Project Grant NNX15AL93G

APIS (ASTEROID PROVIDED IN-SITU SUPPLIES): 100MT OF WATER FROM A SINGLE FALCON 9 TOTAL COST OF PLANNED HUMAN EXPLORATION MISSIONS IS STRONGLY DRIVEN BY THE NEED TO LAUNCH LARGE QUANTITIES OF ROCKET PROPELLANT DRINKING WATER OXYGEN AND RADIATION SHIELDING. IF PLENTIFULLY-AVAILABLE IN CIS-LUNAR SPACE WATER COULD BE USED DIRECTLY AS PROPELLANT IN SOLAR THERMAL ROCKETS (STRS) TO PROVIDE INEXPENSIVE TRANSPORTATION. THE LUNAR SURFACE HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS A SOURCE OF SUCH WATER BUT INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF LUNAR ISRU SUGGESTS THAT IT WOULD NOT BE COST EFFECTIVE DUE TO THE SIZE WEIGHT POWER AND COST (SWAP-C) OF ISRU EQUIPMENT THE LARGE ROUND TRIP TO GET TO THE LUNAR SURFACE AND THE LOGISTICAL ISSUES OF WORKING THERE. LIKEWISE A TECHNICAL PUBLICATION REGARDINGN ASTEROID MINING BY A NIAC-FUNDED TEAM RECENTLY CONCLUDED THAT THEY COULD NOT FIND ANY SCENARIO FOR A REALISTIC COMMERCIAL ECONOMIC RETURN FROM SUCH A MISSION. WE UNDERSTAND WHY PAST ATTEMPTS HAVE FAILED AND WE OFFER AN INNOVATIVE NEW MISSION CONCEPT CALLED APIS. APIS HARVESTS AND RETURNS UP TO 100 TONNES OF WATER FROM A NEAR EARTH ASTEROID USING ONLY A SINGLE FALCON 9 V1.1 LAUNCH. APIS IS BASED ON A MAJOR NEW INNOVATION CALLED "OPTICAL MINING" THAT WE ARE PROPOSING HERE FOR THE FIRST TIME. OPTICAL MINING IS A NOVEL APPROACH TO EXCAVATING AND PROCESSING ASTEROID MATERIALS IN WHICH HIGHLY CONCENTRATED SUNLIGHT IS USED TO DRILL HOLES EXCAVATE DISRUPT AND SHAPE AN ASTEROID WHILE THE ASTEROID IS INCLOSED IN A CONTINENT BAG. OPTICAL MINING IS ENABLED BY ADVANCED ANIDOLIC OPTICS THAT HAVE THUS FAR NOT BEEN CONSIDERED FOR ISRU APPLICATIONS. APIS FURTHER COMBINES THE MID-TRL TECHNOLOGIES OF THIN-FILM INFLATABLE STRUCTURES AND WATER SOLAR THERMAL PROPULSION WITH AN INNOVATIVE NEW TRL-1 SOLAR THERMAL OVEN TECHNOLOGY TO EXTRACT WATER FROM A VOLATILE-RICH ASTEROID.APIS MISSION OPERATIONS START WITH A FALCON 9 V1.1 OR EQUIVALENT LAUNCH TO A LOW C3 ARM-LIKE BUT VOLATILE-RICH NEO. ONCE AT THE TARGET APIS USES AN INFLATABLE CAPTURE SYSTEM SIMILAR TO THAT PROPOSED FOR ARM BUT FABRICATED FROM HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL AND DESIGNED TO FULLY ENCLOSE THE TARGET. AFTER THE ASTEROID HAS BEEN ENCAPSULATED AND THE SYSTEM DE-SPUN AN INFLATABLE SOLAR CONCENTRATOR IN AN ADVANCED NON-IMAGING CONFIGURATION PROVIDES DIRECT SOLAR-THERMAL ENERGY THROUGH WINSTON CONES AND LIGHT TUBES TO THE ASTEROID SURFACE. THIS HEAT IS USED TO EXCAVATE THE ASTEROID AND FORCE THE WATER TO OUTGAS INTO THE ENCLOSING BAG AT A LOW PRESSURE OF 10-4 TO 10-5 ATM. THE OUTGASSING WATER IS CRYOPUMPED AT MODEST TEMPERATURE INTO A PASSIVELY-COOLED WATER STORAGE BAG AND STORED AS SOLID ICE. AFTER SEVERAL MONTHS OF COLLECTION UP TO 120MT OF WATER ARE STORED. USING SOLAR THERMAL PROPULSION WITH SOME OF THE WATER AS THE PROPELLANT THE APIS SYSTEM RETURNS THE HARVESTED WATER TO LUNAR DISTANT RETROGRADE ORBIT (LDRO) WHERE IT CAN SUPPORT A FAR MORE AFFORDABLE PROGRAM OF HUMAN EXPLORATION OF CIS-LUNAR SPACE. THE PRESENCE OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER IN CIS-LUNAR SPACE COSTEFFECTIVELY SUPPLIED FROM ASTEROIDS WILL PROFOUNDLY BENEFIT HEOMD MISSIONS.