The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) awarded a $256,500 Project Grant (CFDA 93.853 - Extramural Research Programs in the Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders) to Mayo Clinic to develop a highly personalized approach to thalamic neuromodulation for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. The research objectives are to: 1) delineate and measure causal connections within brain networks using single pulses of stimulation through stereotactic intracranial EEG leads; and 2) characterize thalamic neuromodulation-induced changes in network excitability using short-latency electrophysiology biomarkers. The award aims to enable more precise thalamic electrode targeting and data-driven optimization of stimulation parameters to improve seizure control for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The grant has an award period from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2029.