Not listed GPS IMAGING OF TIME-VARIABLE EARTH DEFORMATION FOR MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SCIENCE $0 7/6/22 P00003 GPS IMAGING OF TIME-VARIABLE EARTH DEFORMATION FOR MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SCIENCE Other Administrative Action $0 7/6/22 P00002 BASED ON MEDIAN-BASED ESTIMATORS, WE RECENTLY DEVELOPED GPS IMAGING, A SOPHISTICATED SIGNAL PROCESSING AND IMAGE FILTERING TECHNIQUE TO GENERATE ROBUST IMAGES OF SECULAR VERTICAL LAND MOTION. WE HAVE NOW EXTENDED THE CONCEPT TO THREE DIMENSIONS BY IMAGING THE HORIZONTAL STRAIN-RATE TENSOR USING THE TECHNIQUE MELD (MEDIAN ESTIMATE OF LOCAL DEFORMATION). BOTH THESE TECHNIQUES ARE UNDERPINNED BY ROBUST ESTIMATION OF GPS STATION VELOCITIES USING MIDAS (MEDIAN INTERANNUAL DIFFERENCE ADJUSTED FOR SKEWNESS). TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA-DRIVEN TECHNIQUES HAVE REVEALED GEOGRAPHICALLY-COHERENT LOW-AMPLITUDE SIGNALS OF GEOPHYSICAL ORIGIN THAT APPROACH THE NOISE LEVEL OF GPS GEODESY. FOR EXAMPLE, IN NORTH AMERICA WE HAVE IMAGED A LARGE-SCALE ANNULUS OF HORIZONTAL CONTRACTION (~4 NANOSTRAINS/YR) SURROUNDING THE UPLIFTING AND EXTENDING CENTRAL CAP OF GLACIAL ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT (GIA) CENTERED ON HUDSON BAY. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXTEND GPS IMAGING BEYOND SECULAR DEFORMATION, TO THE ROBUST ESTIMATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT EARTH DEFORMATIONS THAT MAY BE DETECTABLE BY SUFFICIENTLY DENSE GPS NETWORKS. WE GIVE SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE OPERATIONAL DETERMINATION OF CO-SEISMIC OFFSETS AS PART OF A NEW GEODETIC EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE, PLUS NON-SEISMO-TECTONIC DRIVERS SUCH AS REGIONAL SURFACE MASS LOADING. OUR INITIAL STUDIES SUGGEST A WEB OF INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYDROLOGY, TECTONICS, SEISMOLOGY, VOLCANOLOGY, CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS. FOR EXAMPLE, USING OUR 5-MINUTE-INTERVAL GPS POSITION DATA PRODUCTS, OUR PRODUCTS ENABLED THE DETECTION FOR THE FIRST TIME IN NATURE BIOT S SLOW (SUBSONIC) WAVE IN THE SOLID EARTH ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANE SANDY, EXCITED BY THE STORM SURGE. AS ANOTHER EXAMPLE, OUR PRODUCTS REVEALED UPLIFT OF THE SIERRA NEVADA DRIVEN BY THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC REMOVAL OF WATER TO THE WEST IN CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY, DROUGHT-RELATED DEPLETED SNOW FALL ON THE MOUNTAIN RANGE, TOGETHER WITH A SHARP CONTRAST IN LITHOSPHERIC STRENGTH IMMEDIATELY TO THE EAST. MOREOVER, OUR PRODUCTS SHOW SEASONAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND SUGGEST POTENTIAL COUPLING BETWEEN SURFACE LOADING AND SEISMICITY ON THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT, HOWEVER THAT LINE OF RESEARCH HAS NOT YET BENEFITED FROM THE ROBUST TECHNIQUES WE AIM TO DEVELOP HERE. OUR CURRENT GPS IMAGING PROCESSOR IS BUILT AS A BACK-END TO OUR CURRENT MASSIVE DATA PROCESSING FACILITY, WHICH MAKES A VARIETY OF GEODETIC PRODUCTS FREELY AVAILABLE FOR IMMEDIATE SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION. WE USE ALL GPS DUAL-FREQUENCY DATA IN THE WORLD THAT IS KNOWN TO US, GOING BACK TO 1996, FROM OVER 17,000 STATIONS. PRODUCTS ARE UPDATED EVERY WEEK FOR FINAL PRODUCTS FROM CURRENTLY OVER 10,000 STATIONS, EVERY DAY FROM OVER 6,000 STATIONS, AND EVERY HOUR FROM ~2,000 STATIONS. DATA PRODUCTS INCLUDE 24-HOUR AND 5-MINUTEINTERVAL STATION POSITIONS, 5-MINUTE-INTERVAL TROPOSPHERIC PARAMETERS, DAILY QUALITY ASSURANCE PARAMETERS TO ASSESS STATION PERFORMANCE, MIDAS STATION VELOCITIES, METADATA, AND A STEP-FUNCTION DATA BASE WITH LINKS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKES AND EQUIPMENT CHANGES. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL DEVELOP ADDITIONAL DATA PRODUCTS TO SERVE ANY INTERESTED SCIENTIST WITH TIME SERIES AND DERIVED FIELDS THAT HAVE SENSITIVITY TO TIME-DEPENDENT DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE SOLID EARTH. THESE PRODUCTS WILL ADDRESS SEVERAL TOPICS IN THE PROPOSAL CALL, CONNECTING WITH THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TECTONICS AND CLIMATE, SOLID EARTH RESPONSE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, FORCING BY HURRICANES AND STORM SURGES, MAGMATIC SYSTEMS, CONNECTION TO STATE OF STRESS, AND THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON SOLID EARTH DEFORMATION. THE TIME-VARIABLE DEFORMATION PRODUCTS DEVELOPED HERE WILL BENEFIT NOT ONLY OUR OWN SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, RATHER WE WILL CONTINUE TO MAKE ALL OUR PRODUCTS FREELY AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR USE BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS OVER A BROAD VARIETY OF DISCIPLINES, ALONG WITH OUR EXPERT SUPPORT. Funding Only Action $155.6k 9/3/21 Not listed BASED ON MEDIAN-BASED ESTIMATORS WE RECENTLY DEVELOPED GPS IMAGING A SOPHISTICATED SIGNAL PROCESSING AND IMAGE FILTERING TECHNIQUE TO GENERATE ROBUST IMAGES OF SECULAR VERTICAL LAND MOTION. WE HAVE NOW EXTENDED THE CONCEPT TO THREE DIMENSIONS BY IMAGING THE HORIZONTAL STRAIN-RATE TENSOR USING THE TECHNIQUE MELD (MEDIAN ESTIMATE OF LOCAL DEFORMATION). BOTH THESE TECHNIQUES ARE UNDERPINNED BY ROBUST ESTIMATION OF GPS STATION VELOCITIES USING MIDAS (MEDIAN INTERANNUAL DIFFERENCE ADJUSTED FOR SKEWNESS). TAKEN TOGETHER THESE DATA-DRIVEN TECHNIQUES HAVE REVEALED GEOGRAPHICALLY-COHERENT LOW-AMPLITUDE SIGNALS OF GEOPHYSICAL ORIGIN THAT APPROACH THE NOISE LEVEL OF GPS GEODESY. FOR EXAMPLE IN NORTH AMERICA WE HAVE IMAGED A LARGE-SCALE ANNULUS OF HORIZONTAL CONTRACTION (~4 NANOSTRAINS/YR) SURROUNDING THE UPLIFTING AND EXTENDING CENTRAL CAP OF GLACIAL ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT (GIA) CENTERED ON HUDSON BAY. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXTEND GPS IMAGING BEYOND SECULAR DEFORMATION TO THE ROBUST ESTIMATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT EARTH DEFORMATIONS THAT MAY BE DETECTABLE BY SUFFICIENTLY DENSE GPS NETWORKS. WE GIVE SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE OPERATIONAL DETERMINATION OF CO-SEISMIC OFFSETS AS PART OF A NEW GEODETIC EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE PLUS NON-SEISMO-TECTONIC DRIVERS SUCH AS REGIONAL SURFACE MASS LOADING. OUR INITIAL STUDIES SUGGEST A WEB OF INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYDROLOGY TECTONICS SEISMOLOGY VOLCANOLOGY CLIMATE METEOROLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS. FOR EXAMPLE USING OUR 5-MINUTE-INTERVAL GPS POSITION DATA PRODUCTS OUR PRODUCTS ENABLED THE DETECTION FOR THE FIRST TIME IN NATURE BIOT S SLOW (SUBSONIC) WAVE IN THE SOLID EARTH ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANE SANDY EXCITED BY THE STORM SURGE. AS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OUR PRODUCTS REVEALED UPLIFT OF THE SIERRA NEVADA DRIVEN BY THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC REMOVAL OF WATER TO THE WEST IN CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY DROUGHT-RELATED DEPLETED SNOW FALL ON THE MOUNTAIN RANGE TOGETHER WITH A SHARP CONTRAST IN LITHOSPHERIC STRENGTH IMMEDIATELY TO THE EAST. MOREOVER OUR PRODUCTS SHOW SEASONAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND SUGGEST POTENTIAL COUPLING BETWEEN SURFACE LOADING AND SEISMICITY ON THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT HOWEVER THAT LINE OF RESEARCH HAS NOT YET BENEFITED FROM THE ROBUST TECHNIQUES WE AIM TO DEVELOP HERE. OUR CURRENT GPS IMAGING PROCESSOR IS BUILT AS A BACK-END TO OUR CURRENT MASSIVE DATA PROCESSING FACILITY WHICH MAKES A VARIETY OF GEODETIC PRODUCTS FREELY AVAILABLE FOR IMMEDIATE SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION. WE USE ALL GPS DUAL-FREQUENCY DATA IN THE WORLD THAT IS KNOWN TO US GOING BACK TO 1996 FROM OVER 17 000 STATIONS. PRODUCTS ARE UPDATED EVERY WEEK FOR FINAL PRODUCTS FROM CURRENTLY OVER 10 000 STATIONS EVERY DAY FROM OVER 6 000 STATIONS AND EVERY HOUR FROM ~2 000 STATIONS. DATA PRODUCTS INCLUDE 24-HOUR AND 5-MINUTEINTERVAL STATION POSITIONS 5-MINUTE-INTERVAL TROPOSPHERIC PARAMETERS DAILY QUALITY ASSURANCE PARAMETERS TO ASSESS STATION PERFORMANCE MIDAS STATION VELOCITIES METADATA AND A STEP-FUNCTION DATA BASE WITH LINKS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKES AND EQUIPMENT CHANGES. IN THIS PROJECT WE WILL DEVELOP ADDITIONAL DATA PRODUCTS TO SERVE ANY INTERESTED SCIENTIST WITH TIME SERIES AND DERIVED FIELDS THAT HAVE SENSITIVITY TO TIME-DEPENDENT DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE SOLID EARTH. THESE PRODUCTS WILL ADDRESS SEVERAL TOPICS IN THE PROPOSAL CALL CONNECTING WITH THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TECTONICS AND CLIMATE SOLID EARTH RESPONSE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY FORCING BY HURRICANES AND STORM SURGES MAGMATIC SYSTEMS CONNECTION TO STATE OF STRESS AND THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON SOLID EARTH DEFORMATION. THE TIME-VARIABLE DEFORMATION PRODUCTS DEVELOPED HERE WILL BENEFIT NOT ONLY OUR OWN SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS RATHER WE WILL CONTINUE TO MAKE ALL OUR PRODUCTS FREELY AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR USE BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS OVER A BROAD VARIETY OF DISCIPLINES ALONG WITH OUR EXPERT SUPPORT. $155.6k 9/3/21 P00001 BASED ON MEDIAN-BASED ESTIMATORS, WE RECENTLY DEVELOPED GPS IMAGING, A SOPHISTICATED SIGNAL PROCESSING AND IMAGE FILTERING TECHNIQUE TO GENERATE ROBUST IMAGES OF SECULAR VERTICAL LAND MOTION. WE HAVE NOW EXTENDED THE CONCEPT TO THREE DIMENSIONS BY IMAGING THE HORIZONTAL STRAIN-RATE TENSOR USING THE TECHNIQUE MELD (MEDIAN ESTIMATE OF LOCAL DEFORMATION). BOTH THESE TECHNIQUES ARE UNDERPINNED BY ROBUST ESTIMATION OF GPS STATION VELOCITIES USING MIDAS (MEDIAN INTERANNUAL DIFFERENCE ADJUSTED FOR SKEWNESS). TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA-DRIVEN TECHNIQUES HAVE REVEALED GEOGRAPHICALLY-COHERENT LOW-AMPLITUDE SIGNALS OF GEOPHYSICAL ORIGIN THAT APPROACH THE NOISE LEVEL OF GPS GEODESY. FOR EXAMPLE, IN NORTH AMERICA WE HAVE IMAGED A LARGE-SCALE ANNULUS OF HORIZONTAL CONTRACTION (~4 NANOSTRAINS/YR) SURROUNDING THE UPLIFTING AND EXTENDING CENTRAL CAP OF GLACIAL ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT (GIA) CENTERED ON HUDSON BAY. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXTEND GPS IMAGING BEYOND SECULAR DEFORMATION, TO THE ROBUST ESTIMATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT EARTH DEFORMATIONS THAT MAY BE DETECTABLE BY SUFFICIENTLY DENSE GPS NETWORKS. WE GIVE SPECIAL EMPHASIS TO THE OPERATIONAL DETERMINATION OF CO-SEISMIC OFFSETS AS PART OF A NEW GEODETIC EARTHQUAKE CATALOGUE, PLUS NON-SEISMO-TECTONIC DRIVERS SUCH AS REGIONAL SURFACE MASS LOADING. OUR INITIAL STUDIES SUGGEST A WEB OF INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYDROLOGY, TECTONICS, SEISMOLOGY, VOLCANOLOGY, CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS. FOR EXAMPLE, USING OUR 5-MINUTE-INTERVAL GPS POSITION DATA PRODUCTS, OUR PRODUCTS ENABLED THE DETECTION FOR THE FIRST TIME IN NATURE BIOT S SLOW (SUBSONIC) WAVE IN THE SOLID EARTH ASSOCIATED WITH HURRICANE SANDY, EXCITED BY THE STORM SURGE. AS ANOTHER EXAMPLE, OUR PRODUCTS REVEALED UPLIFT OF THE SIERRA NEVADA DRIVEN BY THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC REMOVAL OF WATER TO THE WEST IN CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY, DROUGHT-RELATED DEPLETED SNOW FALL ON THE MOUNTAIN RANGE, TOGETHER WITH A SHARP CONTRAST IN LITHOSPHERIC STRENGTH IMMEDIATELY TO THE EAST. MOREOVER, OUR PRODUCTS SHOW SEASONAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND SUGGEST POTENTIAL COUPLING BETWEEN SURFACE LOADING AND SEISMICITY ON THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT, HOWEVER THAT LINE OF RESEARCH HAS NOT YET BENEFITED FROM THE ROBUST TECHNIQUES WE AIM TO DEVELOP HERE. OUR CURRENT GPS IMAGING PROCESSOR IS BUILT AS A BACK-END TO OUR CURRENT MASSIVE DATA PROCESSING FACILITY, WHICH MAKES A VARIETY OF GEODETIC PRODUCTS FREELY AVAILABLE FOR IMMEDIATE SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION. WE USE ALL GPS DUAL-FREQUENCY DATA IN THE WORLD THAT IS KNOWN TO US, GOING BACK TO 1996, FROM OVER 17,000 STATIONS. PRODUCTS ARE UPDATED EVERY WEEK FOR FINAL PRODUCTS FROM CURRENTLY OVER 10,000 STATIONS, EVERY DAY FROM OVER 6,000 STATIONS, AND EVERY HOUR FROM ~2,000 STATIONS. DATA PRODUCTS INCLUDE 24-HOUR AND 5-MINUTEINTERVAL STATION POSITIONS, 5-MINUTE-INTERVAL TROPOSPHERIC PARAMETERS, DAILY QUALITY ASSURANCE PARAMETERS TO ASSESS STATION PERFORMANCE, MIDAS STATION VELOCITIES, METADATA, AND A STEP-FUNCTION DATA BASE WITH LINKS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKES AND EQUIPMENT CHANGES. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL DEVELOP ADDITIONAL DATA PRODUCTS TO SERVE ANY INTERESTED SCIENTIST WITH TIME SERIES AND DERIVED FIELDS THAT HAVE SENSITIVITY TO TIME-DEPENDENT DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE SOLID EARTH. THESE PRODUCTS WILL ADDRESS SEVERAL TOPICS IN THE PROPOSAL CALL, CONNECTING WITH THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TECTONICS AND CLIMATE, SOLID EARTH RESPONSE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY, FORCING BY HURRICANES AND STORM SURGES, MAGMATIC SYSTEMS, CONNECTION TO STATE OF STRESS, AND THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON SOLID EARTH DEFORMATION. THE TIME-VARIABLE DEFORMATION PRODUCTS DEVELOPED HERE WILL BENEFIT NOT ONLY OUR OWN SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, RATHER WE WILL CONTINUE TO MAKE ALL OUR PRODUCTS FREELY AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR USE BY OTHER INVESTIGATORS OVER A BROAD VARIETY OF DISCIPLINES, ALONG WITH OUR EXPERT SUPPORT. Funding Only Action $153.1k 7/30/20