This $517,046 Project Grant award from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Geosciences program (CFDA 47.050) supports collaborative research on plasma turbulence and heating in the solar chromosphere. The investigators will carry out theoretical analysis and computer simulations to test the hypothesis that small-scale plasma processes, known as the thermal Farley-Buneman instability, cause heating in the coolest parts of the Sun's atmosphere. The research team will use observational data from NASA's solar observation satellites, such as the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), to constrain their models. The project will also involve training graduate, undergraduate, and high school students, with a focus on including women and underrepresented populations. No subawards are planned under this award, which has an award date of August 1, 2024 and an ultimate completion date of July 31, 2027.