Not listed WITH THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF GRACE AND PLANNED LAUNCH OF THE CONTINUITY MISSION GRACE FOLLOW-ON (GFO) WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY TWO IMPORTANT CURRENT SYSTEMS WHOSE VARIABILITY ON DECADAL-SCALES AND LONGER ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN: THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT (ACC) AND THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC). BOTH CONTRIBUTE IMPORTANTLY TO REGULATING THE EARTH S CLIMATE AND IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW THEY WILL CHANGE IN A WARMING CLIMATE. ALTHOUGH AVAILABLE GRACE DATA ARE USABLE TO QUANTIFY INTEGRATED TRANSPORT OF THE ACC BETWEEN OCEANIC FRONTS SEPARATED BY A DISTANCE OF GREATER THAN 1000 KM THEY CANNOT BE USED TO ESTIMATE TRANSPORT AT SMALLER SPATIAL SCALES WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO SEPARATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FRONTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE MEAN TRANSPORT OF THE ACC. THE AMOC VARIABILITY IS CURRENTLY UNMEASUREABLE BY GRACE EVEN THOUGH THERE IS A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP TO OCEAN BOTTOM PRESSURE VARIABILITY ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EASTERN CONTINENTAL. THIS IS DUE TO THE SMALL AMPLITUDE OF THE SIGNAL IN RELATION TO LEAKED LAND HYDROLOGY ITS WIDTH (~ 100 KM) AND ITS NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION. HOWEVER WITH CAREFUL REANALYSIS OF CURRENT GRACE DATA COMBINED WITH FUTURE GRACE-FO DATA WE BELIEVE WE CAN DETECT BOTH THE AMOC VARIABILITY AND ACC TRANSPORT FLUCTUATIONS OVER SMALLER SCALES. WE WILL DO THIS BY ESTIMATING NEW MULTI-MONTH GLOBAL GRAVITY SOLUTIONS TO HIGHER DEGREES/ORDERS AND UTILIZING A LEAST SQUARES INVERSE METHOD BASED ON USING PATTERNS OF CORRELATED OCEAN AND LAND HYDROLOGY VARIABILITY TO SEPARATE OCEAN AND LAND SIGNALS BETTER THAN CURRENT MAPPING METHODS. THESE NEW ANALYSES WILL BE STUDIED TO QUANTIFY INTERANNUAL TO DECADAL CHANGES IN THE TRANSPORT OF THE ACC AND AMOC. ($12k) 3/11/21 5 WITH THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF GRACE AND PLANNED LAUNCH OF THE CONTINUITY MISSION GRACE FOLLOW-ON (GFO), WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY TWO IMPORTANT CURRENT SYSTEMS, WHOSE VARIABILITY ON DECADAL-SCALES AND LONGER ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN: THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT (ACC), AND THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC). BOTH CONTRIBUTE IMPORTANTLY TO REGULATING THE EARTH S CLIMATE, AND IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW THEY WILL CHANGE IN A WARMING CLIMATE. ALTHOUGH AVAILABLE GRACE DATA ARE USABLE TO QUANTIFY INTEGRATED TRANSPORT OF THE ACC BETWEEN OCEANIC FRONTS SEPARATED BY A DISTANCE OF GREATER THAN 1000 KM, THEY CANNOT BE USED TO ESTIMATE TRANSPORT AT SMALLER SPATIAL SCALES, WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO SEPARATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FRONTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE MEAN TRANSPORT OF THE ACC. THE AMOC VARIABILITY IS CURRENTLY UNMEASUREABLE BY GRACE, EVEN THOUGH THERE IS A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP TO OCEAN BOTTOM PRESSURE VARIABILITY ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EASTERN CONTINENTAL. THIS IS DUE TO THE SMALL AMPLITUDE OF THE SIGNAL IN RELATION TO LEAKED LAND HYDROLOGY, ITS WIDTH (~ 100 KM), AND ITS NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION. HOWEVER, WITH CAREFUL REANALYSIS OF CURRENT GRACE DATA, COMBINED WITH FUTURE GRACE-FO DATA, WE BELIEVE WE CAN DETECT BOTH THE AMOC VARIABILITY AND ACC TRANSPORT FLUCTUATIONS OVER SMALLER SCALES. WE WILL DO THIS BY ESTIMATING NEW MULTI-MONTH GLOBAL GRAVITY SOLUTIONS TO HIGHER DEGREES/ORDERS AND UTILIZING A LEAST SQUARES INVERSE METHOD BASED ON USING PATTERNS OF CORRELATED OCEAN AND LAND HYDROLOGY VARIABILITY TO SEPARATE OCEAN AND LAND SIGNALS BETTER THAN CURRENT MAPPING METHODS. THESE NEW ANALYSES WILL BE STUDIED TO QUANTIFY INTERANNUAL TO DECADAL CHANGES IN THE TRANSPORT OF THE ACC AND AMOC. Funding Only Action ($12k) 3/11/21 4 WITH THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF GRACE AND PLANNED LAUNCH OF THE CONTINUITY MISSION GRACE FOLLOW-ON (GFO), WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY TWO IMPORTANT CURRENT SYSTEMS, WHOSE VARIABILITY ON DECADAL-SCALES AND LONGER ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN: THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT (ACC), AND THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC). BOTH CONTRIBUTE IMPORTANTLY TO REGULATING THE EARTH S CLIMATE, AND IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW THEY WILL CHANGE IN A WARMING CLIMATE. ALTHOUGH AVAILABLE GRACE DATA ARE USABLE TO QUANTIFY INTEGRATED TRANSPORT OF THE ACC BETWEEN OCEANIC FRONTS SEPARATED BY A DISTANCE OF GREATER THAN 1000 KM, THEY CANNOT BE USED TO ESTIMATE TRANSPORT AT SMALLER SPATIAL SCALES, WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO SEPARATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FRONTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE MEAN TRANSPORT OF THE ACC. THE AMOC VARIABILITY IS CURRENTLY UNMEASUREABLE BY GRACE, EVEN THOUGH THERE IS A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP TO OCEAN BOTTOM PRESSURE VARIABILITY ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EASTERN CONTINENTAL. THIS IS DUE TO THE SMALL AMPLITUDE OF THE SIGNAL IN RELATION TO LEAKED LAND HYDROLOGY, ITS WIDTH (~ 100 KM), AND ITS NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION. HOWEVER, WITH CAREFUL REANALYSIS OF CURRENT GRACE DATA, COMBINED WITH FUTURE GRACE-FO DATA, WE BELIEVE WE CAN DETECT BOTH THE AMOC VARIABILITY AND ACC TRANSPORT FLUCTUATIONS OVER SMALLER SCALES. WE WILL DO THIS BY ESTIMATING NEW MULTI-MONTH GLOBAL GRAVITY SOLUTIONS TO HIGHER DEGREES/ORDERS AND UTILIZING A LEAST SQUARES INVERSE METHOD BASED ON USING PATTERNS OF CORRELATED OCEAN AND LAND HYDROLOGY VARIABILITY TO SEPARATE OCEAN AND LAND SIGNALS BETTER THAN CURRENT MAPPING METHODS. THESE NEW ANALYSES WILL BE STUDIED TO QUANTIFY INTERANNUAL TO DECADAL CHANGES IN THE TRANSPORT OF THE ACC AND AMOC. Other Administrative Action $0 1/27/20 Not listed WITH THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF GRACE AND PLANNED LAUNCH OF THE CONTINUITY MISSION GRACE FOLLOW-ON (GFO) WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY TWO IMPORTANT CURRENT SYSTEMS WHOSE VARIABILITY ON DECADAL-SCALES AND LONGER ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN: THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT (ACC) AND THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC). BOTH CONTRIBUTE IMPORTANTLY TO REGULATING THE EARTH S CLIMATE AND IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW THEY WILL CHANGE IN A WARMING CLIMATE. ALTHOUGH AVAILABLE GRACE DATA ARE USABLE TO QUANTIFY INTEGRATED TRANSPORT OF THE ACC BETWEEN OCEANIC FRONTS SEPARATED BY A DISTANCE OF GREATER THAN 1000 KM THEY CANNOT BE USED TO ESTIMATE TRANSPORT AT SMALLER SPATIAL SCALES WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO SEPARATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FRONTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE MEAN TRANSPORT OF THE ACC. THE AMOC VARIABILITY IS CURRENTLY UNMEASUREABLE BY GRACE EVEN THOUGH THERE IS A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP TO OCEAN BOTTOM PRESSURE VARIABILITY ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EASTERN CONTINENTAL. THIS IS DUE TO THE SMALL AMPLITUDE OF THE SIGNAL IN RELATION TO LEAKED LAND HYDROLOGY ITS WIDTH (~ 100 KM) AND ITS NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION. HOWEVER WITH CAREFUL REANALYSIS OF CURRENT GRACE DATA COMBINED WITH FUTURE GRACE-FO DATA WE BELIEVE WE CAN DETECT BOTH THE AMOC VARIABILITY AND ACC TRANSPORT FLUCTUATIONS OVER SMALLER SCALES. WE WILL DO THIS BY ESTIMATING NEW MULTI-MONTH GLOBAL GRAVITY SOLUTIONS TO HIGHER DEGREES/ORDERS AND UTILIZING A LEAST SQUARES INVERSE METHOD BASED ON USING PATTERNS OF CORRELATED OCEAN AND LAND HYDROLOGY VARIABILITY TO SEPARATE OCEAN AND LAND SIGNALS BETTER THAN CURRENT MAPPING METHODS. THESE NEW ANALYSES WILL BE STUDIED TO QUANTIFY INTERANNUAL TO DECADAL CHANGES IN THE TRANSPORT OF THE ACC AND AMOC. $0 1/27/20 Not listed WITH THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF GRACE AND PLANNED LAUNCH OF THE CONTINUITY MISSION GRACE FOLLOW-ON (GFO) WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY TWO IMPORTANT CURRENT SYSTEMS WHOSE VARIABILITY ON DECADAL-SCALES AND LONGER ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN: THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT (ACC) AND THE ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION (AMOC). BOTH CONTRIBUTE IMPORTANTLY TO REGULATING THE EARTH S CLIMATE AND IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW THEY WILL CHANGE IN A WARMING CLIMATE. ALTHOUGH AVAILABLE GRACE DATA ARE USABLE TO QUANTIFY INTEGRATED TRANSPORT OF THE ACC BETWEEN OCEANIC FRONTS SEPARATED BY A DISTANCE OF GREATER THAN 1000 KM THEY CANNOT BE USED TO ESTIMATE TRANSPORT AT SMALLER SPATIAL SCALES WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO SEPARATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FRONTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF THE MEAN TRANSPORT OF THE ACC. THE AMOC VARIABILITY IS CURRENTLY UNMEASUREABLE BY GRACE EVEN THOUGH THERE IS A KNOWN RELATIONSHIP TO OCEAN BOTTOM PRESSURE VARIABILITY ON THE NORTH AMERICAN EASTERN CONTINENTAL. THIS IS DUE TO THE SMALL AMPLITUDE OF THE SIGNAL IN RELATION TO LEAKED LAND HYDROLOGY ITS WIDTH (~ 100 KM) AND ITS NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTATION. HOWEVER WITH CAREFUL REANALYSIS OF CURRENT GRACE DATA COMBINED WITH FUTURE GRACE-FO DATA WE BELIEVE WE CAN DETECT BOTH THE AMOC VARIABILITY AND ACC TRANSPORT FLUCTUATIONS OVER SMALLER SCALES. WE WILL DO THIS BY ESTIMATING NEW MULTI-MONTH GLOBAL GRAVITY SOLUTIONS TO HIGHER DEGREES/ORDERS AND UTILIZING A LEAST SQUARES INVERSE METHOD BASED ON USING PATTERNS OF CORRELATED OCEAN AND LAND HYDROLOGY VARIABILITY TO SEPARATE OCEAN AND LAND SIGNALS BETTER THAN CURRENT MAPPING METHODS. THESE NEW ANALYSES WILL BE STUDIED TO QUANTIFY INTERANNUAL TO DECADAL CHANGES IN THE TRANSPORT OF THE ACC AND AMOC. $165.0k 3/7/19