3-Specifications SSR25.pdf
PDF 469 KB Posted
- Attached to
- Signal Support Replacements State and local contract opportunity
- Solicitation number
- SSR/25
- Issued by
- Summit County, Akron City, Ohio
About this file
This document is a set of specifications from the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) for Signal Support Replacements (SSR/25), focusing on the procurement of replacement signal supports and mast arms for various intersections within the City of Akron. The project involves furnishing new signal supports with specific requirements, including circular tapered tubes and mast arms that will be installed on existing foundations at multiple intersections. All supports must have a flat-black finish and conform to ODOT Supplemental Specification 916 using the Dry (Power Coat) process. The replacement supports are detailed in a comprehensive chart listing 14 specific intersection locations, with precise measurements and design specifications for each signal support.
The specifications include detailed technical requirements for the signal supports, such as pole heights ranging from 21' to 30', various bolt circle diameters, and specific arm lengths and attachments. The procurement follows strict ODOT standards, including requirements for hot-dip galvanizing, coating processes, and performance standards outlined in extensive testing procedures. The coating must meet specific durability, impact resistance, salt spray, and color retention criteria, with warranty periods of at least five years for support coatings. Bidders are required to provide product specifications for the items they propose, and the supports must be manufactured to precise technical specifications, including taper, wall thickness, and identification tagging.
View the file
Other files for this state and local contract opportunity
| File | Type | Posted |
|---|---|---|
| 2-Supplier Submission Page - SSR25.pdf | ||
| 1-ITB - SSR25.pdf |
On GovTribe
Work with this file on GovTribe
- Download the original file
- Contacts named in this file
- Similar government files
- Ask GovTribe AI about this file
Text version
Signal Support Replacements
SSR/25
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS, 2023 EDITION
Item 632 Signal Support, Type TC-81.20, As Per Specifications
Item 632 Combination Signal Support, Type TC-81.20, As Per Specifications
The bid shall consist of furnishing replacement signal supports per ODOT Construction and Material Specifications 632.15 and 732.11 (excerpts attached) – circular tapered tubes and mast arms, less anchor bolts and luminaire arms – ready for installation on existing foundations at various intersections within the City of Akron. All supports shall have a flat-black finish and conform to ODOT Supplemental Specification 916 (attached) using the Dry (Power Coat) process.
** Please provide product specifications for the items that you bid**
Bolt Circle
T H Anchor Bolt DIA
A B C D E A B C D E Lower Upper
#1 Case & Market (N/NW) Black 2 30' 15 1.5 1.75 1.5 26 18 10 14 6.5 1.25 - - - - - - 21'-3" 29'-5" 0 - 90 / 180 - - 0 180 180
#2 Cuyahoga & Tallmadge (SW) Black 3 30' 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 30 14.5 12 10.5 8 1.25 - - - - - - 18'-6" 28'-8.5" 0 - 90 / 180 180 / 270 - 0 180 180
#3 Manchester & Waterloo (NW) Black 3 30' 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 26 14.5 12 10.5 8 1.25 - - - - - - 18'-6" 27' / 29' 0 - 90 / 180 90 / 270 - 0 180 180
#4 Merriman & Portage Path (NW) Black 3 27'-6" 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 32 14.5 12 10.5 8 1.25 - - - - - - 21'-7" 26'-7" 0 - - - - 0 / 225 180 180
#5 Merriman & Portage Path (SE) Black 12 27'-2" 20 2 2.375 2 32 16.5 14.5 12.5 9.5 1.25 38 16.5 14.5 12.5 9.5 1.25 21'-6" 26'-7" 0 5 270 - - - 45 / 135
/ 270 180 135
#6 Merriman & Portage Path (SW) Black 3 27'-6" 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 31 14.5 12 10.5 8 1.25 - - - - - - 21'-7" 26'-7" 0 - - - - 0 180 180
#7 Merriman & Weathervane (NE) Black 3 30'-2" 16 1.25 1.75 1.5 34 18 11 14 6.5 1.25 - - - - - - 20'-1" 29'-7" 0 - 90 / 180 0 - 270 180 180
#8 Merriman & Weathervane
(NW)
Black 3 30'-2" 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 30 18 11 14 6.5 1.25 - - - - - - 20'-0.5" 29'-7" 0 - - - - 0 180 180
#9 Merriman & Weathervane
(SW)
Black 3 21'-2" 16 1.5 2.125 1.75 24 18 10 14 6.5 1.25 22 18 10 14 6.5 1.25 20'-1" - 0
5 270 - - - - 180 135
#10 Portage Path & Parkwood
Plaza (NE) Black 12 27'-5" 20 2 2.375 2 40 16.5 14.5 12.5 9.5 1.25 38 16.5 14.5 12.5 9.5 1.25 21'-6" 26'-7" 0
6 270 90 90 - 0 180 135
#11 Portage Path & Parkwood
Plaza (SW) Black 3 23'-5" 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 32 14.5 12 10.5 8 1.25 - - - - - - 21'-7" - 0 - - - 90 - 180 180
#12 Portage Path & Portage Trail
(SE)
Black 11 27'-2" 20 2 2.125 1.75 45 16.5 14.5 12.5 9.5 1.25 38 16.5 14.5 12.5 9.5 1.25 21'-6.5" 26'-7" 0
6 90 180 0 - 0 / 90 /
180 225
#13 Portage Path & Portage Trail
(SW)
Black 3 27'-6" 16 1.5 1.75 1.5 32 14.5 12 10.5 8 1.25 - - - - - - 21'-7" 26'-7" 0 - 180 0 - 0 180 180
#14 Thornton & Wolf Ledges (SE) Black 11 21' 20 1.5 1.75 1.5 38 18 13 14 6.5 1.25 - - - - - - 19'-11" - 0 - 90 / 180 - - - 180 180
Notes:
7. Orientation Angles:1. Except for Design Nos., base plate hole diameters (H), and some orientation angles, all values shown are field measurements of the existing supports.
5. Mast arm "A" is the arm over Merriman Road.
4. Luminaire mounting height is the distance measured from the top of the base plate to the middle of the luminaire arm bracket, except for Support No.
3 (Manchester & Waterloo). Support No. 3 is the only support that has a two-arm luminaire, and the measurements shown (27' and 29') are the distance from the top of the base plate to the bottom of each arm bracket.
Single Arm Overhead Support Poles
2025 Signal Support Replacement Chart1
Orientation Angles As Measured From Index 7Mounting Heights
Ref. # Intersection (corner)
M as t A rm
A (I nd ex
An gl e)
Po le
F in is h
Ref. Project ID "2025Mi00532" (Street Signal Support Replacement Program 2025)
Attachment (in)
2. Design Nos. are strictly based on each support's measured Bolt Circle. Values in yellow-shaded cells vary from the values in the attached TC-81.20 drawing, which is believed to be the applicable standard at the time these supports were fabricated.
3. Mast Arm mounting height is the distance measured from the top of the base plate to the middle of the mast arm flange.
6. Mast arm "A" is the arm over N Portage Path.
Signal Support Details
Anchor Base (in)
Design Type TC-
81.20 Design
No.
Pole Height (ft)
Mast Arm "A"
Attachment (in)Arm Length
(ft)
Handholes Mast Arm "B"
Arm Length
(ft) M as t A rm
Lu m in ai re
Br ac ke t( s)
Lu m in ai re (s
Si gn al C ab in et
Pe de st ria n Pu sh bu tt on
(s
Pe de st ria n Si gn al
(s
M as t A rm
B lupicmi Polygon lupicmi Polygon lupicmi Polygon lupicmi Polygon lupicmi Polygon
632.15 tests of two beam specimens of concrete yield an average modulus of rupture of not less than 650 pounds per square inch .
632.15 Signal Support. Furnish supports with mast arms with the required pole and arm length, damping device if arm length requires, anchor bolt circle diameter, and anchor bolt size.
Ensure that the combination signal supports with light pole extension provide for the attachment of a luminaire bracket arm. Adjust anchor base type supports with an initial rake so that when loaded the support poles assume an essentially vertical position.
For support designs not specifically shown on the plans, demonstrate, to the Director’s satisfaction, that supports are structurally equivalent to the specified design.
Do not use concrete grouting in the space between the foundation surface and support base.
Conform to the requirements of AASHTO LRFDLTS-1, including all interim releases.
Do not erect signal supports unless at least one signal, sign or damping device approved by the Engineer is installed within 24 hours.
632.16 Strain Pole. Furnish strain poles for the attachment of messenger wire with the required pole length. Use anchor base type strain poles. Adjust anchor base type poles with the initial rake so that when loaded the poles assume an essentially vertical position.
Ensure that the combination strain poles with light pole extension provide for the attachment of a luminaire bracket arm.
Conform to the requirements of 630.06 for threaded fasteners, anchor bolts, anchor bolt nuts, and anaerobic adhesive.
632.17 Wood Pole. Set wood poles in holes excavated by an earth auger to a minimum depth of 6 feet (1.8 m). Use an auger with a diameter approximately 4 inches (100 mm) greater than the pole butt. Hold poles with initial rake, up to a maximum of 12 inches (0.3 m), while tamping backfill into place, so that under messenger wire tensioning conforming to 632.22, the poles assume an essentially vertical position. Furnish backfill material no greater than 1 inch (25 mm) in size, and thoroughly tamp material in lifts not exceeding 6 inches (150 mm), to the satisfaction of the Engineer. If concrete embedment is specified, brace the poles until the concrete has set.
Liberally coat field holes bored for the attachment of messenger or guy wire with approved creosote base paint and fitted with 5/8 inch (16 mm) thimble-eye through-bolts and 3 inch (75 mm) washers. Securely attach and protect ground wire furnished as part of another work item with a wood or plastic molding for a minimum distance of 10 feet (3 m) above groundline.
632.18 Down Guy Assembly. Install and tension guy assemblies before erecting signals such that they will resist the major portion of the horizontal loading caused by loading of the messenger wire.
732.11 shall be a bar graph or numerical display with at least eight (8) discrete levels indicated.
Furnish loop detector sensors according to the Department’s TAP List.
732.11 Signal Supports. Furnish signal poles and mast arms that are tapered tubes of a true continuous taper. Furnish tubes that are circular or regular polygons with twelve or more sides. Ensure that any measurements of circular tube diameter at a specific point along the longitudinal axis do not vary by more than 3/16-inch (5 mm). Ensure that the taper is between 0.54 and 1.3 percent. A rectangular, rounded-corner aluminum Pole Identification Tag with minimum dimensions of 1 x 3 x 0.040 inches shall be attached to the pole at a height of 6 inches above the base plate. The Pole Identification Tag shall be clearly and deeply stamped with the ODOT Standard Construction Drawing Number, Design Number, and the fabrication date of the pole (e.g., TC-81.22, DES. 12, 05-12) in characters with a minimum height of 3/8 in.
Attach to the pole with four stainless steel 3/16 inch rivets.
Fabricate mast arms of the true continuous taper type in two portions joined by overlapping of sections with the overlap being at least 1 1/2 diameters as determined by the largest diameter of the outer portion. Assemble the sections with a 5/8-inch (16 mm) minimum stainless steel or galvanized steel hex head through-bolt.
Ensure that there is not more than one longitudinal, automatically electrically welded seam on circular poles. Ensure that the welded seams are neat and uniform in appearance and have a thickness not less than the base material and a bead height not exceeding 1/16-inch (2 mm). Ensure that the wall thickness at each pole or arm cross-section is of uniform thickness, except at weld beads. Do not place transverse seams or welds on true continuous taper type poles or arms. Weld according to 513.21.
After fabrication, hot-dip galvanize poles and arms according to 711.02.
Do not use guy rods or truss-type arms. Furnish poles and mast arms with attachment plates and gussets. Assemble using high-strength bolts with the connection developing the full moment-resisting capability of the arm. Do not allow the butt diameter of mast arms to exceed the nominal diameter of the pole at the point of attachment.
Fit poles with a welded-on cast or plate steel base designed to mount on an anchor bolt foundation and ensure that each pole includes the furnishing of anchor bolts and conduit ells for installation in the foundation. Furnish at least one 2-inch (50 mm) diameter conduit ell for installation in each foundation. Furnish conduit ells made from steel complying with 725.04; however, if they connect to non-metallic conduit, ensure that they are of the same non-metallic material.
Use steel anchor bolts conforming to ASTM F1554, Grade 105 and galvanized according to 711.02. Ensure that ends have a steel plate as shown on the plans.
Ensure that the poles include a handhole near the base oriented as required.
Reinforce the handhole with a welded-on steel frame with a grounding lug and fit it with a cover plate fastened by stainless steel screws. Ensure that the poles also include a cable and wire support J-hook welded near the top and a removable pole cap. Design poles and arms so their interiors conceal wiring and their mast arms
732.12 include grommeted wire outlets for the signal heads. Furnish hanger clamps with clevises on the mast arms for the signal heads as required. Ensure that arm caps are made of steel and cover at least 50 percent of the end area.
Ensure that signal poles combining provisions for roadway lighting include an additional handhole located opposite the mast arm flange with the poles’ J-hook located above.
Furnish pedestrian pushbutton access holes and blind half couplings for controllers and pedestrian signal heads as required. Plug any unused holes.
Furnish certified materials according to Supplement 1094.
732.12 Strain Poles. Furnish signal strain poles for the attachment of span wire that are steel tapered tubes according to the requirements of 732.11. Ensure that all poles include a removable pole cap, and messenger wire clamps with clevis and shackle unless otherwise specified. A rectangular, rounded-corner aluminum Pole Identification Tag with minimum dimensions of 1 x 3 x 0.040 inches shall be attached to the pole at a height of 6 inches above the base plate. The Pole Identification Tag shall be clearly and deeply stamped with the ODOT Standard Construction Drawing Number, Design Number, and the fabrication date of the pole (e.g., TC-81.22, DES. 12, 05-12) in characters with a minimum height of 3/8 in.
Attach to the pole with four stainless steel 3/16 inch rivets.
Furnish anchor bolt foundation type strain poles that include a welded-on cast or plate steel base, bolt covers, a handhole, and a J-hook, as required by 732.11, and that also include at least one 2-inch (50 mm) cable entrance with a weatherhead and a welded blind half-coupling. Ensure that the poles include the furnishing of anchor bolts and conduit ells for installation in the foundation. Furnish at least one 2-inch (50 mm) diameter conduit ell for installation in each foundation. Furnish steel conduit ells that comply with 725.04; however, if they connect to non-metallic conduit, ensure that they are of the same non-metallic material.
Furnish certified materials according to Supplement 1094.
732.13 Wood Poles. Furnish wood poles that conform to ANSI 05.1
“Specifications and Dimensions for Wood Poles”, that are made of Southern Pine or Western Red Cedar, and that are full-length pressure treated according to 725.19.
732.14 Down Guy Assemblies. Furnish expanding or screw type anchors capable of withstanding a guy tension of 8000 pounds (35 kN) when installed in firm moist soil. Ensure that each anchor rod is 5/8-inch (16 mm) minimum diameter, 8 feet (2.4 m) minimum length galvanized steel with thimble eye.
Ensure that all pole and attachment hardware is hot dip galvanized in accordance with 711.02.
Furnish 3/8-inch (10 mm) minimum diameter guy wire that conforms to 732.18 and ensure that all accessories have a rated loading strength equal to or greater than the messenger wire minimum breaking strength.
Furnish porcelain strain insulators of the wet process type.
Furnish an 8 feet (2.4 m) minimum length guy guard made of impact and ultraviolet light resistant yellow plastic that is fastened to the guy wire.
STATE OF OHIO
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUPPLEMENTAL SPECIFICATION 916
COATING OF LIGHT SUPPORTS AND SIGNAL SUPPORTS AND COMPONENTS OVER
HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL OR ALUMINUM
July 19, 2024
916.01 Description
916.02 Materials
916.03 Dry Process (Powder Coat)
916.04 Wet Process
916.05 Performance Requirements
916.06 Warranty
916.01 Description. This work consists of a manufacturer-supplied protective wet or dry coat system on new light supports, signal supports, and light and signal components defined in the plans and specifications. Unless otherwise specified, either 916.03 or
916.04 may be used for supports, provided the coating meets the performance requirements of
916.05 and is supplied by a Certified Supplier in accordance with Supplement 1091, 1093, or 1094.
Provide a coating system over steel substrate consisting of an initial coat of hot dip galvanizing and one or more subsequent coats by a Dry (916.03) or Wet (916.04) process applied to the hot dip galvanizing. Provide aluminum substrates similarly coated but without the underlying galvanization. For aluminum backplates to be coated per 916.04, anodize to promote paint adhesion according to MIL-A-8625 Type II or Type I.
Provide the color of the finished coating system noted in the Construction Item description supplemental information and specified by Federal color number.
A. Reference Standards.
AAMA 2604-10 Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements, and Test Procedures for
Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels
AAMA 2605-17 Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for
Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels.
ASTM B 117 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
ASTM D 522 Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
ASTM D 523 Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
ASTM D 714 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
ASTM D 1654 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments ASTM D 2244 Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally-Measured Color Coordinates
ASTM D 2794 Standard Test for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid
Deformation (Impact)
ASTM D 3359 Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
ASTM D 3363 Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
ASTM D 6386 Standard Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and
Steel Product Hardware Surfaces for Painting
ASTM D 7803 Standard Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and Steel Product Hardware Surfaces for Powder Coating
ASTM G 154 Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of
Nonmetallic Materials
SSPC-PA-2 Procedure for Determining Conformance to Dry Coating Thickness Requirements
916.02 Materials. Ensure the hot-dip galvanized coating on steel supports and other steel items conform to the requirements of 711.02. Use galvanized surface preparation conforming to ASTM
D 6386 for 916.04 or ASTM D 7803 for 916.03. Use aluminum substrates that are ground, chemically etched, sanded, shot blasted, or prepared by another manufacturer approved method prior to coating.
Prior to starting either of the coating processes, submit test data to the Engineer for the proposed coating materials. Ensure the test data shows the proposed coating conforms to all performance requirements of 916.05. Provide the Engineer, by shipping to the district Office, a test sample of the proposed coating process (Drawdown Card at least 3 in by 5 in (76 mm by 127 mm)) in the required color and on a substrate identical to the Plans. Provide a sample for each substrate material used on the structure. Ship an identical set of documentation and Drawdown Cards to the
Office of Roadway Engineering at the address below:
Office of Roadway Engineering
1980 West Broad Street, MS 1230
Columbus, Ohio 43223
Attn: Traffic Control Section
The Office of Roadway Engineering will retain these drawdown cards indefinitely for future reference.
See below photo for example of drawdown card.
Provide the name of the coating manufacturer and applicator if not done in-house. Test data, whether in-house or 3rd-Party, will not be accepted if the test date is more than eight (8) years old at time of submittal to ODOT.
916.03 Dry Process (Powder Coat). Ensure the powder is triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), TGIC-free beta hydroxyalkylamide (HAA), or fluoropolymer system and that the finished coating system conforms to 916.05. Ensure the product proceeds promptly to the powder coating process within the same facility where the poles and arms are manufactured, or to a manufacturer approved third-party facility that conforms to Supplemental Specification 916.
916.04 Wet Process. Provide a wet paint process using one or more coats as specified, with a urethane polyaspartic, or fluoropolymer system finish coat. Ensure the finished coating system meets the performance criteria listed in Table 916.05-1.
916.05 Performance Requirements. The performance requirements are listed in Table
916.05-1. Submit to the Engineer manufacturer catalog sheets or other manufacturer documentation showing conformance to these requirements.
Table 916.05-1: Performance Requirements
REQUIREMENT
STATEMENT
SPECIFICATION OR
TEST PROCEDURE
MINIMUM VALUE
REQUIRED (Dry Process)
MINIMUM VALUE
REQUIRED (Wet Process)
Gloss Retention ASTM G154 (UVA-
340 Lamp, Cycle 1), ASTM D 523 or D4141 (Procedure A)
Min. 3000 hours, 70
% of initial gloss retained (60 º)
Min. 3000 hours, 70 % of initial gloss retained (60 º)
Color Retention ASTM G154 (UVA-
340 Lamp, Cycle 1) or D4141 (Procedure A) and ASTM D 2244
After 3000 hours, Less than 2 ΔE units
After 3000 hours, Less than 2 ΔE units
Salt spray ASTM B 117, ASTM D1654, D714
After 3000 hours –
No loss of bond, No rusting or scribe blistering beyond
1/16 in from center of scribe on bare (not galvanized) steel, Few or No face blisters.
After 3000 hours – No loss of bond, No scribe blistering beyond 1/16 in from center of scribe, white corrosion products in scribe line only, Few or No face blisters.
Direct impact ASTM D 2794 60 in/lb (9.0 m/kg) 60 in/lb (9.0 m/kg)
Reverse impact ASTM D 2794 60 in/lb (9.0 m/kg) 60 in/lb (9.0 m/kg)
Pencil hardness
(scratch/gouge)
ASTM D 3363 H H
Elongation (Mandrel test):
ASTM D 522 1/8 in (3.2 mm) 1/8 in (3.2 mm)
Minimum adhesion ASTM D 4541 Type
IV
400 lb per sq in (2.8
MPa)
400 lb per sq in (2.8
MPa)
Thickness SSPC-PA-2 4.0 to 6.0 mil (steel),
1.0 to 3.0 mil
(aluminum) minimum (includes all process tolerances)
3.0 to 5.0 mil minimum
(includes all process tolerances)
Durability
(Aluminum substrates only)
AAMA 2604-10
(AAMA 2605-17
Required for Signal
Backplates)
Super Durable Not Applicable
916.06 Warranty. Provide to the Engineer a written warranty statement from the manufacturer of the finished support and arm. Include the contract number, Department PID, and location of the project in the warranty statement. Provide in writing that the warranty period begins upon the date of delivery of the support to the project. Provide a warranty period of at least five years for support coatings and at least 10 years (full material replacement not including installation) for backplate coatings.
Designer Notes:
These specifications are intended to be incidental to an As-Per-Plan version of established ODOT
Standard Construction Items such as signal strain poles, signal supports, signal pedestals, and light poles and components (such as signal hardware and backplates). This Supplemental Specification should be referenced on the Title Page as well as in the As- Per-Plan Note.
This Supplemental Specification is not intended for Items not listed here such as structural Items within the 500 section of the C&MS.
It is not recommended to apply any secondary coating to light Towers over the standard hot-dip galvanizing because of wear from the lowering device rollers. Light Poles may be coated.
For signal strain poles and signal supports at ODOT-maintained installations, only Black (a color closely resembling FEDSTD-595b 17038) should be specified.
| 2025-07-03 Signal Support Replacements (Final) |
| Item 632 Signal Support, Type TC-81.20, As Per Plan |
| Item 632 Combination Signal Support, Type TC-81.20, As Per Plan |
| 2025 Signal Supports chart |
| Signal Support Replacements (Final) |
| TC-81.20 |
| 2019 Signal Support Replacement Details (Final) |
| 2019 Signal Support Replacement Details (Final) |
| 2019 Signal Support Replacement Details (Final) |
| TC_08120 |
| 2024 Signal Support Replacement Details (Final) |
| 2024 Signal Support Replacement Details (Final) |
| Specs |
| 632.15 |
| 732.11 |
| ODOT SS 916 |
| 2025-07-03 Signal Support Replacements2.pdf |
| Item 632 Signal Support, Type TC-81.20, As Per Specifications |
| Item 632 Combination Signal Support, Type TC-81.20, As Per Specifications |
File details come from the government source that posted it. Updated .