (see para 1-6).

(2) Provide guidance and perform work activities as required by this manual.

g. Command. Each USACE Command is responsible for establishing and maintaining a SOH program that complies with this manual and federal, state, and local requirements. Implement the CE-SOHMS according to ES 16009. (1-4.g)

h. Project Manager (PM)/Program Manager (PgM). The PM/PgM, in coordination with the local SOHO, is responsible for ensuring SOH integration into all aspects of work planning according to the USACE Project Deliver Business Process Manual and paragraph 1-7.a to include the following: (1-4.h)

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 20

(1) Ensure that a site-specific SOH Plan is developed for funded projects and incorporated into each Project Management Plan (PMP) or Program Management Plan (PgMP) and ensure that all requirements are executed throughout the life cycle of the project (see para 1-7.a).

(2) Coordinate all highly complex or high-hazard projects with the local SOHO.

(3) Collaborate with the customer and the local SOHO on project safety goals and objectives and communicate these through the PMP or PgMP SOH Plan and PDT meetings.

(4) Ensure that coordination between local SOHOs of the design district and the construction district, if applicable, occurs during the development of the PMP or PgMP.

(5) Ensure that identified hazards, control mechanisms, and risk acceptance are formally communicated to all project stakeholders.

(6) Ensure that the current UFGS 01 35 26, Governmental Safety Requirements in effect on the date of solicitation is used in all USACE contract work administered on behalf of the USACE under the provisions of FAR Clause 52.236-13 (that is, 48 CFR 52.236-13) and on other contracts as deemed appropriate based on the risk assessment.

(7) Coordinate with the local SOHO in determining SOH requirements (for example, limited scope or maintenance and service contracts based on the scope of work and associated hazards).

(8) Include FAR Clause 52.236-13 and the Request for Proposal in Military Construction contracts.

(9) Do not include locally developed SOH requirements in contract without the concurrence of the contracting officer (KO) and local SOHO.

(10) Do not include new contract requirements (for example, more stringent, differing intent, etc.) without the specific approval of HQUSACE.

i. Contracting Officer (KO). The KO/contracting officer representative (COR) is responsible for reviewing SOH documents (for example, APPs, AHAs) for compliance with the contract, this manual, and federal, state, and local requirements, as applicable, to include the following: (1-4.i)

(1) Ensure that all site-specific SOH documents (for example, APP, AHAs) are reviewed and accepted according to this manual. Coordinate with the local SOHO or their designated appointee for assistance.

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 21

(2) Ensure that all SOH documents, including changes, revisions, and updates are reviewed and accepted prior to the initiation of work.

(3) Immediately notify the local SOHO of any OSHA or other regulatory visits.

(4) Report all accidents to the local SOHO.

(5) When an employee is deemed to be in imminent danger, immediately stop the unsafe work being performed (see FAR Clause 52.236-13).

j. Safety and Occupational Health Office (SOHO). The SOHO is ultimately responsible for SOH program management, communication, and implementation within their area of responsibility to include the following: (1-4.j)

(1) Provide technical input for all SOH program requirements (for example, CE- SOHMS, SOH Plans, AHAs, PHAs) at the request of the employee or supervisor.

(2) Identify training requirements for employees based on assigned job duties and the nature of work performed. Work with leadership to ensure employees and supervisors are appropriately trained.

(3) Assist the supervisor with development of SOH Plan(s) and AHA(s) to ensure an adequate risk management process is implemented and the lowest acceptable residual risk is achieved.

(4) Assist PMs in determining safety contract requirements (for example, limited scope or maintenance and service contracts based on the scope of work and associated hazards).

(5) Assist and provide guidance to CDSOs as appropriate.

(6) Ensure Command investigates, reviews, analyzes, and reports accident and near miss information and any associated corrective actions needed or taken. Ensure all accident reports are accurate and complete prior to forwarding to upper commands.

(See para 1-8.d)

(7) Ensure that the supervisor reviewing and approving SOH documents (for example, SOH plan, AHA, PHA) are competent to do so and provide assistance when necessary.

(8) Ensure a USACE SOH Professional is onsite full time for all USACE activities with a high potential for injury or illness or a residual RAC on the AHA is coded as high or extremely high.

(9) Ensure annual workplace inspections are performed according to paragraph 1-5.c.

g2odvbt9 Highlight g2odvbt9

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 22

(10) OSHA inspections.

(a) Report all OSHA inspections within two duty days for the event to Division SOHO, Headquarters USACE Safety Office (HQUSACE-SO), and the U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center (USACRC).

(b) Report all OSHA Notices of Violations (NOV) within two business days of the NOV issuance to Division SOHO, HQUSACE-SO, and the USACRC.

(c) Submit recommendations for appeals within four duty days of the NOV issuance date to Division SOHO, and HQUSACE-SO.

(d) If HQUSACE-SO endorses the appeal, submit the endorsement and recommendations for appeals within five duty days of the NOV issuance date to the

USACRC.

(e) Report all abatements and abatement dates for all violations to the OSHA local office. Submit with a courtesy copy to the USACRC and HQUSACE-SO upon completion.

(11) Provide OSHA or other regulatory agency inspection documentation (for example, citations, reports) to division SOHO and HQUSACE-SO.

(12) Ensure accurate reports of accident and near miss data is entered into ENGLink according to ER and EP 385-1-99.

(13) Local USACE organizations may develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to implement the provisions contained within this manual, but may not implement new requirements (for example, more stringent, differing intent, etc.) without the specific approval of HQUSACE.

1-5. Inspection Requirements.

a. External Agency Inspections. Immediately notify the local SOHO of any OSHA or other regulatory agency inspection and provide the local SOHO an opportunity to accompany the inspector on the inspection. The inspection will not be delayed due to non-availability of the SOHO. (1-5.a)

(1) Provide the local SOHO with a copy of any citations or reports issued by the inspector and any corrective action responses to the citation(s) or report(s).

(2) The local SOHO will provide a copy of any citations or reports issued by the inspector and any corrective action responses to the citation(s) or report(s) to division and HQUSACE-SO.

g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 23

b. Quality Assurance Representative (QAR) Inspections. QAR personnel, as part of their QAR responsibilities, must conduct and document daily SOH inspections of the work sites, material, and equipment to ensure compliance with this manual. These inspections must be documented in the daily logs. (1-5.b)

c. USACE Annual Workplace Inspections. All USACE workplaces must be inspected at least annually according to Standard Army Safety and Occupational Health Inspection procedures (see DA PAM 385-10). All violations of standards identified must be entered on DA Form 4754 or equivalent. RAC 1 and RAC 2 safety deficiencies greater than 15 days old and health deficiencies greater than 30 days old must be recorded on DA Form 4753 or equivalent. (1-5.c)

d. CDSO Inspections. CDSO, as part of their SOH responsibilities, must conduct and document daily SOH inspections of the work sites, material, and equipment to ensure compliance with this manual. These inspections must be documented in the daily logs. (1-5.d)

e. Supervisor Inspections. Supervisors, as part of their SOH responsibilities, should conduct and document frequent SOH inspections (minimum of monthly) of the work sites, material, and equipment to ensure compliance with this manual. (1-5.e)

1-6. Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA) Requirements.

The requirements of this paragraph apply to all AHAs required by this manual. Specific AHA requirements are identified in paragraph 6 of each chapter in this manual.

a. Risk management is a business process that requires planning to ensure risk is reduced to an acceptable level prior to performing work activities. Risk management provides consistent and systematic identification and communication of risks, consequences, and potential actions to mitigate those risks. Unidentified and unmanaged hazards and their associated risks impede successful missions, undermine readiness, decrease morale, and deplete resources. A properly documented risk assessment serves as evidence that leadership decision-making was based on sound judgment and reasonable principles. Leadership and management at every level must exercise risk management. Risk management must be integrated into all phases of work to ensure risk decisions are made at the appropriate level, no unnecessary risk is taken, and the process is applied consciously. Effective risk management requires the following steps (see para 1-10.b): (1-6.a)

(1) Step 1. Identify all potential hazards associated with the task prior to work.

(2) Step 2. Assess identified hazards to determine probability and potential severity of occurrence (that is, risk).

(3) Step 3. Develop adequate controls to mitigate hazard and reduce probability and risk (see para 1-6.a).

g4so9es9 Highlight g4so9es9 Highlight g4so9es9 Highlight g4so9es9 Highlight g4so9es9 Highlight g2odvbt9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 24

(4) Step 4. Implement controls to ensure all workers know, understand, and implement required controls to reduce risk.

(5) Step 5. Continuously supervise and evaluate controls to ensure they are fully implemented, adequate, and effective at reducing risk. When needed, stop work to make corrections, modify, or add more controls, to ensure risk is managed.

Note. The USACE uses many tools to aid with risk management implementation. One of these tools is the AHA.

b. Hazard Mitigation. Analysis of hazards and implementation of control measures is a vital element to the risk management process and reducing the residual risk to an acceptable level. Use the following hierarchy of controls, listed from most effective to decreasing effectiveness, to identify control measures to be implemented to eliminate or control hazards to an acceptable level: (1-6.b)

Note. There may be some situations or activities when more than one control measure or level of controls may need to be implemented to adequately control the hazard(s) to an acceptable level.

(1) Elimination/Substitution. Elimination/substitution involves removing the hazard from the work area. This may be accomplished by modifying structures, changing work processes, or substituting equipment so that persons are not exposed to the hazard(s).

(2) Engineering Controls. Engineering controls isolate or separate the hazard(s) from the general work area and personnel exposure. A common engineering control is physical barriers that prevent contact/exposure to the hazard(s) (for example, guardrails, machine guards, containment).

(3) Administrative Controls. Administrative controls involve work practices or procedures to govern/control the way persons work so that hazardous situations or conditions can be avoided. A common example of an administrative control is training, in that persons are trained in proper procedures so that they do not subject themselves or others to hazards.

(4) PPE. PPE is equipment worn or used by persons performing work with hazards to minimize the effects of exposure to the hazard(s). PPE includes hard hats, safety glasses, safety shoes, hearing protection, respirators, etc. (See chapter 5)

Note. PPE should not be used as the only protection against a hazard. It should only be used after attempt has been made to implement higher level controls, or as a subsequent control to provide an additional layer of protection.

c. Risk Acceptance. Acceptance of risk is a serious matter; therefore, the appropriate level of leadership must accept the overall residual risk associated with a g4so9es9 Highlight

EM 385-1-1 • 15 March 2024 25 task before its commencement. Residual risk must be communicated and accepted by the proper authority before beginning the activity. (1-6.c)

Note. The proper authority may be different in each scenario and is based on the scope of work, hazards, and associated risk.

(1) Activities that require an AHA must not begin until the AHA with the identified RAC has been reviewed, accepted, and signed by the proper approval authority.

(2) Each USACE Command must establish a process for risk acceptance for USACE activities identifying the proper acceptance authority or implement table for Risk Acceptance Matrix (see table 1-1).

Note. USACE does not accept contractor risk.

d. AHA Minimum Requirements. (1-6.d)

(1) AHAs must be prepared and documented for all field, laboratory, industrial, and maintenance activities performed. Before beginning each work activity, task, or DFOW, an initial AHA must be prepared to ensure minimum safety requirements are adequately addressed. In developing the AHA for a particular activity, the writer(s) (that is, CPs) should draw upon the expertise (for example, knowledge, skills, and experience) of the employees, supervisors, and SOH personnel. Additional AHA requirements may be found in other applicable paragraphs of this manual. See paragraph 6 of each chapter of this manual.

Note. Job Safety Analyses (JSAs), Job Hazard Analyses (JHAs), or similar risk management assessment tools are considered equivalent to, and acceptable substitutes for, AHAs as long as the data collected is the same as that required by the

AHA.

(2) AHAs must be provided to and…