Not listed DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH IS A POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE METHOD TO GROW LARGE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC CRYSTALS. IT ORIGINATED FROM THE SERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATION OF UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY EARLY SPACE-BASED MELT CRYSTAL GROWTH EXPERIMENTS WHERE THE MELT DEWETTED THE WALL ALLOWING THE CRYSTAL TO PULL AWAY AND GROW DETACHED FROM THE AMPOULE. THE DETACHED GROWTH MODE ELIMINATED DELETERIOUS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GROWING CRYSTAL AND THE AMPOULE WALL PRODUCING CRYSTALS OF HERETOFORE UNPRECEDENTED LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL PERFECTION. HOWEVER WHAT WAS SO READILY ATTAINED IN SPACE IS FAR MORE DIFFICULT ON EARTH. THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH UNDER TERRESTRIAL CONDITIONS BY A COMBINATION OF GRAUND-BASED MODELING COUPLED WITH MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS. SPECIFICALLY THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY RIGOROUS THERMAL-CAPILLARY MODELS EMPLOYING FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS AND COUPLED WITH FURNACE-SCALE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS TO DESCRIBE DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. THESE MODELS WILL BE APPLIED TO ASSESS THE ONSET STABILITY AND TERMINATION OF DETACHED GROWTH AND TO FURTHER ASCERTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT WHY THIS GROWTH IS SO MUCH MORE EASILY ATTAINED IN MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS THAN ON EARTH. OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IS UNDERSTANDING HOW LARGER-SCALE EARTH-BASED SYSTEMS MAY BE DESIGNED AND OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY.THIS WORK WILL PROMOTE A COLLABORATION BETWEEN RESEARCH GROUPS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (UMN) AND THE NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). A RESEARCH TEAM AT MSFC WILL FOCUS ON EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH WHILE UMN RESEARCHERS WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY SOPHISTICATED MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO ANALYZE THE PROCESS. EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY WILL BE CONDUCTED WITH COMPLEMENTARY GOALS THE SYNERGY BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES WILL PROMOTE PROGRESS MUCH FASTER THAN PURSUING EITHER PATH ALONE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TEAMS TWO OF THE FOREMOST CRYSTAL GROWTH GROUPS IN THE WORLD TO LEVERAGE THEIR STRONGLY COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. $0 12/13/18 7 DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH IS A POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE METHOD TO GROW LARGE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC CRYSTALS. IT ORIGINATED FROM THE SERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATION OF UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY EARLY, SPACE-BASED MELT CRYSTAL GROWTH EXPERIMENTS, WHERE THE MELT DEWETTED THE WALL, ALLOWING THE CRYSTAL TO PULL AWAY AND GROW DETACHED FROM THE AMPOULE. THE DETACHED GROWTH MODE ELIMINATED DELETERIOUS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GROWING CRYSTAL AND THE AMPOULE WALL, PRODUCING CRYSTALS OF HERETOFORE UNPRECEDENTED LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL PERFECTION. HOWEVER, WHAT WAS SO READILY ATTAINED IN SPACE IS FAR MORE DIFFICULT ON EARTH. THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH UNDER TERRESTRIAL CONDITIONS BY A COMBINATION OF GRAUND-BASED MODELING COUPLED WITH MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS. SPECIFICALLY, THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY RIGOROUS THERMAL-CAPILLARY MODELS EMPLOYING FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS AND COUPLED WITH FURNACE-SCALE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS TO DESCRIBE DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. THESE MODELS WILL BE APPLIED TO ASSESS THE ONSET, STABILITY, AND TERMINATION OF DETACHED GROWTH AND TO FURTHER ASCERTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT WHY THIS GROWTH IS SO MUCH MORE EASILY ATTAINED IN MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS THAN ON EARTH. OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IS UNDERSTANDING HOW LARGER-SCALE, EARTH-BASED SYSTEMS MAY BE DESIGNED AND OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY. THIS WORK WILL PROMOTE A COLLABORATION BETWEEN RESEARCH GROUPS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (UMN) AND THE NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). A RESEARCH TEAM AT MSFC WILL FOCUS ON EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH, WHILE UMN RESEARCHERS WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY SOPHISTICATED MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO ANALYZE THE PROCESS. EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY WILL BE CONDUCTED WITH COMPLEMENTARY GOALS THE SYNERGY BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES WILL PROMOTE PROGRESS MUCH FASTER THAN PURSUING EITHER PATH ALONE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TEAMS TWO OF THE FOREMOST CRYSTAL GROWTH GROUPS IN THE WORLD TO LEVERAGE THEIR STRONGLY COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. Other Administrative Action $0 12/13/18 6 DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH IS A POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE METHOD TO GROW LARGE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC CRYSTALS. IT ORIGINATED FROM THE SERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATION OF UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY EARLY, SPACE-BASED MELT CRYSTAL GROWTH EXPERIMENTS, WHERE THE MELT DEWETTED THE WALL, ALLOWING THE CRYSTAL TO PULL AWAY AND GROW DETACHED FROM THE AMPOULE. THE DETACHED GROWTH MODE ELIMINATED DELETERIOUS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GROWING CRYSTAL AND THE AMPOULE WALL, PRODUCING CRYSTALS OF HERETOFORE UNPRECEDENTED LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL PERFECTION. HOWEVER, WHAT WAS SO READILY ATTAINED IN SPACE IS FAR MORE DIFFICULT ON EARTH. THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH UNDER TERRESTRIAL CONDITIONS BY A COMBINATION OF GRAUND-BASED MODELING COUPLED WITH MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS. SPECIFICALLY, THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY RIGOROUS THERMAL-CAPILLARY MODELS EMPLOYING FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS AND COUPLED WITH FURNACE-SCALE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS TO DESCRIBE DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. THESE MODELS WILL BE APPLIED TO ASSESS THE ONSET, STABILITY, AND TERMINATION OF DETACHED GROWTH AND TO FURTHER ASCERTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT WHY THIS GROWTH IS SO MUCH MORE EASILY ATTAINED IN MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS THAN ON EARTH. OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IS UNDERSTANDING HOW LARGER-SCALE, EARTH-BASED SYSTEMS MAY BE DESIGNED AND OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY. THIS WORK WILL PROMOTE A COLLABORATION BETWEEN RESEARCH GROUPS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (UMN) AND THE NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). A RESEARCH TEAM AT MSFC WILL FOCUS ON EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH, WHILE UMN RESEARCHERS WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY SOPHISTICATED MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO ANALYZE THE PROCESS. EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY WILL BE CONDUCTED WITH COMPLEMENTARY GOALS; THE SYNERGY BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES WILL PROMOTE PROGRESS MUCH FASTER THAN PURSUING EITHER PATH ALONE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TEAMS TWO OF THE FOREMOST CRYSTAL GROWTH GROUPS IN THE WORLD TO LEVERAGE THEIR STRONGLY COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. Funding Only Action $85.0k 11/30/18 Not listed DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH IS A POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE METHOD TO GROW LARGE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC CRYSTALS. IT ORIGINATED FROM THE SERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATION OF UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY EARLY SPACE-BASED MELT CRYSTAL GROWTH EXPERIMENTS WHERE THE MELT DEWETTED THE WALL ALLOWING THE CRYSTAL TO PULL AWAY AND GROW DETACHED FROM THE AMPOULE. THE DETACHED GROWTH MODE ELIMINATED DELETERIOUS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GROWING CRYSTAL AND THE AMPOULE WALL PRODUCING CRYSTALS OF HERETOFORE UNPRECEDENTED LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL PERFECTION. HOWEVER WHAT WAS SO READILY ATTAINED IN SPACE IS FAR MORE DIFFICULT ON EARTH. THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH UNDER TERRESTRIAL CONDITIONS BY A COMBINATION OF GRAUND-BASED MODELING COUPLED WITH MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS. SPECIFICALLY THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY RIGOROUS THERMAL-CAPILLARY MODELS EMPLOYING FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS AND COUPLED WITH FURNACE-SCALE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS TO DESCRIBE DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. THESE MODELS WILL BE APPLIED TO ASSESS THE ONSET STABILITY AND TERMINATION OF DETACHED GROWTH AND TO FURTHER ASCERTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT WHY THIS GROWTH IS SO MUCH MORE EASILY ATTAINED IN MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS THAN ON EARTH. OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IS UNDERSTANDING HOW LARGER-SCALE EARTH-BASED SYSTEMS MAY BE DESIGNED AND OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY.THIS WORK WILL PROMOTE A COLLABORATION BETWEEN RESEARCH GROUPS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (UMN) AND THE NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). A RESEARCH TEAM AT MSFC WILL FOCUS ON EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH WHILE UMN RESEARCHERS WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY SOPHISTICATED MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO ANALYZE THE PROCESS. EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY WILL BE CONDUCTED WITH COMPLEMENTARY GOALS; THE SYNERGY BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES WILL PROMOTE PROGRESS MUCH FASTER THAN PURSUING EITHER PATH ALONE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TEAMS TWO OF THE FOREMOST CRYSTAL GROWTH GROUPS IN THE WORLD TO LEVERAGE THEIR STRONGLY COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. $85.0k 11/30/18 Not listed DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH IS A POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE METHOD TO GROW LARGE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC CRYSTALS. IT ORIGINATED FROM THE SERENDIPITOUS OBSERVATION OF UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY EARLY SPACE-BASED MELT CRYSTAL GROWTH EXPERIMENTS WHERE THE MELT DEWETTED THE WALL ALLOWING THE CRYSTAL TO PULL AWAY AND GROW DETACHED FROM THE AMPOULE. THE DETACHED GROWTH MODE ELIMINATED DELETERIOUS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE GROWING CRYSTAL AND THE AMPOULE WALL PRODUCING CRYSTALS OF HERETOFORE UNPRECEDENTED LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL PERFECTION. HOWEVER WHAT WAS SO READILY ATTAINED IN SPACE IS FAR MORE DIFFICULT ON EARTH. THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONTINUE TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH UNDER TERRESTRIAL CONDITIONS BY A COMBINATION OF GRAUND-BASED MODELING COUPLED WITH MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS. SPECIFICALLY THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY RIGOROUS THERMAL-CAPILLARY MODELS EMPLOYING FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS AND COUPLED WITH FURNACE-SCALE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS TO DESCRIBE DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. THESE MODELS WILL BE APPLIED TO ASSESS THE ONSET STABILITY AND TERMINATION OF DETACHED GROWTH AND TO FURTHER ASCERTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT WHY THIS GROWTH IS SO MUCH MORE EASILY ATTAINED IN MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS THAN ON EARTH. OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IS UNDERSTANDING HOW LARGER-SCALE EARTH-BASED SYSTEMS MAY BE DESIGNED AND OPERATED SUCCESSFULLY.THIS WORK WILL PROMOTE A COLLABORATION BETWEEN RESEARCH GROUPS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (UMN) AND THE NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (MSFC). A RESEARCH TEAM AT MSFC WILL FOCUS ON EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF DETACHED BRIDGMAN GROWTH WHILE UMN RESEARCHERS WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY SOPHISTICATED MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO ANALYZE THE PROCESS. EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY WILL BE CONDUCTED WITH COMPLEMENTARY GOALS; THE SYNERGY BETWEEN THE TWO APPROACHES WILL PROMOTE PROGRESS MUCH FASTER THAN PURSUING EITHER PATH ALONE. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TEAMS TWO OF THE FOREMOST CRYSTAL GROWTH GROUPS IN THE WORLD TO LEVERAGE THEIR STRONGLY COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF THE GREAT POTENTIAL OF DETACHED SOLIDIFICATION. $40.0k 3/2/18