This three-year $249,998 project grant from the National Science Foundation's Engineering program (CFDA 47.041) will support research at the University of Texas at Austin correlating large-scale visual structures in buoyant and momentum-driven plumes to entrainment mechanisms. Laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations will identify and quantify features comprising plume structures to remotely determine source conditions of industrial or natural plumes. Mechanisms of mixing and entrainment at the plume/ambient interface will also be investigated. The research aims to enhance the ability to determine source conditions during plume-driven phenomena like volcanic eruptions and glacial discharge plumes. Two graduate students and undergraduate researchers will be trained. Outreach events and a graduate student project will disseminate findings. Results may improve transport models to incorporate plume dynamics informed by remotely acquired data.