3 THE PROPOSED EFFORT HAS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES: 1) EVALUATE EXISTING RESOURCES FOR ESTIMATING MIXED-LAYER PROPERTIES (SECTION 1.4.1). 2) EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF SIMULATED SATELLITE MIXED-LAYER OBSERVATIONS ON OCEAN STATE ESTIMATION AND COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE FORECASTS (SECTION 1.4.2). 3) INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF MIXED-LAYER DEPTH ERRORS ON ANALYSES OF IMPORTANT WEATHER AND CLIMATE PHENOMENA (SECTIONS 1.4.3). ANALYSES CONTRIBUTING TO THESE OBJECTIVES WILL EMPHASIZE VARIABILITY OF ML PROPERTIES ON SYNOPTIC, SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL TIMESCALES. OBJECTIVE 3 ANALYSES FOCUS ON FOUR SUBREGIONS (FIG. 1; SECTION 1.4.3) OF CLIMATIC IMPORTANCE: (A) THE EAST TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN (ETPO; A LOCUS WHERE EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) EVENTS DEVELOP/TERMINATE); (B) THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (FOR THE ASIAN MONSOON, TROPICAL CYCLONES); (C) THE SEYCHELLES-CHAGOS THERMOCLINE RIDGE (FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES, THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO)); (D) THE GULF OF MEXICO (GOM; FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES). THESE REGIONS HAVE RAMIFICATIONS FOR LONGSTANDING ISSUES IN CLIMATE SCIENCE THAT AFFECT MUCH OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION, SOMETIMES IN DEVASTATING WAYS, INCLUDING DIFFICULTIES FORECASTING BEHAVIOR OF THE MONSOON, MJO, ENSO AND TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY. IN THESE CONTEXTS, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THERE IS A SOCIETALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SENSING CAPABILITIES TO MEASURE ML PROPERTIES, AND POTENTIALLY A NASA SATELLITE MISSION. Funding Only Action $49.9k 10/31/16 Not listed THE PROPOSED EFFORT HAS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES:1) EVALUATE EXISTING RESOURCES FOR ESTIMATING MIXED-LAYER PROPERTIES (SECTION 1.4.1).2) EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF SIMULATED SATELLITE MIXED-LAYER OBSERVATIONS ON OCEAN STATEESTIMATION AND COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE FORECASTS (SECTION 1.4.2).3) INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF MIXED-LAYER DEPTH ERRORS ON ANALYSES OF IMPORTANT WEATHER ANDCLIMATE PHENOMENA (SECTIONS 1.4.3).ANALYSES CONTRIBUTING TO THESE OBJECTIVES WILL EMPHASIZE VARIABILITY OF ML PROPERTIES ONSYNOPTIC SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL TIMESCALES. OBJECTIVE 3 ANALYSES FOCUS ON FOUR SUBREGIONS (FIG. 1;SECTION 1.4.3) OF CLIMATIC IMPORTANCE: (A) THE EAST TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN (ETPO; A LOCUS WHEREEL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) EVENTS DEVELOP/TERMINATE); (B) THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (FORTHE ASIAN MONSOON TROPICAL CYCLONES); (C) THE SEYCHELLES-CHAGOS THERMOCLINE RIDGE (FORTROPICAL CYCLONES THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO)); (D) THE GULF OF MEXICO (GOM; FORTROPICAL CYCLONES). THESE REGIONS HAVE RAMIFICATIONS FOR LONGSTANDING ISSUES IN CLIMATE SCIENCETHAT AFFECT MUCH OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION SOMETIMES IN DEVASTATING WAYS INCLUDING DIFFICULTIESFORECASTING BEHAVIOR OF THE MONSOON MJO ENSO AND TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY. IN THESECONTEXTS WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THERE IS A SOCIETALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE NEED FORDEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SENSING CAPABILITIES TO MEASURE ML PROPERTIES AND POTENTIALLY A NASASATELLITE MISSION. $49.9k 10/31/16 Not listed THE PROPOSED EFFORT HAS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES: 1) EVALUATE EXISTING RESOURCES FOR ESTIMATING MIXED-LAYER PROPERTIES (SECTION 1.4.1). 2) EXAMINE THE I $57.6k 6/21/16 2 THE PROPOSED EFFORT HAS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES: 1) EVALUATE EXISTING RESOURCES FOR ESTIMATING MIXED-LAYER PROPERTIES (SECTION 1.4.1). 2) EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF SIMULATED SATELLITE MIXED-LAYER OBSERVATIONS ON OCEAN STATE ESTIMATION AND COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE FORECASTS (SECTION 1.4.2). 3) INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF MIXED-LAYER DEPTH ERRORS ON ANALYSES OF IMPORTANT WEATHER AND CLIMATE PHENOMENA (SECTIONS 1.4.3). ANALYSES CONTRIBUTING TO THESE OBJECTIVES WILL EMPHASIZE VARIABILITY OF ML PROPERTIES ON SYNOPTIC, SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL TIMESCALES. OBJECTIVE 3 ANALYSES FOCUS ON FOUR SUBREGIONS (FIG. 1; SECTION 1.4.3) OF CLIMATIC IMPORTANCE: (A) THE EAST TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN (ETPO; A LOCUS WHERE EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) EVENTS DEVELOP/TERMINATE); (B) THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (FOR THE ASIAN MONSOON, TROPICAL CYCLONES); (C) THE SEYCHELLES-CHAGOS THERMOCLINE RIDGE (FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES, THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO)); (D) THE GULF OF MEXICO (GOM; FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES). THESE REGIONS HAVE RAMIFICATIONS FOR LONGSTANDING ISSUES IN CLIMATE SCIENCE THAT AFFECT MUCH OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION, SOMETIMES IN DEVASTATING WAYS, INCLUDING DIFFICULTIES FORECASTING BEHAVIOR OF THE MONSOON, MJO, ENSO AND TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY. IN THESE CONTEXTS, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THERE IS A SOCIETALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SENSING CAPABILITIES TO MEASURE ML PROPERTIES, AND POTENTIALLY A NASA SATELLITE MISSION. Funding Only Action $57.6k 6/21/16 1 THE PROPOSED EFFORT HAS THREE MAIN OBJECTIVES: 1) EVALUATE EXISTING RESOURCES FOR ESTIMATING MIXED-LAYER PROPERTIES (SECTION 1.4.1). 2) EXAMINE THE IMPACT OF SIMULATED SATELLITE MIXED-LAYER OBSERVATIONS ON OCEAN STATE ESTIMATION AND COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE FORECASTS (SECTION 1.4.2). 3) INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF MIXED-LAYER DEPTH ERRORS ON ANALYSES OF IMPORTANT WEATHER AND CLIMATE PHENOMENA (SECTIONS 1.4.3). ANALYSES CONTRIBUTING TO THESE OBJECTIVES WILL EMPHASIZE VARIABILITY OF ML PROPERTIES ON SYNOPTIC, SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL TIMESCALES. OBJECTIVE 3 ANALYSES FOCUS ON FOUR SUBREGIONS (FIG. 1; SECTION 1.4.3) OF CLIMATIC IMPORTANCE: (A) THE EAST TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN (ETPO; A LOCUS WHERE EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) EVENTS DEVELOP/TERMINATE); (B) THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (FOR THE ASIAN MONSOON, TROPICAL CYCLONES); (C) THE SEYCHELLES-CHAGOS THERMOCLINE RIDGE (FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES, THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION (MJO)); (D) THE GULF OF MEXICO (GOM; FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES). THESE REGIONS HAVE RAMIFICATIONS FOR LONGSTANDING ISSUES IN CLIMATE SCIENCE THAT AFFECT MUCH OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION, SOMETIMES IN DEVASTATING WAYS, INCLUDING DIFFICULTIES FORECASTING BEHAVIOR OF THE MONSOON, MJO, ENSO AND TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY. IN THESE CONTEXTS, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THERE IS A SOCIETALLY RELEVANT SCIENCE NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SENSING CAPABILITIES TO MEASURE ML PROPERTIES, AND POTENTIALLY A NASA SATELLITE MISSION. Funding Only Action $48.7k 10/23/15