6 LIKE ANY SATELLITE ALTIMETER MISSION, SWOT WILL REQUIRE MODELS THAT CAN PREDICT AND REMOVE FROM THE DATA THE GENERALLY DOMINANT OCEAN TIDE SIGNALS. THE UNIQUE OBJECTIVES OF SWOT PLACE CHALLENGING NEW DEMANDS ON THESE MODELS. WHILE DEEP-OCEAN BAROTROPIC MODELS BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF PLUS OR MINUS 66DEGREES ARE ACCURATE, THANKS TO 23 YEARS OF TRADITIONAL HIGH-PRECISION ALTIMETRY, BAROTROPIC MODELS IN HIGH LATITUDES AND IN SHALLOW SEAS AND ESTUARIES ARE OFTEN NOT. MOREOVER, THE SWOT SUBMESOSCALE OBJECTIVES REQUIRE MODELS OF LOW-MODE BAROCLINIC TIDES THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL OCEAN. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP SUCH MODELS. RECENT WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS ALREADY LED TO SOME PRELIMINARY MODELS OF GLOBAL STATIONARY BAROCLINIC TIDES. TWO MAIN APPROACHES HAVE BEEN TAKEN AND WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP THESE FURTHER. ONE IS A STRICTLY EMPIRICAL MAPPING APPROACH AND THE SECOND IS A DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH THAT EXPLOITS THE OREGON STATE INVERSION SOFTWARE (OTIS) RUNNING IN A REDUCED-GRAVITY MODE. BOTH APPROACHES WILL IMPROVE AS MORE ALTIMETER DATA ARE INCORPORATED, AND WE ANTICIPATE USEFUL NEW DATA FROM THE UPCOMING SENTINEL-3 MISSIONS. AS MODELS ARE DEVELOPED THEY WILL NEED TO BE ASSESSED AND COMPARED, AND WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR DOING THIS BASED ON INDEPENDENT DATA FROM THE CRYOSAT-2 MISSION AND THE JASON-1 GEODETIC MISSION. WE WILL ALSO EXPLOIT OUR CURRENT SUPPORT THROUGH THE OSTST TO STUDY THE PROBLEM OF NON-STATIONARY TIDES, ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEMS FOR SWOT AND TAKING APPROACHES TO ADDRESS THEM, E.G., BY INCORPORATING SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN REGIONS SUCH AS THE SOUTH CHINA SEAS AND OTHER AREAS WHERE IT IS FOUND TO BE IMPORTANT. FOR COASTAL MODELS WE PROPOSE TO CONCENTRATE ON SEVERAL LOCAL AREAS THAT WILL BE OVERFLOWN DURING THE SWOT 1-DAY MAPPING PHASE. CLOSE COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL GROUPS, ESPECIALLY THE CNES TIDAL GROUP, WILL ALLOW US TO AVOID DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS AND SHARING OF DATASETS, WHICH IS ESPECIALLY CRITICAL FOR BATHYMETRY. WE ENVISION DEVELOPING A COMPLEX SET OF NESTED MODELS TO PRODUCE THE MOST ACCURATE CORRECTIONS IN SHALLOW SEAS AND NEAR-COASTAL WATERS. Funding Only Action ($45k) 7/22/21 Not listed LIKE ANY SATELLITE ALTIMETER MISSION SWOT WILL REQUIRE MODELS THAT CAN PREDICT AND REMOVE FROM THE DATA THE GENERALLY DOMINANT OCEAN TIDE SIGNALS. THE UNIQUE OBJECTIVES OF SWOT PLACE CHALLENGING NEW DEMANDS ON THESE MODELS. WHILE DEEP-OCEAN BAROTROPIC MODELS BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF PLUS OR MINUS 66DEGREES ARE ACCURATE THANKS TO 23 YEARS OF TRADITIONAL HIGH-PRECISION ALTIMETRY BAROTROPIC MODELS IN HIGH LATITUDES AND IN SHALLOW SEAS AND ESTUARIES ARE OFTEN NOT. MOREOVER THE SWOT SUBMESOSCALE OBJECTIVES REQUIRE MODELS OF LOW-MODE BAROCLINIC TIDES THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL OCEAN. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP SUCH MODELS.RECENT WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS ALREADY LED TO SOME PRELIMINARY MODELS OF GLOBAL STATIONARY BAROCLINIC TIDES. TWO MAIN APPROACHES HAVE BEEN TAKEN AND WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP THESE FURTHER. ONE IS A STRICTLY EMPIRICAL MAPPING APPROACH AND THE SECOND IS A DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH THAT EXPLOITS THE OREGON STATE INVERSION SOFTWARE (OTIS) RUNNING IN A REDUCED-GRAVITY MODE. BOTH APPROACHES WILL IMPROVE AS MORE ALTIMETER DATA ARE INCORPORATED AND WE ANTICIPATE USEFUL NEW DATA FROM THE UPCOMING SENTINEL-3 MISSIONS. AS MODELS ARE DEVELOPED THEY WILL NEED TO BE ASSESSED AND COMPARED AND WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR DOING THIS BASED ON INDEPENDENT DATA FROM THE CRYOSAT-2 MISSION AND THE JASON-1 GEODETIC MISSION. WE WILL ALSO EXPLOIT OUR CURRENT SUPPORT THROUGH THE OSTST TO STUDY THE PROBLEM OF NON-STATIONARY TIDES ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEMS FOR SWOT AND TAKING APPROACHES TO ADDRESS THEM E.G. BY INCORPORATING SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN REGIONS SUCH AS THE SOUTH CHINA SEAS AND OTHER AREAS WHERE IT IS FOUND TO BE IMPORTANT.FOR COASTAL MODELS WE PROPOSE TO CONCENTRATE ON SEVERAL LOCAL AREAS THAT WILL BE OVERFLOWN DURING THE SWOT 1-DAY MAPPING PHASE. CLOSE COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL GROUPS ESPECIALLY THE CNES TIDAL GROUP WILL ALLOW US TO AVOID DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS AND SHARING OF DATASETS WHICH IS ESPECIALLY CRITICAL FOR BATHYMETRY. WE ENVISION DEVELOPING A COMPLEX SET OF NESTED MODELS TO PRODUCE THE MOST ACCURATE CORRECTIONS IN SHALLOW SEAS AND NEAR-COASTAL WATERS. ($45k) 7/22/21 Not listed LIKE ANY SATELLITE ALTIMETER MISSION SWOT WILL REQUIRE MODELS THAT CAN PREDICT AND REMOVE FROM THE DATA THE GENERALLY DOMINANT OCEAN TIDE SIGNALS. THE UNIQUE OBJECTIVES OF SWOT PLACE CHALLENGING NEW DEMANDS ON THESE MODELS. WHILE DEEP-OCEAN BAROTROPIC MODELS BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF PLUS OR MINUS 66DEGREES ARE ACCURATE THANKS TO 23 YEARS OF TRADITIONAL HIGH-PRECISION ALTIMETRY BAROTROPIC MODELS IN HIGH LATITUDES AND IN SHALLOW SEAS AND ESTUARIES ARE OFTEN NOT. MOREOVER THE SWOT SUBMESOSCALE OBJECTIVES REQUIRE MODELS OF LOW-MODE BAROCLINIC TIDES THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL OCEAN. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP SUCH MODELS.RECENT WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS ALREADY LED TO SOME PRELIMINARY MODELS OF GLOBAL STATIONARY BAROCLINIC TIDES. TWO MAIN APPROACHES HAVE BEEN TAKEN AND WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP THESE FURTHER. ONE IS A STRICTLY EMPIRICAL MAPPING APPROACH AND THE SECOND IS A DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH THAT EXPLOITS THE OREGON STATE INVERSION SOFTWARE (OTIS) RUNNING IN A REDUCED-GRAVITY MODE. BOTH APPROACHES WILL IMPROVE AS MORE ALTIMETER DATA ARE INCORPORATED AND WE ANTICIPATE USEFUL NEW DATA FROM THE UPCOMING SENTINEL-3 MISSIONS. AS MODELS ARE DEVELOPED THEY WILL NEED TO BE ASSESSED AND COMPARED AND WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR DOING THIS BASED ON INDEPENDENT DATA FROM THE CRYOSAT-2 MISSION AND THE JASON-1 GEODETIC MISSION. WE WILL ALSO EXPLOIT OUR CURRENT SUPPORT THROUGH THE OSTST TO STUDY THE PROBLEM OF NON-STATIONARY TIDES ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEMS FOR SWOT AND TAKING APPROACHES TO ADDRESS THEM E.G. BY INCORPORATING SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN REGIONS SUCH AS THE SOUTH CHINA SEAS AND OTHER AREAS WHERE IT IS FOUND TO BE IMPORTANT.FOR COASTAL MODELS WE PROPOSE TO CONCENTRATE ON SEVERAL LOCAL AREAS THAT WILL BE OVERFLOWN DURING THE SWOT 1-DAY MAPPING PHASE. CLOSE COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL GROUPS ESPECIALLY THE CNES TIDAL GROUP WILL ALLOW US TO AVOID DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS AND SHARING OF DATASETS WHICH IS ESPECIALLY CRITICAL FOR BATHYMETRY. WE ENVISION DEVELOPING A COMPLEX SET OF NESTED MODELS TO PRODUCE THE MOST ACCURATE CORRECTIONS IN SHALLOW SEAS AND NEAR-COASTAL WATERS. $32.3k 5/4/20 5 LIKE ANY SATELLITE ALTIMETER MISSION, SWOT WILL REQUIRE MODELS THAT CAN PREDICT AND REMOVE FROM THE DATA THE GENERALLY DOMINANT OCEAN TIDE SIGNALS. THE UNIQUE OBJECTIVES OF SWOT PLACE CHALLENGING NEW DEMANDS ON THESE MODELS. WHILE DEEP-OCEAN BAROTROPIC MODELS BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF PLUS OR MINUS 66DEGREES ARE ACCURATE, THANKS TO 23 YEARS OF TRADITIONAL HIGH-PRECISION ALTIMETRY, BAROTROPIC MODELS IN HIGH LATITUDES AND IN SHALLOW SEAS AND ESTUARIES ARE OFTEN NOT. MOREOVER, THE SWOT SUBMESOSCALE OBJECTIVES REQUIRE MODELS OF LOW-MODE BAROCLINIC TIDES THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL OCEAN. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP SUCH MODELS. RECENT WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS ALREADY LED TO SOME PRELIMINARY MODELS OF GLOBAL STATIONARY BAROCLINIC TIDES. TWO MAIN APPROACHES HAVE BEEN TAKEN AND WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP THESE FURTHER. ONE IS A STRICTLY EMPIRICAL MAPPING APPROACH AND THE SECOND IS A DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH THAT EXPLOITS THE OREGON STATE INVERSION SOFTWARE (OTIS) RUNNING IN A REDUCED-GRAVITY MODE. BOTH APPROACHES WILL IMPROVE AS MORE ALTIMETER DATA ARE INCORPORATED, AND WE ANTICIPATE USEFUL NEW DATA FROM THE UPCOMING SENTINEL-3 MISSIONS. AS MODELS ARE DEVELOPED THEY WILL NEED TO BE ASSESSED AND COMPARED, AND WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR DOING THIS BASED ON INDEPENDENT DATA FROM THE CRYOSAT-2 MISSION AND THE JASON-1 GEODETIC MISSION. WE WILL ALSO EXPLOIT OUR CURRENT SUPPORT THROUGH THE OSTST TO STUDY THE PROBLEM OF NON-STATIONARY TIDES, ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEMS FOR SWOT AND TAKING APPROACHES TO ADDRESS THEM, E.G., BY INCORPORATING SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN REGIONS SUCH AS THE SOUTH CHINA SEAS AND OTHER AREAS WHERE IT IS FOUND TO BE IMPORTANT. FOR COASTAL MODELS WE PROPOSE TO CONCENTRATE ON SEVERAL LOCAL AREAS THAT WILL BE OVERFLOWN DURING THE SWOT 1-DAY MAPPING PHASE. CLOSE COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL GROUPS, ESPECIALLY THE CNES TIDAL GROUP, WILL ALLOW US TO AVOID DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS AND SHARING OF DATASETS, WHICH IS ESPECIALLY CRITICAL FOR BATHYMETRY. WE ENVISION DEVELOPING A COMPLEX SET OF NESTED MODELS TO PRODUCE THE MOST ACCURATE CORRECTIONS IN SHALLOW SEAS AND NEAR-COASTAL WATERS. Funding Only Action $32.3k 5/4/20 4 LIKE ANY SATELLITE ALTIMETER MISSION, SWOT WILL REQUIRE MODELS THAT CAN PREDICT AND REMOVE FROM THE DATA THE GENERALLY DOMINANT OCEAN TIDE SIGNALS. THE UNIQUE OBJECTIVES OF SWOT PLACE CHALLENGING NEW DEMANDS ON THESE MODELS. WHILE DEEP-OCEAN BAROTROPIC MODELS BETWEEN THE LATITUDES OF PLUS OR MINUS 66DEGREES ARE ACCURATE, THANKS TO 23 YEARS OF TRADITIONAL HIGH-PRECISION ALTIMETRY, BAROTROPIC MODELS IN HIGH LATITUDES AND IN SHALLOW SEAS AND ESTUARIES ARE OFTEN NOT. MOREOVER, THE SWOT SUBMESOSCALE OBJECTIVES REQUIRE MODELS OF LOW-MODE BAROCLINIC TIDES THROUGHOUT THE GLOBAL OCEAN. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP SUCH MODELS. RECENT WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS ALREADY LED TO SOME PRELIMINARY MODELS OF GLOBAL STATIONARY BAROCLINIC TIDES. TWO MAIN APPROACHES HAVE BEEN TAKEN AND WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP THESE FURTHER. ONE IS A STRICTLY EMPIRICAL MAPPING APPROACH AND THE SECOND IS A DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH THAT EXPLOITS THE OREGON STATE INVERSION SOFTWARE (OTIS) RUNNING IN A REDUCED-GRAVITY MODE. BOTH APPROACHES WILL IMPROVE AS MORE ALTIMETER DATA ARE INCORPORATED, AND WE ANTICIPATE USEFUL NEW DATA FROM THE UPCOMING SENTINEL-3 MISSIONS. AS MODELS ARE DEVELOPED THEY WILL NEED TO BE ASSESSED AND COMPARED, AND WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOPED A METHOD FOR DOING THIS BASED ON INDEPENDENT DATA FROM THE CRYOSAT-2 MISSION AND THE JASON-1 GEODETIC MISSION. WE WILL ALSO EXPLOIT OUR CURRENT SUPPORT THROUGH THE OSTST TO STUDY THE PROBLEM OF NON-STATIONARY TIDES, ASSESSING THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEMS FOR SWOT AND TAKING APPROACHES TO ADDRESS THEM, E.G., BY INCORPORATING SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN REGIONS SUCH AS THE SOUTH CHINA SEAS AND OTHER AREAS WHERE IT IS FOUND TO BE IMPORTANT. FOR COASTAL MODELS WE PROPOSE TO CONCENTRATE ON SEVERAL LOCAL AREAS THAT WILL BE OVERFLOWN DURING THE SWOT 1-DAY MAPPING PHASE. CLOSE COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL GROUPS, ESPECIALLY THE CNES TIDAL GROUP, WILL ALLOW US TO AVOID DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS AND SHARING OF DATASETS, WHICH IS ESPECIALLY CRITICAL FOR BATHYMETRY. WE ENVISION DEVELOPING A COMPLEX SET OF NESTED MODELS TO PRODUCE THE MOST ACCURATE CORRECTIONS IN SHALLOW SEAS AND NEAR-COASTAL WATERS. Funding Only Action $40.0k 6/29/19