The Leland Stanford Junior University was awarded a $122,931 project grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) under the Extramural Research Programs in the Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders (CFDA 93.853) program. The funding will support research to define the computations and functions of the cerebellum during associative learning using two-photon calcium imaging and holographic optogenetic stimulation techniques. The project aims to characterize the responses of Purkinje neurons and determine how reward-related signals in complex spike activity shape the timing signals in simple spike responses to influence behavior during learning. This work could provide new insights into the cerebellar contributions to cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors beyond its traditional motor functions.