6 THE CONSEQUENCES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY (E.G., LANDSLIDES, ROCKFALLS, DEBRIS FLOWS) ARE SEVERE ACROSS THE WORLD. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ESTIMATES COST OF $3.5 BILLION DOLLAR ANNUALLY TO REPAIR SLOPE INSTABILITY DAMAGES IN US, 25-50 DEATHS ANNUALLY, REDUCED REAL ESTATE VALUES, LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY, AND DAMAGE TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS. A 2012 STUDY IN GEOLOGY FOUND THAT LOSS OF LIFE IS USUALLY UNDERESTIMATED AND BETWEEN 2004 AND 2010 A TOTAL OF 2,620 FATAL LANDSLIDES CAUSED 32,322 DEATHS GLOBALLY, WHICH IS AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN PREVIOUSLY CALCULATED (PETLEY 2012). THIS HAS LED RESEARCH INTO THE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FORECASTING, INCLUDING THIS PROPOSED STUDY WHICH FOCUSES ON LANDSLIDES ON STEEP SLOPES COMPOSED OF ROCK AND SOIL. CONVENTIONAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF INVASIVE, IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION SUCH AS INCLINOMETERS, PIEZOMETERS, AND/OR ACCELEROMETERS TO MEASURE ROTATIONAL DISPLACEMENT, GROUND WATER LEVELS (CONVERT TO PORE PRESSURE), AND THE CHANGE IN DISPLACEMENT RATES, RESPECTIVELY. THE INSTALLATION OF THIS INSTRUMENT SUITE, ALTHOUGH EXCEPTIONALLY USEFUL (E.G., INCLINOMETERS ALONE CAN MEASURE LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT DIRECTION, MAGNITUDE, RATE, AND DEPTH), DOES HAVE SOME DOWNSIDES, INCLUDING REQUIRING UPFRONT COST OF INSTALLATION AND CONTINUED UPKEEP OF THE INSTRUMENTS, THE COMMON ACCIDENTAL IMPROPER INSTALLATION RESULTING IN THE UNDERACHIEVEMENT OF ACTUAL SLOPE MONITORING (STARK & CHOI 2008), AND ALTERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN AND ON TOP OF THE SLOPE. REGARDLESS, MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN THE WAY OF IN SITU DATA ANALYSIS TOWARD LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FAILURE PREDICTION. FUKUZONO (1985) AND VOIGHT (1989B) DEVELOPED THE THEORY BETWEEN A MATERIAL S TIME OF FAILURE AND ITS STRAIN RATE. THE STRAIN RATE CAN BE CONVERTED TO AN INVERSE VELOCITY VALUE (WITH UNITS OF DAYS/M OF MOVEMENT, FOR EXAMPLE). PLOTTING THE INVERSE VELOCITY EXHIBITED BY A MATERIAL OVER TIME CAN YIELD INTERESTING INFORMATION, INCLUDING DEFORMATION MECHANISMS (E.G., BRITTLE, DUCTILE) AND, IF APPLICABLE, PREDICTED TIME OF MATERIAL FAILURE. UNFORTUNATELY, IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION IS COSTLY AND NOT PRACTICAL TO USE FOR COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND PREDICTION OF LARGE-SCALE LANDSLIDES. REMOTE SENSING (SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY) HAS PROVEN TO BE A NONINTRUSIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE OPTION FOR THE LONG-TERM MONITORING OF LANDSLIDES. EVEN WITH SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUES TOWARDS LANDSLIDE MONITORING, THERE HAVE BEEN NO STUDIES UTILIZING THE SATELLITE DERIVED DATA TOWARD LANDSLIDE PREDICTION, LIKE THAT OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS PLOTTED IN INVERSE VELOCITY-TIME SPACE, AS DESCRIBED BY VOIGHT (1989A). THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR USING SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY TOWARD OVERALL LANDSLIDE LIFE-CYCLE MONITORING AND PREDICTION, WHICH INCLUDES THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SLOPES, THE CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSLIDES BY DEFORMATION TYPE (E.G., LINEAR VS. NONLINEAR, BRITTLE VS. DUCTILE), AND THE PREDICTION OF SLOPE FAILURE BASED ON DEFORMATION TIME-SERIES PLOT (DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION) ANALYSES. THE PROPOSED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ADVANCES GOALS DESCRIBED IN THE NASA 2014 STRATEGIC PLAN: OBJECTIVE 2.2, WHICH AIMS TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH AS A SYSTEM TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, AND TO IMPROVE LIFE ON OUR PLANET BY APPLYING IN SITU SLOPE MONITORING PROCEDURES TOWARDS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN AN ATTEMPT TO MONITOR AND (HOPEFULLY) PREDICT TIME OF SLOPE FAILURE. ACCURATE, WIDESPREAD MONITOR OF UNSTABLE SLOPES MAY ALLOW FOR FAILURE PREDICTION FORECASTS THAT WILL GIVE SCIENTISTS/ENGINEERS ADEQUATE TIME TO WARN THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF A POTENTIAL IMPENDING LANDSLIDE. REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THIS FASHION WILL AID IN NATURAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE (SCIENCE GOAL #6) WHICH IN TURN WILL PROVIDE A MAJOR BENEFIT TO SOCIETY (SCIENCE GOAL #7). Other Administrative Action $0 11/8/18 Not listed THE CONSEQUENCES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY (E.G. LANDSLIDES ROCKFALLS DEBRIS FLOWS) ARE SEVERE ACROSS THE WORLD. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ESTIMATES COST OF $3.5 BILLION DOLLAR ANNUALLY TO REPAIR SLOPE INSTABILITY DAMAGES IN US 25-50 DEATHS ANNUALLY REDUCED REAL ESTATE VALUES LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND DAMAGE TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS. A 2012 STUDY IN GEOLOGY FOUND THAT LOSS OF LIFE IS USUALLY UNDERESTIMATED AND BETWEEN 2004 AND 2010 A TOTAL OF 2 620 FATAL LANDSLIDES CAUSED 32 322 DEATHS GLOBALLY WHICH IS AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN PREVIOUSLY CALCULATED (PETLEY 2012). THIS HAS LED RESEARCH INTO THE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FORECASTING INCLUDING THIS PROPOSED STUDY WHICH FOCUSES ON LANDSLIDES ON STEEP SLOPES COMPOSED OF ROCK AND SOIL. CONVENTIONAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF INVASIVE IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION SUCH AS INCLINOMETERS PIEZOMETERS AND/OR ACCELEROMETERS TO MEASURE ROTATIONAL DISPLACEMENT GROUND WATER LEVELS (CONVERT TO PORE PRESSURE) AND THE CHANGE IN DISPLACEMENT RATES RESPECTIVELY. THE INSTALLATION OF THIS INSTRUMENT SUITE ALTHOUGH EXCEPTIONALLY USEFUL (E.G. INCLINOMETERS ALONE CAN MEASURE LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT DIRECTION MAGNITUDE RATE AND DEPTH) DOES HAVE SOME DOWNSIDES INCLUDING REQUIRING UPFRONT COST OF INSTALLATION AND CONTINUED UPKEEP OF THE INSTRUMENTS THE COMMON ACCIDENTAL IMPROPER INSTALLATION RESULTING IN THE UNDERACHIEVEMENT OF ACTUAL SLOPE MONITORING (STARK & CHOI 2008) AND ALTERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN AND ON TOP OF THE SLOPE. REGARDLESS MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN THE WAY OF IN SITU DATA ANALYSIS TOWARD LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FAILURE PREDICTION. FUKUZONO (1985) AND VOIGHT (1989B) DEVELOPED THE THEORY BETWEEN A MATERIAL S TIME OF FAILURE AND ITS STRAIN RATE. THE STRAIN RATE CAN BE CONVERTED TO AN INVERSE VELOCITY VALUE (WITH UNITS OF DAYS/M OF MOVEMENT FOR EXAMPLE). PLOTTING THE INVERSE VELOCITY EXHIBITED BY A MATERIAL OVER TIME CAN YIELD INTERESTING INFORMATION INCLUDING DEFORMATION MECHANISMS (E.G. BRITTLE DUCTILE) AND IF APPLICABLE PREDICTED TIME OF MATERIAL FAILURE. UNFORTUNATELY IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION IS COSTLY AND NOT PRACTICAL TO USE FOR COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND PREDICTION OF LARGE-SCALE LANDSLIDES. REMOTE SENSING (SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY) HAS PROVEN TO BE A NONINTRUSIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE OPTION FOR THE LONG-TERM MONITORING OF LANDSLIDES. EVEN WITH SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUES TOWARDS LANDSLIDE MONITORING THERE HAVE BEEN NO STUDIES UTILIZING THE SATELLITE DERIVED DATA TOWARD LANDSLIDE PREDICTION LIKE THAT OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS PLOTTED IN INVERSE VELOCITY-TIME SPACE AS DESCRIBED BY VOIGHT (1989A). THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR USING SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY TOWARD OVERALL LANDSLIDE LIFE-CYCLE MONITORING AND PREDICTION WHICH INCLUDES THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SLOPES THE CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSLIDES BY DEFORMATION TYPE (E.G. LINEAR VS. NONLINEAR BRITTLE VS. DUCTILE) AND THE PREDICTION OF SLOPE FAILURE BASED ON DEFORMATION TIME-SERIES PLOT (DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION) ANALYSES. THE PROPOSED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ADVANCES GOALS DESCRIBED IN THE NASA 2014 STRATEGIC PLAN: OBJECTIVE 2.2 WHICH AIMS TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH AS A SYSTEM TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND TO IMPROVE LIFE ON OUR PLANET BY APPLYING IN SITU SLOPE MONITORING PROCEDURES TOWARDS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN AN ATTEMPT TO MONITOR AND (HOPEFULLY) PREDICT TIME OF SLOPE FAILURE. ACCURATE WIDESPREAD MONITOR OF UNSTABLE SLOPES MAY ALLOW FOR FAILURE PREDICTION FORECASTS THAT WILL GIVE SCIENTISTS/ENGINEERS ADEQUATE TIME TO WARN THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF A POTENTIAL IMPENDING LANDSLIDE. REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THIS FASHION WILL AID IN NATURAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE (SCIENCE GOAL #6) WHICH IN TURN WILL PROVIDE A MAJOR BENEFIT TO SOCIETY (SCIENCE GOAL #7). $0 11/8/18 7 THE CONSEQUENCES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY (E.G., LANDSLIDES, ROCKFALLS, DEBRIS FLOWS) ARE SEVERE ACROSS THE WORLD. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ESTIMATES COST OF $3.5 BILLION DOLLAR ANNUALLY TO REPAIR SLOPE INSTABILITY DAMAGES IN US, 25-50 DEATHS ANNUALLY, REDUCED REAL ESTATE VALUES, LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY, AND DAMAGE TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS. A 2012 STUDY IN GEOLOGY FOUND THAT LOSS OF LIFE IS USUALLY UNDERESTIMATED AND BETWEEN 2004 AND 2010 A TOTAL OF 2,620 FATAL LANDSLIDES CAUSED 32,322 DEATHS GLOBALLY, WHICH IS AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN PREVIOUSLY CALCULATED (PETLEY 2012). THIS HAS LED RESEARCH INTO THE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FORECASTING, INCLUDING THIS PROPOSED STUDY WHICH FOCUSES ON LANDSLIDES ON STEEP SLOPES COMPOSED OF ROCK AND SOIL. CONVENTIONAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF INVASIVE, IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION SUCH AS INCLINOMETERS, PIEZOMETERS, AND/OR ACCELEROMETERS TO MEASURE ROTATIONAL DISPLACEMENT, GROUND WATER LEVELS (CONVERT TO PORE PRESSURE), AND THE CHANGE IN DISPLACEMENT RATES, RESPECTIVELY. THE INSTALLATION OF THIS INSTRUMENT SUITE, ALTHOUGH EXCEPTIONALLY USEFUL (E.G., INCLINOMETERS ALONE CAN MEASURE LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT DIRECTION, MAGNITUDE, RATE, AND DEPTH), DOES HAVE SOME DOWNSIDES, INCLUDING REQUIRING UPFRONT COST OF INSTALLATION AND CONTINUED UPKEEP OF THE INSTRUMENTS, THE COMMON ACCIDENTAL IMPROPER INSTALLATION RESULTING IN THE UNDERACHIEVEMENT OF ACTUAL SLOPE MONITORING (STARK & CHOI 2008), AND ALTERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN AND ON TOP OF THE SLOPE. REGARDLESS, MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN THE WAY OF IN SITU DATA ANALYSIS TOWARD LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FAILURE PREDICTION. FUKUZONO (1985) AND VOIGHT (1989B) DEVELOPED THE THEORY BETWEEN A MATERIAL S TIME OF FAILURE AND ITS STRAIN RATE. THE STRAIN RATE CAN BE CONVERTED TO AN INVERSE VELOCITY VALUE (WITH UNITS OF DAYS/M OF MOVEMENT, FOR EXAMPLE). PLOTTING THE INVERSE VELOCITY EXHIBITED BY A MATERIAL OVER TIME CAN YIELD INTERESTING INFORMATION, INCLUDING DEFORMATION MECHANISMS (E.G., BRITTLE, DUCTILE) AND, IF APPLICABLE, PREDICTED TIME OF MATERIAL FAILURE. UNFORTUNATELY, IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION IS COSTLY AND NOT PRACTICAL TO USE FOR COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND PREDICTION OF LARGE-SCALE LANDSLIDES. REMOTE SENSING (SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY) HAS PROVEN TO BE A NONINTRUSIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE OPTION FOR THE LONG-TERM MONITORING OF LANDSLIDES. EVEN WITH SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUES TOWARDS LANDSLIDE MONITORING, THERE HAVE BEEN NO STUDIES UTILIZING THE SATELLITE DERIVED DATA TOWARD LANDSLIDE PREDICTION, LIKE THAT OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS PLOTTED IN INVERSE VELOCITY-TIME SPACE, AS DESCRIBED BY VOIGHT (1989A). THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR USING SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY TOWARD OVERALL LANDSLIDE LIFE-CYCLE MONITORING AND PREDICTION, WHICH INCLUDES THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SLOPES, THE CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSLIDES BY DEFORMATION TYPE (E.G., LINEAR VS. NONLINEAR, BRITTLE VS. DUCTILE), AND THE PREDICTION OF SLOPE FAILURE BASED ON DEFORMATION TIME-SERIES PLOT (DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION) ANALYSES. THE PROPOSED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ADVANCES GOALS DESCRIBED IN THE NASA 2014 STRATEGIC PLAN: OBJECTIVE 2.2, WHICH AIMS TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH AS A SYSTEM TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, AND TO IMPROVE LIFE ON OUR PLANET BY APPLYING IN SITU SLOPE MONITORING PROCEDURES TOWARDS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN AN ATTEMPT TO MONITOR AND (HOPEFULLY) PREDICT TIME OF SLOPE FAILURE. ACCURATE, WIDESPREAD MONITOR OF UNSTABLE SLOPES MAY ALLOW FOR FAILURE PREDICTION FORECASTS THAT WILL GIVE SCIENTISTS/ENGINEERS ADEQUATE TIME TO WARN THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF A POTENTIAL IMPENDING LANDSLIDE. REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THIS FASHION WILL AID IN NATURAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE (SCIENCE GOAL #6) WHICH IN TURN WILL PROVIDE A MAJOR BENEFIT TO SOCIETY (SCIENCE GOAL #7). Funding Only Action $0 11/8/18 Not listed THE CONSEQUENCES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY (E.G. LANDSLIDES ROCKFALLS DEBRIS FLOWS) ARE SEVERE ACROSS THE WORLD. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ESTIMATES COST OF $3.5 BILLION DOLLAR ANNUALLY TO REPAIR SLOPE INSTABILITY DAMAGES IN US 25-50 DEATHS ANNUALLY REDUCED REAL ESTATE VALUES LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND DAMAGE TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS. A 2012 STUDY IN GEOLOGY FOUND THAT LOSS OF LIFE IS USUALLY UNDERESTIMATED AND BETWEEN 2004 AND 2010 A TOTAL OF 2 620 FATAL LANDSLIDES CAUSED 32 322 DEATHS GLOBALLY WHICH IS AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN PREVIOUSLY CALCULATED (PETLEY 2012). THIS HAS LED RESEARCH INTO THE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FORECASTING INCLUDING THIS PROPOSED STUDY WHICH FOCUSES ON LANDSLIDES ON STEEP SLOPES COMPOSED OF ROCK AND SOIL. CONVENTIONAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF INVASIVE IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION SUCH AS INCLINOMETERS PIEZOMETERS AND/OR ACCELEROMETERS TO MEASURE ROTATIONAL DISPLACEMENT GROUND WATER LEVELS (CONVERT TO PORE PRESSURE) AND THE CHANGE IN DISPLACEMENT RATES RESPECTIVELY. THE INSTALLATION OF THIS INSTRUMENT SUITE ALTHOUGH EXCEPTIONALLY USEFUL (E.G. INCLINOMETERS ALONE CAN MEASURE LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT DIRECTION MAGNITUDE RATE AND DEPTH) DOES HAVE SOME DOWNSIDES INCLUDING REQUIRING UPFRONT COST OF INSTALLATION AND CONTINUED UPKEEP OF THE INSTRUMENTS THE COMMON ACCIDENTAL IMPROPER INSTALLATION RESULTING IN THE UNDERACHIEVEMENT OF ACTUAL SLOPE MONITORING (STARK & CHOI 2008) AND ALTERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN AND ON TOP OF THE SLOPE. REGARDLESS MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN THE WAY OF IN SITU DATA ANALYSIS TOWARD LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FAILURE PREDICTION. FUKUZONO (1985) AND VOIGHT (1989B) DEVELOPED THE THEORY BETWEEN A MATERIAL S TIME OF FAILURE AND ITS STRAIN RATE. THE STRAIN RATE CAN BE CONVERTED TO AN INVERSE VELOCITY VALUE (WITH UNITS OF DAYS/M OF MOVEMENT FOR EXAMPLE). PLOTTING THE INVERSE VELOCITY EXHIBITED BY A MATERIAL OVER TIME CAN YIELD INTERESTING INFORMATION INCLUDING DEFORMATION MECHANISMS (E.G. BRITTLE DUCTILE) AND IF APPLICABLE PREDICTED TIME OF MATERIAL FAILURE. UNFORTUNATELY IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION IS COSTLY AND NOT PRACTICAL TO USE FOR COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND PREDICTION OF LARGE-SCALE LANDSLIDES. REMOTE SENSING (SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY) HAS PROVEN TO BE A NONINTRUSIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE OPTION FOR THE LONG-TERM MONITORING OF LANDSLIDES. EVEN WITH SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUES TOWARDS LANDSLIDE MONITORING THERE HAVE BEEN NO STUDIES UTILIZING THE SATELLITE DERIVED DATA TOWARD LANDSLIDE PREDICTION LIKE THAT OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS PLOTTED IN INVERSE VELOCITY-TIME SPACE AS DESCRIBED BY VOIGHT (1989A). THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR USING SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY TOWARD OVERALL LANDSLIDE LIFE-CYCLE MONITORING AND PREDICTION WHICH INCLUDES THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SLOPES THE CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSLIDES BY DEFORMATION TYPE (E.G. LINEAR VS. NONLINEAR BRITTLE VS. DUCTILE) AND THE PREDICTION OF SLOPE FAILURE BASED ON DEFORMATION TIME-SERIES PLOT (DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION) ANALYSES. THE PROPOSED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ADVANCES GOALS DESCRIBED IN THE NASA 2014 STRATEGIC PLAN: OBJECTIVE 2.2 WHICH AIMS TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH AS A SYSTEM TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND TO IMPROVE LIFE ON OUR PLANET BY APPLYING IN SITU SLOPE MONITORING PROCEDURES TOWARDS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN AN ATTEMPT TO MONITOR AND (HOPEFULLY) PREDICT TIME OF SLOPE FAILURE. ACCURATE WIDESPREAD MONITOR OF UNSTABLE SLOPES MAY ALLOW FOR FAILURE PREDICTION FORECASTS THAT WILL GIVE SCIENTISTS/ENGINEERS ADEQUATE TIME TO WARN THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF A POTENTIAL IMPENDING LANDSLIDE. REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THIS FASHION WILL AID IN NATURAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE (SCIENCE GOAL #6) WHICH IN TURN WILL PROVIDE A MAJOR BENEFIT TO SOCIETY (SCIENCE GOAL #7). $0 11/8/18 Not listed THE CONSEQUENCES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY (E.G. LANDSLIDES ROCKFALLS DEBRIS FLOWS) ARE SEVERE ACROSS THE WORLD. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ESTIMATES COST OF $3.5 BILLION DOLLAR ANNUALLY TO REPAIR SLOPE INSTABILITY DAMAGES IN US 25-50 DEATHS ANNUALLY REDUCED REAL ESTATE VALUES LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND DAMAGE TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS. A 2012 STUDY IN GEOLOGY FOUND THAT LOSS OF LIFE IS USUALLY UNDERESTIMATED AND BETWEEN 2004 AND 2010 A TOTAL OF 2 620 FATAL LANDSLIDES CAUSED 32 322 DEATHS GLOBALLY WHICH IS AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE GREATER THAN PREVIOUSLY CALCULATED (PETLEY 2012). THIS HAS LED RESEARCH INTO THE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FORECASTING INCLUDING THIS PROPOSED STUDY WHICH FOCUSES ON LANDSLIDES ON STEEP SLOPES COMPOSED OF ROCK AND SOIL. CONVENTIONAL MONITORING TECHNIQUES REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF INVASIVE IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION SUCH AS INCLINOMETERS PIEZOMETERS AND/OR ACCELEROMETERS TO MEASURE ROTATIONAL DISPLACEMENT GROUND WATER LEVELS (CONVERT TO PORE PRESSURE) AND THE CHANGE IN DISPLACEMENT RATES RESPECTIVELY. THE INSTALLATION OF THIS INSTRUMENT SUITE ALTHOUGH EXCEPTIONALLY USEFUL (E.G. INCLINOMETERS ALONE CAN MEASURE LANDSLIDE MOVEMENT DIRECTION MAGNITUDE RATE AND DEPTH) DOES HAVE SOME DOWNSIDES INCLUDING REQUIRING UPFRONT COST OF INSTALLATION AND CONTINUED UPKEEP OF THE INSTRUMENTS THE COMMON ACCIDENTAL IMPROPER INSTALLATION RESULTING IN THE UNDERACHIEVEMENT OF ACTUAL SLOPE MONITORING (STARK & CHOI 2008) AND ALTERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN AND ON TOP OF THE SLOPE. REGARDLESS MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN THE WAY OF IN SITU DATA ANALYSIS TOWARD LANDSLIDE MONITORING AND FAILURE PREDICTION. FUKUZONO (1985) AND VOIGHT (1989B) DEVELOPED THE THEORY BETWEEN A MATERIAL S TIME OF FAILURE AND ITS STRAIN RATE. THE STRAIN RATE CAN BE CONVERTED TO AN INVERSE VELOCITY VALUE (WITH UNITS OF DAYS/M OF MOVEMENT FOR EXAMPLE). PLOTTING THE INVERSE VELOCITY EXHIBITED BY A MATERIAL OVER TIME CAN YIELD INTERESTING INFORMATION INCLUDING DEFORMATION MECHANISMS (E.G. BRITTLE DUCTILE) AND IF APPLICABLE PREDICTED TIME OF MATERIAL FAILURE. UNFORTUNATELY IN SITU INSTRUMENTATION IS COSTLY AND NOT PRACTICAL TO USE FOR COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING AND PREDICTION OF LARGE-SCALE LANDSLIDES. REMOTE SENSING (SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY) HAS PROVEN TO BE A NONINTRUSIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE OPTION FOR THE LONG-TERM MONITORING OF LANDSLIDES. EVEN WITH SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUES TOWARDS LANDSLIDE MONITORING THERE HAVE BEEN NO STUDIES UTILIZING THE SATELLITE DERIVED DATA TOWARD LANDSLIDE PREDICTION LIKE THAT OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS PLOTTED IN INVERSE VELOCITY-TIME SPACE AS DESCRIBED BY VOIGHT (1989A). THE PROPOSED RESEARCH FOCUSES ON ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR USING SATELLITE-BASED OPTICAL AND RADAR IMAGERY TOWARD OVERALL LANDSLIDE LIFE-CYCLE MONITORING AND PREDICTION WHICH INCLUDES THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SLOPES THE CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSLIDES BY DEFORMATION TYPE (E.G. LINEAR VS. NONLINEAR BRITTLE VS. DUCTILE) AND THE PREDICTION OF SLOPE FAILURE BASED ON DEFORMATION TIME-SERIES PLOT (DISPLACEMENT VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION) ANALYSES. THE PROPOSED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ADVANCES GOALS DESCRIBED IN THE NASA 2014 STRATEGIC PLAN: OBJECTIVE 2.2 WHICH AIMS TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE OF EARTH AS A SYSTEM TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND TO IMPROVE LIFE ON OUR PLANET BY APPLYING IN SITU SLOPE MONITORING PROCEDURES TOWARDS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN AN ATTEMPT TO MONITOR AND (HOPEFULLY) PREDICT TIME OF SLOPE FAILURE. ACCURATE WIDESPREAD MONITOR OF UNSTABLE SLOPES MAY ALLOW FOR FAILURE PREDICTION FORECASTS THAT WILL GIVE SCIENTISTS/ENGINEERS ADEQUATE TIME TO WARN THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF A POTENTIAL IMPENDING LANDSLIDE. REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THIS FASHION WILL AID IN NATURAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE (SCIENCE GOAL #6) WHICH IN TURN WILL PROVIDE A MAJOR BENEFIT TO SOCIETY (SCIENCE GOAL #7). $0 8/23/18