appendixd_road_maintenance.doc

APPENDIX D

No.

Specification Title

T-800

Definitions

T-801

Slide and Slump Repair

T-802

Ditch Cleaning

T-803

Surface Blading

T-804

Surfacing Repair

T-805

Drainage Structures

T-806

Dust Abatement

T-807

Roadway Vegetation

T-808

Miscellaneous Structures

T-809

Developing Water Supply and Watering T-810

Surface Replacement T-811

Surface Treatment

T-812

Road Closure

T-813

Tree & Stump Removal

T-814

Drainage Excavation

T-815

Culvert Installation

T-816

Sign Installation

E-1

General Equipment Requirements

SPECIFICATION T-800 DEFINITIONS

Wherever the following terms or pronouns are used in Specifications T-801 through T-860, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows:

800-1.1 - Agreement. Maintenance projects require a mutually acceptable method to resolve the problems which arise when incompatible situations arise between drawings and specifications and actual conditions on the ground to allow orderly and satisfactory progress of the maintenance.

These specifications have been developed in anticipation of those problem areas and have provided that such changes will be by Agreement.

It is intended that drawings and specifications will govern unless "on-the-ground" conditions warrant otherwise, when specifications call for "Agreement", "agreed", or "approval" such Agreement or approval shall be promptly confirmed in writing.

800-1.2 - Annual Road Maintenance Plan. A plan prepared by various users of one or several roads. The plan is an Agreement on maintenance responsibilities to be performed for the coming year.

800-1.3 - Base Course. Material used to reinforce Subgrade or, as shown on drawings, placed on Subgrade to distribute wheel loads.

800-1.4 - Berm. Curb or dike constructed to prevent Roadway runoff water from discharging onto embankment slope.

800-1.5 - Borrow. Select Material taken from designated borrow sites.

800-1.6 - Crown, Inslope, and Outslope. The cross slope of the Traveled Way to aid in drainage and traffic maneuverability.

800-1.7 - Culverts. A conduit or passageway under a road, trail, or other obstruction. A culvert differs from a bridge in that it is usually entirely below the elevation of the Traveled Way.

800-1.8 - Drainage Dip. A dip in the Traveled Way which intercepts surface runoff and diverts the water off the Traveled Way. A Drainage Dip does not block the movement of traffic.

800-1.9 - Drainage Structures. Manufactured structures which control the runoff of water from the Roadway including Inslope, overside drains, aprons, flumes, downdrains, downpipes, and the like.

800-1.10 - Dust Abatement Plan. A table which lists the road, dust palliative, application rates, and estimated number of subsequent applications.

800-1.11 - Lead-off Ditches. A ditch used to transmit water from a Drainage Structure or Drainage Dip outlet to the natural drainage area.

800-1.12 - Material. Any substances specified for use in the performance of the work.

800-1.13 - Prehaul Maintenance. Road maintenance work which must be accomplished to maintain the roads to a satisfactory condition commensurate with the Purchaser's use, provided Purchaser's Operations do not damage improvements under H.6 or National Forest resources and hauling can be done safely. This work will be shown in the Annual Road Maintenance Plan as provided in Appendix B – K-F.3.1#.

Prehaul Maintenance work the Purchaser elects to perform will be in compliance with the Road Maintenance T-Specifications. Forest Service will do required prehaul maintenance or pay contractor to do required prehaul maintenance at the rates listed in H.27.

800-1.14 - Roadbed. The portion of a road between the intersection of Subgrade and sideslopes, excluding that portion of the ditch below Subgrade.

800-1.15 - Road Maintenance Plan. A table which shows applicable road maintenance specifications to be performed by Purchaser on specific roads.

800-1.16 - Roadside. A general term denoting the area adjoining the outer edge of the Roadway.

800-1.17 - Roadway. The portion of a road within the limits of excavation and embankment.

800-1.18 - Shoulder. That portion of Roadway contiguous with Traveled Way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and lateral support of base and Surface Course, if any.

800-1.19 - Slide. A concentrated deposit of Materials from above or on backslope extending onto the Traveled Way or Shoulders, whether caused by mass land movements or accumulated ravelling.

800-1.20 - Slough. Material eroded from the backslope which partially or completely blocks the ditch, but does not encroach on the Traveled Way so as to block passage of traffic.

800-1.21 - Slump. A localized portion of the Roadbed which has slipped or otherwise become lower than that of the adjacent Roadbed and constitutes a hazard to traffic.

800-1.22 - Special Project Specifications. Specifications which detail conditions and requirements peculiar to the individual project.

800-1.23 - Subgrade. Top surface of Roadbed upon which Base Course or Surface Course is constructed. For roads without Base Course or Surface Course, that portion of Roadbed prepared as the finished wearing surface.

800-1.24 - Surface Course. The Material placed on Base Course or Subgrade primarily to resist abrasion and the effects of climate. Surface Course may be referred to as surfacing.

800-1.25 - Surface Treatment Plan. A table which lists the roads and surface treatments to be applied.

800-1.26 - Traveled Way. That portion of Roadway, excluding Shoulders, used for the movement of vehicles.

800-1.27 - Turnouts. That portion of the Traveled Way constructed as additional width on single lane roads to allow for safe passing of vehicles.

800-1.28 - Water Source. A place designated on the Road Maintenance Map for acquiring water for road maintenance purposes.

800-1.29 - Waterbar. A dip in the Roadbed which intercepts surface runoff and diverts the water off the Roadway. A Waterbar is not designed to be traversable by logging trucks.

SPECIFICATION T-801 SLIDE AND SLUMP REPAIR

DESCRIPTION

1.1 Slide removal is the removal from Roadway and disposal of any Material, such as soil, rock, and vegetation that cannot be routinely handled by a motor grader during Ditch Cleaning, T-802, and Surface Blading, T-803 Operations.

Slump repair is the filling of depressions or washouts in Roadway which cannot be routinely filled by a motor grader during Surface Blading, T-803 Operations.

Slide removal and Slump repair includes excavation, loading, hauling, placing, and compacting of waste or replacement Material and the development of disposal or borrow areas.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Slide Material, including soil, rock and vegetative matter which encroaches into the Roadway, shall be removed. The slope which generated the Slide Material shall be reshaped during the removal of the Slide Material with the excavation and loading equipment. Slide Material deposited on the fill slope and below the Traveled Way will not be removed unless needed for slope stability or to protect adjacent resources.

Surface and Base Courses shall not be excavated during Slide removal operations.

Slide Material which cannot be used for other beneficial purposes shall be disposed of at disposal sites shown on Contract Area Map or designated on the ground. Material placed in disposal sites will not require compaction unless compaction is shown on Road Maintenance Plan.

3.2 When filling Slumps or washouts, Material shall be moved from agreed locations or borrow sites, placed in layers, and compacted by operating the hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer.

Existing aggregate surfacing shall be salvaged when practical and relaid after depressions have been filled.

Damaged aggregate base, aggregate surfacing, and bituminous pavement shall be repaired under Specification T-804 Surfacing Repair.

The repaired areas of the Slump shall conform to the cross-section which existed prior to the Slump and shall blend with the adjacent undisturbed Traveled Way.

3.3 The maximum volume of Purchaser responsibility for Slide and Slump repair is 25 cubic yards. Greater volumes of Slide and Slump repair are Forest Service responsibility.

SPECIFICATION T-802 DITCH CLEANING

DESCRIPTION

1.1 Ditch cleaning is removing and disposing of all Slough Material from Roadway ditches to provide a free-draining waterway AS SHOWN IN DRAWINGS.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Ditch cleaning shall be repeated during the year as often as necessary to facilitate proper drainage.

3.2 All Slough Material or other debris which might obstruct water flow in the Roadway ditch shall be removed. Material removed from the ditch, if suitable, may be blended into existing native road surface or Shoulder or placed in designated Berms in conjunction with Surface Blading T-803 operations.

Material removed from ditches that is not by Agreement blended into existing roads or placed in Berms shall be loaded and hauled to the disposal site designated by the Forest Service.

3.3 Roadway backslope or Berm shall not be undercut.

SPECIFICATION T-803 SURFACE BLADING

DESCRIPTION

1.1 Surface blading is keeping a native or aggregate roadbed in a condition to facilitate traffic and provide proper drainage. It includes maintaining the Crown, Inslope or Outslope of the traveled way, turnouts, and shoulder; repairing berms; blending approach road intersections; and cleaning bridge decks, drainage dips, and lead-off ditches.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Surface blading shall be performed before, during, and after Purchaser's use as often as necessary to facilitate traffic and proper drainage.

3.2 The surface blading shall preserve the existing cross-section. Surface irregularities shall be eliminated and the surface left in a free-draining state and to a smoothness needed to facilitate traffic. Surface material which has been displaced to the shoulders or turnouts shall be returned to the traveled way. The blading operation shall be conducted to prevent the loss of surface material and to provide for a thorough mixing of the material being worked.

3.3 Water, taken from Water Sources designated on Sale Area Map, shall be applied during blading if sufficient moisture is not present to cut, mix, or compact the surface Material.

3.4 On native surfaced roads, Material generated from backslope Sloughing, and ditch cleaning may be blended with the surface Material being worked. On aggregate surfaced roads this Material shall not be blended with Surface or Base Course Material unless agreed otherwise.

3.5 Roadway backslopes or Berms shall not be undercut, nor shall new Berms be established unless agreed otherwise.

Berms shall be repaired by placing Material, as needed to restore the Berm, to reasonably blend with existing line, grade, and cross-section.

3.6 Drainage Dips and Lead-off Ditches shall be cleaned and maintained to reasonably blend with existing line, grade, and cross-section.

3.7 Intersecting roads shall be bladed for a distance of 50 feet to assure proper blending of the two riding surfaces.

3.8 Rocks or other Material remaining on the Traveled Way after the final pass that are larger than 4 inches in diameter or are larger than the maximum size of imported surfacing shall be removed from the Traveled Way. Unless otherwise designated by the Forest Service, the oversized Material shall be disposed of by sidecasting. Sidecasting into streams, lakes, or water courses will not be permitted.

3.9 Material resulting from work under this specification shall not remain on or in structures, such as Culverts, overside drains, cattleguards, ditches, Drainage Dips, and the like.

3.10 Material resulting from work under this specification, plus any accumulated debris, shall be removed from bridge decks and the deck drains opened.

SPECIFICATION T-804 SURFACING REPAIR

DESCRIPTION

1.1 Surfacing repair is repairing potholes or small soft areas in the Traveled Way. It includes area preparation and furnishing and placing all necessary Materials, and other work necessary to repair the surface.

MATERIALS

2.1 Material used in the repair of soft areas on aggregate or native surfaced roads may be acquired from approved commercial sources, designated Forest Service Borrow areas, or Borrow sources agreed to. The quality and quantity of the imported Material used in the repair will be limited to that needed to provide a stable Traveled Way for hauling and to minimize damage to the road and adjacent resources. The quantity of imported surface repair Material used in the appraisal estimate will be shown on Road Maintenance Plan. However, the magnitude of the work may vary depending on Purchaser's hauling schedule and ground conditions.

2.2 Material used in the repair of bituminous pavements may be acquired from local commercial sources. If a mixing table is required, the location shall be approved by the Forest Service. The bituminous mixture to be used by the Purchaser shall be approved by the Forest Service. The Purchaser's share of the quantity of bituminous mixture used in the appraisal estimate will be shown on Road Maintenance Plan. However, Purchaser's share of the work may vary depending on Purchaser's hauling schedule, ground conditions, other traffic, etc.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Work under this specification shall be performed in a timely manner to reduce further deterioration of the Traveled Way.

3.2 Soft spots on aggregate or native surfaces shall be repaired by placing the imported Surface Course on top of the soft spot. Layers of imported Material shall be placed until a firm surface is produced.

3.3 Bituminous Pavement Repairs. The areas to receive bituminous pavement repairs will be marked on the road surface by the Forest Service just prior to Purchaser performing the work.

3.4 Potholes (deep patch). Surface Course and Base Course Materials shall be excavated to a depth necessary to reach firm, suitable Material. The minimum depth of excavation shall be 2 inches and the maximum depth of excavation shall be to the top of the Subgrade.

The edges of the prepared hole shall be extended to form a vertical face in unfractured asphalt surfacing. The prepared hole shall generally be circular or rectangular in shape, dry, and cleaned of all loose Material.

Prepared potholes shall be patched or barricaded immediately.

The faces of the prepared hole shall be tacked with a slow-setting emulsified asphalt.

The bituminous mixture shall be placed in layers not exceeding a compacted depth of 2 inches. Each layer shall be compacted thoroughly with hand or mechanical tampers or rollers. Compaction shall not be done with equipment wheels.

Upon completion, the compacted patch in the pothole shall be flush, with a tolerance or approximately ¼ inch to ½ inch above the level of the adjacent pavement.

3.5 Skin Patches. Bituminous mixture shall be distributed uniformly with feathered edges in layers not to exceed 2 inches compacted depth. When multiple layers are ordered, joints shall be offset at least 6 inches between layers.

Each layer shall be compacted by two passes with a 7-10 ton steel roller or comparable vibratory roller.

3.6 Asphalt Berm. Damaged segments of Berm shall be removed and the exposed ends beveled at approximately 45 degrees from vertical. The Berm foundation shall be cleaned and patched as necessary. The foundation and joining surfaces shall be coated with a slow-setting emulsified asphalt. Asphalt mix shall be placed and compacted to conform with the shape and alignment of the undamaged segment.

3.7 Disposal. All Materials removed from potholes, patches, and Berms shall be disposed of at disposal sites designated by the Forest Service.

SPECIFICATION T-805 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work consists of maintaining Drainage Structures and related items such as inlet and outlet channels, existing riprap, trash racks, and dropinlets.

MATERIALS

2.1 All Materials used in the maintenance of Drainage Structures shall conform by type and specification to the Material in the structure being maintained.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Drainage Structures and related items shall be cleared of all foreign Material which has been deposited above the bottom of the structure and all vegetative growth which interferes with the flow pattern. Material removed that cannot be incorporated into maintenance work shall be hauled to a disposal site designated by the Forest Service.

3.2 If outlet or inlet riprap was installed by Purchaser as a construction item or existed prior to Purchaser's haul, it shall be maintained in good condition including the replacement of riprap if necessary to previous line, grade, and cross-section.

3.3 Perform maintenance to insure the proper functioning of the head walls, aprons, inlet assemblies, overside drains, riprap, trash racks, and other facilities related to the Drainage Structure.

SPECIFICATION T-806 DUST ABATEMENT

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work shall consist of preparing Traveled Way and furnishing and applying Materials to abate dust.

MATERIALS

2.1 The roads requiring dust abatement, type of dust abatement Material to be used, the rates of application, and frequency of applications will be shown on Dust Abatement Plan (Appendix B K-F.3.1#). The Dust Abatement Plan may be changed by written Agreement.

2.2 Water. The locations of Water Sources are shown on Contract Area Map.

2.3 Dust abatement Materials shall consist of the following materials:

Magnesium Chloride (MC)

Calcium Chloride Brine (MCB)

Calcium Chloride Flake (CCFL)

2.4 Testing of Materials. Certification of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride brine, and calcium chloride flake will be provided by the manufacturer and approved by the Forest Service.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 General. Dust abatement Materials shall be applied to the road surface as necessary to control road surface loss, provide for road user safety, and minimize damage to adjacent resources.

3.2 Compaction. When the methods listed below specify compaction, Traveled Way shall be compacted by an 8 to 10 ton pneumatic, steel-wheeled or equivalent vibrating roller making 2 passes over the full Traveled Way and Shoulder width, unless compaction is not required on the Dust Abatement Plan (Appendix B K-F.3.1#).

3.3 Preparation to Dust Abatement Materials Other Than Water. The following applies to all methods of preparation:

Bituminous residue shall be scarified and pulverized to produce loosened Material not exceeding 4 inches in greatest dimension.

Traveled Way shall be bladed in accordance with T-803.

Prior to applying DO-6BA, DO-6PA, or DO-8, the top 2 inches of Traveled Way shall contain not less than 80 percent nor more than 120 percent of optimum moisture as determined by AASHTO T-99, Method C. Prior to applying other bituminous Material, Traveled Way shall have a moisture content between 1 and 3 percent. If surface dusting prevents the bituminous Material from penetrating, a light application of water shall be applied just prior to applying the bituminous Material.

Lignin Sulfonate and magnesium chloride shall be applied when the top 1 inch of Traveled Way contains not less than 3 percent moisture, nor more than 120 percent of optimum moisture as determined by AASHTO T-99, Method C.

Moisture content will be determined in accordance with AASHTO T-217 OR T-239.

One or more of the following methods shall be used, as specified in the Dust Abatement Plan (Appendix B K-F.3.1#).

Method 1. Compact Traveled Way and apply the dust abatement Material.

Method 2. Develop a layer of loose Material approximately 1 inch in depth for the full width of Traveled Way. Apply the dust abatement Material to this loose Material and compact after penetration. If traffic makes maintenance of the loose Material difficult, 1 inch of the Material may be bladed into a windrow along the Shoulder. The specified moisture content shall be maintained in the windrow and the top 1 inch of Traveled Way. The windrow shall be bladed to a uniform Material. When the dust abatement Material has penetrated, Traveled Way shall be compacted.

Method 3. Blade 1 inch of Material from Traveled Way into a windrow along the Shoulder. Maintain the specified moisture content in the windrow and the top inch of Traveled Way. Apply half the dust abatement Material. When the dust abatement Material has penetrated, the windrow shall be bladed to a uniform depth across dust abatement Traveled Way, and the remaining dust abatement Material shall be applied. Traveled Way shall be compacted.

Method 4. Develop a layer of loose Material approximately 2 inches in depth for the full width of Traveled Way. Apply half the dust abatement Material to the loose Material. Blade the top 2 inches into a windrow along the Shoulder. Apply the remaining dust abatement Material to Traveled Way and the Berm. Spread the Berm evenly across Traveled Way and compact.

3.4 Preparation for Dust Abatement with Water. Traveled Way shall be prepared in accordance with Specification T-803 Surface Blading when required.

3.5 Application Tolerance. Dust abatement Materials other than water shall be applied within 0.05 gallons per square yard of the rate specified.

3.6 Mixing Requirements. DO-6BA, DO-6PA, and DO-8 shall be thoroughly circulated in the distributor within 1 hour of application.

3.7 Weather Limitations. Dust abatement Materials shall not be applied when it is raining.

Magnesium chloride shall be applied when the atmospheric temperature is 40 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

3.8 Blotter Material. Blotter Material shall be spread in a sufficient quantity to prevent tire pickup.

SPECIFICATION T-807 ROADWAY VEGETATION

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work includes removal of brush and trees from within the Roadway limits.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Vegetative matter within the Roadway which impedes vehicular travel or interferes with road maintenance operations, such as surface blading and ditch and culvert cleaning shall be removed. Downed timber meeting utilization standards shall be cut in appropriate lengths and decked along the Roadside in locations where the Traveled Way or sight distances will not be impaired.

3.2 Vegetative matter removed from the Roadway shall be treated by the specified method or as required by K G.7.7#.

SPECIFICATION T- 808 MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES

DESCRIPTION

1.1 Maintenance of miscellaneous structures includes cattleguards, gates, and other similar structures that have been previously installed to insure safe and efficient operation of the road.

MATERIALS

2.1 Any materials needed in the maintenance of miscellaneous structures shall be similar in type and quality to the Material in the structure being maintained.

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Cattleguards. Loose rails shall be welded or bolted back in place.

Excess Material carried into the cattleguard shall be removed when drainage is blocked or when it reaches 6 inches from the bottom of the cattleguard frame. Drainage into and from the cattleguard shall be kept open.

3.2 Gates. Gates shall be kept in good repair and made to swing easily. Hinges or latches shall be repaired if not operating properly.

Brush and debris shall be removed from within the swinging radius.

SPECIFICATION T-809 - DEVELOPING WATER SUPPLY AND WATERING

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work shall consist of developing a water supply or furnishing water, and/or hauling and applying water to roads.

MATERIALS

2.1 Water sources are SHOWN ON THE CONTRACT AREA MAP. If the contractor elects to obtain water from other sources, the contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the right to use the water.

WORK REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Developing water supplies and access shall be the Contractors responsibility and will be approved by the Forest Service.

Mobile watering equipment shall have watertight tanks of known capacity. Equipment used for dust control and finishing operations of subgrade and surfaces shall provide uniform and controlled application of water without ponding or washing. Positive control of water from the driver's position is required at all times.

Calibrated tanks, distributors, or accurate water meters shall be required if SHOWN ON THE CONTRACT AREA MAP.

SPECIFICATION T-810 - SURFACE REPLACEMENT

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work shall consist of replacing surface aggregate in areas SHOWN ON THE CONTRACT AREA MAP or designated on the ground. Work includes preparing the area, furnishing, hauling, placing and compacting all material necessary to blend with the adjacent roadway.

MATERIALS

2.1 Aggregate shall be obtained from a commercial sources and shall conform to the gradation and quantity requirements as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

WORK REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Areas to receive aggregate, including turnouts, shall be bladed and shaped to produce a surface which is uniform, consistent to grade, and crowned or sloped to conform to previous line, grade, and cross section.

Aggregate shall be thoroughly mixed and spread on the prepared surface in layers not to exceed four (4) inches in depth. When more than one layer is required, each layer shall be shaped and compacted before the succeeding layer is placed.

Watering shall be required . Watering will be in accordance with Section 809 Developing Water Supply and Watering.

Aggregate shall be compacted by one of the following method as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Compaction A. Aggregate shall be moistened to a uniform moisture content suitable for compaction. Compacted by operating spreading and hauling equipment over the full width of each layer of the aggregate.

Compaction B. Aggregate shall be moistened to a uniform moisture content suitable for compaction. Rollers meeting the requirements of the Special Project Specifications shall be operated over the full width of each layer until visual displacement ceases, but not fewer than three (3) complete passes.

The surface of each layer shall be bladed during the compaction operations to remove irregularities and produce a smooth, even surface.

SPECIFICATION T-813 TREE & STUMP REMOVAL

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work consists of cutting, grubbing, limbing, removing, and disposing of trees greater than four (4) inches in diameter and stumps along roadsides. Work shall also include backfilling holes left by stump removal.

WORK REQUIREMENTS

3.1 All trees and stumps DESIGNATED by the Forest Service shall be felled and/or grubbed. Undisturbed stumps outside the treatment roadway or in embankment areas may remain, provided they do not interfer with normal maintenance operations.

Trees shall be felled away from the roadway or into an area necessary to prevent damage to property, structures, or other trees. Trees shall be cut off not more than 12 inches above the uphill groundline on stumps allowed to remain in place. Felled trees shall be limbed and topped and positioned so they will not roll onto the road. Branches and tops shall not be left in live streams or where it interfers with drainage structures.

All roots over 3 inches in diameter within the roadbed area shall be grubbed to a minimum depth of 6 inches below subgrade. Holes remaining from removed stumps shall be backfilled and compacted using material from the adjacent roadway to a level that conforms with the lines of the existing template. Removed stumps shall be placed or buried at locations DESIGNATED on the ground. Stumps shall be placed away from trees and positioned so they will not roll. The final surface of burial sites shall be smoothed and sloped to drain.

Any damage to trunks of standing trees caused by Contractor's operation shall be treated with a commercial nursery sealer.

SPECIFICATION T-814 DRAINAGE EXCAVATION

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work shall consist of excavation and shaping of roadway drainage structures to drain freely including rolling dips, grade dips, roadway ditches, lead-off ditches, and catch basins. Any clearing and grubbing necessary to accomplish the drainage excavation is considered incidental to the pay item.

WORK REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Clearing & Grubbing - All trees, stumps, roots and other protruding vegetative material shall be cleared from drainage. Trees shall be cut into lengths not to exceed 5 feet and all limbs removed. Logs, slash and s tumps shall be scattered outside the drainage or as directed by the Forest Service.

3.2 Excavation - Drainage structures shall be excavated and shaped to a depth and width to provide drainage in conformity with the line grades and cross section as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS at locations designated on the ground. Hand work may be necessary to obtain a smooth surface and uniform cross section. Lead-off ditches shall be provided for a distance necessary to drain unless otherwise approved by the Forest Service. Roadside ditches shall be free draining. Material removed if suitable, shall be blended into the existing native road surface or shoulders. Unsuitable material shall be spread evenly and not heaped against existing vegetation. Large rocks encountered during excavation of drainage structures that interfere with the lines and grades of the structure shall be removed, when practical and placed so that they will not roll or obstruct the use and maintenance of the roadway or moved to locations approved by the Forest Service.

SPECIFICATION T-815 CULVERT INSTALLATION

DESCRIPTION

1.1 This work shall consist of furnishing and installing or work installing only, metal pipe and pipe appurtenances, including all bedding and backfilling required to complete the work or removing and disposing of existing culverts. The term metal refers to aluminum and steel.

MATERIALS

REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Backfill - Pipe meeting any of the following conditions shall not be placed or backfilled until the excavation and foundation have been approved by the Forest Service.

(a)Embankment height greater than 5 feet at subgrade centerline.

(b)Installation in a live stream.

(c)Round pipe with a diameter of 48 inches or greater.

(d)Pipe arches with a span of 50 inches or greater.

After the bedding is prepared and the pipe is placed, selected material shall be placed in layers not exceeding 6 inches loose thickness and compacted under the haunches and alongside the pipe. The material shall be readily compactible material free of frozen lumps, chunks of highly plastic clay (Plasticity Index greater than 10), or other objectionable material. Rocks larger than 3 inches in greatest dimension shall not be used within 1 foot of the pipe. On each side of the pipe there shall be an area of compacted material at least as wide as one diameter of the pipe. Backfill shall be compacted without damaging or displacing the pipe. The backfill density shall exceed the density of the surrounding embankment.

Backfilling and compacting shall be continued until the backfill is a minimum of 12 inches above the top of the culvert.

After being bedded and backfilled, pipe shall be protected by an adequate cover of embankment before heavy equipment is permitted to cross during roadway construction.

Pipe distorted more than 5 percent of nominal dimensions, ruptured, or broken shall be replaced.

3.2 Bedding - The bedding material shall be selected mineral soil. The completed bedding shall have a longitudinal camber when SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

The lower segment of the pipe shall be in contact with the bedding for the required depth throughout its entire full length. Outside circumferential laps shall be placed facing upstream.

Paved or partially lined pipe shall be laid so the longitudinal centerline of the paved segment coincides with the flowline. Eliptical pipe shall be placed with the major axis within five (5) degrees of a horizontal plane.

The final installed alignment shall be such that no reverse grades exist and no point shall vary more than two (2) percent horizontally and vertically of the culvert length or 1 foot, whichever is less, unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

No pipe shall be placed in service until a suitable outlet is provided.

Helically corrugated lock-seamed pipe shall be installed with the seam at the inlet end placed below the horizontal centerline. This requirement applies to the outlet end when the outlet is less than five (5) feet below subgrade.

Longitudinal laps on riveted or spot-welded pipe shall be positioned at any location between forty-five (45) degrees above or below horizontal.

3.3 Joining Pipes - Pipe shall be firmly joined by form-fiting coupling bands. Endsections shall be attached to pipe by connecting bands or other means as recommended by the manufacturer. Gaskets shall be installed at each joint to form a watertight connection when SHOW ON THE DRAWINGS. Dimpled bands shall not be used when the slope of the pipe is greater than fifteen (15) percent.

The coupling bands shall meet the strength requirements of field joints for Non-Erodible Soil Condition--Special Joint Type according to Decision II, Section 23 of the "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges" by AASHTO.

When materials are furnished by the Forest Service, the note "Government-furnished materials" will be added to the description of the pay item.

3.4 Pipe Removal - Culvert designated to be removed shall become the property of the

Contractor, unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, and shall be removed from Government land for disposal.

SPECIFICATIONS E-1 GENERAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS

1.1 The equipment to be used to complete the performance of this contract shall meet the following minimum standards.

Road Grader -Motor patrol, self-propelled, tandem drive, with a mold board not more than fourteen (14) feet or less than twelve (12) feet with a three (3) tooth ripper bar (scarifier).

CrawlerTractor/Dozer - D4 with three (3) tooth ripper (scarifier) bar and angle dozer blade (6 way tilt preferred).

1.2 Noxious Weeds: All graders, tractor/dozers and backhoes are to be thoroughly cleaned before entering the National Forest for work on this contract. The requirement is designed to decrease the possibility of introducing noxious weed seed onto the National Forest.

1.3 Traffic: Traffic warning signs, which will be provided by the contractor, must conform to the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).

In the performance of traveled way maintenance, signs shall be located no more than 1 mile before and 1 mile after area of operation. Signs shall be posted only when work is in progress.

Vehicle traffic shall not be obstructed for periods in excess of ten (10) minutes.

E-1

Specififcation Index