5 VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS IN ICY SATELLITES. TIDAL ENERGY DISSIPATION IS AN IMPORTANT LONG TERM ENERGY SOURCE THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF THESE OCEANS. HOWEVER, NONE OF THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE STUDIES CONSIDERING OCEAN DISSIPATION ARE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO ICY SATELLITES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY ASSUME SURFACE OCEANS WITHOUT A SOLID LID. THEREFORE, WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP FORMALISMS FOR OCEAN DISSIPATION THAT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE PRESENCE OF A SOLID LID. TRADITIONAL CALCULATIONS OF THE TIDAL DEFORMATION OF THE SOLID PARTS OF SATELLITES IGNORE INERTIAL TERMS. HOWEVER, THE VALIDITY OF THIS APPROXIMATION FOR THE SHORT TIDAL FORCING PERIODS HAS NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE WILL EXPLORE THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON SOLID TIDAL DEFORMATION USING AN EXTENDED LOVE NUMBER CALCULATION METHOD. TO UNDERSTAND THE EXTENT TO WHICH TIDAL HEATING MAY EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS, WE PROPOSE TO SOLVE THE COUPLED THERMAL ORBITAL EVOLUTION PROBLEM. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A SELF CONSISTENT THEORETICAL TREATMENT THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT 1 THE EFFECT OF A SOLID LID ON OCEAN DYNAMICS, 2 THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON TIDAL DEFORMATION, AND 3 THE COUPLING BETWEEN THERMAL AND ORBITAL EVOLUTION. WE WILL APPLY THIS GENERAL THEORETICAL TREATMENT TO THE FULL SUITE OF ICY SATELLITES WITH SUBSURFACE OCEANS. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO REASSESS ARGUMENTS RELATED TO TIDAL HEATING, CONSIDER THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO TIDAL HEATING FROM DISSIPATION IN THE OCEAN AND IN THE SOLID REGIONS, AND INVESTIGATE THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS. IN DOING SO, WE WILL BE ABLE ADDRESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY ARE LIKELY TO PROVIDE HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS. THE PROPOSED STUDY SUPPORTS THE OBJECTIVES OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS PROGRAM PROGRAM AND NASA OVERALL BY DEVELOPING A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF INTERIOR OCEANS AND TIDAL DISSIPATION IN ICY SATELLITES. THIS WORK WILL BE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE TO THE GOALS OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS, AS IT DIRECTLY ADDRESSES ONE BULLET IN THE APPENDIX C4 OF THE ROSES 2014 ICY WORLDS THE ASTROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ICY WORLDS IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, INCLUDING EUROPA, GANYMEDE, ENCELADUS, AND TITAN. RESEARCH AREAS COULD INCLUDE THE PRESENCE OF WATER AND OR EXOTIC SOLVENTS, SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR LIFE, PRESENCE OF ORGANICS AND THEIR REACTIVITY, AND OCEAN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ON EUROPA OR ENCELADUS AS IT PERTAINS TO HABITABILITY AND HABITABILITY OVER TIME. Funding Only Action ($1) 11/9/20 Not listed VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS IN ICY SATELLITES. TIDAL ENERGY DISSIPATION IS AN IMPORTANT LONG TERM ENERGY SOURCE THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF THESE OCEANS. HOWEVER NONE OF THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE STUDIES CONSIDERING OCEAN DISSIPATION ARE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO ICY SATELLITES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY ASSUME SURFACE OCEANS WITHOUTA SOLID LID. THEREFORE WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP FORMALISMS FOR OCEAN DISSIPATION THAT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE PRESENCE OF A SOLID LID. TRADITIONAL CALCULATIONS OF THE TIDAL DEFORMATION OF THE SOLID PARTS OF SATELLITES IGNORE INERTIAL TERMS. HOWEVER THE VALIDITY OF THIS APPROXIMATION FOR THE SHORT TIDAL FORCING PERIODS HAS NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE WILL EXPLORE THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON SOLID TIDALDEFORMATION USING AN EXTENDED LOVE NUMBER CALCULATION METHOD. TO UNDERSTAND THE EXTENT TO WHICH TIDAL HEATING MAY EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS WE PROPOSE TO SOLVE THE COUPLED THERMAL ORBITAL EVOLUTION PROBLEM. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A SELF CONSISTENT THEORETICAL TREATMENT THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT 1 THE EFFECT OF A SOLID LID ON OCEAN DYNAMICS 2 THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON TIDAL DEFORMATION AND 3 THE COUPLING BETWEEN THERMAL AND ORBITAL EVOLUTION. WE WILL APPLY THIS GENERAL THEORETICAL TREATMENT TO THE FULL SUITE OF ICY SATELLITES WITH SUBSURFACE OCEANS. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO REASSESS ARGUMENTS RELATED TO TIDAL HEATING CONSIDER THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO TIDAL HEATING FROM DISSIPATION IN THE OCEAN AND IN THE SOLID REGIONS AND INVESTIGATE THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS. IN DOING SO WE WILL BE ABLE ADDRESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY ARE LIKELY TO PROVIDE HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS.THE PROPOSED STUDY SUPPORTS THE OBJECTIVES OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS PROGRAM PROGRAM AND NASA OVERALL BY DEVELOPING A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF INTERIOR OCEANS AND TIDAL DISSIPATION IN ICY SATELLITES. THIS WORK WILL BE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE TO THE GOALS OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS AS IT DIRECTLY ADDRESSES ONE BULLET IN THE APPENDIX C4 OF THE ROSES 2014 ICY WORLDS THEASTROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ICY WORLDS IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM INCLUDING EUROPA GANYMEDE ENCELADUS AND TITAN. RESEARCH AREAS COULD INCLUDE THE PRESENCE OF WATER AND OR EXOTIC SOLVENTS SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR LIFE PRESENCE OF ORGANICS AND THEIR REACTIVITY AND OCEAN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ON EUROPA OR ENCELADUS AS IT PERTAINS TO HABITABILITY AND HABITABILITY OVER TIME. ($1) 11/9/20 Not listed VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS IN ICY SATELLITES. TIDAL ENERGY DISSIPATION IS AN IMPORTANT LONG TERM ENERGY SOURCE THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF THESE OCEANS. HOWEVER NONE OF THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE STUDIES CONSIDERING OCEAN DISSIPATION ARE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO ICY SATELLITES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY ASSUME SURFACE OCEANS WITHOUTA SOLID LID. THEREFORE WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP FORMALISMS FOR OCEAN DISSIPATION THAT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE PRESENCE OF A SOLID LID. TRADITIONAL CALCULATIONS OF THE TIDAL DEFORMATION OF THE SOLID PARTS OF SATELLITES IGNORE INERTIAL TERMS. HOWEVER THE VALIDITY OF THIS APPROXIMATION FOR THE SHORT TIDAL FORCING PERIODS HAS NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE WILL EXPLORE THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON SOLID TIDALDEFORMATION USING AN EXTENDED LOVE NUMBER CALCULATION METHOD. TO UNDERSTAND THE EXTENT TO WHICH TIDAL HEATING MAY EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS WE PROPOSE TO SOLVE THE COUPLED THERMAL ORBITAL EVOLUTION PROBLEM. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A SELF CONSISTENT THEORETICAL TREATMENT THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT 1 THE EFFECT OF A SOLID LID ON OCEAN DYNAMICS 2 THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON TIDAL DEFORMATION AND 3 THE COUPLING BETWEEN THERMAL AND ORBITAL EVOLUTION. WE WILL APPLY THIS GENERAL THEORETICAL TREATMENT TO THE FULL SUITE OF ICY SATELLITES WITH SUBSURFACE OCEANS. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO REASSESS ARGUMENTS RELATED TO TIDAL HEATING CONSIDER THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO TIDAL HEATING FROM DISSIPATION IN THE OCEAN AND IN THE SOLID REGIONS AND INVESTIGATE THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS. IN DOING SO WE WILL BE ABLE ADDRESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY ARE LIKELY TO PROVIDE HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS.THE PROPOSED STUDY SUPPORTS THE OBJECTIVES OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS PROGRAM PROGRAM AND NASA OVERALL BY DEVELOPING A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF INTERIOR OCEANS AND TIDAL DISSIPATION IN ICY SATELLITES. THIS WORK WILL BE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE TO THE GOALS OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS AS IT DIRECTLY ADDRESSES ONE BULLET IN THE APPENDIX C4 OF THE ROSES 2014 ICY WORLDS THEASTROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ICY WORLDS IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM INCLUDING EUROPA GANYMEDE ENCELADUS AND TITAN. RESEARCH AREAS COULD INCLUDE THE PRESENCE OF WATER AND OR EXOTIC SOLVENTS SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR LIFE PRESENCE OF ORGANICS AND THEIR REACTIVITY AND OCEAN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ON EUROPA OR ENCELADUS AS IT PERTAINS TO HABITABILITY AND HABITABILITY OVER TIME. $0 7/10/19 4 VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS IN ICY SATELLITES. TIDAL ENERGY DISSIPATION IS AN IMPORTANT LONG TERM ENERGY SOURCE THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF THESE OCEANS. HOWEVER, NONE OF THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE STUDIES CONSIDERING OCEAN DISSIPATION ARE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO ICY SATELLITES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY ASSUME SURFACE OCEANS WITHOUT A SOLID LID. THEREFORE, WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP FORMALISMS FOR OCEAN DISSIPATION THAT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE PRESENCE OF A SOLID LID. TRADITIONAL CALCULATIONS OF THE TIDAL DEFORMATION OF THE SOLID PARTS OF SATELLITES IGNORE INERTIAL TERMS. HOWEVER, THE VALIDITY OF THIS APPROXIMATION FOR THE SHORT TIDAL FORCING PERIODS HAS NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE WILL EXPLORE THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON SOLID TIDAL DEFORMATION USING AN EXTENDED LOVE NUMBER CALCULATION METHOD. TO UNDERSTAND THE EXTENT TO WHICH TIDAL HEATING MAY EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS, WE PROPOSE TO SOLVE THE COUPLED THERMAL ORBITAL EVOLUTION PROBLEM. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A SELF CONSISTENT THEORETICAL TREATMENT THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT 1 THE EFFECT OF A SOLID LID ON OCEAN DYNAMICS, 2 THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON TIDAL DEFORMATION, AND 3 THE COUPLING BETWEEN THERMAL AND ORBITAL EVOLUTION. WE WILL APPLY THIS GENERAL THEORETICAL TREATMENT TO THE FULL SUITE OF ICY SATELLITES WITH SUBSURFACE OCEANS. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO REASSESS ARGUMENTS RELATED TO TIDAL HEATING, CONSIDER THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO TIDAL HEATING FROM DISSIPATION IN THE OCEAN AND IN THE SOLID REGIONS, AND INVESTIGATE THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS. IN DOING SO, WE WILL BE ABLE ADDRESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY ARE LIKELY TO PROVIDE HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS. THE PROPOSED STUDY SUPPORTS THE OBJECTIVES OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS PROGRAM PROGRAM AND NASA OVERALL BY DEVELOPING A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF INTERIOR OCEANS AND TIDAL DISSIPATION IN ICY SATELLITES. THIS WORK WILL BE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE TO THE GOALS OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS, AS IT DIRECTLY ADDRESSES ONE BULLET IN THE APPENDIX C4 OF THE ROSES 2014 ICY WORLDS THE ASTROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ICY WORLDS IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, INCLUDING EUROPA, GANYMEDE, ENCELADUS, AND TITAN. RESEARCH AREAS COULD INCLUDE THE PRESENCE OF WATER AND OR EXOTIC SOLVENTS, SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR LIFE, PRESENCE OF ORGANICS AND THEIR REACTIVITY, AND OCEAN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ON EUROPA OR ENCELADUS AS IT PERTAINS TO HABITABILITY AND HABITABILITY OVER TIME. Other Administrative Action $0 7/10/19 Not listed VARIOUS OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS IN ICY SATELLITES. TIDAL ENERGY DISSIPATION IS AN IMPORTANT LONG TERM ENERGY SOURCE THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF THESE OCEANS. HOWEVER NONE OF THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE STUDIES CONSIDERING OCEAN DISSIPATION ARE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO ICY SATELLITES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY ASSUME SURFACE OCEANS WITHOUTA SOLID LID. THEREFORE WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP FORMALISMS FOR OCEAN DISSIPATION THAT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE PRESENCE OF A SOLID LID. TRADITIONAL CALCULATIONS OF THE TIDAL DEFORMATION OF THE SOLID PARTS OF SATELLITES IGNORE INERTIAL TERMS. HOWEVER THE VALIDITY OF THIS APPROXIMATION FOR THE SHORT TIDAL FORCING PERIODS HAS NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE WILL EXPLORE THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON SOLID TIDALDEFORMATION USING AN EXTENDED LOVE NUMBER CALCULATION METHOD. TO UNDERSTAND THE EXTENT TO WHICH TIDAL HEATING MAY EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS WE PROPOSE TO SOLVE THE COUPLED THERMAL ORBITAL EVOLUTION PROBLEM. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE A SELF CONSISTENT THEORETICAL TREATMENT THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT 1 THE EFFECT OF A SOLID LID ON OCEAN DYNAMICS 2 THE EFFECT OF INERTIAL TERMS ON TIDAL DEFORMATION AND 3 THE COUPLING BETWEEN THERMAL AND ORBITAL EVOLUTION. WE WILL APPLY THIS GENERAL THEORETICAL TREATMENT TO THE FULL SUITE OF ICY SATELLITES WITH SUBSURFACE OCEANS. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO REASSESS ARGUMENTS RELATED TO TIDAL HEATING CONSIDER THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO TIDAL HEATING FROM DISSIPATION IN THE OCEAN AND IN THE SOLID REGIONS AND INVESTIGATE THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF SUBSURFACE OCEANS. IN DOING SO WE WILL BE ABLE ADDRESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY ARE LIKELY TO PROVIDE HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS.THE PROPOSED STUDY SUPPORTS THE OBJECTIVES OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS PROGRAM PROGRAM AND NASA OVERALL BY DEVELOPING A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF INTERIOR OCEANS AND TIDAL DISSIPATION IN ICY SATELLITES. THIS WORK WILL BE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE TO THE GOALS OF THE HABITABLE WORLDS AS IT DIRECTLY ADDRESSES ONE BULLET IN THE APPENDIX C4 OF THE ROSES 2014 ICY WORLDS THEASTROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ICY WORLDS IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM INCLUDING EUROPA GANYMEDE ENCELADUS AND TITAN. RESEARCH AREAS COULD INCLUDE THE PRESENCE OF WATER AND OR EXOTIC SOLVENTS SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR LIFE PRESENCE OF ORGANICS AND THEIR REACTIVITY AND OCEAN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY ON EUROPA OR ENCELADUS AS IT PERTAINS TO HABITABILITY AND HABITABILITY OVER TIME. $0 7/2/18