The Medical College of Wisconsin, Inc. (MCW) has been awarded a $635,035 Project Grant from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Cancer Cause and Prevention Research (CFDA 93.393) program. The grant, titled "SELF-SAMPLING TO OPTIMIZE ANAL LESION OUTCOMES (SOLO)", aims to use a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of self-sampling on attendance at cytology and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) appointments for the detection and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) among sexual and gender minorities (SGM), particularly those with HIV and Black SGM. The study will randomize 572 individuals to either a self-sampling cascade of home-based self-sampling, in-clinic self-sampling for cytology, and HRA, or a healthcare provider-sampling cascade. The grant's objectives are to increase in-clinic cytology uptake and enhance SCCA precancer detection through HRA attendance. Expected outcomes include quantifying the effect of self-sampling on cytology and HRA attendance, which will inform an equity-attentive approach to SCCA screening for this underserved and vulnerable population.