8 INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON LUNAR INFRARED SPECTRA AN UNDERSTANDING OF LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON EMITTED RADIANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE RETRIEVAL OF INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES. THERMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MEASURED LUNAR RADIANCE ARE PRESENT WAVELENGTHS GREATER THAN ~2 MICRONS AND MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN ORDER TO INTERPRET ANY SPECTRAL FEATURES PRESENT IN THE EMITTED RADIANCE WAVELENGTH REGION. ANISOTHERMALITY DUE TO SURFACE ROUGHNESS CAN BE PERVASIVE IN THESE DATASETS, COMPLICATING AND HINDERING THE INTERPRETATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH DATASETS. AS A RESULT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS, NIR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DERIVATION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES COMMONLY SHOW BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES THAT ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE MEASUREMENT FIELD OF VIEW. IN ADDITION, THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE WILL NOT BE CONSTANT WITH RESPECT TO WAVELENGTH EVEN WITHIN LIMITED SPECTRAL RANGES. PROPERLY ACCOUNTING FOR ANISOTHERMALITY AND CORRECTING FOR THIS EMITTED RADIANCE IS CRUCIAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ~3 MICRON OH- AND H2O ABSORPTIONS. CURRENT EMITTED RADIANCE CORRECTIONS ASSUME AN ISOTHERMAL SURFACE AND/OR A PREDICTIVE SPECTRAL CONTINUUM, LEADING TO A SIGNIFICANT UNDERESTIMATION OF THE EMITTED RADIANCE. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DEVELOP A LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE RANGE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND EMITTED RADIANCE AT ALL WAVELENGTHS. THIS MODEL WILL BE USED, ALONG WITH M3 AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER DIVINER SPECTRAL DATA, TO IMPROVE INTERPRETATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE COMPOSITIONS. THE IMPROVED THERMAL CORRECTION FOR LUNAR DATASETS WILL LEAD TO A SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 3 MICRON H2O/OH- FEATURE. POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS WILL BE IDENTIFIED THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE H2O/OH- ABSORPTIONS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM (LDAP), WHICH SUPPORTS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MOON USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE (RELEASED) DATA, INCLUDING M3 AND DIVINER. THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES PROPOSED HERE INCLUDE SEVERAL LDAP SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES, INCLUDING IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, TRANSPORT, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILES IN AND ON THE MOON, AND IDENTIFICATION/CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNAR MINERALOGY AS A FUNCTION OF LOCATION AND DEPTH. Funding Only Action ($9k) 4/28/22 Not listed INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON LUNAR INFRARED SPECTRAAN UNDERSTANDING OF LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON EMITTED RADIANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE RETRIEVAL OF INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES. THERMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MEASURED LUNAR RADIANCE ARE PRESENT WAVELENGTHS GREATER THAN ~2 MICRONS AND MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN ORDER TO INTERPRET ANY SPECTRAL FEATURES PRESENT IN THE EMITTED RADIANCE WAVELENGTH REGION. ANISOTHERMALITY DUE TOSURFACE ROUGHNESS CAN BE PERVASIVE IN THESE DATASETS COMPLICATING AND HINDERING THE INTERPRETATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH DATASETS. AS A RESULT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS NIR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DERIVATION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES COMMONLY SHOW BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES THAT ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE MEASUREMENT FIELD OF VIEW. IN ADDITION THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE WILL NOT BE CONSTANT WITH RESPECT TO WAVELENGTH EVEN WITHIN LIMITED SPECTRAL RANGES. PROPERLY ACCOUNTING FORANISOTHERMALITY AND CORRECTING FOR THIS EMITTED RADIANCE IS CRUCIAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ~3 MICRON OH- AND H2O ABSORPTIONS.CURRENT EMITTED RADIANCE CORRECTIONS ASSUME AN ISOTHERMAL SURFACE AND/OR A PREDICTIVE SPECTRAL CONTINUUM LEADING TO A SIGNIFICANT UNDERESTIMATION OF THE EMITTED RADIANCE. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DEVELOP A LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE RANGE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND EMITTED RADIANCE AT ALL WAVELENGTHS. THIS MODEL WILL BE USED ALONG WITH M3 AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER DIVINER SPECTRAL DATA TO IMPROVE INTERPRETATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE COMPOSITIONS. THE IMPROVED THERMALCORRECTION FOR LUNAR DATASETS WILL LEAD TO A SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 3 MICRON H2O/OH- FEATURE. POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS WILL BE IDENTIFIED THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE H2O/OH- ABSORPTIONS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM (LDAP) WHICH SUPPORTS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OFTHE MOON USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE (RELEASED) DATA INCLUDING M3 AND DIVINER. THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES PROPOSED HERE INCLUDE SEVERAL LDAP SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES INCLUDING IDENTIFICATION DISTRIBUTION TRANSPORT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILES IN AND ON THE MOON ANDIDENTIFICATION/CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNAR MINERALOGY AS A FUNCTION OF LOCATION AND DEPTH. ($9k) 4/28/22 Not listed INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON LUNAR INFRARED SPECTRAAN UNDERSTANDING OF LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON EMITTED RADIANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE RETRIEVAL OF INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES. THERMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MEASURED LUNAR RADIANCE ARE PRESENT WAVELENGTHS GREATER THAN ~2 MICRONS AND MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN ORDER TO INTERPRET ANY SPECTRAL FEATURES PRESENT IN THE EMITTED RADIANCE WAVELENGTH REGION. ANISOTHERMALITY DUE TOSURFACE ROUGHNESS CAN BE PERVASIVE IN THESE DATASETS COMPLICATING AND HINDERING THE INTERPRETATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH DATASETS. AS A RESULT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS NIR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DERIVATION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES COMMONLY SHOW BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES THAT ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE MEASUREMENT FIELD OF VIEW. IN ADDITION THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE WILL NOT BE CONSTANT WITH RESPECT TO WAVELENGTH EVEN WITHIN LIMITED SPECTRAL RANGES. PROPERLY ACCOUNTING FORANISOTHERMALITY AND CORRECTING FOR THIS EMITTED RADIANCE IS CRUCIAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ~3 MICRON OH- AND H2O ABSORPTIONS.CURRENT EMITTED RADIANCE CORRECTIONS ASSUME AN ISOTHERMAL SURFACE AND/OR A PREDICTIVE SPECTRAL CONTINUUM LEADING TO A SIGNIFICANT UNDERESTIMATION OF THE EMITTED RADIANCE. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DEVELOP A LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE RANGE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND EMITTED RADIANCE AT ALL WAVELENGTHS. THIS MODEL WILL BE USED ALONG WITH M3 AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER DIVINER SPECTRAL DATA TO IMPROVE INTERPRETATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE COMPOSITIONS. THE IMPROVED THERMALCORRECTION FOR LUNAR DATASETS WILL LEAD TO A SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 3 MICRON H2O/OH- FEATURE. POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS WILL BE IDENTIFIED THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE H2O/OH- ABSORPTIONS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM (LDAP) WHICH SUPPORTS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OFTHE MOON USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE (RELEASED) DATA INCLUDING M3 AND DIVINER. THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES PROPOSED HERE INCLUDE SEVERAL LDAP SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES INCLUDING IDENTIFICATION DISTRIBUTION TRANSPORT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILES IN AND ON THE MOON ANDIDENTIFICATION/CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNAR MINERALOGY AS A FUNCTION OF LOCATION AND DEPTH. $0 7/15/20 7 INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON LUNAR INFRARED SPECTRA AN UNDERSTANDING OF LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON EMITTED RADIANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE RETRIEVAL OF INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES. THERMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MEASURED LUNAR RADIANCE ARE PRESENT WAVELENGTHS GREATER THAN ~2 MICRONS AND MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN ORDER TO INTERPRET ANY SPECTRAL FEATURES PRESENT IN THE EMITTED RADIANCE WAVELENGTH REGION. ANISOTHERMALITY DUE TO SURFACE ROUGHNESS CAN BE PERVASIVE IN THESE DATASETS, COMPLICATING AND HINDERING THE INTERPRETATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH DATASETS. AS A RESULT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS, NIR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DERIVATION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES COMMONLY SHOW BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES THAT ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE MEASUREMENT FIELD OF VIEW. IN ADDITION, THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE WILL NOT BE CONSTANT WITH RESPECT TO WAVELENGTH EVEN WITHIN LIMITED SPECTRAL RANGES. PROPERLY ACCOUNTING FOR ANISOTHERMALITY AND CORRECTING FOR THIS EMITTED RADIANCE IS CRUCIAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ~3 MICRON OH- AND H2O ABSORPTIONS. CURRENT EMITTED RADIANCE CORRECTIONS ASSUME AN ISOTHERMAL SURFACE AND/OR A PREDICTIVE SPECTRAL CONTINUUM, LEADING TO A SIGNIFICANT UNDERESTIMATION OF THE EMITTED RADIANCE. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DEVELOP A LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE RANGE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND EMITTED RADIANCE AT ALL WAVELENGTHS. THIS MODEL WILL BE USED, ALONG WITH M3 AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER DIVINER SPECTRAL DATA, TO IMPROVE INTERPRETATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE COMPOSITIONS. THE IMPROVED THERMAL CORRECTION FOR LUNAR DATASETS WILL LEAD TO A SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 3 MICRON H2O/OH- FEATURE. POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS WILL BE IDENTIFIED THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE H2O/OH- ABSORPTIONS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM (LDAP), WHICH SUPPORTS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MOON USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE (RELEASED) DATA, INCLUDING M3 AND DIVINER. THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES PROPOSED HERE INCLUDE SEVERAL LDAP SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES, INCLUDING IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, TRANSPORT, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILES IN AND ON THE MOON, AND IDENTIFICATION/CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNAR MINERALOGY AS A FUNCTION OF LOCATION AND DEPTH. Other Administrative Action $0 7/15/20 6 INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON LUNAR INFRARED SPECTRA AN UNDERSTANDING OF LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON EMITTED RADIANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE RETRIEVAL OF INFRARED SPECTRAL PROPERTIES. THERMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MEASURED LUNAR RADIANCE ARE PRESENT WAVELENGTHS GREATER THAN ~2 MICRONS AND MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN ORDER TO INTERPRET ANY SPECTRAL FEATURES PRESENT IN THE EMITTED RADIANCE WAVELENGTH REGION. ANISOTHERMALITY DUE TO SURFACE ROUGHNESS CAN BE PERVASIVE IN THESE DATASETS, COMPLICATING AND HINDERING THE INTERPRETATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH DATASETS. AS A RESULT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS, NIR MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DERIVATION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES COMMONLY SHOW BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES THAT ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE MEASUREMENT FIELD OF VIEW. IN ADDITION, THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE WILL NOT BE CONSTANT WITH RESPECT TO WAVELENGTH EVEN WITHIN LIMITED SPECTRAL RANGES. PROPERLY ACCOUNTING FOR ANISOTHERMALITY AND CORRECTING FOR THIS EMITTED RADIANCE IS CRUCIAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ~3 MICRON OH- AND H2O ABSORPTIONS. CURRENT EMITTED RADIANCE CORRECTIONS ASSUME AN ISOTHERMAL SURFACE AND/OR A PREDICTIVE SPECTRAL CONTINUUM, LEADING TO A SIGNIFICANT UNDERESTIMATION OF THE EMITTED RADIANCE. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DEVELOP A LUNAR SURFACE ROUGHNESS THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE RANGE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND EMITTED RADIANCE AT ALL WAVELENGTHS. THIS MODEL WILL BE USED, ALONG WITH M3 AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER DIVINER SPECTRAL DATA, TO IMPROVE INTERPRETATIONS OF LUNAR SURFACE COMPOSITIONS. THE IMPROVED THERMAL CORRECTION FOR LUNAR DATASETS WILL LEAD TO A SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 3 MICRON H2O/OH- FEATURE. POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS WILL BE IDENTIFIED THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE H2O/OH- ABSORPTIONS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM (LDAP), WHICH SUPPORTS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MOON USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE (RELEASED) DATA, INCLUDING M3 AND DIVINER. THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES PROPOSED HERE INCLUDE SEVERAL LDAP SCIENTIFIC PRIORITIES, INCLUDING IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, TRANSPORT, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILES IN AND ON THE MOON, AND IDENTIFICATION/CHARACTERIZATION OF LUNAR MINERALOGY AS A FUNCTION OF LOCATION AND DEPTH. Funding Only Action $0 9/9/19