3 ENERGETIC PARTICLES (E.G., COSMIC RAYS, SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES, AND PUIS) WHICH ARE NOT EQUILIBRATED WITH THE THERMAL PLASMA IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THE VERY LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM (VLISM) AFFECT ALL FACETS OF PLASMA PHYSICS INCLUDING MEDIATING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES. RECENTLY, THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS THAT SHOW THAT SHOCKS IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE ARE DOMINATED BY ENERGETIC PARTICLES, AND THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHOCKS NO LONGER RESEMBLE EXPECTATIONS FROM A SIMPLE MHD SHOCK DESCRIPTION [LARIO ET AL. (2015)]. THE INTERSTELLAR SHOCK WAVE OBSERVED BY VOYAGER 1 IN THE VLISM WAS UNEXPECTEDLY BROAD AND THERE IS NO THEORETICAL EXPLANATION TO DESCRIBE IT [BURLAGA ET AL. (2013)]. OBSERVATIONS BY VOYAGER 2 SHOW THAT HELIOSPHERIC TERMINATION SHOCK (HTS) WAS VERY BROAD AS WELL [RICHARDSON ET AL. (2008) DECKER ET AL. (2008)]. VOYAGER 1 AND 2 HAVE ALSO MADE REMARKABLE OBSERVATIONS OF NONLINEAR MAGNETIC STRUCTURES IN THE IHS, THAT BURLAGA ET AL. (2006) HAS TERMED MAGNETIC HOLES AND HUMPS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH EARTH, THE SOLAR SYSTEM, AND THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. THIS IS A RESTATEMENT OF THE DECADAL SURVEY PRIORITY (C) OF THE HELIOSPHERE DIVISION. THE FOCUSED QUESTION THAT WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS IS WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE, THE INNER HELIOSHEATH, AND THE VLISM? AS DESCRIBED ABOVE, OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO THIS OUTSTANDING PROBLEM HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION RECENTLY. USING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED FORMALISM THAT INCORPORATES NON-EQUILIBRATED ENERGETIC PARTICLES INTO A MULTI-COMPONENT PLASMA DESCRIPTION WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE DISSIPATIVE ROLE THAT BOTH THE ENERGETIC PARTICLE COLLISIONLESS HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY PLAY IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCK WAVES IN THESE REGIONS. WE PROPOSE TO NOT ONLY EXAMINE SHOCK WAVE STRUCTURE BUT ALSO TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY ON THE PROPAGATION OF NONLINEAR WAVES AND STRUCTURES. Funding Only Action ($84) 3/16/20 Not listed ENERGETIC PARTICLES (E.G. COSMIC RAYS SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND PUIS) WHICH ARE NOT EQUILIBRATED WITH THE THERMAL PLASMA IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THE VERY LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM (VLISM) AFFECT ALL FACETS OF PLASMA PHYSICS INCLUDING MEDIATING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES. RECENTLY THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS THAT SHOW THAT SHOCKS IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE ARE DOMINATED BY ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHOCKS NO LONGER RESEMBLE EXPECTATIONS FROM A SIMPLE MHD SHOCK DESCRIPTION [LARIO ET AL. (2015)]. THE INTERSTELLAR SHOCK WAVE OBSERVED BY VOYAGER 1 IN THE VLISM WAS UNEXPECTEDLY BROAD AND THERE IS NO THEORETICAL EXPLANATION TO DESCRIBE IT [BURLAGA ET AL. (2013)]. OBSERVATIONS BY VOYAGER 2 SHOW THAT HELIOSPHERIC TERMINATION SHOCK (HTS) WAS VERY BROAD AS WELL [RICHARDSON ET AL. (2008) DECKER ET AL. (2008)]. VOYAGER 1 AND 2 HAVE ALSO MADE REMARKABLE OBSERVATIONS OF NONLINEAR MAGNETIC STRUCTURES IN THE IHS THAT BURLAGA ET AL. (2006) HAS TERMED MAGNETIC HOLES AND HUMPS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH EARTH THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. THIS IS A RESTATEMENT OF THE DECADAL SURVEY PRIORITY (C) OF THE HELIOSPHERE DIVISION. THE FOCUSED QUESTION THAT WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS IS WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE THE INNER HELIOSHEATH AND THE VLISM? AS DESCRIBED ABOVE OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO THIS OUTSTANDING PROBLEM HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION RECENTLY. USING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED FORMALISM THAT INCORPORATES NON-EQUILIBRATED ENERGETIC PARTICLES INTO A MULTI-COMPONENT PLASMA DESCRIPTION WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE DISSIPATIVE ROLE THAT BOTH THE ENERGETIC PARTICLE COLLISIONLESS HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY PLAY IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCK WAVES IN THESE REGIONS. WE PROPOSE TO NOT ONLY EXAMINE SHOCK WAVE STRUCTURE BUT ALSO TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY ON THE PROPAGATION OF NONLINEAR WAVES AND STRUCTURES. ($84) 3/16/20 Not listed ENERGETIC PARTICLES (E.G. COSMIC RAYS SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND PUIS) WHICH ARE NOT EQUILIBRATED WITH THE THERMAL PLASMA IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THE VERY LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM (VLISM) AFFECT ALL FACETS OF PLASMA PHYSICS INCLUDING MEDIATING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES. RECENTLY THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS THAT SHOW THAT SHOCKS IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE ARE DOMINATED BY ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHOCKS NO LONGER RESEMBLE EXPECTATIONS FROM A SIMPLE MHD SHOCK DESCRIPTION [LARIO ET AL. (2015)]. THE INTERSTELLAR SHOCK WAVE OBSERVED BY VOYAGER 1 IN THE VLISM WAS UNEXPECTEDLY BROAD AND THERE IS NO THEORETICAL EXPLANATION TO DESCRIBE IT [BURLAGA ET AL. (2013)]. OBSERVATIONS BY VOYAGER 2 SHOW THAT HELIOSPHERIC TERMINATION SHOCK (HTS) WAS VERY BROAD AS WELL [RICHARDSON ET AL. (2008); DECKER ET AL. (2008)]. VOYAGER 1 AND 2 HAVE ALSO MADE REMARKABLE OBSERVATIONS OF NONLINEAR MAGNETIC STRUCTURES IN THE IHS THAT BURLAGA ET AL. (2006) HAS TERMED MAGNETIC HOLES AND HUMPS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH EARTH THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. THIS IS A RESTATEMENT OF THE DECADAL SURVEY PRIORITY (C) OF THE HELIOSPHERE DIVISION. THE FOCUSED QUESTION THAT WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS IS WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE THE INNER HELIOSHEATH AND THE VLISM? AS DESCRIBED ABOVE OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO THIS OUTSTANDING PROBLEM HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION RECENTLY. USING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED FORMALISM THAT INCORPORATES NON-EQUILIBRATED ENERGETIC PARTICLES INTO A MULTI-COMPONENT PLASMA DESCRIPTION WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE DISSIPATIVE ROLE THAT BOTH THE ENERGETIC PARTICLE COLLISIONLESS HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY PLAY IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCK WAVES IN THESE REGIONS. WE PROPOSE TO NOT ONLY EXAMINE SHOCK WAVE STRUCTURE BUT ALSO TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY ON THE PROPAGATION OF NONLINEAR WAVES AND STRUCTURES. $45.0k 7/3/18 2 ENERGETIC PARTICLES (E.G., COSMIC RAYS, SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES, AND PUIS) WHICH ARE NOT EQUILIBRATED WITH THE THERMAL PLASMA IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THE VERY LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM (VLISM) AFFECT ALL FACETS OF PLASMA PHYSICS INCLUDING MEDIATING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES. RECENTLY, THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS THAT SHOW THAT SHOCKS IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE ARE DOMINATED BY ENERGETIC PARTICLES, AND THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHOCKS NO LONGER RESEMBLE EXPECTATIONS FROM A SIMPLE MHD SHOCK DESCRIPTION [LARIO ET AL. (2015)]. THE INTERSTELLAR SHOCK WAVE OBSERVED BY VOYAGER 1 IN THE VLISM WAS UNEXPECTEDLY BROAD AND THERE IS NO THEORETICAL EXPLANATION TO DESCRIBE IT [BURLAGA ET AL. (2013)]. OBSERVATIONS BY VOYAGER 2 SHOW THAT HELIOSPHERIC TERMINATION SHOCK (HTS) WAS VERY BROAD AS WELL [RICHARDSON ET AL. (2008); DECKER ET AL. (2008)]. VOYAGER 1 AND 2 HAVE ALSO MADE REMARKABLE OBSERVATIONS OF NONLINEAR MAGNETIC STRUCTURES IN THE IHS, THAT BURLAGA ET AL. (2006) HAS TERMED MAGNETIC HOLES AND HUMPS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH EARTH, THE SOLAR SYSTEM, AND THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. THIS IS A RESTATEMENT OF THE DECADAL SURVEY PRIORITY (C) OF THE HELIOSPHERE DIVISION. THE FOCUSED QUESTION THAT WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS IS WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE, THE INNER HELIOSHEATH, AND THE VLISM? AS DESCRIBED ABOVE, OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO THIS OUTSTANDING PROBLEM HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION RECENTLY. USING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED FORMALISM THAT INCORPORATES NON-EQUILIBRATED ENERGETIC PARTICLES INTO A MULTI-COMPONENT PLASMA DESCRIPTION WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE DISSIPATIVE ROLE THAT BOTH THE ENERGETIC PARTICLE COLLISIONLESS HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY PLAY IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCK WAVES IN THESE REGIONS. WE PROPOSE TO NOT ONLY EXAMINE SHOCK WAVE STRUCTURE BUT ALSO TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY ON THE PROPAGATION OF NONLINEAR WAVES AND STRUCTURES. Funding Only Action $45.0k 7/3/18 1 ENERGETIC PARTICLES (E.G., COSMIC RAYS, SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES, AND PUIS) WHICH ARE NOT EQUILIBRATED WITH THE THERMAL PLASMA IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THE VERY LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM (VLISM) AFFECT ALL FACETS OF PLASMA PHYSICS INCLUDING MEDIATING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES. RECENTLY, THERE HAVE BEEN A NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS THAT SHOW THAT SHOCKS IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE ARE DOMINATED BY ENERGETIC PARTICLES, AND THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHOCKS NO LONGER RESEMBLE EXPECTATIONS FROM A SIMPLE MHD SHOCK DESCRIPTION [LARIO ET AL. (2015)]. THE INTERSTELLAR SHOCK WAVE OBSERVED BY VOYAGER 1 IN THE VLISM WAS UNEXPECTEDLY BROAD AND THERE IS NO THEORETICAL EXPLANATION TO DESCRIBE IT [BURLAGA ET AL. (2013)]. OBSERVATIONS BY VOYAGER 2 SHOW THAT HELIOSPHERIC TERMINATION SHOCK (HTS) WAS VERY BROAD AS WELL [RICHARDSON ET AL. (2008); DECKER ET AL. (2008)]. VOYAGER 1 AND 2 HAVE ALSO MADE REMARKABLE OBSERVATIONS OF NONLINEAR MAGNETIC STRUCTURES IN THE IHS, THAT BURLAGA ET AL. (2006) HAS TERMED MAGNETIC HOLES AND HUMPS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH EARTH, THE SOLAR SYSTEM, AND THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. THIS IS A RESTATEMENT OF THE DECADAL SURVEY PRIORITY (C) OF THE HELIOSPHERE DIVISION. THE FOCUSED QUESTION THAT WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS IS WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF SHOCK WAVES AND NONLINEAR WAVES IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE, THE INNER HELIOSHEATH, AND THE VLISM? AS DESCRIBED ABOVE, OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO THIS OUTSTANDING PROBLEM HAVE ATTRACTED CONSIDERABLE ATTENTION RECENTLY. USING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED FORMALISM THAT INCORPORATES NON-EQUILIBRATED ENERGETIC PARTICLES INTO A MULTI-COMPONENT PLASMA DESCRIPTION WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE DISSIPATIVE ROLE THAT BOTH THE ENERGETIC PARTICLE COLLISIONLESS HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY PLAY IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCK WAVES IN THESE REGIONS. WE PROPOSE TO NOT ONLY EXAMINE SHOCK WAVE STRUCTURE BUT ALSO TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE HEAT FLUX AND VISCOSITY ON THE PROPAGATION OF NONLINEAR WAVES AND STRUCTURES. Funding Only Action $45.0k 8/15/17